University of South Carolina Libraries
EDGEFIELl), S. Gu WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1897. THOS. J. ADAMS, PROPRIETOR; VOL. LXII. NO. 40 S MINING OUR 1 # BL?C? I have just spent a few days at the United States geological survey in "Washington, writes Frank G. Carpen ter, looking Up facts about coal min ing; Tho geologists know more about coal than any one else. They can tel? you just how the -world looked when coal -was made, and they describe how there were ages of luxuriant growth consisting ot pine trees, fir trees and all kinds of mosses and plants, which, dying down year after year, became a great matted bed of vegetation. They tell you how this bed was bottled up by being covered up with rocks and how it finally turned into coal. They can tell you just how this happened and how long it came ? to pass before Noah was a baby or Cain killed little Abel outside the Garden of Eden. Men lived for thousands of years upon the earth before they knew that coal was good to burn. All the iron made before the days of the middle ages was with charcoal, and a fairy tale is told in Belgium of how a poor blacksmith discovered the first black diamouls. He found that he could not jet along, for it took so much time to make his charcoal for his furnace. Eo was just about to commit suicide when a white-bearded old man ap peared at his shop and told him to go to the mountains near by and dig out the black earth and burn it. He did so, and was able to make a horseshoe at one forging. This is the Belgian story of the discovery of coal. The first coal found in America was near Ottawa, Illiiuic. It is mentioned by Father Hennepin, a French explorer, who visited there in ?G79. The first mines worked were about Richmond, Va. This coal was discovered by a boy while out fishing: He was hunting for crabs for bait in a small creek, and thus stumbled noon Che outcroppings of the James River I coal bed. Our anthracite coal fields have perhaps paid better than any other coal fields of the world. They were discovered by a hunter named Nicho Allen, when George Washing ton was President. Allen encamped one night in the Schuylkill regions, kindling his fire upon some black stones. He awoke to find himself al most roasted. Thestones were on fire, and anthracite was burning for the ; first time. Shortly after this a com pany was organized to sell anthracite coal. It was taken around to the black smiths, but they did not know how to use it, and it was very unpopular. Some of it was shipped to Philadelphia by a Colonel. Shoemaker and sold -'there.' It was ?ot at all satisfactory, and a writ was gotten out from the city authorities, denouncing the colonel as a knave and scoundrel for trying to imposed rocks upon them as coal. Still Philadelphia has largely been built up by anthracite coal, and 50,000,000 tons of this coal wero takeu out of the Pennsylvania fields in 189G. Since then some of these coal lands have been sold as high as $1200 an acre, and the Philadelphia and Bead ing Company in 1871 paid $10,000,000 for 100,000 acres of coal land in this region. As a sample of the aruouut of business done in anthracite coal, the Delaware and Hudson Cain : Compauy paid $5,000,000 in one year for mining, and their coal sales that year amounted to more than ?10,000,000. It is hard to estimate the enormous amount 'f money the United States makes out of its coal. We get more thau three times as much out of our coal mines as ont of our gold mines, 1 and the silver metal is not in it with < the black diamonds. There is a little 1 region in eastern Pennsylvania, about 1 a hundred and twenty-five miles from I i Philadelphia and not more than two : 1 hundred miles from New York, which 11 produces every year coal to a greater 1 value than all the gold mines of the c Rockies, Canada and Alaska. It is t our anthracite coal fields which turn i out between 50,000,000 and 00,000,000 i tons of anthracite every year. We t have in addition to this a hundred and ? thirty odd million tons of bituminous 1 coal annually. We have, ia short, the f biggest and best coal measures on the t globe. It is estimated that our coal i east pf the Rocky Mountains covers < 192,000 square miles, and within the < past few years coal has been found in i many parts of the Far West. Colorado [ i will eventually be a great manufactur- t ing State on account of its coal. i Utah has large coal fields, and so i have the States of Montana, Washing- c ton and Wyoming. We are now get ting something like 20,000,000 tons of c coal a year out of Indiana, Kentucky a and Illinois, aud the great Appalach- 2 ism field produces more than four J times this amount. There is more i good burnable earth in the Appalach- t IN AN ENGL! ian Mountain, than anywhere else in I a the world. The coal is easy to get at, fi the veins are thick, and in some mines they are almost on tho- top- -of -the c ground. They aro better- than any c other coal fields in this respect, with r one single exception. Thislf s^rhe new tl coal field of Alaska, which, one of tho 1< geological survey men'.teils "ine, comes b right out over the wafer, so that the e coal can be dug dowjv.arid"almost fall s into the ships below.. This A'.askau S coal will probably be used to snpn'y b the Pacific trade, and its impo. .