University of South Carolina Libraries
H?RV?ST FROM UNDER Z2-:... Kelp Has Been Proved cf Such VrJu in Industry Thr.i lt ls Nev Care fully Gathered. A good deal has been written abon? the use of tho seaweed, le?.-;:), for tilt production of potash, and a good deal of extravagant dreaming has lava in dulged in. However, the fcelp<industry hus put itself on a solid and prosper ous footing, and gold in the simpe of tho indispensable potash is being har vested from the waters of the Pacific. The cmters or harvesters are ocean going boats and stay out at sea all the time, while the barges carry thc mac erated kelp back to the wharf, where it is pumped from the holds into fer menting t:::?::s. -Foreign matter such as Lolts, nuts. etc.. brought in with the kelp are removed by electromagnets before the pumps are reach? I; Harvesting consists in cutting the plant about six f?e? below the surface of the water, lr has actually boen iound tliat this treatment Improves (In growth and stand of the beds t<> such un extent that they may br eur over about every HO days. The ar? ti cut at present extends from Point Conception south to thc Mexican line. The potash is all used for chemical purposes, owing to irs IVA'. ;i:v purity, and there is not enough of ii to sup ply this demand. The trna! quantity of the pure product is not great enough to be considered seilo?sly Cor fertiliser purposes. There are, however, a num ber of residues produced containing potash which amount to quite a ton nage. NOW SHORTAGE Gr C'^LES Britirh Fee;! Ministry S-?eks Method by Which lt May Be Er.r.blcd to Regulate Zi:::::'.'.zz. News is coming from many parts of the country that the shortage of candles is increasing owing to the fact thar maur people v ho did apt use them before are now supplementing their gas and electric lig'u rations by th^ir use. It is becoming more clear ? . >ry day that sena? means must be adopted tr. insure that householders in rural districts, where there is ho gi s or elec tricity, have an adequate supply "? illuminants, Important nation.-.! indus tries which cannot weil be carried <>n without an adequate ca!!'!!.- supply must also bc protected; A scheme fur controlling; cainT:- snppllcs is enirnsing the attention of the ministry of food. During and si;. :e last winter tl? ?re has been a camile shortage; The oils and fats branch of the ministry of ' .? within whose view rbis matter comes, have received numerous complaints from rural councils and individuals of the difflcnlty of getting supplies and of retail prices going up by leaps and hounds. There is evidence cf a new demand haying sprung up within the last six weeks. accentuating last win? tor's shortage and making a candle famine imminent.-Manchester Guard ian. War Co:r.in.? in Germany. N . Dtfe to metal shortage G? nnany has Institute?! iron coinage. Th? fraction al mark coin? are no longer of e< pj er and nickel, but are forgings nf Sie mens-Martin steel. Tho coinage Of copper was discontinued in 1917; Alu min.tm? had been coined to :. small* ex tent before the war ; the smallest coins, ono and two pfennig pk'cbs. aro now made of aluminum, which is moro attacked by ordinary water, s? ila, salts, etc., than by distilled water; Zinc coins have recently been intro duced. Z'nc coins had been used in French Indo?.China: they are again more apt to corrode, especially when impure with lead, cadmium and iron, in distilled water than in ordinary wa ter: tiley turn yellow-brown. Inri as sume a pleasant gray tint In soda and salt. Oh the whole, the cheapest Iron coins have answered best.-Engineer ing. New Burlap Substitute. Manufacturers engag? 'I on govern ment contracts are being o:Tere?I ?1 sub stitute for burhill !