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Quality of Feed Does Not Ma terially Influence Richness of Milk. A reader writes: "I can get much richer milk using cottonseed meal to supply protein." Another asks: "Can the quality of my .cow's milk be improved by any thing^ can do?. It is of very poor quality." The popular belief that the rich ness of a cow's milk, or the per ce?nt or proportion of butter fat which it -contains can be increased by feeding, persists in spite of all that has been said and all the evidence that exists to show that the feed does not ma terially and permanently increase the richness of the milk or the per cent of butter fat it contains. The richness of the milk or the per cent of butter fat is an individual, a breed, and an inherited characteristic of the cow and the feed does not materially af fect it. The feed very materially affects the quantity of milk and consequent ly- the total amount of butter fat' produced in a given time, but the cow that gives milk containing 3 per cent of butter fat, for instance, can not be made to give milk containing 4 per cent of butter fat by merely changing or increasing the feed. The per cent of butter fat or the richness of the milk varies slightly and for short intervals, or from one milking to the next, or for a few days may vary a great deal; but changing the feed does not change the per cent of butter fat one month very greatly from that of another month, nor of one year from that of another. With individual cows the less milk given the richer in butter fat, as a rule; but the per cent of butter fat varies little from year to year, although it may be slightly less with advancing years. The variations from day to day are constant and consid erable, but not due to changes in the kinds and amounts of feed. Many do not believe this, but it is a fact well proved just the same. One cannot tell how rich milk is from looking at it and the failure to get much butter or cream from a i given cow's ' milk is often due to : faulty handling. An abundance of : * rich feed will increase the amount of milk and consequently the total amount of butter, but the per cent of : butter fat or the richness of the milk is likely to decrease as the quantity : increases.-Progressive Farmer. Confining Hen in Coop Re duces Loss of Chicks. Chicks hatched during the winter ? months should be brooded in a poul try house or shed while the outside weather conditions are unfavorable; ; after the weather becomes settled J they should be reared in brood coops out of doors. It is best to make brood ! coops so that they can be closed at ' night, to keep out cats, rats, and oth- 1 er animals, and enough ventilation 1 should be allowed so that the hen and : chicks will have plenty of fresh air. 1 The hen should be confined in the coop until the chicks are weaned, while the chicks are allowed range after they are a few days old. Where ' hens are allowed free range and have to forage for feed for themselves and chicks, they often take the latter through wet grass, where they may . become chilled and die. Most of the feed the chicks get by foraging goes to keep up the heat of the body, whereas feed eaten by those that are with the hen that is confined produces more rapid growth, as the chicks do not have so much exercise. In most broods there are one or. two chicks that are weaker than the others, and if the hen is allowed free range the weaker ones often get be hind and out of hearing of the moth er's cluck and call. In most cases this results in the loss and death of these chicks, due to becoming chilled. If the hen is confined, the weaklings can always find shelter and heat un der her, and after a few days may de velop into strong, healthy chicks. The loss in young chicks due to al lowing the hen free range is undoubt edly large, say poultry specialists in the United States Department of Agriculture. Chicks frequently have to be caught and put into their coops during sudden storms, as they are apt to huddle in some hole or corner where they get chilled and drowned. They must be kept growing constant ly if the best results are to be ob tained, as they never entirely recover from checks in their growth, even for a short perioct. Hens are usually left with their chicks as long as they will brood them, although some hens commence to lay. before the chicks are weaned. Did you know that nearly all makes of tires and tubes are off 20 per cent? Come in and look over our stock. Wa handle Goodyear, Fisk and United States, is there are any better we will handle them. YONCE & MOONEY. 4,000 Germans Kept Busy Printing Only Raper "Marks." Berlin, May 21.