^e T will be appreciated when lt is reinein- f( bered that the largest fleet that sails is the Pacific i? the coal fleet. Most of p the coal from that region comes from e: Australia and Ja-mn. Much Australian w coal is brought to San Francisco. Dur- ti ing my travel? in Japan I visited one v coal -mine which had fifty miles of tun- ci nols under the sea, and J learned that [ tl i DIAMONDS. 1 the Japanese were, making a great deal of money out of their coal. They were shipping it to China, not withstanding the fact that the geolo gists say that China has some of the largest coal fields of the world. Ii doubt the extent of the Chinese fields. The people are thrifty, and it is curi ous that they do not tise the coal if they have it. They aro among the most economical of people, and in the different Chinese cities coal is so valu able that it is ground to dust and then mixed with dirt, being sold in balls about the size of a biscuit. It is in teresting to know the coal fields of the world, as estimated by the geolo gists. Here they aro : China, 200,000 square miles; United States east of the Eockies, 192,000 square miles; Canada, G5,000 square AN EXPI miles; India, 35,500 square miles; New South Wales, 21,000 Square miles; Russia, 20,000 square milos; United Kingdom, 11,500 square miles; Sp.n'u, 5500 square miles; Japan, 5000 square miles, France, 2080 square inile3; Austria-Hungary, 1790 square miles; Germany, 1770 square miles; Belgium, 510 square miles. From the above table it will be seen that the English coal area is small. Still England ha3 for years been the centre of the coal production of the world, and for years it mined more than half the total amount used by the world. The United States is now probably ahead of it, and we are in creasing our product every year. The English coal veins are thin. The miners have to lie on their sides to iv?rk many of them. They have dug jut the surface coal and they are now irorking at great depths. One English rein, fourteen and a half iuches wide, s already down over twelve hundred "cet. Such a vein would not be worked o any great depth in America. The S'ewcastle coal field, which is the rich ist in England, has veins from three o six feet thick, while the Wales coal reins arc less than three feet iu thick ?ess. Some of our Pennsylvania an hracite veins run from thirty feet to sixty feet feet in thickness, while the Pittsburg bituminous coal veins are rom eight to sixteen feet thick. At he present rate of mining it is esti nated that all the English coal will be ?xhausted in 212 years if it is worked lown to 4000 feet, and this will be 113 ;eet deeper than any of the English nines now worked. Notwithstanding :he enormous amounts of coal which ve have taken out of our anthracite .egion it is e?timatedthat we could go m at the present rate for GIG years. As-England goes further down her :oal mining will become more expen iive, and her days as a manufacturing Isation are, consenueutly, numbered. Uready we surpass her a great deal in namifacturing, and there is no doubt hat we, with our vast supplies of coal [SH MINE. nd iron, are to be the chief manu ncturing Nation of the future. Our Appalachian coal fields alone ould supply the world with fuel for enturies. They are the largest and ichest known, and ikey are so situated hat tho coal can be shipped from them jng distances by water. From Pitts urg coal can be carried for eight en thousand mile? on navigable breams, and the g.-ate fires of the ou th blaze with tae rays from the la-k diamonds iron Pennsylvania, 'he Ohio River is the great coal chute )r the Mississippi valley. The coal ! carried down it in great barges ushed by little steamers, and so fast ued together that a single steamer iii push acres of coal. Loads of venty thousand tons are taken. A ast amount of coal is carried on the unals and the great lakes form one of ie chief highways of the coal traffic. i e I 1 t I I v a x t t I v li s c Y t ll fi O s c s f< D fl h n a t; ti 0 0 c II a n v, 81 a Vi Ti tl f< n ol ie n ni N ol C( d< fa cr Ol bi a e: li, A w tv Cf The amount of coal carried on the railroads is ulmost beyond conception. The Philadelphia and Reading has more than fifty thousand coal cars, which are dragged by nine hundred coal locomotives. These cars are kept busy in carrying anthracite coal. The Pennsylvania Railroad employs more than seventy thousand cars for. the movement of its coal and coke trade, and the Central Railroad of New Jer sey carries about five million tons of anthracite coal every