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TIIOS. J. ADAMS, PROPRIETOR =, EDGEFIELD, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY:i6, 1895. VOL. LIX. NO. 51. HUMAN HOUSES. ?JIE PROCESS OP EVOLUTION IX MAN'S HABITATIONS. Some of the Primitive Forms-Influ ences Which Controlled the Early .Dwelling Builders - Mea Lived in Caves* 1 \ROFESSOR MASON has I-J formed the nucleus of what is to be a new and important <T~ colleotion at the National Museum. It will illustrate in its mul tiform aspect, according to the Wash ington Star, tho human dwelling, the feature of life conditions, which has A SOUTH AFRICAN RESIDENCE. enabled man to occupy all territories of the varigaten planet and success fully to combat the forces which limit the freedom of the simpler organisms of the earth. The first idea in this exposition will bo the influence of climate-the prim ary factor in the production of dwell ing structures. The tropical man, as far os climate is concerned, needs take ac count only of the wealth of physical energy which floods about him, and he builds chiefly for shade and protec tion from the tropical rains. One flat roof-like structure in the collection, supported by poles, typifies this class of abodes, and a more elaborate ex ample is the Samoan house, with thatched roof, post supports and raised floor. The needs which prompt to house building in temperate climates are varied. One day will be cold, another warm, and rain and snow add to the variety. Safety is also to be con sidered, and the provision of a defense against wild beasts and hostile men the habitation is not only a house, bat a castle, especially as seasonal changes require that it be furthermore a store .TN ALASKA. house, containing objects of tempta tion to the covetous or needy. The home of tho arctic man is a burrow, like the home cf his neighbors-the fox, wolf and bear. In this region he does not attempt to build, but crawls under ground. Where he cannot do this, he imitates the burrow with the snow hut. In those arctic regions where drift wood abounds an underground house is made by the building of wooden frames, which, covered with turf, form the igloos of tho Eskimo and the yourts of the Siberian native. Whale fibs in places are used to form arches, over which earth is spread, and the entire lack of timber, or its substi tute, compels the circumpolar man to uso snow. Both the tur f and the snow types of dwelling are attractively rep resented in the case, and added inter est is given to the snow house by a presentation in section, showing the long entrance passages and the skin bed6 and fireplaces of the interior.' On the plains of the temperate zone the absence of forest materials makes residence in a tent imperative. In the Allegheny region the rectangular log cabin prevailed. Many people are under the impression that the red man learned of the invader to erect dwellings of timber, but if any imita tion was practiced it was on tho part of the white mau, for the Indians used this form of shelter and protection be fore the advent of the European. On the west coast the big trees were split in the construction of tho great communal places of abode peculiar to these residents of North America. A very curious model of one is in the museum case. The type of architec ture is more pretentious than that displayed in the simple log cabin ; tho great slanting roof required for its erection considerable architectural ability. The walls are decorated with curious designs, and from the en trance rises a hegh tree trunk, carved into grotesque images. In the trop ics the palm, the bamboo and other growths give form to tho architectural products of the natives. Thirdly will bo presented the influ ence of family organization on the development of the house, and, fin ally, evolution, invention and pro gress will embrace tho multitudinous designs of civilized conditions. "All the great forms of architecture," said the curator, 1 'come out of some primi tive form of abode." "What peoples," he was asked, "live without homos of nny kind?" "None. Tho crudest peopls? will at least go iuto a cave or pile sticks against a rock. " Tho cave is conceded to bo the primitive form of abode. Simple cave dwellers still live in tho i.eep and torrid canons of the Sierra Madre, in j Mexico. They were recently visited by a learned traveler. Mr. Carl Lum holtz, who finds them a very orude race (the Tarahumari), going about almost entirely naked, except in cold weather, and seldom adding anything in tho way of improvement to tho natural recesses in which they seek shelter. The oliif dwellings of the United States aro quite different, being pretentious structures akin to the Pueblo town houses, whioh are well represented by extensive " models in the museum. Occasional references are made in ethnological writings to a somewhat obscure race, dwelling underground, in parts of Asia and Northern Africa* These people aggregate in towns, which, of course, cannot be seen by the traveler until dose upon tho