University of South Carolina Libraries
PUULISUKD EVERY WEDNESDAY. MORNING BY DUEISO*, KEES? & co. TKIl.ttS O :.* SU!i<CItIPTlON. INVA!ITA?,LY 1 s ADVANCE. Too ADVERTISER ?J pnMMiMl regularly ev ery Wi'n.vKsrtAv MonxiNG, iii THREE DOLLARS per annum; ONE DOLLAR and FIFTY CTS. r?rSix Months; SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS for Threo Months,-otway* io -xdvance. fiit'AW paper? disr'wHne'l at th**, expiration of tho ti-ne fir which t'i'-y have been pawl. RVTES OF .vnVJ?IlTISINC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Adver'i?craente will '?e inserted at thc rate of ONE DOLLAR and FIFTY CENTS per Squnro (10 Minion linos or les.?.) f r the first insertion, and 0 <E DOLLAR for each subsequent insertion {PtTv-V liberal di-roon'will ho . made to those wi ?hin ?r to advertise hy tho year. Ainoiinein? Candidates $>,(W. in advanc?. ?'From the Aui;ii tu Constitutionalist. .* How Loua, O ! Lord t Attention is directed to the let'er ci our Charlrttt?n correspond 'nt, t:s wsefp appear ing thia issue. Much nf il is uevoted to fe finding uf a CeTttiu cou 'l martial in th. t cfry, and sine* its reception w*- baw bwii jmt in p ifisrshiua of a copy of Si'.i i finding, and the ord^r thereon issued, " by coauna:.d Mfij. (?en. ?. E. Sickle." trom IhWe s vurcea uf information, it ap p-'ars that loor nt -ii, accused of the m?rdei of three FcVleral sfldierx, l??ur mouths .-ince, have Iwet: adjudge ! guilty by a court niai tial, and thereupon sentenced to be hang?'', lu the ea.? o ?d' two of these men, the dea h . penalty has been c.ian<iod to imprisonment t..r lill', but, a'? ti? the others, it is deere.d b;.< this -Major General D. F. Sickles that they snail surely die. 0: the:r r*al guilt ur inno cone, we know nothing, but, under the Uua tttitution of these United plates," and the laws t?ereuiide)' made, if they suffer d-atli ? y 5 >? of thin Court, they dio* murdered tuen. I p to the twenty second day ol thi"> p tvsc r mouth an acquittal was thought certain, bu oa that day tue shameful fut went forth tiia'. they should die on the twenty-seventh. Wily this c.-uel haste, we know not. It may boto <;ut off any possible chance ol Executive clemency, but, be that HS it may, will suceij bring dowu the heart-curdling curse of Scrip t'ire ot tliOtu whose feet are swill to the ?Uedding of blood. The Work of the Military Commission Tho-Charleston correspondent of the Con sUtuiionalisi, tinder dale of tho 22d April, writes as follows : The findings of the military commission which was engaged for more than two months in the trial of Francis Gaines Stowers, o? lltrt county, Georgia, .md Jumes Crawford Keys, his sm, Robert I?73, and Elisha By rem, all of Anderson Court House, South Oirolina, charged with the murder of three Federal soldier*, at Brown's Ferry, Anderson District, on the 8th ol October last, have jus? transpired, aud if anything has occurred since the occupation of tho city by the Federal forces in February of last year bas excitf-d mora surprise amongst our cit iz ms, your cor respondent is at a loss to reu ember it. 1 have heretofore advised 3'ou of thc pro gress of the ?se, and expressed onr convic tions of the Value of tho testimony. Unac customed to tho particular 01* peculiar logic which way govern the discriminative minds of military men in balancing probabilities in judicial investigation devoid of all positiv: proof, (so far as proof is deemed positive ?ti civil cuurts,) the -public mind bad prepared itself for a verdict of acquitta, for all of the parties implicated. To tho attcr astonish Oie at of the whole community, the cour' {btitid all of the accused guilty, and sentenc ed hem lo execution. Th? sentence, how ever, bas been mitigated, and Robert Keys aud Elisha By rem ordered to be i m pris? ned l'or life, whilst Stowers and the elder Kej* are cot-demned to be hung at Castle Pinek ney, in this harbor, on Friday next, 27th of April. This, of itself, is unfortunate enough, but whim 1 add that the condemned are ordered lo bc executed fice days after thtir conviction, and before, ly any possibility, they can have an opportunity of taking leave of their fami lies, your