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dr O much has been caid and written in recent years about the woeful waste of the logging and lumbering methods pursued in the United States that the average person without" a very intimate knowledge feels sure that the case must be exaggerated. And in some degree he is right. Great as have been the sins of the timber har vesters who have gar 5 nered the wealth of our forests with a free hand, they have scarcely been guilty in the measure that has been charged in some quarters. And, moreover, there la ro doubt but that in most cases the prodigal policy has been the resuU of ignorance rather than prompted by a wanton spirit as some of the critics would have us believe. The general public has heard most regarding the wastefulness and extravagance of American methods of lumbering since the development within the past few years of the movement in behalf of the conservation of our natural resources. However, for years before that crusade began, and with redoubled energy since, returned European travelers have been exclaiming upon the contrast between forestry methods in the old world and the new. Now, it has been very impressive to hear how in France and Germany great forests are culti vated with the care of a well-ordered garden, and how even the twigs that fal' from the trees are picked up and sold for fuel, but as a matter of fact the boasted German methods of forestry would not be at all suited to the United States. However, for all that, as has been hinted, there are two sides to this question of the wasteful American methods of lumbering, the fact remains that our people have not made the most of tho priceless heritage of our for ests. Nor has all the fault in this respect been at the door of the professional lumber men who, given a seemingly almost inexhaust able source of supply, naturally gained a con tempt for small sources of waste. In some measure responsible, also, have been the farmers who were the pioneers in the settle ment of the various sections of our country. Eager to clear the land they had taken up and to get to the actual work of tilling the soil, these settlers were prone in many instances to think only of the quickest and cheapest ways of getting rid of the timber. In many cases they took no pains to get the most out i ' the standing timber or to so cut it that a maximum yield would be Insured. It ls the professional lumbermen who have, figuratively speaking, slashed right and left without much regard to consequences in get ting out their timber. Trees have been felled without the proper regard to the damage done to other forest monarchs in-the crash of the heavy trunks to earth, and logs have been "snaked" or dragged out of the forest with few, if any. precautions against damage to the young growth-the source of the lumber sup ply of tomorrow. Added to these, and worse than all elBe In effect, ls the deadly destruc tion wrought by forest fires. These wholesale annihilations of standing timber have been largely traceable to human carelessness and shortsightedness-carelessness In extinguish ing camp fires and other forms of human neg ligence that precipitate the fires, and short sightedness In not providing adequate alarm systems and fire-fighting facilities to combat the flames, once they have gained headway. A very spectacular form of lumber waste, and one that never falls to astound Europeans who tour the United States, is the lavish use made of marketable timber In providing facil ities for logging operations. In the states of Oregon ard Washington, for instance, there m?r be seen In the lumber regions ponderous brruges, the piers of which are formed from crossed loss placed criss-cross on top of one another. It ls no exaggeration to say that ruch a bridge contains the makings of lumber sufficient to build all the houses and other frame structures In a good-sized village. An other utill".y of the American logging system Bullet Wound Sa Remarkable Result of Old-Time Com* bat ?n So-Called "Field of Honor." Alexander Grallhe fought two duels at The Oaks, with consequences which were remarkable, though he came off second best in both, relates the New Orleans Picayune. The first of these duels was with M. Augustin, who after ward became district judge and gen eral of the Louisiana Legion. Augus tin ran and the between last he was bc Compile gery wj doctor? matter ( die. H< him froi Colonel The Truth About Ta Or. Prochnow Gives an Analysis of Canine's Performance In Germany. For several months a dog named "Don," which according to newspaper report, actually speaks or articulates words, nas been exhibited in Germany. Dr. Prochnow, In a recent Issue of Dio Umschau, gives an analysis of the that consumes a surprising quantity of ma terial is the "skid road" -which forms the artery of commerce between a logging scene and the nearest loading point on the railroad. A "skid road" may be several miles in length and lt is composed throughout this en tire length of logs or greased skids placed crosswise of the highway to fo.