University of South Carolina Libraries
THOS. 1 ADAMS. PROPRIETOR. EDGEE?ELD, S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1892. VOL. LVII. NO. 13. The general opinion in Enw?pe seems -io be th at Cuba will this time get away from Spain. Five hundred million dollar of England's National debt has been paid off during the last twenty years. The popularity of American shoos ia Europe and in other regions abroad, is steadily increasing. The exports so far this year show a consid erable increase over last year. The failure of several water-power eleotrio plants from dry weather sug gests to the Atlanta Constitution the necessity of a small steam power in re serve in case of works using nearly nil their available wator power in ordin ary dry seasons. The New York Mail and Express ex claims: "Every time a new peer is created in England the newspapers prominently chronicle tbs event. The American peerage is swelled every day by great nambers, but they appear only in tho vital statistics." Statistics from the United Slates Railway Service ?CT that ono passen ger is killed lor every 2,000,000 pas sengers carried, or every di, 103,223 miles traveled. One is injured for every 4,709,771 miles trawled, or one ont of every 204,2d8 passengers car ried._ Philadelphia may be a slow town, ^but, in the estimation of the Chicago Times-Herald, they do Eome things pretty well there. The ??ty will this year receive in royalties, from street car Unes, telegraph, te?3phoae, ROS and water companies, nearly $11,? 000,000._ Potatoes are so plentiful and so un. profitable at ruling prices in North Dakota that a farmer af Grand Forks has announced that he wrll not dig the large onantities he has, atidhasinvited his neighbors to help themselves and . take all they care to for th** trouble of digging and carrying them away. What they don't take, he says, will be -left to rot in the gr?.and. ?* is said that a very remarkable il lustration of the benign anl whole some influence of vegetation on climates has recently been supplied by the Frc neb in Algeria. They had planted sou. e millions of eucalyptus that these have absorbed rTf tho stag nant impurities hitherto prevailing, end had tended to purify both the earth and the air. Once when Pasteur was dining with his daughter and her-family at her home in Burgundy he took care, re lates the New York World, to dip in ?. class of waler the .cherries that were served for dessert and then to wipe them carefully with his napkin bofore putting them iu his mouth. His fas tidiousness amused the people at the table, but the scientist rebuked them for their levity and discoursed at length on the dangers in microbes and animulcolae. A few moments later, in a fit of abstraction, he suddenly seized the gloss in which he had washed the cherries and drank tue water, microbes and all, at a single draught. The Delaware tribe of Indians in the Indian Territory numbers seven hundred and fifty-fo tr persons. The Court of Claims at Washington has rendered a judgment in their favor, and they will in a few days receive $220,00U in cish. Something over a year ago the Government paid them nearly $1,000,000 in cash from trust funds belonging to them, held for many years by the Government, and the result of these payments and others which have been made to them makes each member-man, woman and child-of the tribe worth $6000. There are ono or two other Indian tribes that are even richer than the Delawares, but as compared with the white race, the Delawares are nearly five times as rich per capita a3 the in habitants of the British Islands, six times as rich as the people of the United States, nine times those ol Germany and twenty-six times those of Russia. Pretty good authorities say that they are capable of taking care of their property, and there is little danger that they will be cheated ont of it by whites. A Babe li ?ni Fond ol Bicycliii?. A lady in Reno has a baby less than a year old which has ;aueriiel a pe culiarity. The child has been very puny and appeared to be constantly craving something. One tuna aftsr another has been given to it and every means kuown to professional nurses was used in an endeavor to satisfy this oravinsr. The mother is an expert bicyclist anl is wry fond of riding, it wai remembered that before the birth of the child she hadan aim ?st irresistible desire to take a spin on her wheel, and it was thought likely that the child had been marked in this respect. About two weeks ago a basket ar rangement was attached to a bicycle, tho child put into it and given a ride o? a mile or two. A ohsuge was im mediately noticeable in its condition, and daily outings of this character have resalte! in a complete cure o the little one's peevishness, and the child has rapidly gained strength and flesh auder this tr&ttneui - Rend (Nev.yGaieMe, A minister of warVrbe army chap. Isia.