readers will join me in the honest moit i ideation which is felt by our people at this extra-judicial proceeding.' An earnest effort will be made by their counsel, Anni stead Burt and Ge_n. James Conner, to ob tu'n a reprieve, with a view to -:uc out a writ of habeas corjjux. and obtain a new trial : aud unless the officer, upon whom will devolve thc responsibility of responding to their ap peal, is devoid of all magnanimity, they will be successful. In the meanwhile, and up to the lime of my writing, the prisoners are ru t awaie of their sentences, but uro ordered for removal to Castle Piuckney, where they will receive the first intimation of it to morrow. The findings of the court have occasioned a great sensation. All of the accused are persons of heretofore nabltuneablo character and ?ood position in their raftpecttye homes. Stowers has represented bis District in your Stati- Senate, and was, as I understand, de servedly popular at home. James Crawford Keys bas been the intimate friend of Gover nor Orr from early boyhood, and the Gover nor appeared as a witness to his unexceptiona ??e character. Il is impossible to tell what ? ill be U*e u?tini?te result of this affair, but J base an abiding hope that a botter oppor tunity will bc sl?bfde?l these men, whom ali. but the military, 1 eg ard as luQo?eut, for vin dicating themselves. - -?? The Findings of the Court. The following is the findings of tho Mili tary Commission, recently bold in Charleston, for tho trial of Francis Caines Stowers. James Crawford Key?, Robert Key?*, and Elisha Byrem : HD'URH, DEI''T OF Soi'Tit CABOMVA. ] CUARLKSTOX, S. C., April 21, IStW. \ [GESERAL ORDERS, NO. 30.j j. Before a Military Commission convened at Charleston, S. C., by virtue of Special Cr uders, No. 150 (sanes of I8G5,) from these fbeailquarters, dated Charleston, S. C., Uo <ceuiber {JGtb, I8'j5, and of which' Brevet Ma jor General Charles Deveos, U. S. Vols., is President, were arraigned ami tried : 1st. Francis Gaioea ?5tow?rs, (citizen of ?Georgia.) Charge I. Attacking with arms, forcing aud CYOrcom- ; inp a guard of i.he military fcrces of the Ut ited States. Charge It-Marder. Charge ///-Robbery. IPlca-not tUiiilty. .Of the Spoei?catiou 1st Charge, Guilty. Cf thc 1st Charge, Guilty. Of the Specification 21 Charge, Guilty. Of the Specification 3d Charge, Guilty,! except as to thc words " aud being armed with a pistol or other offensive weapon," and substituting therefor the words " being armed with pistols or other offensive weapons," and exceptiQ2 the further words, "and one pair of boots." Of the 3d Charge, Guilty; SENTENCE. To bo banged by the neck until he be dead, at such time and pl&eeaa the proper authori ty may direct. Two-thirds of the commis .sion .coxcurring therein. 21. Same- Crawford Keys, Robert Keys, iftnd Elisha ffjrr?n (citizens of South Caro lina.} ?Marge L. - Attacking witb arms, freeing and overaw ing a guard - of the mwitaty ?for.gjs of the lTn?ed5tates. ** Uhxrrtje ir-Murder. - Ckaryc Ill-Robbery. :Plea-J|iot2?iItyV. .'. :.'-'. ' . FWPJNt*. . ! \Of tba specification, Lst^barg^ g uiKy, i)t Ibo lat charge, gw?r, . Of the Specification 2d Cbarge, Guilty. Of the 2d Charge, Guilty. Of the Specification 3d Charge, Guilty, rx cept a? to the words, and one pair of hoots/' Of the 3d Cbarge, Gail ry. . SEXTBXrr:. To he h*ngfd hy the mck lill tlif, Lc dea l, at such timn and piaffas thf prOr-wr aiuhoii ty may direct, two third* id' .tho eoniUM't?aoii concurring therein. ]T. The pmccedings finding< and sc?>tenc s in thc above cas*?s ure approved u*::d cen ? firmed. Thc sentences in the cases ol Frates Gaines Stowers and Jam??3 Crawford K y-, will bc carried into execii'ioii under the di rection of the commanding officer of thc Post ot Charleston, at Castle PinckneyvOiiarUsio hirbor, on Friday, April 27th, lS'ifi, between til- h mrs of 10. p. m. nt:d '2 |> ni. III. Upon (he uuani'.ii'Mts r<*coin;n< i.datiou of the Commission, the rttiiteuCe* i:totliHcn**s ol ll "bi rt Ivtys and Elishi Ityrun ?ii?roni muted lo imprisonment lot* tito, in thc Stute Prison at Concord, New Hain psb ire. IV. The Military Commission of whjt-k Br.