year. More coal is handled at New York than at any other placo in the world except Lon don, more than fifteen million tons be ing used or transshipped at that point annually. Ono would think that there would be a lot of morfey in coal for the miners. There is not, and it is ? question whether the present strike will materi ally better matters. As far as strikes have gone in tho past, they have been against the working men. Some years ago Carroll D. Wright, the United States Commissioner of Labor, figured up the profit and loss of ten years of striking in all branches of labor. He estimated that the employes during this time lost fifty-niue million dol lars, an average of forty dollar to each iOSION. striker involved, while tho employers lost a little more than half the amount, or thirty million dollar?. The coal miners live as poorly as any other class of workmen in tho country. For the most part they are in dirty viliages, with narrow streets, their houses blackened by coal smoke. In mauy mining districts the houses belong to tho company owning the mines, and the miners pay rent for them, bo that wh?n a strike occurs and they are out of money they are given orders to leave. Many of the houses have nothing more than two rooms and a kitchen, and in some places tho only stores at which the miners can trade are the company's stores. With all this the American miners are far better off than the miners of other couutries. The coal miners of Jap.a?. rebeive Only a few cen ta -a-day.- Both women and men work in the mines, [ind the foreign ships, which get coal it Japan ave always loaded by women, who pass the coal up the sitios of the 3hip in baskets. Women are still used in the coal mines of Belgium. They dress in trousers, jr it like the men, and they ?lo much the same work. They help oad the coal, and in some of the mines ;hey drag the cars from the tunnels to ;he bottom of the shaft. L. Simonin, i Frenchman, from whose book on un lerground life the illustrations of this el ter ave taken, describes the horrors )f their life in the mines. For a long iuies women were used in this way u England and Scotland, and it was lot until twenty-five years ago that parliament passed an act keeping them mt. Children are employed in tho Bel lum mines to-day. The English and scotch used them for years. They vere taken into the mines at seven, :ight and nine years of age, and were :ept there until they grew up. The English coal veins nre very thin and he tunnels are not moro than a yard tigh. These children were used as .easts of burden. They were har icssed to little carts filled with coal, nd had to crawl along on all fours rith belts about their waists and hains between their legs dragging he coal carts to the surface. Women lecame deformed by this work. They -.ere dressed in trousers and shirts ike men. They learned to fight and wear like the men and became bad haracters. At the age of fifty they ,-ere usually worn out. In Scotland oung women were employed to carry ho coal on their backs out of the lines. They dragged the coal to the aot of the ladders and then loaded it n their backs, holding it there by a trap around the forehead while they limbed up the ladders to get it to the urface. They worked from twelve to gurteen Lours a day, and would do rork, it is.said, v-'iich the men would ot do, tramping through tho water .itli their loads of coal. According to iw women canuot be employed in our lines. Boys, however, have been largely sed. They drive the mules, and in lie anthracite regions they pick over lie coal, taking the slate and refuse ut of it. They get from fifty to sixty en ts a day for bending over the dus ly oal, roasting in the summer and al ?ost freezing in the winter. They re frequently hurt, though it is by no leans as bad with our children as ith those of Euroj?e a few years ago, 'hen in one investigation it was tated: "That they seldom slept with whole skin, and that their backa ere cut with knocking against the 3of and sides of the tunnels, and that ie walking in the water covered their jet with festering sores." Have you ever been down in a coal tine? If so, you can appreciate some E the dangers of mining. A coal mino i like a great catacomb. It is a city nderground, the walls of which in lany cases are upheld by timbers, ow and then you come to rooms out E which the coal has been cut. Tho ml is taken down with blasting pow er, and there is danger of the wall .liing and of the miners being ?ushed. There is also danger from fire damp, ? the union of the gases of the mine rought together by the light from lamp or candle. This causes a great cplosion. It comes like a stroke of ghtning, and with a clap of thunder, s the explosion occurs a roaring hirlwind of Hame goes through tho tnnels, pulling down the timbers and iving in the walls. It burns every- ? pi thing within reach. Minera . af? blinded, scorched and sometimes burned to