entrances to the rooms excavated be neath the Burface. The dead are placed abovo ground, these people re serving the sepulchre-like excavations for themselves during life. Their homes suggest the subterranean houses in which some residents of Indi IT take refago from the heat-an unsatisfac tory, cellar-like refuge, from which the occupants are glad enough to emerge into tho more cheerful out door air. Tree dwellers aro found wherever danger from animals or water makes desirable an elevated domicile. Several models represent houses of the low lands of India perohed on stilts, as a protection against poison AN' ESKniO HUT. ons insects, venomous snakes and dangerous quadrupeds. Many of the Chinese live in boats, and in the Malay archipelago houses are bnilt on great bandies of bamboo which float in tho water-a model of ono. of these is contained in the collec tion. "Tho house is the product of environment in some way or other ; there is always a connection between them. " One of the most interesting results of environment were tho lako dwellings of prehistoric Switzerland. It was a social environment, for nothing but a desire for safety from human foes can be regarded as a mo tivo sufficient to induco a people to move from the abundant land to habi tations erected over the surface of a body of water. Although some refer ences to these tribes wero made by the ancient classical writers, it was only in comparatively recent years that a somewhat thorough knowledgo of their =KtE??roTrrrcr ar? s-cuWs''oT^rm^win was obtained through archaeological study, following upon the discovery of the submerged remains of the andern piles. Industrious search made known the existence of great numbers of tbe.se, and the ethnologist at work in the deposits under the long since de stroyed platforms found that theso lake dwellers made uso not . only of SIAMESE FLOATING HOUSE. many of tho domesticated animals and cultivated plants, including some cereals, that are in present use, but also the fle?h of wild animals that long ago ceased to bo inclndod in the fan aa of Southwestern Europe. Clever Reversible Pictures. Here we have a picture of a swan. Don't turn the slate upside down, as Eddie did, or the swan will be gone and Mr. Elephant will stand before you. This ugly dog's hoad papa drew for Eddie, but Eddie was afraid of him, so papa told him to turn the slato around, and there was tho picture of a lamb.-Sunbeams. A Prank ol ?Irl Students. A freshman of the Normal School at Ypsilanti, Mich., is tho laughing stock of his fellow-students over tho treat ment ho received at tho hands of the girl students, into whose company ho presumed to thrust himself. Ho saw on the bulletin board a notice that the malo members of tho school would be admitted to the gymnasium while the girlu were practiciug, aud in he went. Ho was tho only man there, and the girls decided to give him a lesson. They invited him to take a hand at a game of basket ball, which is as rough as football, and when they got him luto the game they pounded and pummeled him to their heart's content. They thea told him to get ont, bnt before bo could do no tbey turned out tho lights and shoved him into the swimming tank, wiiere he was nearly drowned before he could get out.-Atlanta Constitution, WINTER STYLES. POSSIBILITIES OF MADE-OVER DRESSES. Small Pieces Caa Bo Utilized in Makin- Tasteful 'Gowns-The New Skirts-Fur aa Trimming. HIS ?R a comforting year for people of moderate means, sayB the New York JJedger. It would be impossible to re? call a time when made-overs had such possibilities and When ono could get such charming effects out of what would, a few seasons ago, have been thought merely tho odds and ends of coats and dresses. It is not an un usual thing to fi nd three or four ma terials in a dress, and if one has the artistic taste to combine them, even small pieces can be utilized to excel lent advantage. Narrow skirts aro made wider by setting in gores at the seams. For example : A skirt of or dinary shape, made of suiting in Btripes of dull red, dark blue and olive, has A-shaped pieces about three fourths of tho length of the skirt set in at eaoh seam. These pieces are of blue, matching that in the stripe. These gores are lined with a somewhat stiff material-a thin crinoline an swers very well. The gore in the baok may extend from the waist-line down, and this can be lined with haircloth. The back is then drawn into three or five large flutes, and these may be held in place by tapes and sewed un derneath. To make this dress, two narrow skirts were utilized, and enough remained for the large sleeve tops of the blue, the cuffs being of the stripe. A yoke of plain blue with tho remainder of the waist of the stripe and acollar of velvet completed a dress that was almost as handsome as one of new material. There seems to be a mania for red of all shades, but the brighter tho bet ter, and the old-fashioned cherry that our grandmothers doted on is again a favorite color. The new skirts are five yards