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?s* Newspaper So toto VOL. 80 EDGEFIELD, S. C., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1915 MO. 32 BEST RAIL GRINDER SIMPLE MACHINE SAID TO DC PERFECT WORK. So Light That lt May Be Lifted From the Track and Replaced With a Minimum of Interruption to Road's Traffic. The accompanying illustratior! shows a very simple electric grinder developed at London, Eng. The ma chine is so light that it can be instant ly taken off the rail on the approach of a car and be put to work again in the space of about thirty seconds. Therefore, it may be operated without interfering in the least with the regu lar service during the day. The ordi nary rail grinders have to be used at night after the car traffic is stopped as they are so heavy and unwieldy as to call for a clear track and uninter rupted operation, which means night work and extra pay for foreman and operators. It is claimed that night grinding re sults in some very indifferent work, the fitful light being responsible for disastrous "cuts" in the rail so that more harm may be done to rails than if they were left alone. When one considers that much of the grinding must not exceed l-100th part part of an inch, it must be admitted chat such a delicate operation should be done only under good light conditions. This electric rail grinder utilizes the human sense of touch in graduating the grinding force of the emery wheel. The depth of the "cut" is regulated by the pressure of the operator's hands on the shafts, and he is made uncon sciously aware of the depth of the "cut" by the vibrations conducet along the arms of the machine. The success ful "cut ' should die out imperceptibly about Iii to 18 inches away from the joint, on either side. The machine has a simple frame work of ash providing a seating at one end for the motor. As the motor is close to its work, a low horse-power is sufficient to drive the grinding wheel. The motor is supplied with current from the overhead wire. A starter box is placed between the two arms, and a switch is located near the right handle. There is an automatic "cut-out" used in connection with the starter so arranged that should the operator at tempt to take a deeper "cut" than is advisable, the current is automatically cut off and the machine stopped. The machine will grind out corrugations equally as well as defectivo joints, and will smooth 10 to 15 feet an hour, ac cording to depth and freedom from Interruption. By a slight tilting of the machine one side of the rail can be ground more than the other if required. -Scientific American. NOT THE FAULT OF RAILROAD No Blame Can Be Attached to Man agement for Deaths of Nineteen Persons in 1914. If every one of the million trains op erated on one single system in 1914 had arrived and departed on time, each one moving over its own partic ular route without a semblance of a train accident, nineteen persons, classed in the interstate commerce commission's accident reports as pas sengers, would have been killed; but not a passenger was killed in a train accident on the 26,198 miles of track. How the nineten persons lost their lives: Six by falling, jumping or slip- ; ping from moving cars or trains; two : by attempting to get on moving trains; two by slipping off station plat forms in front of trains; two by stand ing too close to edges of station plat forms and being struck by trains; one by jumping off ferry boat; one by throwing himself between cars of mov ing train; three by crossing tracks at stations in front of trains; one struck by coach and thrown under train; one when assaulted by another passenger and thrown from train. The railroad was powerless to prevent the fatali ties. Center for Railroad Ties. The place from which more railroad ties are shipped than from any other In the United States is Reeds Springs, Mo., in the Ozarks. Tie hewers get form twelve to sixteen cents a tie, according to the hardness of the wood. ACCIDENTS Cri THE DECREASE Reports Made to Interstate Commerce Commission Show Most Gratify ing State cf Affairs. Reports made to the interstate com merce commission by the steam ri reads of the country pursuant to law covering the quarter ending March ' . shows that C5 persons were killed an/1 1,072 injured in train accidents for the quarter. Compared with the same , - riod the preceding year this was a do crease of nearly 100 per cent in the fatalities and of more thr.a 5 per cc:;: ir the accidents reporting simply in juries. There was also a considerable do crease in the number of other acci dents, including these of employees engaged in other work