-?ae* i "KNOCK HD OUT." BOW SUDDEN UXCONSCIOUS KKSS IS CAUSED. Various N?rvea Leading to a Common Center IR the Bruin Are Affected iu 3} a ny Ways-Physiolog ical Phenomena. "V TSTflY should the spiritof the \ /\ / successful pugilist be V V proud when be "lands" un der his opponent's ear nod, iu the lancnage of the ring, "knocks him cnt?" asks the Chicago Times-Herald. A boy eonhl do the name thing oy a properly directed blow either on the neck or in the pit of.the stomacu, and a consumptive dentist could accomplish a similar re* mit with a little chloroform and a pair of tooth Moreep'. A weak woman armed with a darninar needle, and peutly pushing it info the middle line of the neck nt the base of the skull, could give a Corbett or a Sandow an rverhstiog knock-onr? It ia nature that has made a l the elaborate pro visions for knocking out the man ; all that the antagonist has to do is to "push the button." so to speak. For purposes of ill us! ration it may be said that the animal nervous system is a complex series of electrical apparatus, including batteries, wires, keys and buttons, and thor ; is not a tenth of a pquare inch on or in the whole body that is not equipped with such appa ratus. N>tnre has taken the most elaborate precautions against delayed messages on account of wiros beiog down ; from the more vitil and sensitive portions of the body tberj are always numer ous wires to tho main office in the brain, and not until the body is dead .} the last key cloded and the last wiro grounded. The physiologist opens the abdomen of a frog, taps slightly on the intestine, and the heart is imme diately plowed or ?topped ; the pugil ist ' lands a blow on his opponent's neck, and the heart is slowed or tem porarily stopped. In each case the pbvsiologal phenomena are the same. A glance at the illustration will show that the nerves of the special Reuses and rome others Hpriug from what is practically a comtaon center far back in the brain. These nerves are in pairs, one on each side of thc middle line of the body. Their exact origin in the substance cf the brain has not yet heen fonnd, but from what hap pens every day it is certain.that all ?re more or less intimately connected at thair origin. Gazing intently for a few seconds at a brilliant electric light or at the sun will often CHUSO a person to sneeze. The odor of savory lood will cause the month to "water." An intensely disj.oreeable odor or a horrible object wi ll often cause nausea. Nausea causes faintness because the heart is ET apathetically affected, i? to the brain. lulling a hair out of the nose, sticking a needle into the nose, or tapping on a diseased tooth will cause tears to come into eyes. Mashing the finger with a hammer will often cause faintness. It may be said that all these phenomena are first cousins of what happens when a roan is "knocked ont." The same is true of these carious cases in whioh a man may have a terrific earache from a de cayed tooth, no pain being felt in the tooth, or toothache from a hardened masB of wax pressing on i tho drum of the ear, or severe headache from some eye trouble that can be relieved by proper glasses or rest ; and of the con dition of speechlessness due to sudden fright or to the fainting from fright. Several years ago a little child that had lost its voice and the use of its legs, and had "suffered all things of many physicians" in Philadelphia, was lound to have a tape worn, which had caused all the trouble. The old reme dy of curing hiccough by suddenly startling the sufferer is but an appli cation to the nerve running to the diaphragm of what the successful pugilist does to the heart branches of pueumogastrio nerve, with the assist ance of the sympathetic nerves. And when a foolish dentist gives a person chloroform to prevent the pain of a tooth-pulling, and the patient dies suddenly, the dentist has applied the "knock-out blow." Take the act of sneezing, for an other example. The mucous mem brane of the nose is irritated, the per son feels a queer sensation, and in a moment the diaphragm contracts with great force, driving air irem the lungs ont through the nose. The pugilist is "irritated" under the jaw by a blow, the fact of the irritation is telegraphed to the lower back part of the brain, the message is switched to the pneu xnogaBtrio nerve, which supplies the Olmo KEBVE CROSSING IS BE AIN. Showing how disease or injury of one eye may ntfect the other, aud how a tumor on ono side of the brain may affect the eye on the other side of head. A-Nerve fibers from one eye to the other. B-Fibers from rieht side of braid to left eye. C-Fibers from left side of brain to left eye. D-Fibers from left side of brain to right eye. E-Fibers from right side of brain to right side. F-Fibers from right side of brain to right eye. heart with a part of its motive in fluence, the heart gets the message through the pneumugastric, is sud denly checked in its beat, and the pu gilist falls. It all happens a great deal quicker than it can be told, whioh is very fortunate for the nun. For suppose when a man's finger accident ally comes in contact with a hot stove all this explapation had to be gone through before the man could jerk his finger ?way; instead of having a ?dight burn he would have a roasted finger. Wwe men are patronizingly e*ompli iceniary to nature for the excellent manner in which it performs its work, and but few bnv J ventured to suggest improvements. Of all suggested im provemeid?, that of allowing people to have (lound teeth as lons: as they live ia probably the best. But the more one studies the providions of na ture the more