wide, some of them six, but (ive and a quarter to a half is sufficient for all except very tall women. Among tho. new fancies in waists aro those with slashings from shoulder-seams to tho bust, through which puffs of bright or contrasting colors are shown. If tho material is of light weight, or ex ceptionally fine, the puffs may be made of the same fabric, but as a rule a contrast here is preferred. A novelty in a skirt is the arrange ment of gores at the hem in fluted folds or plaits. These are stiffened with haircloth and caught underneath with tapes. There are three of those flutes at each gore, narrowing gradu ally to the top. A skirt of this sort in dark olive camel's hair is worn with a waist of pink silk with bows, collar and wido belt of olive satin ribbon. Fur is used with the greatest pro fusion as a trimming for dresses. It comes in all widths, from the merest iino not over half an inch wide to finger-width trimmings, and diamond shaped patches that are hideously ?ugly. Fur, to bo effeotive, does not ?want fo be cut up and set on so as to ?give tho appearance of a num ber of islands in a pool of water. Patchiness, of all things, cannot be tolerated in tho use of fur. Indeed, it is a question whether an extremely narrow line of fur is truly artistic, un less it is usod at tho extremo edge of tho garment, and in this oase it must be set between the outside and lining, allowing only the hair portion to show. There is ono prevailing fashion-that is and always has been tho delight of the woman who likes pretty dresses at moderate cost. This is a black silk skirt, and is worn with waists of all colors, and is tho most usefu!,' stylish and every way economical garment in one's wardrobe. These skirts are made quito flaring at the hem, and may be entirely without trimming. For very stout women, however, there is a front trimming of jct fringe, and eemo skirts havo bands of jet garniture down the seams on either side of tho front. With the present fashion ono can make charming waists by putting in puffs of bright material, or, as ono of the new ideas permits, a waist cut low and closely fitted is worn with a guimpe of soft silk or batiste with em broidery. This usc, however is cou flned to younger woman and those of good stylo and figure. Those who consider themselves reasonably young may wear those low waists with chif fon guimpes for dressy occasions. They are specially becoming and styl ish, and admit of a groat variety in dress at a moderate cost. A WORD ABOUT BODICES. Tho unmatched and uninatching bodices seem to be gaining ground. Somo of the newest are of velvet, which, it is prophesied, will be much used in this way for winter. Fancy velvets, with mixed colors, gay and showy, are the correot thing, and they may be worn with all sorts of skirts, Simple blaok cloth skirts for wear with all this madness of separate bodices look very meek and demure. Never theless, they are lined throughout their generous breadths with good heavy taffetas in some of the new light shades-maize water-green, old pink or Mediterranean blue. A CHESS CLOAK. "Drees doaks" are very popula?' this senson, and we give an illustration BECOMING TO TALL LADIES. of one. The design is quite elaborate, and the dressy garment complete ly covers the dress. These cloaks are particularly becoming to tall ladies, IS OF THE SEASON. who can "carry them" well. The material is a very rich novelty of wool fancy brocade. The back is a plain princess, with side pocket flaps. The Medici collar and bertha are vel vet, embroidered richly with jets, and the gauntlet cuff is the same. The front is formed of deep side pleats, meeting in the center. My readers will bo able to seo at a glanoe how very elegant is the design of this "drep? cloak," although it is not one difficult to make. Any dressmaker can easily copy the cloak. It is warm, and on the whole an eco comical design, as ono can wear it with any dress. MUFFS ARE SMALL AND DAINIY. Muffs are fancier and smaller than they were last winter, and, like other articles of dress, aro made of all sorts and kinds of materials-velvet, fur, lace, feathers and flowers. Those sketched herewith show fash ion's latest caprice in London. One is made half of fur and half of velvdt, with the inovitablo bow at tho top. In the fur muff a boa would seem to have been turned to account, both the head and tail of the animal being "en evidence." A border of Thibet fur trims a satin-lined blaok velvet muff, with a butterfly bow on top. The last is intended for dressy occasions. The band in the centro is fastened with a Rhinestone bucklo. Feather aigrettes THESE HOPFS ARE SMALL AND EXQUISITE. appear on tho left sido, while on the right tho velvet bow forms a cushion, as it were, for a bouquot of flowers. It is becoming moro and moro the fashion for women to uso natural blooms on their muffs. FOR PIPE-STEM ARMS. They call it a mousqnetairo sleeve now, but it is only tho old gigot or leg-o'-mutton, with the outside wrink led on tho lining clear down to the