cinders. Hundreds- have often been killed at a time by such explosions, and by the flood of cui? bonic acid gas which follows them.' Tho statistics show that even in the United States one miner is killed for every hundred thousand tons of coal mined, and those who are injured number many times this proportion:. BICYCLE LINE TO THE KLONDIKE A Freaky Undertaking by a Syndlcato pt Wealthy Is'ew Yorkers. One of the most novel of the many schemes to obtain a share of the wealth of the Klondike region has been de veloped by a syndicate of four wealthy New York business men, who are plan* , ning to establish trading posts' and" stores in the mining camps and also to^ purchase all promising claims on tho market. They will transport their men and supplies to the gold fields on a bicycle specially designedfor tho pur-, pose. The enterprise will be .under taken on an extensive scale, and ah ex pert will be sent at once to the gold fields, well supplied with money j to secure desirable claims. Large | stores of everything a miner needs will i be transported by boat to Juneau. | Then the Klondike bicycle comes interj play. It will bo used to transport the^ supplies over the 700 miles between ; Juneau and the gold fields by the ; Chilkoot Pass trail. The bicycle is j specially designed to carry freight^ and is in reality a four-wheeled vehicle^, and a bicycle combined. It is builtg very strongly and weighs about fifty-? pounds. The tires are of solid rubber ' one and a half inches in diameter. The frame is the ordinary diamond, of< steel tubing, built, however, more for? strength thau appearance, and wound? with rawhide, shrunk on, to enable the? miners to handle it with comfort in^ low temperatures. From each side ??? the top bar two arms of steel project, J each arm carrying a smaller wheel,-w about fourteen inches in diameter which, when not in use, can be folded*,1 up inside the diamond frame. Devices^ for packing large'quantities of material j are attached to the handle bars and" rear forks, and tho machine, it is esti :r;ntcd, will .. -v :.' ? - . ..?. i.;. ? iii an is to lo. ?n.uipu.!''-'':, .i mik-? vi 60. . rii ?" ip Uto side i . .. bicycle and I oad. A sam .?. ?.. . . jeen made a*? I ilied for.-New York Herald. TWO FOWLS WITH SEVEN LECS. V Kew Yorker lins n Three-Lecccd BOOB ter and n Quadruped Hen. Two freak fowls are owned by 0 Stern, of the Third Street Market East River, New York City, which ire believed to be unique in their vay. They were bought by their owner in ?Vashington Market. Tho rooster, vhich is a year old, has three legs FEEAK FOWLS. lie extra "scratcher" (which, by the 'ay, is useless for that purpose or any ther) sticking out behind, between ie other two. Tho hen, which is about a year and half old, can boast of four legs, two Inch she walks on, being in their atural places, the extra two growing ut of her left side. The strange feathered creatures ave been seen by hundreds of liicken fanciers. Rabbit Adopt- Chickens. S. H. Wood, of Westchester, has a ibbit that is bringing up a brood of ine chickens. The rabbit takes a .eat interest in the welfare of its range pots, and they nestle about teir furry friend and seem perfectly home.-New York Journal. Tho largest mass of pure rock salt in e world lies under the province of alicia, Hungary. It ?3 known to be ?0 miles long, twenty broad and 250 et in thickness. There are about 25,000,000 acres o1 lbliclaud in Ohio. ' 'V ' HOUSEHOLD AFFAIRS, : >j&&8r"ra? Borer's Toiriatd Ketchup. S. T. Borer,- the famous cook ing expert, gives this, her favoritej re ceipt'for making tomato ketchup in the Ladies' Home Journal: "Use half a bushel of sound tomatoes. Wash and cut them into pieoes. Cook gently for half an hour, then press through a sieve. Cook again for one hour; then "add one ounce of ground ginger, one ounce of mustard, one gill of ealt, half a pound of sugar, and one quart of ?vinegar. Cook to the proper consis tency; add five drops of oil of nutmeg, and the same of celery, or a table spoonful of celery seed. Bottle, cork ?and seal." Cunning Blackberries and Raspberries. Select firm raspberries, - and put them into a colander, which sink gradu ^"y into a pan of cold water. Left and am. Arrange neatly in the cold jars, . eft fill with cold water, adjust the rubbers and place the lids carelessly ^IpP' Uo not fasteu them. Place a little hay, straw or excelsior in the bottom of an ordinary wash-boiler, on which stand the jars. Pour into the ,boiIe't sufficient cold water to come nearly to the neck of the jars, cover the boiler and bring slowly to boiling point; As soon as the water reaches boiling point lift each jar carefully and s?rehv on the top. Stand out of the draught to slowly cool. Strawberries and blackberries may bo canned after thia rule.