-m a smooth and comparatively level pathway over or along which the logs fresh from the forest are dragged by a heavy steel cable attached to a donkey engine of several hundred horse power. Similarly the familiarity that breeds contempt has prompted many of the loggers to act as spendthrifts in the use of large and sound logs to form a skidded platform, load )ng stage, etc., at the railroad siding where the logs are placed aboard tk^e cars that are to carry them to the mills. To pursue this same subject further there might be cited the immense amounts of lumber that have been used in the construction of the flumes or artificial canals mounted on trestlework In which logs are floated when other means of transportation are not available, some of Lves Life his sword into Grailhe's lungs latter hovered for a long time life and death, and when at did come out of his room he ?wed like an octogenarian, atlons bad ensued and sur is not what it is now. The declared that it was only a )f a short time until he would Dwever, that did not prevent tn getting Into a quarrel with Mandeville de Marlngy and challenging him j fought at The Oi were pistols at 15 two shot?, advance at will. At the fli forward pierced b which struck the Augustin's sword ringy, pistol in hai utaioBt limit, whei suffering Intense again; you have a Ingy raised his pi the air, saying: fallen foe." Grailh liking Dogs rformance. He finds that the eply to questions barks a re whlch can be interpreted as " ..ruhe," or "kuchen," indi bat he ls hungry, sleepy, or biscuit. Don seldom answers r and correctly.~a?d evidently : understand the meaning of itions. He does not even ut own name correctly, as ie cannot press his enough against hil the true sound of sound is likewise the name is a mot indistinct vowel. "Don." To the qi du?" Don respond< of which suggeste ger." The word 'hr almost as a monosj distinct vowels, s little from "Don." en" and "ruhe" we rvods SA f A these flumes being 40 miles In len?tQ 9n? costing nearly as much as a railroad. Perhaps the greatest hue and cry that has been precipitated by any phase of America's wasteful lumbering methods has gone up as a result of the plan employed In felling the giant trees of the Pacific northwest It is one of the first principles of the new con servative policy of lumbering that the sever ing of the trunk of a tree by sawing or chop ping should be done at a point as near to the ground as possible, so that the waste rem nant in the form of the stump should be re duced to a minimum. No wonder, then, that people who are of this way of thinking gasp with astonishment when they go to northern California and the famous Puget Sound coun try and witness the methods of felling trees In vogue in this region, so plentifully endowed with timber wealth. The timber "jacks" of this favored region, far from attempting to make their "cut" as near the ground as possible, are not even content to stand on the ground and swing their axes on a level with their waists, as did io a duel. It was iks. The weapons paces, each to have i five paces and fire st shot Grailhe fell y Maringy's bullet, exact place where had entered. Ma id, advanced to the i Grailhe, although pain, said, "Shoot nother shot." Mar stol and fired Into "I never strike a e was carried home more dead than alive, but ii sinking rapidly, began to m some time afterward walkei his room as erect as ever i regained his health and stat lng. Maringy's bullet had pe ..he abscess which threatened ?nd made an exit by whlct drained and his life saved. Noiseless Lawn Mower "My noiseless lawn mowers ly remarked a suburbanite t ltor, pointing to a cage full c pigs. "When I get a few s long tongue firmly 3 teeth to produce "d." The vowel imperfect, so that losyliable, and with "Wow" as like ?estion, "Was hast ;d with barks, some d the word "hun iben" was "spoken" 'liable, and with in o that it differed The words "kuch re also much :Jike, as the 'ch, ' "h," and "n" we tlnct, and the initial consonai almost imperceptible. The jr ness of the "r" is surprising, dogs produce this sound in1 tty. In Dr. Prochow's opin differs from other dogs onl more highly developed imltati ty and by the ability to prod oral peculiar combinations ol which suggest spoken word shows no evidence of extra mental ability, and often ans correctly. the old-time lumbermen of MaiDe and Michi gan. Instead, these Pacific coast fellows con struct a "shelf" on the side of the tree to be felled and at such a height that the cheeping and sawing Is done at a point at least ten or twelve feet above ground. The result ?3, of course, to leave a huge stump containing enough material to build a small house. The lumbermen justify their action by the tradi tion that the "swell" at the base of one of these big trees is of Inferior material-pre sumably too poor to bother with. However, most of the expert foresters of the country say that this ?3 not true, at least not in the majority of cases and that this method of mutilating timber in the cutting ls a flag rantly wasteful one. One of the most seriously wasteful methods of lumbering In vogue In the United States looked at from the standpoint of future gener ations-ls the practice pf taking from a forest annually an amount of lumber far In excess of new growth. Obviously this will serve to either speedily wipe out a forest or else to render lt of little value for many years to come, whereas lt might be made to serve as a regular and permanent source of Income. Indeed, this plan of intelligent harvesting of the timber with reference to the supply of fu ture years is what renders so steadily profit able the admirably conducted forests of Ger many and Switzerland. Of course the American lumberman is en gaged in logging as a source of livelihood anc' his main defense against every charge of wasteful lumbering is that there is so mud timber in proportion to the population that It does not pay, as a business proposition, to take any more than the better part of each tree felled. Unquestionable there is a grain of truth in this, provided a lumberman ls