-Germany has ap proximately 4,000 persons employed in "making money." I do not mean this in the usual accepted sense of that term but literally. L That is the staff of the German "money press" which turns out the bales of 10, 20, 50, 100, 1,000-mark certificates or bills, not to mention the smaller one and two- mark paper slips. Silver coins have been withdrawn and are no longer legal tender. The metal nioney cofisists of iron, alumi num, and in Saxony there is some made out of porcelain. An idea of how the "paper money industry" has grown in Germany may be gathered from the following fig ures. In 1910 the Germ?n govern ment printing office, including the en graving and money printing depart ments, employed 2,321 persons. In 1915, 2,910; in 1917, 5,832, in 1919, 8,583, and at the end of October, 1920, there were 9,771 employes, an increase of more than 400 per cent in ten years. At present the figure has passed the 10,000 mark. In the making and printing of pa per' money there are alone approxi mately 4,000 employed at present, or almost double the number that the entire printing office, including the postage and tax stamp departments and all other government printing, employed in 1910. A million marks in one thousand mark bills weighs four pounds. It is figured out that were Germany to pay the 20,000,000,000 gold marks in paper marks at the present vaule it would require 240,000,000,000 pa per marks, which would weigh some thing more than 430 tons. It requires astronomical calcula tions to figure out what the 226,000, 000,000 gold marks' reparation de manded would be in paper marks at the present rate of approximately 15 paper marks for one gold mark. Salt For Dairy Cows. A reader asks: "How much salt does a dairy cow need? I have seen it stated by the advertiser of a ready mixed feed that it contained 1 per cent of salt. Is this enough salt?"v The average dairy cow, according to Washburn, requires about an ounce of salt a day. Heavy milkers need more salt than those producing less and a large cow probably more than a small one. It has been found that steers on full feed when allowed to take what salt they wish will consume something less than'an ounce a day per 1000 pounds live weight; the average be ing something like % of an ounce per day. If a cow gets 100 ounces (6*,4 pounds) of a feed containing 1 per cent of salt she will get 1 ounce of salt. If the average cow gets more that 6% pounds of such a feed per day she will probably get a little more salt than she needs, but this small excess will do no harm. A large heavy milking cow might get more than 6 hi pounds of the feed per day, but such a cow will need more than an ounce of :alt a day. We would state that 1 per cent of salt is enough in a mixed feed, but probably not too much. The real question is, should salt be put in a ready mixed feed, or mix ed with the feed at any time? Some claim that the salt increases the palatability of .the feed and for , that reason should be mixed with it, but the proper amount of salt can not be put in the feed unless the , amount that is going to be fed is . known. For this reason we believe the better method of giving salt to cows is to keep it before them all the time, so they may taoke what they mant. In this way they are not likely to get too much. ) Some advise giving salt to dairyj cows r?ther freely because it will' cause them to drink more water, j which is thought to tend to larger milk production. This is probably an error. Both salt and water should be where the cows can get as much as , they want without any trouble. Too much salt may easily become in jurious. If we assume that a 1000-pound cow requires % of an ounce of salt a day and a half an ounce extra for each 20 pounds of milk produced, then a cow weighing 1000 pounds and giving 20 pounds of milk would re quire IV*, ounces per day, and if she gave 40 pounds of milk a day she would require 1% ounces a day. We may therefore, conclude that a dairy cow should have from 1 to 2 ounces of salt a day according to the amount of milk she gives. This may be put in the feed each day if care is taken to give the correct amount regularly, but a better plan is to put the salt where the cow can help, herself to what she wants.-Progressive Farmer WANTED: 2 young hogs weigh ing 80 to 100 pounds, market price. Apply at The Advertiser Office. J Aa in the greatest cities so in his otm home town-the U. S. Tire user gets fresh, ?ive tires of current production. " THE U. S. CHAIN TREAD One of the few tires of which it may be said that they deliver economy year in and year out and tire after tire. The U. S. Chain Tread gives sufficient traction on all ordinary road surfaces. It is probably the handsomest, and by all odds the most popular, of the whole U. S. Fabric Tire line. "in every section, however renae, you find a dealer ia frejh, ?ive U. S. Tires." Economy rides on IF you could get together all the car owners you know, you'd probably rind that their tire experiences had been much the same. Most of them have taken their fling at "job lots," "discontinued lines" and "surplus stocks." Soon or late, nearly all settled back on quality first as