-Mrs. S. T. Borer, in Ladies' Korrie Journal. ?j Excellent Cucumber Tickle. vMake a ten-gallon keg of strong brino on which an egg will float. Put tho" ^cucumbers in a bag made of a yard of sleezy white cotton, tic up its mouth with a string and place a clean ?vono on it to keep it in place under the.brine, and every cucumber is safe arid" sound until you wish to pickle them. When that time comes, which should not be for six weeks, soak them in fresh water for twenty-four hours. Then put them in a preserv ing kettle with enough vinegar to coyer them. Set them on the stove and boil gently until a straw can easily pierce them. Have ready a jar that sill, hold them. Eemove from the kettle and throw tho vinegar away. Put into the kettle nearly twice as ranch vinegar as they were boiled in nnd set on the stove to boil. Now weigh the cucumbers, aud allow a ih?rt?'. of a pound of sugar to every .Vonnd of cucumbers. In every ten pounds' of pickle allow three onions ind half an ounce of mace, cloves, ilspice, ginger -and two three-iuch' | '?:&.rr .. -il T-dQ'.'?Iiv ?-I:;-;>%J?J?T \>:/\-_. i'i:" ?'.. r i^.-.rd. oise oiLiio? .: \-.-?.%,..*':..;?.:v?t s??'.! :M??1 c;tf; ourttfi . ; . : .:" .'k ...=3* -rh ? ;-\ tnuriRxio v?geih?? .. AU &.> 832.*.. r: >? .-vi-1-- .." .= UK -r :" ? ?:' _r:-;; psi sbe::i i" rb.8 f?h'QTt tv?jW i '.^'.VAt' . 'veil boiling '...1 tai* ?^*M?**??W u i ii 'IUIO xv ?iC mi veil nustard and tumeric and remove it nstantly from the fire and pour over he pickles. Cover it up closely and let it away. In a few days it will be eady for use. The traveler was not ar wrong when he pronouueed it 'glorious pickle."-Chicago Becord. Household Hlnt9. Vegetables growing above the [round should be cooked in salted rater, those below, in fresh water. Colors which have been changed by he application of acids may bo re tored by the application of chloro onn. When cooking onions, set a tin cup f vinegar on the stove and let boil, nd no disagreeable odor will be in the oom. Fruit stains, when fresh, may be emoved by pouring water through be stained portion until the spot dis ppears. Ink that is freely spilt upon a carpet hould be covered with common or oarse salt or Indian meal. If all the tain is not absorbed rub with lemon . lice. Grass stains should be rubbed with lolasses thoroughly and then washed ut as usual. Another treatment is 3 rub with alcohol and then wash i water. "Our fruit stains may be removed ita oxalic acid; wash the stained por on in the acid till clear; rinse at nee in rain water" as the acid will at ick the fabric if left upon it. Now et the spot in ammonia and give a nal rinsing. When potatoes are thoroughly baked, urst tho skin, and you will have de cious, mealy potatoes that will be stable for an hour or more if kept in warm place. If you are not in the abit of doing this, you do not know hat an excellent thing a baked pota > really is. Bust and ink stains should be lbbed with juice of lemon and the pot. thou covered with salt and the loth pl iced in the sun. If this treat tent does not servo to remove the ;ain, or if the fabric is colored and ). cannot be treated with lemon lice, oxalic acid may b9 used as for * ld fruit stains. ? Tea, coffee and undoubtedly cocoa ;ains, even those which had beenpre iously washed, may be rubbed in .velle water, if the fabric stained be hite, otherwise the color will be leached. Take a half-pint of the ja ?lle water to a quart of clear water id let the stained portion of the cloth >ak in it for several hours, then rinse loroughly in three waters. Incurable In Five Years. The morphine habit becomes prac cally inourable in five years. The ser of alcoholic spirits may continue ght or ten years before he reaches ie incurable stage. This will depend i the free intervals between the time ' using spirits. When he becomes curable he may abstain, but the in red brain and nervous system never ?cover.-Quarterly Journal of Ine .iety. _ 5g8 In Mexico Arc Tied In Churches. ^ There is a miserable dog tied up in the j ft piscopai Church now under erection ! n i Bncareli avenue that keeps up a j n sinai howling from sunset to sun- j ?\ se, greatly to the annoyance of tho r any families residingin that vicinity. J \?? ?Mexican Herald, I t; AGRICULTURAL TOPICS. _ - Protecting Cows From Files. A very weak dilation of carbolic acid trill keep flies off from cows in hot weather. The carbolic acid may be made stronger and mixed with some grease to put around the cows' horns, is the horn fly is more persistent in Its attacks at thia point, and there is ao danger of the acid here where the 3ow cannot get at it to lick it. No cow "ikes the odor of carbolic acid. Curo For Hog Choler?, Dr. Salmon, of tho Government Bu reau of Animal Industry, is credited with recommending the following as a cure for hog cholera: Wood charcoal, one part; sulphur one part; salt, two parts; bicarbonate of sodium, two parts; sodium hyposulphite, two parts; sodium sulphate, one part; antimony sulphide, one part-ten parts ia all. Pulverize and mix thoroughly. Dose, one tablespoonful for each 200 pounds ?