thinking only of prosperity In the present ger? eration. but at the same time there is much waste in lumbering that is not only unneces sary but is actually costly to the lumberman himself. However, conservative lumbering is making headway and ls supplanting the old wasteful methods in many sections of the country. The new Ideas of conservative lum bering are based on three principles. First, the forest is treated as a working capital the purpose of which is to produce successive crops. Second, a systematic working plan Is followed In harvesting the forest crop. Third, the work in the woods ls carried on in such manner as to leave the standing trees and the young growth as nearly unharmed by the lumbering as is possible. In the actual oper ations of tree felling the new policy calls for greater care, so that no tree trunk may be split or broken in falling and likewise are there precautions so that the bark of valuable standing trees will not be rubbed or torn by the tree trunks that are being "skidded" out of the forest. Finally a ban has been placed on the wasteful practice of cutting promising young trees for corduroy or skids simply be cause these happen to be convenient and are straight Under the old plan the waste does not end when a log gets to the saw mill. There is a further loss of nearly all the slabs and edgings and all the sawdust not used for fuel, so that lt ls doubtful If more than half of the cubic contents of the standing tree la finally used. going tc hire them out to the gol! club to keep the green clipped. ^ "I put a low barrier of wire netting around the lawn that I want cut and then turn In the guinea pigs. They attack the worst weeds first-plan tains, dandelions, etc.-because they like them the best. Then they take a little rest and tackle the grass. In a short tima the lawn looks as though it had bten cut by the closest ma chine. I'm sure that a golf green clipped In this way would be as fast again as lt would be mowed In the or dinary way." In the Wrong "Pew." He was a rather overdressed youth and attracted much attention when he entered the car. He occupied the only vacant seat beside a rather elderly gentleman. When the conductor came for his fare he fumbled for his money, and then suddenly became very pale. "Oh, I've been robbed," he gasped. "There ls nothing but a blt of an old cigar in my pocket." "My boy," said thc deep bass voice of the man by his side, "would you mind taking your hand out of my pocket?" SUCCESS WJTH SWINE No Insurmountable Obstacle to Industry in South. Quotations From Some of Actual Prac tices Followed by Successful Hog Raisers-Some of Difficulties Encountered. (By G. H. ALFORD.) The following quotations give some of the actual practices followed by successful hog raisers and suggest some of the most serious obstacles likely to be encountered. In speaking of raising hogs for pork, Mr. Foster of Louisiana says: "I think two litters should be raised where winter pasture can be had cheaply; otherwise only a spring lit ter to be turned off at eight or nine months. In feeding breeding sows, I simply see that they are improving in flesh and strength and have laxative food before farrowing. If pasture does not keep their bowels In good condition, I feed bran or cottonseed meal for a short time previous to far rowing. On our plantation I put up 32,000 pounds of green bacon last winter at a cost of a little less than 3 cents per pound on corn and alfalfa pasture, charging corn at 40 cents*per ? bushel and pasture at 35 per acre, but charging nothing for fencing, shel ters or labor, as the pasture (40 acres) furnishing a great deal of feed for my colts, mules and cows. The greatest obstacle to success, I think, ls disease caused in a majority of cases by crowding too many hogs to gether and disregarding sanitation. I never keep more than three or four litters, having my pasture subdivided by portable fences into small lots of one-half to one acre each, with a cheap shelter in each lot. I never saw all of a large bunch of hogs do well when fed together. The fewer in a drove the better." Professor Duggar of Alabama: "Two litters a year are practicable and profitable. "The principal obstacles to success are: "(a) The want of a market at steady prices. We need packing houses. "(b) The attempt to make corn, which ls high-priced in most southern communities, the main or sole food for the hog. We rreed special hog crops and pastures prepared especial ly for hogs. "(c) Cholera, which ls largely pre DEVICE TO CHECK LIGHTNING Simple Contrivance, Easily Put To gether and Inexpensive, Will Save Many Head of Stock. (By J. E. BRIDGEMAN.) An astonishing number of stock are dilled each season by lightning, and not a few human beings, and in al most every case the dead stock ls found near a wire fence. There is DO doubt but that a large portion of this stock and human life could be saved by grounding the wires of the fence, but as this calls for a large sized, rather expensive wire, or iron rod, it is seldom done. By using an easily constructed de vice any ordinary, smooth fence wire may be driven four or five feet deep In "the hardest soil-at either depth the wire Is sure to be In damp or wet soil at all seasons of the year. Two lxl2-inch boards, four or five feet long, are shaped as shown In the right-hand figure of the cut The step-shaped niches should be about six inches in height and one and one-half Inches deep; in the top A Lightning Arrester. center of ?ach step a small groove ls cut, as shown by the darts lead ing to B. These should be one-fourth Inch wide