is he convinced of an infinitely wise desrgn. Why does a p orson fall when he fain te-? The real cause of the faint is temporary slow ing or stopping of the heart to such an extent that the supply of blood to the brain is insufficient. ?wm $Vfl PATHETIC .iv 7 NERVES CONCERNED When a person is sitting or. standing more work is re quired of the heart than when the person is lying down. Therefore, the prone position of the body is the one in which the heart does most work with the least exertion. Attain, when a person is sitting or stauding all the blood senli to the brain has to be pumped uphill ; when the person is lying down blood gravitates to the brain without being forced. Stage realism, however, demands that when a person faints in a play she mu it be held up-an excellent provision for killing a person in a real faint. lt ir. much easier to tell how these thinge happen than why. It is easy to say that the pain of hip-joint dis ease in children is felt in the knee be cause the "terminal filaments of the nerves supplying the hip-joint are at the knee." The sudden contraction of the diaphram when a person gets pepper or tobacco in the nose and the sneeze produced are for the purpose of forcing' the irritating substance out of the nostrils. But why should a thump in the stomach act on the heart? Why does a drop o? prussio acid put on the end of the tongue cause the heart to stop immediately? Why does a whiff of prussic acid fumes send a terrific pam through the heart and possibly cause death? Why does a brilliant light cause sneezing when there is no irritating substance in the nostrils? It is easy to say that thu nerves of sensation of the nostrils and the eyeball come from the same cen ter, but this cannot be said exactly when a disagreeable odor causes nau sea. And if pulling a tooth under the influence of chloroform is dangerous, why ii it not mnoh more dangerous to cut off a leg while the patient is chlo roformed? But why does not the pugilist die, stay "knocked out" after the blow, if his condition is due to partial paraly sis of the pneumogastrio nerve? Sometimes he does. For his recovery he may be thankful to two things-a passing away of the paralysis of the pneumogastrio nerve and to the nerve centres in the heart itself. The nerves of the heart are derived from three sources: First, from nerve cells buried in the substance of the heart itself and known as the ''intrinsic" nerves of the heart. Second, from the pneumogastrio pair of nerves. Third, from the sympathetic nervous system. The intrinsic nerves keep the heart beating; the other two sets of nerves control the rate and force of the beat. Thus the heart is to a certain extent an automatic organ, and its beat de pends to a large degree on its own? struotnre and properties. This is proved by the fact that when a heart in entirely removed from an animal, especially a cold blooded animal, it will continue to beat for some tim?. The heart of a turtle or frog will, if kept moist, continue to heat for days after being removed. Even when the removed heart of a frog is cut into small bits with a raze; some ol the pieces will continue to beat. Bat, in Addition to these in trinsio nerves, it is necessary, for the preservation of life and health, and for the equalization ot the heart's work, that itsbeat should be regulated in connection with other changes and processes going on in the body, and so the heart is intimately connected with those other processes through the pnenmogastrio and! sympa thetic nerves. Each pneumogas IN A "KNOCK-OUT." trio nerve sends several branches to the heart, each branch contain ing fibers that, when irritated, slow or even stop tbe beat of the heart. These fibers are called' inhibitory fibers and when violently irritated they may entirely offset the action of the intrinsic nerves of the heart. These inhibitory fibers begin in a col lection of nerve cells in tho lower back part of the brain (the medulla oblongata), and this collection is known as the "cardio-inhibitory cen ter." It is to the heart, in one sense, what the air-brake apparatus is to the train. The more they are irritated the sinner the heart beats, but with this difference-if a well regulated air brake pipe be cnt the train will stop, while if the inhibitory nerves be cut in the neck the heart begins to beat a little faster than bofore. While too much explanation of such things may seem prosy, it is well for a man who is hot and thirsty to remember these thin-js before ho gulps donn a large quantity of cold water. More than one man has been killed by that act, and killed in the same way as though by a kick in tbe stomach by a horse. The sudden shock, whether of the cold water or of the kick, pro duces extreme irrtation of the sympa thetic nerves in and behind the stom ach. This irritation is communicated to the spinal nerves; these send the message up the spinal cord to the in hibitory center in the lower back part of the brain, where the message is switched to the pnenmogastrio fibers that go to the heart-and the heart is "knooked out." All these are examples of what is called reflex action-a stimulation or irritation reflected from one set of nerves to another. Other examples are blushing, crowing pale, reddening