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MAKE USE OF OLD BICYCLE iPower for an Emery Stone May Be Ob tained by Using Discarded Parts of Velocipede. An old bicycle may be used to fur ?nisb power for an emery stone. It .can be rigged up on the frame of an old grindstone, or something slmi ilar. The large sprocket and pedals 'are placed between the two 1 by 4's .of the grindstone frame, as in the drawing, the hub, on either side, fitting into large holes bored into these cross pieces, writes Floyd C. Miller of Inola, Okla., in Farmers Mail ami Breeza The counter shaft is placed below the top of the frame. The mandrel ls Power for Emery Wheel. raised about 3 inches 60 the stone will not rub against the counter shaft. If there are no boxings handy, good ones may be made from maple, or other close grained wood, -and babbitted. A is the emery stone, B the counter shaft, C small sprocket on the stone shaft, D large bicycle sprocket, D sprocket chain, and F the bicycle sad dle. VALUE OF PLOW AND HARROW In Purchasing Implements for th? Farm Their Construction Should Be Carefully Studied. (By H. G. WEATHERSTONE.) The value of a plow or other farm implement consists of its doing the thing we want it to do. The plow with a light draft simply turns and cuts the furrow with the least resist ance, resulting in very smooth work to look upon, but its effect upon the soil is not nearly so valuable as that of the plow that runs harder and gives more resistance to the soil and breaks it up finer. The plow that has a harder draft goes through the soil and not only breaks it up and turns a fur row, but in the process it grinds and pulverizes it into smaller particles. The more . horoughly the soil is broken up, the more the plant food is made availabi and plant food is what we are after. In purchasing plows we want to study their construction with this in mil c. The same apples to the selection of the harrow. Tl:- harrow that has an easy draft cannc. do as good work as one that moves more soil and runs v-??t_'i>?r>rA harrow should do smooth work and*"Tncorpcrate the vegetable matter and fertilizers with the soil in a uniform manner. The function of the harrow is to still further reduce and refine soil par ticles, because in every process of re finement we are getting at the plant food which is still so abundant in our soil. On the average farm where there are various types of soil, a disk har row, a spring tooth harrow and a smoothing harrow are practical neces sities. It is worse than folly for farm ers to spend for commercial fertilizers or chemical plant foods until they have first made use of that which is so plentiful in their own soi! at the pres ent time. . I am a firm friend of f :!ili>:ers but I do not believe in buying them until we have made use of every method of getting at the plant food already con tained in our soils. GROWING RUSSIAN CA3B.A?E Conspicuous Because lt Requires Two Weeks' Less Time to Mature Than Other Varieties. Among the maturing varieties of cabbage the Volga, a. comparatively new sort in America, is conspicuous because it requires about, two weeks' less time than other varieties of this class to mature, says Farm and Fire side. Concerning it the late C. L. Al lon, whose book on cabbage, c. uli fiower and allied plants is the ac knowledged authority, writes: "This new Russian variety is of the greatest uniformity. In a field of several acres frequently not a ?jingle plant shows any variation from a true and valua ble type. In some respects it is a vegetable wonder, as the heads are about equal in size and shape, weigh ing from 12 to 15 pounds each, round as a ball, the largest measuring about 12 inches in diameter either way. Un like most varieties, the heads are per fectly solid, and the stem does not run up into the head; the flesh is exceed ingly firm, tender and white. In re spect to hardiness, we have never seen a type which would favorably com pare." Feed Calves In Stanchions. Calves should be fed in a stanchion so constructed as to prevent them from sucking each others' ears after they have drunk their milk. The feed ing of grain by placing a little before them after every meal of milk will also discourage the desire to suck the ears of the calf in the next stanchion. Proper Pruning. When pruning, have a reason for every cut made and cut close to the limb or trunk. Leave no stubs. What He Considers Its Real Meaning Pointed Out by an Authority. [By Charles Stelzle, Church Effici ency Expert and Consulting Sociolo gist; Formerly Head of the Social Service Bureau of the Presbyterian Church.] It is beginning to dawn upon some of us that the church hasn't a monop oly of all the Christianity in the world. The church undoubtedly became the custodian of what Christianity there was 2,000 years ago. although it must be confessed tbat even ;.h<-!i it hadn't a monopoly of all of it any more than | it has today. But the teachings o? i Jesus were so much bigger and^ so much more significant than anything that had been taught up to that time that the church which Jesus estab lished through his disciples at once stood in a peculiar way for Christian principles. Since those days the very truth which the church taught has influ enced vast areas outside of itself. This truth waa so broad and compre hensive in its application that men outside the church began to appropri ate it without accepting the church itself. Now the church is simply a ' means to an end. The church is not an end in itself. The people tire the end of its endeavors. The moment that the church sets up its organiza-1 tlon or its machinery or its member-1 ship roll as the supreme thing, that i moment lt will lose its grip on the I world. This is precisely what has happened ? in some instances. The church sought ! to perpetuate itself through denomi national enterprises with narrow sec tarian teachings, and men lost inter est in it. Denominations undoubtedly have a legitimate place at this period in the church's history. What will happen to most of them In the future no man dares prophesy. Sometimes, ', when the discouraging features tn the social, the economic and the political world