and about one-eighth of an Inch deep so that when the two pieces are fastened together each step has a one-fourth-inch hole ;ts entire length. The grooves should be as smooth and straight as possible, but can be cut with an ordinary pocket knife if no other tool ls at hand. Fasten the lower ends of the boards together with a small bolt, as shown in the left-hand figure; hold the top together with the left hand, set the device where wanted and drop the wire In the top hole; drive it down to the wood, lift the device and place the wire in the next hole, and so on until the last hole is reached. In this manner a very small wire may be driven* in the ground without bending, as only six inches of same is above the wood at one time. Splice the ground wire and connect same to each wire of the fence and you will have a first-class lightning ar rester. The dista ice apart these ground wires should be placed is a question the writer places them every eight or ten rods. Pull the "Suckers." Pull the "suckers" off the oorn be t'ore they ruck too much. veritable by proper fencing, feeding and a knowledge of the mean? hy-j which it is disseminated. 1 "(d) The cost of making hog-tight; fences around fields where hog crop? should be grown. "(c) Scrub blood. "(f) Financial loss due to keeping hogs past the age of twelve or fifteen! months, and similar errors of Judg ment due to want of information." Dr. Redding of Georgia says: "I prefer to have sows farrow ta March, the pigs to be made into bacon the following December; harrow again In September, the pigs to be sold for butchers' meat and consumed fresh. The March pigs in December should, net 200 to 225 pounds each. The salt ed pork should be ready for "smoking" by February L The September pig? should be kept In good butchers' con dition and sold as the market maj demand. "Before farrowing, sows should be kept in good, thrifty condition, bot certainly?ot fat, with moderate exer cise required, or. at least provided for. After farrowing, the best and most nutritious and milk-producing food should be given-mashed and scalded oats, shorts, bran, corn meal, wet up with water, some green food, and pas ture. Plenty of pure, clean water ls desirable. The little pigs should ba taught to drink skim milk, thin bran mashes, and the like as soon as poe? sible. Later they should have a regu lar allowance of mashed oats, bran and corn meal, with such green food as may be available. I consider tho common collard an excellent soiling food for hog* The collard leaves are especially suited for growing stock of all kinds, but particularly for hogs. The plants should be set out one foot apart, In three-foot rows,-in rich soil, In April. In a few weeks feeding may begin by pulling out every third plant v and feeding them whole. Later, each alternate plant of those remaining may be removed and fed. After the patch has been thus thinned to one - plant every three feet, commence ta 'prime,' that is, pluck off one or more of the bottom leaves of each plant? and so on all summer and fall. "U&cerne ls an excellent soiling . plant, better and more convenient than red clover. The saccharine sorghums and Indian corn (in roast ing ear) fed 'stalk and all/ are both good. "It should not cost over $5 or $6 to produce a hog weighing 200 pounds. "I know of no insurmountable ob stacle to profitable hog raising throughout the south. In fact, there is hardly an impediment In the way. Want of well-established pastures ls noticeable." . Cure for Grasshoppers. The bran-arsenic mash ls a sure cure for grasshoppers. It is made up as follows: White arsenic, one pound; brown sugar, two pounds, and bran, six pounds. First mix it thor oughly, dry, and then add enough water to make it a stiff wet mash. A tablespoonful of this should be placed near the bottom of every tree or shrub to be protected. Nitrogen in Rain. During a three-year observation In Canada it was found that the amounts of nitrogen brought down to the soil in rain and snow were 4.323, 8.364 and 6.8C9 pounds per acre, respectively.. Approximately 35 per cent of the to tal nitrogen was furnished by the rain and 15 per cent, by the snow. Head Grubs. As a preventive of head grubs, it ls advised to smear the sheeps' noses with tar during the months of July and August. This ls best accom plished by boring holes in a log, fill ing the hole's with salt and smearing tar over the holes. The breeding ram should be of tbs best to be had. Crop rotation beloi gs to any system which seeks to better the soil. One peck of timothy is about the right quantity to sow to the acre. Thin ewes have no business drop ping lambs at any season of the year. Plenty of cheap pasture or a heavy green mulch to plow under is always a good asset In no line of domestic animals can there be greater Improvement made by good sires than in sheep. The ewes when bred should have special attention to keep them strong, vigorous, active and contented. Any feed that can be used for a pas ture ls worth more in that form ta the farmer than if plowed under for manure. Remember the cow has a hard tims to keep up her usual milk flow and fight flies, to say nothing of the effect the terrific heat has upon her. The man who neglects to keep all of his farm buildings insured ta taking a greater risk than he can af ford, no matter how well off he maj? be. The farmer who constantly robs bis soil will some day have to leave hts land because lt will not yield bim a living. A mule never seems to be really frightened at anything. When he runs away he does lt through pur? love of mischief. _j