>f hogs once a day. Oxen or Horses. ' I hope to live to see the day when tho big oxen of olden times will again adorn the farms of Kennebec. On almost every farm now'you may find a pair of big Western or Canadian horses, and in a few years they will wear out and the money for another pair must come from somewhere beside their earnings. "When you sell a pair of oxen for which Kennebec was once noted you get money enough to buy another pair and have some left to pay your taxes with. Then again you yoke up your oxen and put them astride a cart-tongue or sled handle and go "to work;, while with horses you must have a full accompaniment of rigging to go with them and then you need a harness maker aud blacksmith to follow up.-D. H. Thing, in New England Farmer. Operate Smaller Farms. E. McGuire, of New York, writes: There is much complaint among farm ers, especially in the Eastern States, about poorly paying crops, and part of this complaint is justified, but after an extended experience in farming, I have come to the conclusion that it pays better to have a small farm free from debt, to which has been applied large amounts of fertilizing materials, than a large one with a mortgage and with a depleted soil. Many a man who has owned a large farm died poor where he might have lived and farmed profitably a smaller one. It is true that times have been hard and taxes heavy, but it is also true that maDy who complain, have only themselves $6VMSIC Th?y hr- " ??..re?. Tgiii 7.V.0 V?.'T !"tvs; a ?-.HK j a\f?.:... to .. .irti... a-j ;j L? -.tr..".-; r?t?S??biy [ ...-..'lift,'?? % >:' s >n:'.vi.*?;-. ? I--! ii ??-- f?iti. t->. ; -iv- ;?': &e ! ??SH^AgCr.feftgia f=;:.?t? 5jp :i -.x'-'C l irotjwell culiiviiteM.iHrw' T' . ?mid ? xtravrtgan: living .vtal-sfr.-i? i Hot Weather Cheese Jinking. Professor J. W. Robertson, of the Ontario Agricultural College says: A cheese factory's reputation is largely determined by the quality of its August, September and October out put. Inefficient drainage facilities will show their worst effects during warm 'weather. Clean the whey tank at least once. Flies must be kept out of the mak ing room. Some afternoon when the cheese are in the hoops burn a small quantity of sulphur in the room after closing up tho doors aud windows. If i tablespoonful of alcohol be mixed with the sulphur it will burn moro' readily. Care must bo taken to pre sent the fumes getting into the curing .oom. The tins of the milk vats and ;he inside of the sinks should be washed titer this fumigating process before :hey. are used. ? In the curing room, ventilate dur ng early morning aud at night to teep the temperature as low as possi )le. Sprinkle the floors with cold vater morning, noon .?and evening. kVhile the cheese are being turned on he shelves there should be an abun lant admission of light. When flies, ire apt to be abundant, a plentiful ihaking of fly powder in the room bo oro shutting up for the day will de itroy them. When the eveniugs ave IOOI and the milk needs ripening, do lot fail to leave it in the vat until it eaches the proper stage of maturity j j >efore the rennet is added. Use ( \ .nough rennet to coagulate the milk n forty minutes when it is set ai lighty-eight degrees. Dilute the ex ract to the extent of one pailful of rater for every vatf ul of milk aud then nix it thoroughly by rapid, vigorous tirring. When troubled with gassy curds, illow a development of acid such as viii be indicated by threads by the hot ron test a quarter of an inch long. Before removing the curd, it is a good >lan to run most of the whey off ?t %n ?arly stage and to leave only enough o permit a free stirring of the curd. ii ter the curd cutter has been used, tir for twenty minutes before apply ng the salt. Then curd should be ?ut into the hoops within twenty min ites after the salt has been mixed in. Lpply pressure very gradually. ?he cl . J should be bandaged, very teatly ien they are turned in' the toop? hin two hours^ after they.are iut in press. When practicable, heesc- touid be pressed for at least wentj ar hours. - lallroa i fakes Vp Its Tracks and Gives the Ties to Farmers. The Sauta Fe is taking up the tracks if its branch lino through Wichita bounty. Wheu the work was begun tepresentative Frank Grimes of that ounty came to the general offices of he company at Topeka and secured a oncession through which the farmers ,-ere to receive all of the ties, the rail oad simply stipulating that the fa r aera be on hand with their wagons to iaul tho ties away as fast as they were aken up. -Kansas City Journal. Great Combination. John B. Crimmius, of Charlotte, N. has a combination of a dog, a cat nd a rat which dwell together in har iony, to the amazement of all his eighbors. They may be- seen any ay asleep in his window, the cat's head epo.