are discussed, somebody within the church of Christ is sure to win." True enough, but what is the church of Christ? D?nominations! History. If by the church or Christ one meanB the Methodist church, or the Baptis; church, the Presbyterian, the Congre gational, the Episcopal or the Catholic church, I'm not so sure about it. The history of the denominations in every age has demonstrated that God is not limited in his plans by the prevailing denomination or communion. Always has he raised up other leaders and churches to carry out ' his purpose, when those in existence proved them selves too narrow or too inefficient. He may yet again raise up still anoth er movement, and this very movement may become the real "church" of Christ. Surely this cannot be denied \ by those who themselves owe their origin as a church to certain situa tions which seemed to call for their or ganization. The peculiar thing about some of the present denominations among the churches is that their founders never dreamed that the movements which they established would ever develop into full-fledged, distinct church organ izations. They each of them stood for some neglected truth and preached it with great earnestness, and usually in spite of the fiercest opposition. Soon they had a strong following; not always made up of the great ones of the earth, either. This was notably true of the Church which the imme diate disciples of Jesus established. Not many great ones, not many mighty, were identified with it. lt was composed for the most part of working men and slaves. It had a strong grip upon those ?denti?ied with the great labor guilds ol' that day. First Followers of Christ. Indeed, so plainly is this revealed in history that some students of eco nomic aud social conditions of that period have insisted that Paul and some of the other followers of Jesus were leaders in the labor guilds of that day, and that the church was actually a great movement in behalf of laboring men. One can easily im agine that this was true when one considers the character of its earl iest constituents. Who knows what influences are at work today to challenge the church of the twentieth century? And is it not apparent that whatever these influ ences may be they are social in their character? The next great revival will have as its emphasis the social gospel of Jesus-that great forgotten truth taught so clearly by the founder of C'.'.ristianity. Perhaps there's In training somewhere a group of men and v. omen who will soon proclaim the new message which will give the church the greatest opportunity for service that it has ever enjoyed, or which will crush it BO thal it may make way for the greater church which is sure to come. Justice ss Well as Mercy. The love which provides an atone ment ls a tar surer basis of faith than the love s.liich would forgive without atonement. Our assurance, and peace rest on thc justice of God no less than on the mercy and love of God.-Se lected. W;.;l<ing With God. "If you c? ?mot be anything, be a mystic; walli with God: do his will; set your hand to his plow and help prepare his earth for his coming com monwealth."-Edwin A. flu m ball. EFFECTIVE TRAPS FOR RATS Useful Around Corn Cribs, Barns and Other Farm Buildings-Rodents Cannot Escape. The Burmese use an ingenious and simple method ol' trapping rats. A jar with a weighted cover is sunk into the ground. A hole is punched in the side of the jar on a level with the surface of the ground and -just large enough to admit a good, big rat. It is not necessary to use a poison in the jar for the purpose of killing the rats, for the rodents can not get out of the jar and may easily Burme6e Rat Trap. be drowned. A bait of cheese or some other food which rats are fond of will attract the rats by Its odor. This kind of a trap ls very effective around barns, corn cribs, sheds and other outbuildings. VARIOUS SOILS FOR WHEAT Moisture Content, Especially During Period When Crain ls Filling, Affects the Quality. (By R. W. THATCHER.) There is a quite common idea that the difference in quality of wheat grown in different localities is due to the effect of the different soil types upon the composition. In order to ascertain whether this be true the writer, in an experiment conducted in another state, shipped soil from each of two localities, wher3 wheat of widely different quality ij grown, to the other, and after carefully placing the soil back into as nearly its natural condition as possible, planted seed wheat from each locality upon both the native and the transferred soil at both places. This was repeated for two years, and each year the wheat was of one quality when grown at one place, regardless of the kind of soil upon which it ,','rew, and of a dif 1 ferent quality when grown at the other place. Further, the whe -.t \ which grew on the different soils, at : either place, was aa nearly alike as any two samples grown on adjacent plots of the same soil were found to be. A similar experiment which is being conducted by the United State? depart ment of agriculture, in which soil has* been shipped from Virginia and Cal I ifornia to Kansas, and from Kansas and California to Virginia, and seeded j to wheat in the same wy, is giving precisely similar results. It appears, therefore, that the composition of tho soil has very little influence upon the quality of the wheat which grows on : it. The moisture content of soil, es , pecially during the period when tho ; grain is filling, does have a very ! marked effect upon the quality of the . wheat. POTATO BUGS ON EGGPLANTS Ordinary Wire Screening Placed Over Each Plant ls Most Effective Means of Protection. One vegetable that potato bugs like better than potatoes is the eggplant, says Agriculturist. You may pick the marauders twice a day, but even then i they often get the better of the suc i culent plants. An effective method of meeting the situation is to protect the plants by covering. Cut ordinary wire screen, such as is used tor win dows, into the proper form to mako j cones (a semi-circle) and fasten to gether by sewing with fine wire. Ap ply a coat of thin paint for their pres ervation and set one