-vtit Major General Charles Deven*, iL o? Vols., is President, is hereby dissolved. By command of Major General 1) E. Sick les. . ? 0. II. IL? RT. Bvt. Brig. Gen. and Asst. Adjt. Genend. Official: U H Hart. Bvt. Brig. Gi n. and A. A. G. THE ? DY ER TIS ? rb JAMES T. BACON, FJMTOR. WEDNESDAY, MAV% 1S?G. Our Club Pvate??. WK are now furni'hir.g the ADVSRTlPKlt to Clubs Rt the following reduced rates : TES COPIES I'XK TRA is.?25.0U FlFTKKN t'OI'ltS 0X1. YV.AV.. "'.*>,on TWKMTY COPIE* OXI: Y KAI:. .?I."M Ku CIui>s received for :< les* peri.-I tliau ?he year. Tho ontirn Club inuit he sunt ut one limo. _?S?r*Auy one sending us Five New Subscriben; , und thc uio tty (S.I5J therewith, will receive one copy gratis. "Numbered willi Thy Saints in Glory Everlasting.'* It is our mournful duty to ri-tiee to day, Ibo diMt'i of ino Kv A nt nc? WII;KALL, formerly ot KJgefitilJ, wboio lita first hu if of hil? life wa? ..pout, but for ina-.y year* past, rector of difieren I Kpiscp il Churches in the low country. Drivi-n from iii.? home und (bick in Beaufort Distrio', by ?bo disasters of tho late war, be returned to Fdge tiold District, and neeepted ? school at Liberty Kill. There, ?t th J hoa.-e of Mrs. Louisa Siti-rp iiuiin. in the midst oj' a eomuiucny,,whose every number evince' for the dying Christian ibu deep ust sytsip itby and mo.-t noble devotion, he de parted this life on Friday thu 27th April lii?li, a?ed 5S. Oui: Editor. A deep sorrow has thrown lu melancholy shad ow over thc home of our Editor, and wu ure de prived for thc time being ot his wonted prosenco in thc sanctum. In thc great grief and anxiety ibm has encompassed his hearthstone we bug to min glo our warmest sympathies. Report of thc Krnziliiin Agents. With pleasure wu dcvo'.o much of our space this week to tho lon-; and highly interesting Re port of Messrs. M KIO WETS ER and SHAW, tbe Ageals appointed by thc Southern Cnlcrniz ition Society, cf this Disti ici, to explore certain por tions of Until. These g*n'.lcroeu hive discharged the onerous task assigned them with much cr?di to themselves and aro entitled to the plaudits ol t ie Society, and everyone interested ia thc coioiii r. ition projects nnv >o rife throughout our op pressed but beloved old Southland. May Festival* Derptle thc gloomy appearance of thc day tin Young Ladies of thc Kdgefield Pcnialo College are having, ns we go to pre.?a,- a brilliant und ?fleasant May Par?y af tbo""^?"!!^?- mimong. A~| g ty and joyi.ua time to lhere morry young Nks. Qa with your frolic sud your fun, ye bright dain tttU ?nd gallant beaus ; mid may euch and nil ol you be permitted tu participate in marry unuual returns of these floral and festal occasions. Returned Home. Wc were delighted to sro on our street? yester day Mr. Julius Day, arrested somo weeks since by the Federals, and lodgod in the Charleston jail. Ile was released on Friday last, we believe, o ti an indefinite parole. He brings good tidings from other citizens, of our District, who were al.-o in said jail, to the effect that all of them, with thc exception of Mosers. Lanham, Lowry, Powell, Minor, Cook and Benson, had been paroled, but ?ere not allowed lo leave thc city. He said it was thought that Messrs. Lanham, Powell and Lowry would soon be brought to trial. If so, we have no fet.rs of the ro.-ult if justice prevail*, und hope soon to hear of tb cir release, aid indeed of all the above ntuuiiiMfcd parties. A Working Institution. Thc S?u'.liern Express Company works for everybody, and to the entire satisfaction of every body. It is an almost indispensable institution.: and is undur tho maiiagemtut of thc most relia* blo and obliging men in tbe country. If you war.t uoytbng in thc sbnpo of freight, from a paper of pins toa lon of gimno, brought with dispatch from any point ou the bitbiUhle globe to youy f,v\\ domicil, put your order ia.thc Smthcrn Empress Ci>)u pi ny, mol in a jiffy- your wishes will te gratified, and at the moil reasona ble rate?. Thc Agent at Augusta ba? our tyarotft thanks for late Northern and Western papers. JS?f- WILLIAM URKCG, Esq., the President ol thc G.ranitcvillc Factory, has returned to his home ut Kalmia, in this District, after