than the opera tion of trains, classed as "industrii-.i , accidents." There were fewer railway accidents in the first quarter of the present year thar, for tho corresponding period of last year. Altogether the report is an excel lent showing for the railways, proving that railway travel is becoming safer every year. The report shows that 74.8 per cent of the derailments were due, the commission finds, to defective roadway and defective equipment. Of the accidents due to defective road-: way about 21.2 per cent were caused by broken rails, and of the derailments due to defective equipment 28 per cent were caused by defective or broken wheels. SIGNAL LAMPS IN DAYLIGHT; Their Use on Electric Railroads Es-1 pecially Has Been Made an Object of Much Study. The use of signal lamps for daytime signaling on electric railroads, as well as for night signals, thus dispensing with semaphores and operating me chanism, has been the subject of extensive experiments and study lately. j The recent introduction of hooded lamps and the development of the I lenses and artificial backgrounds has gone a long way in placing this sim ple equipment far ahead of the old style moving mechanisms and sema phore movements over the face ol a staiionory light. The first signal system based on scientific principles, for both day and night service, was on the Brooklyn bridge in 1907. The signals had five- j inch lenses, giving both red and green Indications, and were equipped with j ten-inch hoods. These lights were not I equipped with any artificial back ground. Behind the lenses were mount ed 16-candlepower lamps. These proved only partly satisfactory, and from then until 1911 there were but few attempts to use lights for day time signaling. In 1912 the use of deeper hoods, artificial backgrounds and the strong white light of the tungsten lamps so improved the signal as to provide the first long-range Indications under the mest severe daylight conditions. The latest development of this phase of railroad signaling is the suc cessful installation and operation of more than fifty miles of these signals on the system of the Indiana Traction company. These signals have 40-watt lamps and eight-inch hoods, and in daytime the signal indications can be read clearly at 3,500 feet and at night more than 2.5 miles.-World's Ad vance. Expensive Locomotives. Specifications for the 400 locomo tives recently ordered by the Russian government call for copper fire boxes. It will require 1,600 tons, or 3,200,000 pounds, of copper to make these fire boxes. In this country the railroads ute boilers made wholly of steel. They could use copper for the lower part of the boilers, but this would only add to the expense of the locomotives. The question has been asked, Why should Russia not content herself with steel instead of copper? Engineers say that Russia has used the copper fire boxes so long that she wants no other kind. They say that the climatic conditions in Russia do not preclude the use of all-steel boilers. Anyway, Russia will have 1,600 tons of copper which she would not otherwise have had. She may eventually do what the Germans were reported to have done, to replen ish ammunitions shells; that is, strip the locomotives of their copper fire boxes and substitute iron boxes. New York Times. REALLY MATTER ?F BLUFF Just How Most of Public Pests Secure Immunity From Merited Retribution. Once upon a time there was a deg whose delight it was to bark at the moon. He knew nothing discret;?able concerning thc moon, but felt, that he just naturally must shew his su periority. Sc he yapped and yowled ar?d called it names and made faces r<i it by the hour. All this caused the other animals great annoyance, and at last they held an indignation meeting. "Something muse be done!" was die general opinion. "Let us clo it by tak ing ibis measly nuisance out to some secluded spot and abating him in a thorough and permanent manner!" 'clay!" spoke the hog. "Let us not act hastily. ? traveled widely in my yr unger days, appearing in tho dime museums all over the lend as the just ly celebrated educated pig. I have looked this matter up. It is true that the varr:int u::d?r discussion is an abomination. Still, he is one of the pests to whom all the rest of creation appear to feel compelled to give ear aud deference-men call them reform ers or agitators, or statesmen, as tte case may be. As I understand it. there is no way of stopping I113 bark ing rf the moon except by paying him to quit. And that, aias! would not give us permanent relief, for as soon as he had spent cur money he would find something else to howl about, and we should have to buy him ?ll over a:?ain." Morrl-From this we should learn that the average pest secures Immu nity from retribution because' he has U? bluffed.