over each plant. The patch of August Graff of Ulster county. X. Y., certainly shooed well the difference between protected and unprotected plants, in spite of dili gent efforts to save the latter. The covered plants seemed also to be bene ficed by the slight shading during their i early growth. ? The wire coner! cost money, it is j true. Mr. Graf? invested $32 in tho i material for f>00 covers. However, ; one or two good eggs from each plant ? will cover the cost. The cones may j be used year after year. This device on first sight appears impractical, but on actual test it has proved a money I maker. Great Value of Silo. Has your farm a silo? If not. you had better enlighten yourself more concerning their great value in the dairying business. A silo enables the farmer to store a greater amount of feed in less space than he can other wise do. It requires double the amount of space to store the same amount of dry nutrients and rough age. Poultry Feeding Notes. Where the dry feed system is adopt ed, the fowls should be watered at the time they are fed Then- is not much danger of over fattening the laying hen. Von cRTinot offend the hen hy giving he:* ;1 dish of buttermilk. Soft fnor! incre:is<\s egg production. Great Commandment to His Chil dren ls to Love Him, and Thy Neighbor as Thyself. Christ declared that toe great com mandment is, "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind." "And thc second is like unto it, Thoa shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." The law of love is as prac ticable now as it ever was. The Ameri cans o? today are not lower In the scale of life than were the Jews to whom Christ spoke the law. If there is any truth in evolution, men are better today than then. If there is any hope in civilization, men are botter today in the republic than they were then, under the Roman em pire. The Jews of today are equal to the Jews of Christ's day. and we are not willing to admit that the Jews of today are better than the American citizens of today. If there ls any pow er in the Christian religion, then the Christians of today are equal to the Jews of Christ's day, and he gave the law to his countrymen. If centuries mean degeneracy; if the Christian re ligion breeds men of less character and caliber than Judaism breeds, then we may shrink from a law given in Palestine centuries ago. Begins With Loving God. The question concerning the second law arises because we break the first law. The man who loves God supreme ly will have little trouble in loving his neighbor as himself. The man who is indifferent to God, or rebellious against God, cannot love his neighbor. The man who loves God supremely can. God loves men. The men who love God look upon men as he looks upon them. Not to love one's neighbor as one's self simply proclaims that I am so much better than my neighbor that I am worthy of more love. I care more for my mirror than for my window. I find virtues in myself that are miss ing in my neighbor. In my judgment he is my inferior and so unworthy of unequal love. TraitB of character that are worthy of love in me are worthy of love Ul him, and if I cannot love thrm in him. it must bu because they are lacking in him. Such an attitude of mind makes it very hard for my neighbor to love me. Not loving him, I become unlovely. A crost-t-yed man is not pleasing, and self-love ls being spiritually cross-eyed. Love calls for love, egotism calls for contempt and you get what you call for. Test Shows the Real Man. In the supreme moments of life men do love their neighbors better than themselves. When the ocean steamer is sinking a real man steps aside for the weaker woman and child. If we could live on the same high level on tho sea of time the question of practicability would never arise. The soldier loves his country better than he loves himself, and his country is Bimply the sum total of his neigh bors. The fireman loves the unknown man or woman in peril better than he loves himself. Men, like violins, need to be strung up to get the music out of them. Men. like mines, need to be mined to get the treasure out of them. Men, like diamonds, need to be pol ished to get the beauty out of them. Left alone, the grape withers or rots; crushed, it gives wine. Men need to bo crushed to get the real juice out. Hut crushing would not frop the juice if it were not there. What a man is at his best that ls he in reality. Christ commandod us to love our neighbors as ourselves. He knew men. Unless we are less men now than those he faced it is practicable now. Under pressure when a man is at his best he does love his neigh bor better than himself. Pressure breaks the skin of egotism and frees the juice of altruism, revealing tho Juice and seeds ol' the real man. SUNDAYGRAMS Ornateness is a sin of commission barrenness of omission. The childish is often the ornate. It is generally the disjointed. Ornamentation for its'own sake is crude, barbaric or childish. Nail your flag to the masthead ami go to it in the name of the Lord. True beauty is only embodied in the simple-Grecian art is an example. The words "onrbarlc and childish" are near synonyms. Simple and child ish are opposites. Simplicity means the wholly essen tial-as the essential is profound, sim plicity is profound. The connection of simplicity with I childishness in the popular mind has caused much confusion. Repentance. The time ls coming when Jesus Christ will be worth more than ten thousand worlds like this. Jesus Christ is the ark that God has pro vided. Friends, will you come into the ark or will you die outside lt? That is for you to settle. Men may cavil as much as they please and say they do not believe these things, but do you know the average life of man is only thirty-three years? It ia an Inch of time and eternal ages roll on. It Is but a shadow and a vapor and we are gone. If God spared not the angels when they foll from their first estate and cast thom out; if God spared not Adam; but turned him out of Ed 3?; do you think ho will spare '' you if you reject this salvation and I this offer of mercy?-Dwight L Moody. VOL. 79. EDGEFIELD, S. C., \#DNESDAY, JULY 1, 1914 NO. 15.