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SAVE ALL FERTILIZER Concrete Pits Advocated for Storage of Manure. ! _ Enormous Amount of Waste in Fertil j ?ty Prevented-Clear Dimensions of Convenient Pit and Directions for Building. The use of concrete on the farm is long past the experimental stage. It ls a necessity. The first cost of con crete is higher than for structures built of wood, but concrete is much cheaper in the long run. For. maintaining or restoring the fertility of the fields, there is nothing .better than barnyard manure. 3y j the ordinary methods of piling manure {on the ground or storing it in wooden ?pens or boxes, 30 to 50 per cent of its [fertility is lest. This loss is brought about in two ways: First, by leaching :or washing due to heavy rains; sec |ond, by fermentation or heating caused ?by lack of sufficient moisture. Since ^concrete pits are waterproof, manure !may be kept in them as moist as may %e necessary and such an enormous waste in the fertility of the manure may thus be entirely prevented. One :?oad of manure from a concrete pit ls worth \Vz to 2 loads of manure as usually stored. Moreover, with con terete pits the supply of manure ls in creased by all the liquid manure, the richest part, from the barn gutters and feeding floors. Shallow manure pits do very well -where the manure can be frequently hauled to the fields. The walls and floor should be five inches thick. The ?lear dimensions of a convenient pit are: Depth, 3 feet; width, 6 feet; 3ength, 12 feet. Dig the trench 3 feet ^5 inches by 6 feet 10 inches by 12 feet Manure Pit Forms. ten Inches. By keeping the sides ver tical only an inside form will be need ed. Have enough woven-wire fencing .7% feet long to cover the bottom of ..the pit Lay the wire with an even ?division of the extra length, so that (J? may project upward into the side ;walls. The wire is laid after two inches iihickness of concrete has been put -ha. The remaining three inches should 'he tamped in after the wire has been .placed. Remove the forms after the jconcrete has set four days. The pit 'jD&y be used after ten days. "Where manure is to be stored for a .considerable length of time, larger pits ?OT hasins are required. Such pits are ^seldom made over five feet deep (in .the clear at the deeper end) and are 'wide enough that the manure may be loaded on a spreader in the pit and .drawn up a roughened concrete in -cline or run. The slope for such a iron must not be steeper than one foot IBP to four feet out ' In laying out the large pit bear In ?isalnd that the concrete walls and floors ?should he eight inches thick and make ,ilU8 allowance for same when digging. With a spade trim the sides and the J?eep end vertical. : Zn order to form a sump hole from which the liquid manure can be pumped, In one corner at the deep end I ?I Manure Pit With Trough. ?Of the pit dig a hole 18 inches deep by iSflJk feet in diameter. Do not forget that dirt in the con crete may make a poor wall, so if the :top of the earthen wall tends to crum ble hold it. back with one-inch boards .ihraced against the forms. To keep out rflood water, the pit may be extended six inches above the ground by using {the lower half of a one-foot board to hold back the dirt, by allowing the re mainder to project above the ground .level, and by adding six inches to the 'height of the inside form. BEST KIND OF WIRE FENCING Much Depends on Purpose for Which Fence ls Intended-General-Pur . pose Fabric Favored. The best kind of wire fencing to ?rect depends on the purpose for which the fence is used. On a farm *where mixed types of live stock are lept a general-purpose woven-wire .fabric is needed. If only cattle and horses are to be pastured, a coarser and less expensive woven fence can be ?sed. When fencing is needed to in close extensive pastures where only .cattle or horses are to be kept the excessive cost of a woven-wire fence would not make its use desirable, for losses of stock by injury on barbed wire would not be large enough to counterbalance the difference in the cost of maintaining the two different grinds of fences._ HOSPITAL SN HISTORY INSTITUTIONS HAVE BEEN KNOWN FROM EARLY TIMES. Before the Christian Era the Care of the Afflicted Was Considered a Public Duty - Philadelphia Had First in America. The first hospital established in America was opened in Philadelphia on February 7, 1750. For nearly two years Benjamin Franklin and other influential men were working for the establishment of such an institution. A charter was granted in May, 1751, aud the first board of trustees was elected the July following. The day of the opening a number of patients were admitted who were reg ularly attended and given their medi cine free. Joshua Crosby was the first president and Benjamin Franklin the first clerk. The second hospital established was in New York in 1771. From these ear ly beginnings there has now grown up in the United States a veritable forest of hospitals. Every city, town and village