or paling of the face under the influ ence of alcoholic liquors, reddening or paling of the face in anger, and sudden deafness or loss of voice from the shock caused by a sudden and in tenso light. Again, there is the sud den bleaching of the hair from nervous shock. It might be supposed that the pains felt in the toes or other parts of an amputated limb are still other ex amples of this reflex nervous action, but they are not. These are dne to irritation of the nerve stump at the point of amputation,and are easily un derstood when it is said that if the n?rvea of sensation of the teeth, for example, were irritated far back in tho brain, the pain wonld be felt in and referred to the roots of the teeth, where the nerves end. As fer those cases in whioh pain in the toes of an amputated limb is relieved by resur recting the limb and straightening the toes, they are to be explained by "brilliant imagination." Whether a person blushes because of some words uttered, or at some ob j?co peen, or on aocounr of a thought, the process is the same, and is due to reflex action on the minute nerves that control the oapillary blood vessels of tho face and neck. In the one case the process begins with the nerve of bearing; in the f?cond with the neive of siarbit, and in tho third it begins in the thought canters of the brain. Ia each case it is conveyed to that nerve center presiding over the capillaries of the face and neck.' From tbii center is sent an impulse that dilates these capillaries, allowing more blood to enter them, and the blush is produced. Growing pale ia the opposite process. The nerves that contract the capillaries are allowed to act freely, while the dilator nerves are "inhibited," and thus less blood flows through these capillaries. The act of taking cold is srenerally reflex, the ca pillaries of the skin becoming con tracted, while those of the iuternal parts ot the body aie dilated and con gested, :end then follows a "knock out" of the whole system. long Finder Jiails a Sign ol Aristocracy, You .may know an aristocrat in An nam by his long finger nails. The man with the longest finger nails is the leader of Anuam society. Aristo crats io that country have to be at tended at all hours of the day and night by servants, who perform for them the most trivial offices. The Anuam ladies cannot comb their hair. They canuot even feed themselves, for fear of damaging their long and beautiful finger nai s. !So poor man in Anuam can have finger nails eren a few inches long, as he cannot alford to employ the servants which that would necessitate. This absurd practice hos prevailed in Annam for many centuries. The lower classes there have a* much rev erence for loug finger nails as do tna lower classes in ?nglaud for long an cestral -trees. It will thus be se n that AnUam is more of a democracy than England, for the son of a newiy AN ARISTOCRAT'S HAND IN ANNAM. rich merchant can cultivate finger nails as long as those of the King, while thapAnnamite of even the bluest blood, otfre he is deprived of wealth and servants, must cut his fingernails and descend among the common herd. His ancient lineage is then ol no account, So long as bis finger nails remain .short he is a person of no im portance, Many swells in Annam have never had their finger nails cut since the day iboy were born. Eswnrdcd by the People. The story runs that Georgy I J, who cared fer. nothing but his own enjoy ments, 5 run tod to exclude the public .from TfrfcTPna ^ 1**^^?% brewer of P.iohmond nani eil; Lewis commenced proceedings against him and obtained a verdict favorable to his case. Lewis, toward the end of his lite, became poor, but the inhabitants showed their gratitude by supporting him in his declining year?. Kerr and Curious Bicycle Tire. Dangers which the owners of the modern bicycle fear are obviated, it is claimed, by the tire which is here il lustrated. It is maintained that it may be ridden over tacks, glass and even razors, without fear of puucture. The iiivention consists of a series of THE NEW TIRE. el iptical steel apr inga set at right an gles to the rim aud riveted to it A steel band passes round the outer cir cumference of the tire taus formed, whioh is in turn riveted to the springs, forming a strong resilient aud "quick" tire. It may be covere I with rubber to keep out dirt and water. Travels iu a Palace. George Gould travels in the gorge ous car Atlanta, which was built'for his father, the late Jay Gould, and whioh is ono of the. lines: pieces Of workmanship ever put on wheels. In general construction and interior ar rangement these private cirs are all very nearly the same, differing only in size and decoration. .Most of them have a piano, a writing desk, a com plete library and compartments for guns, fishing supplies and sporting paraphernalia, besides all the com forts and luxuries of a rich and well regulated residcnoe. In the eyes of their owners nothing is too good for the private car, and traveling in them is a luxury in every sense of the word. -Atlanta Constitution. Shipping Wood to AuslraTin. As wood is largely wanting in Ans? tralian gold fields, several steamdhips are now engaged in carrying timber from the Paoifio coast for use in Aus tralian mines. The steamships