University of South Carolina Libraries
"Old Colonial Days." The first settlers who came to America had great difficulty in find ing shelter. Although they had plenty of clay, trees and rocks, they had no implements with which to make these things into shape so they could be used. The first houses were caves on the shores of ^the ocean, and on the banks of rivers. Some made huts by digging holes in the shape of a square on the banks of rivers. The roofs were matte of rushes covered with sand. Chimneys were made of clay and sticks. The cold was almost unendurable in these rough houses. Many suffered and died from starvation and cold. These bouses were in common use for about a half century. The set tlers lived in these until they had opportunity to build better ones. The caves were then used for cel lars to the houses which were built over them. The houses in the south were quite different from the caves. Some of them were made of plaited grass in the shape of a wigwarm." Others were made of bark slightly fastened to a light frame. The only instrument for cutting and shaping the timbers was the axe. Thus, rude log houses were made. These houses wrere a great advancement in archi tecture. A rough board supported by strong posts served as a bed. The floor usually ,was the bare earth, while a floor of rough wood was considered a luxury. The Dutch houses of this country were v?ry picturesque. The inside of the house was very neat and a scene of ad miration. The roofs were very state ly. The windows were small and they as the doors were hung with leather hinges. All farm houses had cellars which were filled with ap ples, potatoes, turnips, beets, fruits of all kinds and meat. Nails made of steel were valuable and scarce. Often an old house was burned in order to get the nails. As time wore OP a great improve ment was made in houses. Near each dwelling was a small spinning house. The roofs of many houses were thatched, and chimneys were m ide of reeds and mortar. Firts were fre quent, and it was necessary for peo ple to keep a large number of buck ets for use in case of fire. These buckets were made of costly leath ei. Most settlements were surround ed by paiisades^to prevent assaults of Indians. Fields were enclosed by feuces made of split rails, were very high, strong and closely made, so that no horse, cow nor pig could get ever them and injure the growing crops. By the second century houses were simple but beautiful. On the doors were brass; knockers. The first way of lighting the houses was by the pine kuot. Oils and fats were next in use. Candles were made of tallow and were very valuable in those days. Fire in the houses was seldom allowed to go en tirely out, for the usual method of starting it again was with flint and steel. This method required a great deal of patience and you did weli to get fire started in half an hour. Various ways of starting tires were used uutil about fifty years ago. A place of much interest was the kitchen. ..This roeta : was very bare of furniture, but was considered the most important in the house. The fire place was almost as wide as one side of the room, and was large enough for seats on the side of it. When wood became less plen tiful the chimneys and fireplaces shrank in size. All food was cooked on the tireplaees. Pots were hung from the ceiling by straps, and meat and bread were cookel in pans on the coals. Later, most of the cook ing was done in ovens made in the brick on one side of the chimneys. The most .important utensils were the pot, kettle, spider and skillet. They were made of brass and were prized "very highly by the house wife. The andirons were of brass The furniture of the house was scant and very rude. The bed was generally put in the kitchen because Tne Mammoth Yellow Soja Bean promises to be one of the most profitable crops for southern farm ers everywhere. Makes a large yield of beans, which are readily salable for oil-producing and food purposes, in addition to i+s use for forage, soil-improving and stock feeding. Splendidly adapted to our southern soils and climate. The New 100-Day Velvet Bean the quickest growing of Velvet Beans, promise to supercede Cow Peas very largely as a soil-improv ing, forage and grazing crop throughout the South. Cheaper to seed per acre than cow peas. Write for prices and "Wood's Crop Special'* giving full in formation in regard to Soja and Velvet Beans, Cow Peas, rV?i(lctp Seed Corns, Sorghums, Sudan Grass, etc. Mailed free. T. W. WOOD ? som, SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Va. I it was warmer than any other roon and ropes were used in making th beds, which were folded up durinj the day. The table for serving the meal on was a narrow board supported a each end by a sawhorse. The tabl cloth was