the one sound assurance of tire value. * * * As soon as a man forgets the cut price tag, and comes to the dealer who concentrates on a full, completely sized stock of U. S. Tires-he learns what it means to get fresh, live tires -not once in a while but every time. Not mej?ely in the big cities, but in his own home town. Not merely for the heavy car, but for the medium and light-weight car-a full selection of size, tread and type.' * * * Your U. S. Tire dealer can give your this service because of the service he gets from his neighboring U. S. Factory Branch. There are 92 of these Branches. Each gets its share of U. S. Tires; so that the dealer is always supplied with fresh, live stock. U. S. Tires sell as fast as they are made. There is no over production. No sur plus piled up waiting for a "market" Wherever you buy a U. S. Tire you buy a tire of current production, as full of life and value as the day it left the makers. United States ft Robber YONCE & MOONEY Edge?eld, S. C. V. E. EDWARDS &* BRO. Johnston, S. C. Railroads Must Reduce Theil Expenses. Washington, May 22.-Railroad: must make sharp reductions in thei: operating expenses if their credit an< financial stability are to be re-estab lished, a committee of the chamber o4. commerce, of the United States which made a survey of the trans portation question, declared tonighl in a statement. Necessity of practicing strict econ omy was urged, the committee point ing out that "readjustment of salaries and wages is in progress in all othei industries, and it is to be assumed that railroad wages will in the future, as they have in the past, bear,an equi table relationship to wages paid in other activities." The committee was of the opinion that the grouping or consolidation of railroads must ultimately be accom plished. It also declared that federal incorporation of railroads was highly desirable. No additional legislation on the rail road question, however, was needed at this time, the statement said, as it was advisable to have further experi ence with the transportation act ber fore attempting to modify it. The committee stated it had come to the conclusion that "even with in creased traffic that will come with the gradual return of business pros perity, the business of railroad trans portation cannot be restored to a profitable basis until the present high operating expenses are cut down." "It is recognized by the railroads," the committee.report continued, "that rates and fares cannot be increased." Stressing the need ^for more eco nomic methods of operation, the com mittee said the first step toward the accomplishment of economics should be further co-operation among the carriers in the performance of their services. In terminal organization and management, the report stated, the co-operation of the carriers was especially urgent. "Whatever economics may be ef fected by charges in operating meth ods," it was stated, "there inevitably must be a reduction in the percent age which salaries and wages com prise of the total operating revenue. The payroll of the railroads in 1917 amounted to $1,700,000,000 or about 45 per cent of the operating revenue. In 1920 the payroll had more than doubled, having risen to $3,750,000,000, which, was aboout 60 per cent of the operating revenue. "The committee assumes that every effort will be made by the car riers to maintain equitable scales of wages for different classes of employ ment. While wages must be reduced, no class of labor should bear an in equitable share of the burden of the rehabilitation period and all should render a full eight hours' service for eight hours' pay. Candidate for Cotton Weigher. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for re-election to the of fice of public cotton weigher for the town of Edgefield. I have served on ly one term and the experience I have gained will enable me to ren der more efficient service in the fu ture. If elected for a second term, I pledge the same faithful and impar tial service that I have rendered in the past. W. G. Byrd. 0R.KIRG'arraEMr i0HSC?VO.,i Wii, Surely Stop Faai Cout?* : ? .;. / ;...... OU MAKE UT WHAT OU SAVE THAT COUNTS Coorricht 1909, br C. ?. Zimmerau Co. ?No. 66 EVERY DOLLAR that you spend foolishly, every proportion ate amount of money that you earn that it would be possible to save and do not, is only money that you have to work for again. On the other hand every dollar you put in the bank is money that is going to constantly work for you. Which is the best; money always working for you, or you always working for your money. Come in and start that bank account Don't put'it off another day. BANK OF EDGEFIELD OFFICERS: J. C. Sheppard, President; A. S. Tompkins, Vice-President;: E. J. Mims, Cashier; J. H. Allen, Assistant Cashier. DIRECTORS: J. C. Sheppard, Thos. H. Rainsford, John R?insforcL: M. C. Parker, A. S. Tompkins, J. G. Holland, E. J. Mims, J. H. Allen.