^ingon thc dog's back and the rat xking. a sun bath nestled in the fur *f ho traditional cnemv. LOVE AND JOY. I' fling of lovo that sorrow ne'er ha? known, Love that has dwelt with gladness from Its birth, Love that has made more bright the gra cious earth, And given every song a tender tone. "With my heart nave I upreared a throno And set this love thereon with buoyant mirth, . And much that seemed before of little worth, Soft-sunned by it to beauty strango has grown. That which was I erewhlle ls I no moro; The alchemist Lovo a wondrous chang* has wrought, And in my soul now lurks no base alloy. I have cast off the bonds that thralled be fore; The gold of love hath purified my thought, And Joy my sovereign is, for Love Is Joy. -Clinton Scollard. HUMOR OF THE DAY. "She used to be so delicate b:foro she took to the wheel." "Well, she's indelicate enough now."-Detroit Journal. First Tot-"My mamma says, 'Ii tho shoe fits, put it on.'" Second Tot-"My mamma says 'If the shoe fits, take it off-it's too big.' "-Puck. The Captain (boisterously)-"Come, oldman, brace up! What's got into you?" Passenger-"If you don't put me ashore you'll very soon sec."-Xiife. Minnie-"In my opinion one wheel is as good as- another." Mamie-"I suppose there is not'much difference in .?nted wheels."-Indianapolis Jour nal. "You must get rid of the Oirish ac cent, Mike, if you want to git on. Yet, shuro, I was tin years in London be fore I could git over it mesehV'-New York Journal. Style in the Far West: "The Smiths put on lots of style, don't they?" "Well, I should say! They have in dividual cyclono cellars up at the Smiths."-Puck. Scientific Methods: Birch-"Riches have wings!" Pine-"Possibly; but most millionaires seem to have suc ceeded in clipping them pretty suc cessfully!"-Brooklyn Life. "Speaking of runs," observed Me thuselah, ."I've just scored my ninth century," and he cut another notch in bis stick and continued to roll down Ihe ages.-Chicago Tribune. "Horseless carriages are getting to bo quite common in tho East now." "Yes; but they are 'not as numerous .is the voiceless opera singers."-Cin cinnati Commercial Tribune. ' * . VB T . tr ?tub friiai. :i i-::!;/' M.. . C'?.-'s hssr'd y.-.-*."-, -.rt.ixbur. i"~*>:en?i. < ?Veii t-no. SHde; He :?t ?ie bail j ?!??..s onj^tasitti?itsyly)-j Will Two Minutes Be Rcachetl? This is the year that, as tm?men ave said, will see the record of har ess horses reduced to two minutes jr a mile. The pacing record came rithin a fraction of thc mark a year go, aa I it is understood that the rainers of a number of noted horses re determined that the coveted mark hall be reached before the sermon nds.-San Francisco Chronicle. Human Perspiration Poisonous. Human perspiration, if injected into ogs or rabbits, acts like a deadly oison, according to M. Arloing's ex eriments. Perspiration secreted dur lg hard muscular work has more jxic power than the ordinary kind, hile that obtained from subjects who ?cretion has been, checked by cold is sry poisonous. A note of tho Bank of England, visted into a kind of rope, eau sus end as much as 329 pounds upon one ad and not be injured. he prea??vt day it oouid b.s adequacy ; Prosed -J til '.'My -Detroit i i o ur nui. 'Any-"What kind of people dp jon have down here in the season? Did Salt-"Well, sir, all kinds; some veray common, some real gents and adies, an' some like yerself, sir, 'alf md-'a!f."-Tit-Bits. The Correct Idea: Weary Willie 'Ef you hed a million dollars, Fields, vot would you do wit' it?" Flowery fields-"Wy, I wouldn't do nutt'n' vit' it-I'd jest rest easy and let it do lutt'n wit'.me."-Truth. The Professor's Soliloquy: "Yes, ny memory is certainly getting better, 'sow T remember distinctly enough hat my wife tord me to tie a string .bout this finger. Ii I only could hink what for!"-Judge. A political speaker accused a rival if "unfathomable meanness," and hen, risiug to the occasion,' said, "I rarn^iim not to persist in his disgrace ul course, or he'll find that two of us :au play at that game!"-Tit-Bits. Ruth-"I understand Percy High ife has stopped trying to trace back lis family tree. I suppose the further >aok he went the harder it pot?" .?"reddy-"Yes-and the further back ie went the harder his ancestors got, oo."-Puck.. " "Papa," said Billy, tearfully, after i playful romp with the good-natured mt rather rough St. Bernard puppy, 'I don't believe Biugo knows what dud of a dog he is. He plays as if ie thought he was a little pug." larper's Bazar. ' "I hear you are about to build a ine residence," said Mr. Teuspot to dr. Crewe Doyle. ''Yes, sirce," re died tho man of newly-found wealth. 'It is going to have a piazzaro in the ront and a Porto Rico in the rear." larper's Bazar. Philanthropist-"I am surprised hat a lady of your refinement and [ood impulses should wear a dead )ird upon herhat." Tho Offending )ne-"But then, you see, a live bird could fly away unless it were tied on, mi I that would be cruel, you know." -Boston Transcript. Thc Comfod Philosopher: "There s no doubt," said the oracular and lumptious neophyte, "that the way to , man's affections is through his stom ,ch." ' "And yet," said the Cornfed 'hilosopher, "it is not man who ex lects ico cream and.such to be bought or him."