>y a ?a;-',"' Massa chusetts mill which has discovert ?! a ?jjuaterial that eau successfully be used for haling Instead of tf"? per rent jute, the substitut" is naide of ?m?1 strand or Swedish pulp paper and two strands of jut", it is made nine ami Iii ounces in weight and "<;. !??. arid 4S Inches deep. A government ti s; 6f.the nine-ounce product shows a t? lislle strength of Hi? pounds, as against 00 pounds f?ir regular eight-ounce burlap. -New Bedford Standard. . New Textile Materiel; TextUit, said to be used In of the largest German factories, is a ^in stitute material that is predicted to outlast the war as a permanent addi tion to tho textil" Industry. IL con sists of a paper thread and a fiber thrend twisted together and. though the percentage of Jong fiber is very small, lt ls claimed to have yielded products that th?' uninitiated cannot distinguish from the former lim n nnd Jute fabrics. The fiber gives a firm ness tiiat paper fahrics <1" not pos sess. The material is made into weav ing and sewing yarns and webs of all kinds. Correct. A funny one occurred in Judge "Wood's court the other day. observes the Los Angeles Times, lt vyas a ?li vorce case and tho witness v. is in clined to be vague. Finally h.- mus tered up courage anti said: "T can", testify much, judge, 'cause I don't know what this incompatibility ls." "Cold feet and hot words," snapped lils honor. INCUBATORS ?ND BROOD ERS FOR ?mmm . xM&i?Mil R?MllhL Clorasen Collage, S. C.-Recent ly mr. ny letters have been re ceived by the Poultry Divisi?n askinj for information relative to the use o: incubators and breeders in hatch;:! and rearing chickens. The high co?; I of poultry foods and the great deruauc j for fresh eggs and frys have convince; j poultry raisers that it will pay to usc i a dependable ^y.:..u lo outaia chick; this year. j The old sitting hon will not wort i when we want lier to. She and hei friends refuse to go broody in Januarj and February, lui they GU every avail j abie nest as econ as the weather turra I warm and the time of hatching tilt j besi chickens is over. |vMy hens would not sit early and '. ! could net buy any early siit rs;" i.: j heard every summer and fall by own j ers of little chickens. 1 Any one who tikes poultry can op j erato an incubator successfully. Ii i: necc-s >ary io turu .thc eggs morning ' and night ard fill the lamp once a day : It is net necessary to examino a gooc j machine moro often than two or three times daily, when the above work car bc dene. Every incubator is equipped with r ; thermostat to regulate the tempera turo. Tho more popular typos of kerosene j lamp incubators are heated by hot air I although there ere some good style heated by thc circulation of hot water \ Tito main advantage of the hot air ma I chine is that of durability. The past year has found tho electric j incubator springing rapidly to the ! front This machino can new 1:3 ob j fained for use on any voltage, lt :. . also made to be used with ono cf tire I home lighting systems found on nianj Som h Carolina farms. Tho cost -J: j open: ting an electric incubator is rc ! gre a: cr than that cf a lr. mp mai ki:; : 1 v. ! at a uniform degree and the machine ! can bo placed in any room of tilt ; house. It is usually found that a prc fit ab!? ; size incubator to i rv is ona with t ; capacity cf about 240 eggs. Tao size ! containing from 120 lo l?ft eggs is als* I popular with poultry men who da nc? j desire 10 raise more than 200 or SOC j chickens a year. fcTowever. a jarge in i ?'. give as good hatching results as i hat a big chine, gives you ra opportunity t< hatch eggs for others or hatch suffi*! cicnt chicks to sell the surplus to yon neighbor;.-. The best size tor an eleci, trie machine is about 150 eggs. Just now these machines are rather higi . but it i:; hoped that within a short time; the price of the ele?-trie will br- about tho same as the lamp-heated incubator ! T'o? better tynes of incubators art' built v.-ih double walls with "one i nc i j ! or moro of insulating material bcSwec: ? .' ' ' turo of th . hoing ? j temperature of tho roora; Tito ihr-.-? er incubators have" simply a singli, wal . . ; ; to buy rho cheaper incubators mab- i: this woy. Ser:o mr-rhin'rs have a sparst? compartment below tho c-~::\ ir.-.c \vhi: tho' chicks <! are hatched. Thi? is a convenience but ii is of no special advantage; j Th' average humber of chicks hatched from the eggs placed in ar incubator is about one-half: Wi: r you buy an incubator it is wr'l tb or der ono or more portable brno si lowing 50 chicks to each brooder. Mo<i of the manufacturer/ rote the capacifj of their brooders at about twice aa many chicks as they v/ill sali s f ac io . i ! 