has its dilly appointed institu tions of this character, and the hos pitals of the United States are now acknowledged the most handsomely and thoroughly equipped in the world, and serve as models for European ar chitects. Hospitals were founded in very ear ly times. India, Persia and Arabia had hospitals supported by their kings and rulers before the Christian era. As far back as the earliest pe riod In Greek history the sick are Baid to have been treated in the Tem ple of Aesculapius at Epidaurus. In the early Jewish period a house for the reception of the sick was called Beth Holem. Such an institu tion was Beth Saida, mentioned in the New Testament. Military hospitals are of compara* tively recent origin, born of the needs of warfare and the advance of medi , cal science and hygiene. In the Cri mean war of 1854 the French alone of the allied powers possessed anything approaching the equipment now com mon to all armies. The English wounded were carried off the field in rough-and-ready fash ion, sailors' hammocks being ultimate ly utilized as a rude substitute for the French stretcher and ambulance. Surgeons attended the wounded on the field, for whom there were little or no after accommodations, until, spurred by the publication of Florence Nightingale's description of condi tions, the English government appoint ed Lord Merbert's commission, which resulted in more effective hospital service. The hospital ship was established in the early sixties, and shortly after ward the United States hospital corps was organized. The army nurse corps which is an auxiliary branch of the medical department, was established in accordance with an army bill passed as recently as February 2, 1901. Hospital Sunday is observed in the United States on the last Sunday in December, and in England the Sunday nearest June 15, on which days the collections in churches are devoted to the support of hospitals. The cus tom has been generally adopted since 1873. Old English Street Names. Old street names in London often assumed strange forms through pop ular corruptions. Gutter lane, for in stance, was named after its owner, who happened to be one Guthurun. A flagrant example was Hangman's Gains, by the Tower, "a Btrange cor ruption," as Strype tells us, "for Hammes and Guynes, where the poor tradespeople of Hammes and Guynes were allotted to dwell after Calais and those places were taken from the Eng lish." Many years ago, in Pentonville, there was a Dobbin's place, and that homely Dobbin's was but D'Aubigny upon English tongues. In some cases lt is possible to trans form an ugly road name into some thing quite pleasant, and even roman tic, without much difficulty. There is the steep road which runs up from Parliament Hill Fields to Highgate. It used to be known as Swine's lane, ac cording to local antiquarians. Now adays the Cockney may pronounce it much as before when he takes his ticket on the tram from Holborn. But the spelling is different-Swain's Lane. -London Chronicle. Feed 3,000 Starving Elk. Driven from the mountainous por tions of the Yellowstone National park by the heavy snowfall, which pre vented their grazing, great numbers of wild animals, wards of the United States, are being fed by the govern ment park officials here until such time as the weather moderates suffi ciently to allow them to return to their native haunts. Three thousand elk, 2,000 deer and several hundred mountain sheep are drawing a daily "ration" of hay at the feeding grounds a few miles from the? park. Government officials believe no great loss of life among the animals has occurred. More Profitable. "If an invading army landed1 in New York I suppose the first thing they'd do would be to take possession of all tho banks." "Being poor, ignorant foreigners, they probably would, but if they knew anything they'd go after the hat checking privileges In the hotels and restaurants." Candidates' Column FOR CONGRESS. I hereby announce my candidacy fo re-election as Representative in Con gress from the Second District of South Carolina, pledging myself to abide by the ruies of the primary and to sup port the nominees thereof. JAMES F. BYRNES. I desire to announce to the people of the Second Congressional District that I am a candidate for the national House of Representatives, i will give my best services if elected and will at all times be faithfdl to the interests of my people. 