carry from 2,000,1)00 to 2.500,000 feet eaoh. The wood is California pine and fir. Portland Oregonian. A Social tall. TheLinn-'Oorae and take .lunch with me, won't you?" fha Eagle-"On, dear, I couldn't think of doing suoh a thing-you know I move in higher circles than you do. "-Troth? STYLES IN DRESS S031E OK THR LATEST DECREES UF DA.MIC FASHION. Descriptions of a Homo Gown of Figured Bat?s.?, and a Skirt in Godet Style -A Velvet Rage. IGUEED batiste in ecrae, lavender and green, made the pretty gown in the doable column illustration. This is a favorite mode for all styles of fab rics. The loose-fitting fronts and back in Wateau design are disposed over fitted linings that conform to the figure and gracefully display its lines HOME GOWN OF I and cutvts. The Byron coller neatly finishes fieneck, the semi-girdle in edit) tho under-'arm s?ants) confining the fullness at the waist line in front. Tue fuli-topped leg- o' mutton sleeves are adjusted with a single Beam and plainly completed with facings at the wrists. Gowns in this style are made from outing and French flannel, merino, cashmere, crepon, camel's hair and ladies' cloth, with collar and belt of velvet, 6ilk or other contrasting materials. The girdle and fitted lin ings can he omitted if a loose adjust ment is preferred. The quantity of 41-inch wide ma terial required to maka this gown for a lady having a 32-inch bust measure in 5 yards; for a 33-inch size, 5? yards; fora 40-inch size, 5} yards; for a 42 -inch size, o} yards. A HANDSOME BKIRT. Black satin made this handsome skirt in pronounced godet style, in the second large illustration. The widely gored front is smoothly fitted at the top and gradually distends to the lower edge. The side gores fit smoothly aud fall below the hips in deop outstanding flutes, the three godets in back being arranged in small box plaits at the top. A placket opening is finished in the seam at the left side of centre back, a straight belt completing the top of the skirt. A stitt interlining throughout is a mat ter of choice, a more distinguished air being imparted by at least a deep facing of some stitt fabrio between the lining and material. The bottom is plainly completed. An elastic strap holds the godets in position el the back, a stay of tape or ribbon be ing tacsed underneath all around. Crepon, Gros-rie-Londres, plain and fancy silks, cote de Cheval, cheviot, HANDSOME SKIRT perge and other silk, wool or mixed fabrics will all develop stylishly by the mode. The quantity of 44-inch wide ma terial required to make this skirt for a lady having a 22-inch waist measure is 6 yards; fora 26-inch size, 6? yards ; for a30-inoh size, 6j yarda RUFFLES AND BELTS. Now, that ruffles are come bank as ! a skirt trimming, it is altogether likely j that we shall pee heavy woolen gowns ! decorated with machine hemmed ruffles 1 Snob horrors have been in the past, and they will probably be revived. S'ik ruffles h_emmed oa a j machine are a perfect nightmare, but if yon don't watch .tour dre? ros ker, ! that ie jost what sbo'will do for you, and often against yonr direct protest. .; Don't let ber gather yonr rafflet on the machine either, or stitok them on your dress with the machine. Belts are as popularas ever, and, of course, will remain so as lon? as the round waists stay in. A pretty fancy for a belt is to make one of rings, crocheted with silk of the color yon like, and then join the rings in pointed effect, running the rows with bright colored ribbons. No buckle shonld be worn with such a belt, but it should be fastened with a big bow or rosette, the color of the ribbon*, with which it is mn. The rings shonld be about an inch m diameter and at least three rows deep. VELVET ALL THU BAOE. For dressy street wear, or the car riage, nothing is more in favor than velvet; it combines so richly with fur, TG?RED BATISTE. and gives one a wonderfully cosy, comfortable look. The story books - desoriba their pr; noeses - 3?T ali?Nt 11 ia wrapped in priceless furJL^PIWWl must have caught the fashionable fartoy, for all the feminine world, Taays the New York Presa, baa none velvet-mad. There are velvet street frocks, velvet evening frocks, STYLISH COAT IN BLACK PATTERNED VELVET velvet coats, velvet boh'cer, velvet pio* ture hats and fancy velvet muff-? ; any thing in which velvet may be reason ably employed. And then velvet is one of the few things the mondaines know will not become common. At IN G?i^i' STYLE. least the Lyons silk velvets they wear will not, for they are far too costly for the ordinary purse. Not Jong ago every graud dame had i in her wardrobe a richly embroidered velvet cloak ; many of them have them ! still, and fortunately they are once i more springing into favor, j Jetted velvets are being sold by the i yard, to be made into cloak?, bat ; somehow they do not have the rich ness of the "old-titner?," probably bo cause many of the old ones were hand work. _ The British Empire in 1783 did not contain 50,003,000 mh?bita&taj now it has 35'V>0.?,OOO and is still growing. The Pennsylvania Bailroad carried 120,000 passengers to Louisville dar ing the G. A. ti. week. THOS. 1 ADAMS. PROPRIETOR. EDGEE?ELD, S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1892. VOL. LVII. NO. 13.