3 rear. Thes?e portable brooders are nboul two feet in diameter and stand qr three cast iron legs; The kerosene lamp is under ono side and a weelo.-. curtain surrounds the lower part n: the brooder. Tho baby chinks pusb under this woolen curtain and thc heat, of tiio lamp keeps the inside ol the brooder at the required tempera ture cf ninc-ty to ninety-five degree.: : It is a simple, matter to mise in rold weather almost all thc chickens in a brooder of this kind when it is placed in a bright room. Later cn it the season when tho days begin r .? gel warm, the portable hover is prefcrablj pu: in a s-roall wire front house. An incubator and one or more brood ors will enable any ono to ii ai cfc chicks when he wants thom. F hru j ary and March aro tho two best li;.'' li in g rn or. tl: .s of tho spring season. Pul le-s batched these months will acm meneo to lay MJ ha early fall and ci tinue to lay ^ ng the winter. Il i. easy to koop a pullet laying during the] cold wea Iber but il i s difficult to star: a young pullet to laying until aftei tko ; ;.idcr weather is past. .Then thc old hens which have completed theil molt betcm laying. This is why it i best to hatch pullets early and hov. them laying when the price of cgg3 Ir so high in ibo fall. Extension Bulletin IC. "Poultry Hui turo fox South Carolina." which ? mailed frc? to any rr.- by tho !'\ sion Service of Clemson College con tains full directions for operating in cub?tors and brooders. Thc Poultry Division wiil be glad io tell any o::< where the best mak is 61 incubator! and brooders ena be obtained. Ti n* potatoes and other starchy vegetables can save -.-N it if you us? them in broad or instead of b^ad? BIST V?RfflES OF COTT?? m BOLL ??zzm Clemson College^-Tho boll weer! has m: dc its appearance In ie cour.;'.- ; o? South Carolina. In severa of tb ?se counties the weevil is ni nierons enough to damage thc cotto: crop to a i on sid ci able extent in 191? Consequently, some changes in th method of producing cotton must b made to combat this pest. Among these Changes .will be tb p!r.:.;ing of better seed of earlie fruiting varieties ?han aro now ger emily usi !. A varlet}.ist bo use? thaj wi]] begin to fruit early and se u good crop ol bells by tho first o August. Cor after this time tho weevil arc usually abundant enough to di stroy all squares that appear. I ohouid be .; good yielder with a hig] percentage of lint. A medium siz plant is d?sirable. It should have bu 3 or 1 vegetative brauche.:, but fruii ing branches should bo numerous bu h sets bf branch?e coming out nea the ground. Tl e co? : of growing an acre of coi to:: from the best B_eed is no greate than the cost of growing the sam acre from inferior seed, bu:" tho diffei ence in yield will. often bo from ?? to 500 pounds of- need cotton per ?ncr in favor of 'he good seed. At the pr?! cn price of cotton this would be a leas! ?Sft.OO per aero, net counting th? seed. The above figures are con sen's tire, for in variety tests coi sistinj o:i!y of varieties considered s tandan for the State, results have been o ?Hair ed showing a greater difference tba: above li tween the highest and lowes yielding varieties, though in man; r;,-r ; tiic yield cf :ho lowest yic?din; variety in these tests would be greate ' than iv n "gin mixed" seed of inferi? varier! ? commonly used by man; growers. Consequently, those wh ; u:<o low grade seed in the weevil \r. ?e:>tod area will suffer a double Joss while those who use the vest va rie tm adapt? d to ?iicir sections will lose onl; to thc extent of damage due to th weevil:*. That many farni? rs ar? bi ginning to realize this fact is indicat e.'. by th ' many inquiries for bette varietio:- and sources of seed. There is no such thing as a "hoi weevil proof" cotton. Select a varlet: that br;:; beca triad and has proved il self adapte:! to the section in which i is to be ?grown. Then purchase sco< from a gi.cd reliable breeder as nea I home as possible; for results shoi that seed ordered :':-.;:n a distant stat? wjaere conditions a.**e ont ?rely different do not produce as ?