1 respectfully ask your support. ALVIN ETHEIiEDGE. FOR SOLICITOR. I hereby announce myself a candi date for the Democratic nomination for Solicitor of the Eleventh Judicial Cir cuit, subject to the rules of the Demo cratic Primary. J. W. COX. I am a candidate for the democratic nomination for Solicitor of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit, subject to the rules of the Democratic primary. GEORGE BELL TIM MERMAN. I am a candidate for the nomination for Solicitor of the eleventh Judicial Circuit in the approaching Democratic primary, I pledge myself to obey the law governing primary elections and to observe the rules of the party and to abide the result of this election. E. L. ASBILL. FORESTATE SENATOR. ??1 respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the State senate from Edgefield county and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. M. P. WELLS.S? I announce myself a candidate for re-election to the State Senate, subject to the rules of the Democratic primary. B. E. NICHOLSON. FOR THE LEGISLATURE, I hereby announce that I am a can didate for the house of representatives from Edgefield county, subject to the rules of the Democratic primary. N. G. EVANS. I respectfully announce that I am a condidate for re-election to the house of representatives and pledge myself to abide +he result of the Democratic partv. J. L. WALKER. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for re election to the House of Representatives from Edgeneld county, subject to the rules and regu lations of the Democratic party. S. T. WILLIAMS. FUR CLERK OF COURT. I hereby announce that I am a can didate for re-election to the office of clerk of court of Edgefield county and solicit the support of *the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the primary election. W. B. COGBURN. To the Citizens of Edgefield County: I announce myself as a candidate for Clerk of Court of Edgefield County, pledging myself to support the nomi nees of the Democratic Primary. W. M. WRIGHT. FOR SUPT. OF EDUCATION. I announce that I am a candidate for County Superintendent of Education subject to the rules of the democratic primary, and, if elected, pledge my efforts to the educational interests of our County. W. W. FULLER. FOR SHERIFF. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for re-election to the office of sheriff of Edgefield county and so licit the support of the people, pledg ing myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. . f?W. R. SWEARINGEN. I very respectfully announce my candidacy for the office of Sheriff of Edgefield county and will abide by the result of the primary election and sup port all the nominees of the Democratic party. W. G. OUZTS. FOR SUPERVISOR. I hereby announce myself as a can didate for the office of supervisor, and pledge myself to abide by the result of the Democratic primary, and support the nominees thereof. A. A. EDMUNDS. To the Citizens of Edgefield County: I respectfully announce myself as a candidate for "Supervisor of your-coun ty, and if elected will try to serve the people as near ripht as I conceive, pledging myself to abide by the results of the election, and support the nominees of the democratic party. W. G. WELLS. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the office of supervisor of Edgefield county and solicit the sup port of the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the Democratic pri mary election. J. M. BELL. I hereby announce that I am a can didatc for the office of Supervisor of Edgefield county and solicit the sup port of the people., pledging myself, if elected, to serve the people to the best of my ability and to abide the results of the Democratic primary election; J. W. HUDSON. Morgana, S. C. I respectfully announce to the voters of Edgefield county that I am a candi dat? for the office of supervisor and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary election. R. J. MOULTRIE. I hereby announce that I am a can didate for the supervisor of Edgefield county and solicit the support of the people, pledging myself to abide by the result of the primary election. J. 0. SCOTT. I respectfully announce that ?ama candidate for the office of supervisor of Edgefield county and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary election. R. N. BROADWATER. FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONER. I hereby announce that I am a can didate for the office of county commis sioner for Edgefield county and solicit the support of the people. I will abide the res;;'!, of the Democratic primary. J. RICHARD HAMMOND. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for county commissioner of Edgefield county and will abide the re sult of the primary election. WALTER L. HOLMES. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the office of county com missioner of Edgefif ld ccunty and so licit the support of the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the Dem ocratic primary. J. W.'R. DELAUGHTER. I take this means of announcing that I am a candidate for the office of county commissioner and solicit the support of the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. J. W. CHEATHAM. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the office of county com missioner of Edgefield county and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. J. 0. HERIN. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for re-election to the office of county commissioner, and solicit the support of the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. JAMES DEVORE. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the office of county com missioner and solicit the support of the people, pledging myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. GEORGE B. TIMMERMAN. Pleasant Lane, S. C. FOR MAGISTRATE. I hereby announce that I am ? can didate for the position of Magistral of the eighth magisterial district of Edge field county, and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary election. J. W. BLEDSOE. I respectfully announce that I am candidate for the office of magistrate, of the 6th magisterial district of Edge field county and pledge myself to abide the result of the primary election. R. M. JOHNSON. I hereby announce that I am candi date for the position of magistrate of the sixth magisterial district of Edge field county and pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. H. S. WOOD. I hereby announce myself a candi date for the office of magistrate of the 8th magisterial district of Edgefield county, subject to the rules and regu lations of the Democratic party. J. C. TIM MERMAN. I respectfully announce that I am a candidate for the office of magistrate of the 8th magisterial district of^Edge field county, a.id pledge myself to abide the result of the Democratic primary. W. E. TURNER. I hereby a nnounce that I am a can didate for re-election to the office of magistrate of the 1st magisterial dis trict of Edgefield county and will abide the result of the Democratic primary. N. L. BRUNSON. I hereby announce that I am a candi date for the-office of magistrate of the second magisterial district of Edge field county, pledging rfiyself to abide the result of the primary election. WALLACE W. WISE. Automobiles We have the agency for Ford auto mobiles for the western part of Edge field county. There is no better car on the market for the money. The Ford owners who have thoroughly tested these cars will tell you that. If you want a car, drop us a card and we will call on you and demonstrate the Ford advantages. W. F. RUSH & CO. PLUM BRANCH. S. C. Light Saw, Ltithe mid Shin trie Mills, Engines. Boilers. Supplies and Repairs, Porta ble. Steam und Gasoline En gines. Saw Teeth, Files. Helt^ und Pipes, WOOD SAWS and SPLITTERS. GINS and PRESS REPAIRS Try LOMBARD AUGUSTA, GA. THE FARMERS BANK OF EDGEFIELD, S. C. Capital and Surplus Profits - - - - '- - $120,000.00 Total Assets Over.$400,000.00 STATE, COUNTY AND TOWN DEPOSITORY Does a General Banking Business. Offers its Services to You as a Safe Guardian and Depository for Your Money. Invest in One of Our Certificates of Deposits Bearing Interest. It is a bett?r investment for you than a mortgage of real estate. You do not have to consult an attorney about titles. It does not shrink in value like lands and houses. You clo not have to insure against fire. Finally you clo not have to employ an attorney to foreclose to get your money. You can get your interest and principal the day it falls due. Safety is the First Consideration in Placing Your Earnings. Cash Counts With Us We are showing an attiactive line of spring goods in every department. Everything is new-not a piece of merchandise in the stock that is not fresh from the manufacturer. See our beautiful wash goods for waists and dresses. All the new weaves in the popular colors. Our notion stof-k is up to the minute. Nothing has been omit ted. Come in and let us show you. We call especial attention to our Shoes, Slippers and Oxfords. All of the late styles in the popular leathers, with prices very rea sonable. Do not fail to come in to see us. We can save yoM monev. J. W. PEAK J. C. LEE, President F. E. Gibson, Sec. and Treas, g FARMERS, MERCHANTS, BUILDERS, If you are going to build, remodel or repair, we invite your inquiries. COMPLETE HOUSE BILLS A SPECIALTY. We manufacture and deal in doors, sash, blinds stairs, interior trim, store fronts and fixtures, pews, pulpits, etc., .rough and dressed lumber, lath, pine and cypress shingles, flooring, ceiling and siding. Distributing agents for Flintkote roofing Estimates cheerfully and carefully mane. Woodard Lumber Co. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. Corner Roberts and Dugas Streets, Our Motto: ?S ARRINGTON BROS. & CO. Wholesale Grocers and Dealers in Corn, Oats, Hay and all Kinds of Seeds Corner Cumming and Fenwick Streets On Georgia R. R. Tracks Augusta, Ga. YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED ffSF" See our representative, C. E. May. 1785 1916 COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON South Carolina's Oldest College One Hundred and Thirty-second Year Begins September 29 Entrance examinations at all the countv seats Friday, July 14, st 9:00 A. M. Four-year courses lead to the B. A. and B. S. degrees. A two-year pre-medical course is given. A free tuition scholarship is assigned to each county of the State. Spacious buildings and athletic grounds, well equipped laboratories, unexcelled library facilities. Expense moderate. For terms and catalogue, address HARRISON RANDOLPH, President.