always kept snow white Knives and spoons were used bu forks were unknown. Salt cellar usually made of silver and considei ed an ornament, and were so impoi tant that they were mentioned in th wills. Most of the food was cooke? in the form of soup, and was servei in wooden bowls. Two usually at out of one bowl. Cups and spoon were also made of wood. One larg glass served for a whole family ant was passed from one ..to another Benches served for seats for th grown folks, and the children hac to stand back of their parents au< let the food be handed to them They were to eat in ?ilence and rap idl3\ and were to leave the room a soon as possible. Deer were oftei hemmed up and killed by starting ; fire in a circle in the woods and thu: forcing the deer to the center. Wile turkeys were plentiful, and some time weighed from thirty to sixtj pounds each. Pigeons were so nu merous that they sometimes brok< the limbs of trees when they alight ed. Squirrels and rabbits were con sidered as pets. Sugar ?as mad< from the sap of the maple. Whei this sap was collected it was oooket by the men and boys. They won lc spend many happy hours with th? girls tasting the sugar and makinj. candy by dropping the syrup in tin snow. Fishing and hunting were great sports. Lobsters six feet long, and crabs and oysters were ofter caught. The flight of a drove ol swans sounded like the coming o? a thunder storm. Corn was the first crop to bi planted and proved to be very use ful. The Indians taught the settler* how to plant, grind and cook the corn, which was usually in the form of hominy. Corn was ground by a hand mill. If it had not been foi corn, most of the settlers would hbve starved. Rooms were made picturesque by hanging the differ ent colored ears of corn around the walls. The most plentiful food wag corn, pumpkins, fish and game. A very good dish enjoyed by all wa? corn, beans and pumpkin boiled to gether. Sweet potatoes were rare, for they were thought to be poison ous to animals. Irish potatoes were cooked with butter, sugar, grape juice, dates, cinnamon and pepper, then covered with a frosting.Apples, peas, turnips, huckleberries and blaokberiies were plentiful. Rye and corn were mixed to make bread. Beer, wine, ale and cider were preferred to water, for it was thought that water was dangerous if commonly drank. Milk was plen tiful and sold for a penny a quart. Sausage was made by putting the meat in a big box and letting the men chop it fine with spades. Leaf sugar was commonly used and was bought in blue paper. The paper was used for dye. Blackberry leaves, sage and golden rod were used for tea. It was boiied, the juice thrown away, and the leaves eaten. Parched rye and chestnuts were used for coffee. The settlers thought more about variety than quantity and quality. Wool and flax were raised by the men and boys, and the women, spun it into cloth. People nowadays know very little about the way cloth was made, so it is very difficult to make it clear to any one how it was made. No sheep under two years were al lowed to be killed. The women knit all the mittens and stockings that were worn. Knitting was an occupa tion learned by the children at an early age. It took a good days work to knit a pair of mittens. A yard of cloth meant many days of hard work, but cloth lasted so muoh long er then than now. Flowers and leaves were used fer dye. All the soap used was made by the women. It was hard to make, for the only lye with which to make it was from ashes. It took six bush els of ashes to twenty pounds of grease to make a small barrel of soap. Geese were kept for their feath ers. They were allowed to go on the streets in summer. If anybody hap pened to be out late at night the geese would make such a noise that it would disturb the whole neigh borhood. They often disturbed church services until they became a nuisance. Goose picking was an un welcome task. Hats and bonnets were made of plaited straw and grass, but were considered very beautiful and sty lish. Purses Cmade of beads were much admired. They were very ex pensive, selling for five dollars each. Children were taught to sew with paper, and then the cheapest kind of cloth made. Boys wore clothing almost like their father's and girls wore hooped skirts and high heeled shoeR as soon as they could walk. Their complexion ^seemed a matter of great importance, for it was pro tected by maskf? and long gloves from the sun. Men's clothing were! OUR MISS FANNIE. Oh, Sunday school scholar, why do we moan? Oh, look! see the seed she has sown. First she loved God, which was better than all, This to her was sweeter than lilies in fall. Oh, Sunday school scholar, Her, let us follow. She was kind, gentle and true, She went smiling all the day thro. She did live on the bread of