wrists, Uko a mousquetaire glove, and is meant for women with pipe-stem arms. TRAINS AVORN BY BHIDE? ONLY. A Parisian authority says that trains aro not woru this winter oven for very ceremonious occasion!1, except by bride, who must, iii obedience to MrB. Gruudy's law.5, wear the majestic *and traditional train and veil. F I Now Talaco ot tho Gonna The new Imperial Parliament Honso in Berlin, which has cost upward of $7,000,000, is one of the most striking of the publio buildings in Europe. It Waa planned to be an appropriate out Ward expression of the legislative majesty of the German Nation. ; "When the foundation stone was laid in 1884 by Emperor William I., Bis marck, as one of the main founders of the Empire, struok th? stone with the builder's hammer. As he did so, he said: ^ .<v "Be this house forever a symbol of those indissoluble bonds which in the days of glory and enthusiasm united lands and sections in the German Em j?ire." ' The palace stands on the east side of the broad Uoenigsplatz, in the tjentre of which rises to a height o' 200 feet the monument of Victory, commemorating the three campaigns An Ancient Kettle. Among the riohes of mineral wealth and the products of the metallurgical arts- in the mining building at the World's Columbian Exposition, in Chicago, there was not anything which attracted more serious interest on the part of those acquainted with the founding of metals than a modest gloss.cose in the gallery of the bnild FTKST AME! containing a <*r*3 3ron ^etll"?> of are?nt one. ^v^S^r-onpacifcy, swinging on ? minature crane. The cause of this attraction was not dne to any pe culiarity of design or material or skill in workmanship, but to the fact that the kettlo was well authenticated as the first casting made in America and the precursor of the vast iron industry of the country, The kettle was cast at tho Sangus Iron Works at Lynn, Mass., in 1642, probably in the autumn, and was giv en to Thomas Hudson, as tho consid eration for sixty acres of land, com prising a portion of the iron works property. This Thomas Hudson was, undoubtedly, the younger broth er of that name, of Henry (Hendrik) Hudson, tho eminent English naviga tor. The kettlo was kept as an heir loom in the direct descent from Thomas Hudson, for over a century, when it passed into tho female line, and thence back into the possession of John E Hudson, Esq., of Boston, a direot descendant, who pre sented it to the city of Lynn a few years ago. A numbor of the citizens caused it to be placed in a suitable case, with a table, and it is now kept ir tho city hall.-Cassier's Magazine. Head of the Housi Cornclins Vanderbilt, tho head of the hou?o and tho principal heir to the fortune founded by tho famous old Commodore, is a modest and hardworking gentleman, in violent contrast with many other flamboyant trillers who move iu his ultra exclusive social sri. He seems to have n horror of publicity, and his many acts of philanthropy have been done without pstentatiou. Hereto tn Imperial Parliament. ;i864, 18CG find 1870) which made jermany one. It may he said that ?he building, which seems to be a mix bare of many styles, is not altogether in hai mo ny with the general architec ture of the German capital or with Grermau architecture generally, but tvhat it may lack in harmony it makes ap for in hugeness and in those florid details which seem to.dominate latter day Teutonic art. The central dome of glass is sur mounted by a gorgeously gilded cu pola. Tho interior has been done with great elaboration, the carved woodwork of tho assembly hall and committeo rooms being exceedingly rich. The entrance hall is adorned with a large stained glass window, em blazoned with the arms of all the Fed eral States and free cities, and the light falls on a rich mass of variegated colors on the marble floor. The D?vast?tiug London Fog. Epping Forest, one of the few re maining stretches of primeval wood land in the vicinity of London, is not alone sustaining destruction by tr o in vasion of rows of jaunty modern villas, but even the trees that remain are be coming sophisticated and cockney. The lichens and cryptograms once so common fn the beautiful forest have almost entirely disappeared, and the vanishment is attributed to the en croachment of London fog and smoke. This is not a far-fetched idea, as it is stated that'the famous hop gardens of the County Kent, in the vicinity of Maidstone, thirty miles away from the metropolis, sometimes show the effect of the London fog. One can readily understand why the recent story by a sensational novelist of the sudden as phyxiation of tho whole 4,000,000 of the people of the great city, by means af a sudden and dense foe. ?rt nw M *-->-<? ? ri:"..'