-Judge. MATTER CF JUSTICE FIRST Vermont Judge Had Little Use for Lc^?i Quibbles That Amounted to Nothing. Tlie Central Law Journal says thai Theophilus Harrington, a Vermont judge in the early part of the last cen tury, was a mau who loved the right and cared little for mere legal quib bling. "If justice controls your ver dict," he would often say to the jury, "you will not miss the general prin ciples of the law." At one trial when the possession of a farm was in ques tion the defendant offered a deed of the premises to which the plaintiff's lawyer, Daniel Chipman, objected be cause it had no- seal. "But your client sold the land, was paid for it and signed the deed, did he not?" asked the judge. "That makes no difference," said Chipman, "the deed has no seal and cannot be admitted in evidence." "Is anything else the matter with the deed?" asked the judge. "I don't know that there is." ittjg "Mr. Clerk," said the judge, "gijfi me a wafer and a three-cornered pie^H of paper." The clerk obeyed, and the judge de-' liberately made and affixed the seal. "There, Brother Chipman," said he, "the deed is all right now. It may be put in evidence. A man is not going to be cheated out of his farm in this court when there is a whole box of wafers on the clerk's desk." A Mistake in Scott. Novel readers who bke to combine the classic with the topical may be ! turning back, now that another great ! chapter in the history of Constanti nople is opening, to one of Scott's less ?popular works, "Count Robert of Paris." And there they will find one of those curious slips, analogous to j the indy novelist's horse that won the j Derby three years running and the eclipse of the sun in "King Solomon's Mines" followed by a moonlight aight. Scott's slip is more excusable, seeing that he had not seen Constan tinople, but it cannot be explained away. Sir Edwin Pears, while testi fying that Scott's descriptions are upon the whole singularly exact, ob serves that he makes the Crusaders wait before crossing a bay on the Bosporus until the tide has .ebbed. Now there is no tide in either tho Bosphorus or the Marmora. Eyes Stand the Strain. The number of persons wearing glasses is often taken to mean that eyes are deteriorating. But scientific opinion does not hold to this view. So far as science knows there has been no change in the structure of the hu man body in historic times. Examination of the eyes of Indian students in schools shows as large a proportion with defective vision as of white pupils. Several years ago aia oculist measured the refraction of the eyes of many wild animals in the Bronx Zoo of New York. Their eyes proved to be as defective as the eyes of human beings. Nature is often a bit careless in its work. But there ls no evidence that its optical glass is breaking down under the strain im posed by ^?*?tation. Life and Death. The final use of the greateut men of a nation is, after all, not with refer ence to their deeds in themselves or their direct bearing on their times or lands. The final use of a heroic, emi nent life-especially of heroic, emi nent death-is its indirect filtering into the nation and the race and to give, often at many removes, but un erringly, age after age, color and fiber j to the personalism of the youth and maturity of that age and of mankind. . . . The dramatic deaths of every j nationality are its most important in heritance value--In some respects be yond its literature and art.-Walt Whitman. / mae! 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Yet we have decided to sell it to everyone everywhere on our famous payment, plan-17 cents a d*y! Now every user can easily afford to have the world's crack visible writer, with the famoua PRINTYPE, that writes like print, included FREE if desired. TO-DA Y-Write for Full Details ists, employers, and individuals everywhere are flocking to the Oliver. Just mail a postal at once. No obligation. It's a pleasure for us to tell you about it The Oliver Typewriter Co., ??&* You can rent the Oliver Typewriter three (3) months for $4.00 Oliver Typewriter Bldg., Chicago, Illinois Thirty-three companies operating in this State and we are SECOND iii the race outheastern Life C. M. MELLICHAMP, Agent GEO. F. MIMS OPTOMETRIST Eyes examined and glasses fitted only when necessary. Optical work of all kinds. EDGEFIELD, S. C. S. M. Whitney Co. Cotton Factors Augusta.? Georgia Established 1868 Personal Attention to all Business. Correspond ence Invited