life, When in trouble or strife. Oh! Sunday school scholar, Her, let us follow. Where ere she went hither or thither, Her little steps shall not wither. She loved to teach our Sunday school, she said, And no one knows the price for it she paid. Oh! Sunday school scholar, Her, let us follow. The last words she sai 1 to us, "You all will turn over a new leaf ^ trust." She taught us our Bible to read, And on the bread of life to feed. Oh! Sunday school scholar, Her, let us follow. And so God took her by the hand, And led her on to a better land. And now she is not here, But she has gone to live above this world of care. Oh ! Sunday school scholar, Her, let us follow. And let us think each day Of the kind words she did say: And let us never disobey her rule, In church or in Sunday school. Oh! Sunday school scholar, Her, will you follow? Oh ! let us each day, Do and say what she told us to cay. And oh! days, will you only fly? Then we shall see her in the sweet by j and by. Oh, Sunday school scholar, Her, will you follow? [The above poem was written by j Gladys Lyon, one of the devoted Sun day school scholars of Mrs. Fannie Tompkins. It is full of splendid, thought and deep feeling.] made the same ^colors as women s. Women's and children's shoes were' made of thin cloth and paper soles.] These were protected by overshoes when wurn outdoors. Men wore knee breeches and wigs on their heads, which were changed every year. I Medicine was made of bark and j herbs. The first mode of travel was on foot. The forests were very dense, \ therefore the settlers had to clear paths before any kind of traveling i could be done. The next mode was horseback. Stones were set in front of each house, for the purpose of mounting the horses more easily. Inland transportation was carried on, on horse back. After better roads were made, wagons were used more numerously. They were covert ed and very low in the middle. The wagons were drawn by four or six borges. The horses were beautiful and greatly admired. Later, coaches were used for traveling. Free accommodation was so com mon that no law could make any one pay, unless an agreement was made beforehand, no matter how long the guests stayed. In the city, the streets were ill-paved and poor ly lighted. In the large cities, men went around calling the hour of the night and the condition of the weather. The first church service was held in tents under trees. The next church was made of Wuod in the form o' a square with high and decorated steeples. They were not painted, but "allowed to become brown by the weather. People were summoned to church by a man get ting in the steeple and beating a drum. A certain man went around to the houses when the service tirst started, (which lasted from four to six hours) and forced everybod}' to go to church who were able. The pews were built like closets with shelves for seats. Each pew was as signed by a committee. The best as signed to people of wealth and dig nity. The conduct of the children was, carefully watched by a committee I of men. If they didn't behave, they! were punished publicly after service.) The services lasted all day with a little time for dinner. Prayers lasted | one to two hours. There were no song books. The preacher read lines, then the people repeated it with some kind of a tune, each per son usually having a different tune. The settlers were very economic al and their cnildren were taught likewise. (The above essay was written by Miss Louise Padgett of Trenton, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. M. Padgett. It won the first prize in a contest that was conducted by the Trenton chapter, D. A. H., and was read at the commencement of the Trenton school by Rev. E. C. Bai le^.-Editor Edgefield Advertiser.) FOR SALE-One eleven horse power, twin cylinder, three speed, Harley-Davidson Motor Cycle, in first-class condition. Tires good as new. One extra casing. J. G. HOLLAND. lio- BET S L RS AND KIDNE?S JOHNSTON LETTER. (Continued from First Page,) gave errent events which were very interesting. The mother's hymn closed the meeting. The next meet ing will be at 5 o'clock with Mrs. Herbert Eidson. Gov. Manning visited the high school here on Thursday morning and the pupils felt greatly honored to have him with them. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Goodwyn and Lee Goodwyn of Greenwood were guests in the home of Mr. Owington S. Wertz, on Sunday. Miss Sallie Heyward delighted her grade of the high school on Sat urday by taking them on a picnic to Yonce pond. Every hour brought forth a new pleasure. On the evening of the 24th, a re ception will be held in the Baptist church for the new pastor and his family, and it is hoped that every church member can be present. Cradle roll and Mothers' day ex ercises were held on Sn oday morn ing at the Baptist church and both were beautiful. In the cradle roll j department, Mrs. James White is superintendent, and Mrs. O. D. Black assistant, there being 52 on this roll. The idea of a national mothers' day was organized by Miss Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia the second Sunday in May to be the day, with the white carnation, the designated flower to be worn in honor of mother. On this day acts of kindness are done, letters are written to mothers in far-away lands, sermons preached, and ser vices held in mothers' honor. The Sunday school room was prettily decorated in many carna tions and other white flower-? and conspicuous was the cradle which contained the names of all the ba bies. Misses Marion Mobley and Virgie Courtney had baskets of white flowers which they gave to every one wore the white flower. The exercises began with "Hark the herald angels sing," by the school; vocal solo, "Nobody told me of Jesus," Mary Walker; prater, Mr. S. J. Watson; responsive reading, Mr. M. R. Wright; quartette, "Let me hear the songs my inolhjr used to sing," Mrs. L. C Latimer, M?6S Clara Sawvcr, Messrs. Avery Bland and F. M. Boyd. March by pianist, Mr. Fred Parker, Jr., for classes to form. After classes the exercises were resumed; song by the children "Tis Mothers' Day," reading, "A tribute to mother," Mrs. ,'ioe Her long; welcome to the cradle roll babies." Marion Lewis Lott. Cradle roll report by Mrs. J. H. White and roll call of babies and as each one came up, Mrs. G. P. Cobb pinned on them a white carnation. Little Billie McGarity was placed upon the table and the new motto was displayed, being hung about his shoulders and he made a beautiful picture. Song, "Suffer the children to come to me," the cbildVen; Offeratory, '"Schubert's serenade," Mr. F. L. Parker; vocal solo, "May God and the angels guard you dear, that is your mother's prayer," Miss Sallie Ileyward. Bi bles were now presented to each one of the children who had been pro moted to the first grade during the year. Vocal duet, "My mother's Bible," Mrs. L. C. Latimer, Prof. W. F. Scott; vocal solo, "Mother," Mrs. J. H. White. A memorial was' held for the little ones who had died during the year, during which time "Around the throne of God in heaven," was sung by Mrs, L. 0. Latimer and Miss Sara Carwile. The exercises closed with a prayer by Dr. W. T. Derieux. On Saturday afternoon Mrs. Olin Eidson very pleasantly entertained for her guest, Miss Nell Carter of Westminster. She was assisted by her sister, Miss Eva Rushton in re ceiving and Miss Jessie Rushton carried all to the punch bowl, where fruit nectar was served by Misses Heltij Barr and Annelle Thacker. The table was covered with a handsome lace cloth and was decorated in Dorothy Perkins roses. The pretty flowers were also used to adorn the tables for rook where six games were played after all ar rivals. The score cards were of spring flowers and were given by Master John' Olin Eidson. After the games all enjoyed strawberry cream with silver cake. The time was hap pily spent anfl all were glad to know Miss Carter who is a very sweet and attractive young woman. Thb children of the Confederacy met with Miss Jessie Edwards on Saturday afternoon with a very pleasant meeting. It has been sug gested that the children of the Con federacy should take upas a definite work the e rection of a monument to the youths who volunteered for tue war between the states. This is a work in which this chapter is in terested and will be glad to do their part when this is really begun. The chapter had recently had a so cial evening in which each invited a friend and a delightful time was reported. The following program was arranged by the historian, Miss Frances Turner, the subject being "Memorial day." "Origin of Me morial day," poem, "Decoration j day;" reading, "The cross of hon or;" reading, "A war-time sketch." j Awhile was very pleasantly spent in j a social way and the hostess served tempting refreshments. A Needed Public Improvements A contract has been let to Stew art & Kernaghan for the erection of a public toilet immediately to the rear of the court house. It will be modernly equipped, having the nec essary water supply, sewerage, etc. The expense for the supplying of the public need of long standing will be paid for by the people of the town, the county and the town council, each bearing one-third. En trance to building can be had through the hall of the court house or from Jeter street. How To Give Quinine To Children. FEBRILINE ls the trade-mark name given lo an improved Quinine. It is a Tasteless Syrup, pleas ant to take and does not disturb thc stomach. Children take it and never know it is Quinine. Also especially adapted to adults who cannot take ordinary Quinine. Does not nauseate nor cause nervousness nor ringing in the head. Try it the next time you need Quinine for any pur pose. Ask for 2-ounce original package. The ?ame FEBRILIN5 is blown in bottle. 