.] ?;i . tim Oe j svas tha unexce^roaal- ?ulo-~$h'at*-thG second growth of timber in the West srn forests differed from the first. It tvas usually of some soft variety of tvood whi^h grew Irom hardy seeds that were blown in by tho wind and iodged under the leaves and moss, EV lier e they germinated and retained ;heir life under the shadow of the rirgin forest until it was cut down md the sunlight was allowed to reach ihern. Then they always sprung up ?nth great rapidity and dense growth -Chicago Eecord. A Feast for the Monkeys. A feast was given recently at Fyza jad to 1000 monkeys, 500 Bairagis, md 100 Brahmins. A man who las been successful in a commercial mterprise gave tho feast in fulfillment jf a vow made to the monkey god, Sannuman. Mounds of sweetmeats tvere brought in for the entertainment, but the moulceys wore first fed on soaked grain, in order that the con sumption of sweetmeats by'them might be less.-Now York Dispatch. The population of Spandau, the Prussian fortress town, has increased - svithin the last eight years from 30,- ' 300 to 60,000. B ot Yandcrbilt. foro he has devoted his attention to his private affairs, the direction of his vast railroad interests and church work, but recently ho has given indi cations of his intention to take amore active port in publia matters. When the Committee of Seventy was formed in New York City to instituto reforms in the municipal government he en rolled his ?amo, and' this is cited as his formal entrance into politics. Highest of all in Leavening Power. ABSOLUTE GETTING ETD OF SORREL. A short time ago we had an inquiry a to how sorrel could be got rid ot I. Sohn, Woodland, Penn., says he lubdued it on his farm by leaving a ine crop of timothy stand, plowed it lown and planted iu corn and kept torn clean. Then put in oats and fol owed with rye. Plowed down the ye last spring and planted corn. Seeded to timothy and clover at last vorking ; failed to see a single plant m seven acres while cutting corn, ?'arm, Field and Fireside. SETTING FENCE POSTS. When the ground is not stony it is ? good way to .'drive fence posts .by harpening the points and first mak ng a hole with a pointed steel crow er and then driving them with a leavy maul, ringed at the ends of the lead. A convenient way is to take a Tagon into the field and stand on this vhile driving the posts. Or one may lave a high bench to stand on to roach he posts easily. One man should go .head with a knotted line or a rod ong pole, to looate the posts and nake the holes with the bar. It is tot a difficult matter to set twenty josta in this way in an hour, when he ground is in good condition, not oo dry, and is free from stones. If his is done, three men, or two men md a boy to hold the posts straight rbi lo they are driven, will set 200 >osts, reaching 400 rods, in ten hours. -New York Times. ' ' . CS?, j ... .-'i". r-:?ys: 'Tir^t, the J ? i cal?T?y but BS ?J . . ur- fl- snr?ld ." V.'.TK. t.^. j i -.dtfc ycntjfotioa md drainage, and should be so ar ?hged" as-io-be_ea8?ly_ and quickly vashed out and then'quic^ly^a44hor-_ mghly dried. It should be large mough to hold the churn and butter yorker and thc cream while ripening, br with the use of tho separator the nilk itself need never go to the dairy ?oom. It shoal d not be necessary to ;ay that scrupulous cleanliness is the ill-important condition of good butter naking. " BABY BEEF. Baby beef is meat made on the in ;ensivo or forcing plan by pushing ;he young stock to the greatest pos sible weight within the shortest possi ble time. In order to produce it the inimal should be left with its mother mtil the milk is fit for use, when it should be weaned and fed warm skimed nilk. As soon as it begins to eat it ihould bo given bran, shorts or any and of ground feed twice daily. The inimal must never be allowed to lack bod or drink. The former should be if the best and of a kind to make both !at and muscular tissue. Wheat, oats md corn ground together in eqaal ;>tirts and fed as a thick slop form an excellent ration. The most profitable age at which to jell depends largely upon the consist moy with which the forcing diet has Deen carried on. When the animal :eaees to make good gains it becomes expensive, as the loss of capacity in that direction does not involve loss of appetite. For this reason the frequent use of the scale is desirable. Ordi narily the animal will bo ripe in about ?fteen months.-New York World. ON THE GABE OF HORSES. Keep your harness soft and clean, particularly the inside of the collar ind saddle, as the perspiration, if allowed to dry in, will cause irritation ind produce galls. The collar should flt closely, with sufficient space at the bottom to ad mit your hand ; a collar too small ob structs the breathing, while one too large will cramp and draw the shoul ders into au unnatural position, thus obstructing the circulation. Never allow your horse to stand on hot, fermenting manure, as this will soften tho hoofs and bring on diseases of tho feet, nor permit tho old litter to lie under the manger, as the gases will taint his food and irritate his lungs as well as his eyes. Do not keep the hay over tho stable, as the gases from tho manure and the breath of tho animal will make it un wholesome. Kindness will do more than brutal ity ; therefore do not uso harsh lan guage to your horse, or lash, beat or kick him. Bear in mind that he is very intelligent and sensitive, a will ing servant and deserving of your kindest treatment and thought. Bemember tbat horses are made vicious by cruel treatment ; that it is speed which kiils ; that more horses are lame from bad shoeing than from all other causes ; that a careless appli cation of the whip has blinded many horses ; that more fall from weariness than from any other cause, and that no animal should ever be struck upon the head.-Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. KINDNESS TO COWS. Some time ago, suspecting that the bured man wa? not treating our cows -Latest ?. S. GcVt Report Pbwder EY PURE LS he should, I undertook to do the miking myself, says a farmer ?writing o the National Stockman. I found that ?n? cow, a thorough bred Jersey, began to lift one foot rom the ground os soon as I began ailMng. I paid no attention to her lave to occasionally stop to pet hex, mt she kept on and finally upset the mil. Then she jumped os if to word >ff a blow, hut instead of the blow hat she evidently expected she got >nly kind words and more petting. Jhe turned her head, and after giving ne a good look she began to lick my oat and kept it np antill had finished, silking; and after a week or so X ould go to a, box stall and set the tail under her and milk her without ny trouble. And to repay me for' ay kindness to her, when I went after-, he cows in the evening I hod only to pen the gate ?and call her, while the .ired man had to walk after her and [rive her to the stable. Now I do not believe there is one aso in ten thousand where striking a ow does any good. Cows are not by tature vicious, and even when they re made so by man the way to con uer them is not to show them more iciousness. Look at the matter in a common ense light. A young heifer is brought 0 the stable with her first call She 1 atu ral ly thinks it is a great event and s very much excited over it, when a ian comes in with a rope and a pail nd, af tor tying her head so short that he can hardly see her calf, he began o pull on her .teats. 'They are of nnrae more or 1?RS. sore, and she re-._^, . . ...:vT -if?. -:*3 The early winter is a good time to op dress the lawn with well rotted lonure. Dcm^4et4bAcpws stay out in the ?asture all day when-^^^is a cold, Lriving rain. -i^^ The water used for the weekly wash-^1 ug makes an excellent wash for the ?ld apple trees. Every acre of corn fodder saved for ceding on the farm will release an icre of hay for market American dairy cattle breeders wero ;he first to substitute the butter record lystem for dairy cows. Ii there are any big weeds in your garden plot-harvest them very ccre 'ally that no seed be lost and burn hem. A single freeze may not huit on ous but repeated freezing and thaw ng wilL They should be kept dry md cool. The health of a horse depends on the ?oundness and proper adjustment of lis teeth. They are the millstones hat grind his food, and frequently leed attention. Blackberries and raspberries in ?orthern latitudes .should be protect ed. The simplest and surest way is ;o lay them down in the row and cov ?T lightly with earth. If the ground is not frozen too lard it is still time to plow up tho ;arden. Give a good coat of manure irst. Then leave in the furrow as ?urned up. Do not harrow. To destroy the carcass of a horse, lover with earth a few inches deep ind burn ; the fresh earth will absorb much of the gases generated in burn ing. Sprinkle on more as it burns. White clover is one of the very best pasture grasses. In England the au tumn sown fodder crops have come up 3iceedingly well, and altogether the imount of winter resources for the stock were probably never greater. To prevent head lettuces going to >eed prematurely, it is recommended ;o cut half through the stalk, just at me surface of the ground, with a marp knife. The remaining half of ?ho stalk allows the passage of sof ie ient sap to keep the plant alive, but aot enough for much future gromrth. Professor Bailey, of Cornell Exper iment Station,'recommends from 500 to 700 pound? of muriate of potash md 300 to 3.00 pounds of plain super phosphate per aore as au annual top iressing for mature orchards. Nitro jeu is seldom needed, he says, and is too apt to force a growth of too much wood. Monthly roses may be kept through the winter in good shape by being covered with hard coal ashes. A good way to do this is to put a nail keg with heads out over the bushes and fill with the ashes. When the bushes are too large for this use a larger frame. Of course this protection may fail in the case of the tender house, rose. People who are timid in working with bees can have' a safe protection from stings by the use of a dress suit able for the purpose. A veil and a pair of gloves that can be fastened closely at tho wrist will afford good protection. Many bee keepers prefer a thin rubber gi ove to any other kind. Mosquito netting can be used for veils, or a regular bee veil caa be bought,