-ell as native grew: seed. , Early fruiting and late fruiting vs ri- ios should not be planted in th same Community, as the weevils wii have had time ?o multiply in the frui formed on the early cotton and be come numerous enough to destr?? practically all fruit as fast as forme* o:i the late variety. During tho last two yearsimore tba* tv; atv of i lie best varieties have bee* te: ;. i in Edgefield; Aiken. Rr. m wei! Hampton, Beaufort, Charleston, am Dorehest r Count!'1-;. Prom the xi eui /, so far obtained and from ohsei ration as to fruiting and growth, th er are o vera! that seem io be well adapt ed to these reetions. Of the short staple varieties fha con b . < omni mded for South Carolin* r .: Cleveland Big Boll; Cool? J ?xh Triumph, and Dixie are tile prir. cipa] ones. Thc first two aie wei a !: ted for all sections of the Stat? except whore tito land is wilt-infected Cleveland i:. now marc generali; . .. i in ?he Stale than any other va riot .! thousand bushels grew: cai brett in the Sta:o ara sold over* yen; /ri the weevil district f?rtli? S and it is giving good results S . I of ibis variety can bo ob taine* , fr? ni reliable breeders o the State who have for sever;'.!.years been se fleeting and breeding for earliness ' TV i . considered one of the host vari t- i vi t developed for South Carolini ^conditions. Cook ranks among tho highest yield . in*-*: varietiac in the State, but is no 'as generally grown, as anthrocoose <. I boll rot .- -ems to be worse in thi ta :.;<.: y than any other. Cut severn i breeders have s ira ir. s that ore noi ; practically free from this disease. On wilt-infected land m thing bu w?h-r? sistai t varieties should he plani #d. Of these Dixie Triumph and Dixi hove given best result?. Dixie Tr umph i: a new variety developed by prominent breeder of the State, lt L ? early, with medium siz? plants, larg j bolls, and is a good yielder. Seed oj .this variety cannot be obtained fo; ?planting the coming season. Mexican Big Boll and Sawyer an j ?hon. staple varieties thu aro earl; and have yielded well in the lowe count irs of the Stale. Sawyer is - serai-cluster cotton with large bolls oi medium io small plants. It ?-cfs frui early, matures quickly, bul does no rank high in yield, and sheds frui hcaviiy in unfavorable weather. Webber .!!> and Webber S2 are th earlie-:; long staple varieties. Both ar well adapted to the State, fruiting a early as the short Staple varieties an frequently yielding as much seed coi ton per acre. In securing seed of any of the abov varieties got seed that have been bro for earliness from some reliabl ?breeder. Tho extension Sen-ico c Clemson College will furnish farmer with a lim of the best, sources of seo In the Slate upon application. That one of the best ways to marlen tsuch crops as corn, -peanuts, beans, i "on the hoof"? nj? a u L, J ?; TXT "j .- ?_ VV S ?ieSl?c CO liv. j ready to supply tl ; for delivery reliai: j tested for years ! over and over ?gz Besides the mi: ! meal and acid ph: ! desire at home. Come in to see ' your fertilizer .cor |/|/ Wv:/ .Ile I I o -~~'-: .' "~**T: ??[j??-' '7~7," ~ '. St : v ?i ? I m I ll li il I! ! ?i li liri h ^ colcl trip Tic-. Ferd Traetors. I (ave arrived the FORD TRACTORS THE LABOR SAVER that you have been looking lor. W rite us or come to Greenwood and see what they will do. Will give you any demonstration you want to sec. They will pull any place a mule will. JOHN I. CHIPLEY, Greenwood, S. C -n in TI T *\ ?"ft .?? ??'*"*? ?f -f^P 1 il g Jr */ J 3 /V ?; i;: > .o_^.? ii; v.-.^>? ??/iuc ' - - ? ? .' --. .. \- ?.*?*?? A .V ft ?. B " ' ?' >. . p : o:H> ?~ 2* ?V / ... f 7u ~ fg? VJ 'luy our-;iciraier melius ixi>tt we eire ? leir fertilizer needs. We have ready | ile brands of .. tilizers that h we been I by farmers of this county, and have I du proven thc ir merit. ^ :! I Ked goods, we carry a large stock of I Dsphate for mixing any formula you | ,j_ ?. "j Ol Q us and get our prices Deiore you make | ? v, I "1 tl J ? 1 $7, IT^FTi's ?'li^n siro !lllim inn ll !?f? Wi '?J >me. No mc :e EriiMess hugging a radiator prices sea! the eton cf extravagant *p / o J ? ' heating plants. IT you want a per- . feetly heated herne mci greatly reduced fuel bills yeti will invest in i! mus mt aim ii..-' u-.:.-...-J* ^ - ..J tii? i IVfcU li v.'?S! savo fche rjr.??or. ir.K?icfis in ?ioney trtis winter. ?cir.av/. Kein ? T 53 .?wf."*}-j erik <?BSJ,J?*!i>i'eDn!* o g?W-A"6!?? .^ ??i >?0 H?' lirTP ?I^^^PRtSERVE THE LEATHER