25 cenU. Honor Roll Lott School. Second Grade-Evelyn Salter, Gertrude Pardue. Ruth Coursey, Elease Franklin, Lewis Jackson. Third Grade-Frontis McGee, Azilee Salter, J. Y. Kimsey, Mar tha Derrick. Fourth Grade-Iona Ripley, Wil lie Coursey. Fifth Grade-Jasper Derrick, Carrie Ouzts, Sadie Franklin. Pearl Frank Franklin. Eighth Grade-Cephas Derrick, Willie Franklin, Hanse Franklin. Unable to Work For Sixteen Months. GREENVILLE MAN SAYS HIS AIL MENTS MADE HIM A COMPLETE WRECK-ALL TREATMENT FAILED. W. R. Henson Says Not Unfil he Took Tanlac Did he Get Relief---Gained 10 Pounds on 3 Bottles. "Tanlac is the best medicine I have ever tried and ir, 1ms improved my health so much that I can work now. Though my ailments had made me a complete wreck and had kept me from working for sixteen (ic) months, declared W. R. Hen eon, a carpenter, who resides on Grove Road, near Augusta St., in the Cherokee park suburb of Green ville, S. C. The case of Mr. Henson is one of the most remarkable; in Greenville which has yet come to the attention of the Tanlao representative. Mr. Henson had kidney and bladder trouble so badly that his health was undermined and his strength was lost. From October,1914, until a few weeks ago, when he -began to take Tanlac, Mr. Henson had been una ble to find anything which would give him satisfactory results, he said, he gained ten (lb) pounds while taking the first three bottles of Tanlac. Just three bottles of "the master medicine" made almost a new man of him, said Mr. Henson, and he is strong and sincere in his praise We have the large: ents in every departir shown. We have ord? Watches, Gold and ? Silverware, Cut Ci lass part ment is filled. It matters not what ; will order it out at once Come in to see us. ? A marked very low, much same class of goods else 70S Broad Street, of this wonderful preparation. He considers remarkable the relief it yave him. Mr. Henson's statement follows: "1 ?iiffered from a very had form of kidney and bladder trouble from October, 1914. I had keen pains in my back and left side. After this trouble hit me, my health gave way completely and I became loo weak to work. I did nothing but the lightest kind of work around the house until after I began talcing Tanlac. I lost much weight as a result of my ailments, and I had absolutely no energy. One of the most distressing symptoms I had was that I had absolutely no control over the bladder muscles. . "I sought treatment from many qualified persons andi was told that I had catarth of the bladder. I also tried many medicines but ob tained no satisfactory results in any case until I began Tanlac. "My daughter had hpen for some time an interested reader of the tes timonials of those who had been aided by Tanlac, and she finally convinced me that Tanlac was the medicine I needed. It was exactly the medicine I needed, as later was proved. ''Tanlac gave me wonderful re lief. I gained t*n (lu) pounds and have taken only three bottles. I can do much work now, and, as an illustration of the heavy work I can do, I today lifted a heavy piece of timber and carried it across the lot. That shows how much my strength has increased. I work a great deal more now than I have for sixteen months-since this trouble hit me. I feel so much better in every way. If it had not been for Tanlac I guess I would be in bad ahape now sure enough. "It certainly does make me feel so good to be able to work again. I am much livelier now, and my kid neys have been regulated and strengthened. That is the very thing which makos rae happy-my greatest trouble bas been relieved by Tanlac. "Yes, I certainly can recommend Tanlac. lt is the best medicine I have ever tried. I have taken three bottles and I know it is do ing for me what it is advertised to do-and more." Tanlac, the master medicine, is sold exclusively b.t Penn & Hoi- - stein, Ridgefield; Johnston Drug Co., Johnston; G. W. Wise, Tren -. ton. Price: $1.00 per boUle straight* -Adv. I E N will find in MOZLEY'S LEMON ELIXIR, ths ideal laxative, a pleas ant and thoroughly reliable remedy, without the least danger or possible harm to them in ?ny condition pecu liar to themselves. Pleasant in taste, mild in action and thorough in results. 50c. and $1.00 a Bottle Mozley's Lemon Elixir "ONE DOSE CONVINCES" S-ST Sold and recommended by Penn & Holstein, Edgefield, S. C. R E L st assortment of pres lent that' we have ever ered largely of Clocks. Jilver Jewelry, Sterling and Cliina. Every de you want we Wive it or Ve have our entire stock lower than you find the vhere. , Augusta, Georgia