-Indianapolis Journal. Quinine and other fe ver medicines take from S to IO days to cure fever. Johnson's Chill and Fever Tonic cures in ONE DAV. Toads Waylay Boes. "I found out something last night that makes me feel silly, and I've learned a little lesson in natural his tory that I shall not soon forget," said* S. V. Hall. "Every night," explain ed Mr. Hall, "when I have gone out about sundown to shut the hen house, I have noticed a large toad sitting in front of one of my hives of bees, the one nearest the walk, andlwas careful not to molest him because I have al ways protected toads on my place on account of their usefulness in destroy ing troublesome insects. I stopped to watch and I soon learned all about it. The hive, under which they bur rowed in cool retirement in the day time and in front of which they took tip sentinel positions in the early even ing, stood on the ground with only a board between it and the sod. The board projected in front of the hive about three inches, so as to afford the bees a convenient place for alighting. While I watched the bees arriving home Issi night, heavily laden with honey, I saw those two toads shoot out their long, slim, slimy tongues and capture every bee. I did not wait to see them eat many before I killed them both. I dissected one and found his stomach full of bees whole and others in various stages of digestion. I estimated that those winking, blinl^ ing toads have been devouring fifty 01 sixty a day. I had supposed the bees* stings would protect them from sucha fate."-Buffalo Courier-Record. Johnson's Chill and Fe ver Tonic is a ONE-DAY Cure. It cures the most stubborn case of Fever in 24 Hours. Mosquito Blessings. The Boston Transcript is responsi ble for a new view of ihe mosquito, and while we slap and rub this sum mer we may keep in muid these four truths which it is declared science has established: First. A mosquito oannot live in air from malarial poison. Untainted s* "S ?-. or' U.r., i- ;? ./ pave?te v.-; he 0 K; .*ci 1 ?i i : u . w?2>ntct?fc??? ;*?v... .r.'? lymph* wliie!. . Lhrt'righ EU ant-M?c**-: -V-'---- >:>>.:;.. j.." . .'.< ?.?'; ?t?*wb?9C?Sj ?ti?iaxhS ?'. * ? 1 . * .' . i-' v -' ^"^.r'jv.'-.iu??. v . . . . .. ...:^v? :. > ?? lows bun.a.; biv?d; . : .. .. Lift f*;?it body becomes di .. tmu. o>.t.-, V. 'ti'. ?Xi ? ' by the discoloration of the lymph in contact with the blood and the muscu lar efforts of inserting the probe.. Fourth. A mosquito will never in sert its lancet in a person not suscepti ble to malaria. In this respect its sense is more accurate than the most skilled and experienced pathologist. This also proves, not only its unerring instinct, but that it never wounds un necessarily. Its thrusts are those of ? skilled and humane surgeon, and sven more unselfish, for hope of a fee never quickens him, nor does the .malediction of his patient deter him in 'alfilment of his duty. Johnson's Chill and Fe ver Tonic is a ONE-DAY Cure. It cures the most stubborn case of Fever ia 24 Hours. "High Water Bill" Moorhead. William H. Moorhead, better known luring later years as "High Water Sill," has just died at his home in Pembina, North Dakota, after an ill less of six months. This sobriquet ie gained by his numerous prophecies LS to just how high the water in the 3ed River would rise each year, and, .* >e it said, his predictions were usually lot far astray. As an incident in this ine it is said that this spring, before he snow melted, as he was lying in lis bed on the lower floor of his louse, talking "high water" to a vis tor, he reached down about half way n one of his bed posts and said: 'You'll see the water up to this spot rhen the snow melts,"and his predic iou was verified. He refused to be arried up stairs until the water came u on the floor. Mr. Moorhead was a typical fron iersmau and a general favori.j. The listory of the Red River valley wonld ie far from complete without an inter sting reference to a man who was mown far and wide for his genial ood nature and interesting stories of he pioneer life in the northwest. ?t. Paul Pioneer Press. Why take Johnson's Chill & Fever Tonic? Because it cures the most stubborn case vf Fever in ONE DAY. NO BACKGROUND. "Every man needs a wife to brighten ip the place." "Yes; but suppose he hasn't any dace." NOT QUALIFIED TO SAY. Wilton-Do you agree with David, hat all men are liars ? Wilby-How can I tell ? Just think ?f the number of awn that I never law ! , A NATURAL MISTAKE. The seashore boarder was accosted n the dark lane leading to the hotel >y a man with a gleaming revolver. "Hands up !" shouted the thug. "Oh, I say, landlord," replied the warder, "you're not going to collect ill my week's up. are you ?"