an absence of soifc cine months in Furopo. J&K ??, &?i?ie ?Sr Uro. These gentlemen arc now in rc?ei*)? .of enc ot ibo largest and bent selected aseoritaebte ot Car peting, Dry Goods, Groceries, 4c., ever ottered in Augusta. And they say said goods HIMS! bc toM, and in order to do s-o they have marked thom at thc rory lowest figures. The House that soils tho same quality <,f givo.l* at cheaper prices than BAILIE A BRO., will very BOOR go " up a spout." Try BAILIE'S, and our word for it, you will never regret it. Seo advertisement on another column. Oi n HAT'S (Jove -Thc very inleresting young gentleman reno surprised us on Thursday evening last with several hour.-: of bis delightful aud ro finod company, amt who loft on the cars early yes terday morning for his borne in thc country, unin tentionally, wo mourn to say, when bo left us, put bis hf nd?ooely shaped and intellectual head into the yr.?ng Uh.t:-ioto our bat-our broad brimmed, fhalloir-crowned, and supor English bkek. As thew ?"as no bjfmk"p'*t jute that bat, and as there is a history eonncctexj f.Jtb ll'.' opn- j orsbip which causes us greatly to prLe if, wei hope our young friend will detect his error, and that wu will once.mora .rejoice in its wear. In the meantime, however, for bis satisfaction we will say, that Duding his hat ? tolerably fair fit, aud rejoicing in thc assertion by our sweetheart lUlt it is becoming, wc w ill eortniuly not restore his to Llui any loss worn than ours will bc, should ho ever return tLk.t fi) ps. Can't tho h'-l^c-liu'd Adeettifer bunt .up that bat.-^.?./ // r/oii Cow ?er. Wo gratified to* iuiorm our friend, ?he Major, that wo bavo traced up that hut, have got thc " bricks " out of lt, and' will return it to bim l):e first opportunity. "J. M. V." dont liko tb? "broad brim,"-and Is anxious foran Ciolnngo Send up th at hal, Major, and tho "broad brim" ?ball be forth coming. Decorating Confederate Graves. In Augusta, ?rn Thursday last, thc 2(5:1?, tbe graVff? of tho gallant Confedurato dead, buried in tho Augusta cemetery, somo fou? bundrod in nutnbor, were visited by thc ladies of that ci?y and beautifully decorated with il >wcrs-a titling tr'bnte to tho memory of tho brave and beloved martyrs ^ufalh; sleeping there. 'Thousands were present to witness tho imposing ff?rejpony. The Stores were all dosed, and the .<*oyeriiwont o$r nit's likewise clcsed their o??oi -in honor of, !?> .0?ca>t?n. ' Air praise and gratitude is-duo tho no bl?'ia^ibs of AuS'ustar'foi' IbC 'spirit-ovar- 'maoi fcsiixlia beliabf of oar iitiroic Oonfederatc itddjer/, And cas ItamoTKfd CvpD^tM? ' J "Thc Cholera. We received yesterday thmugh our exchanges (nays the Courier -of ti j 27th) the uujv?loome intelligence of thc unabated prevalence ul thc ch..Lan on h;M>;d the :-!eur,?r Vi ninia. Dr. Bi-sol, Deputy Health Offici r,. in chu-ge ?.f the hospital ?hip F.?l. o?. at U,e lower-Qiiar.inline, re j <>r' ? i li rt ' ti v<" mw rafi-.- have l.e-n received ?n that vessel. Q;1 ,|1C 22d rix(y^igbt new cases ?ere in the hospital. Knur, death ii ppeurrul du ring the preceding nigh!. Thc it?u\m ship FA,j fouit'bad arrived from Halifax with a crew of otic hundred un 1 twenty-two men, sixteen L vbin passengers, and twelve hundred and two in thc steerage. Of this number two hundred and ?nc had died; Thc p-?eng? .> and cr-.w of thc Eng land wi re all w-1! :.t la't accounts. The vo?iel, however, wl'l be regularly q.ia-tntined a' the lo-vtr l. ?y. As yet no demits arc rep-rted ns having occurred in ?he city of New York. The authorities aro adopting al! posible sanitary mensures, and the citizens are giving'their atten tion to tho mutter of inspecting private promises. The New York Herald cf tho 24th says there need bc no (car of cholera in tho city if the Health Commissioners will do their duly. Dcm h frons Small Vox. Too iSinal! Pox on lb? increase in our nrdsl : loverai new eases ure ref Kir'cd,'and on SatnrJay evoijing la?t Mr. Wi?. Wi V.'IIITK, a most worthy and highly esteemed young gentleman, died with this loa-h-ouic di?a;e. The other c?ses are rcp rs?cn:cd in a mild form. Could coi, or should car) rtcp* he ickca at on?o to establish a Small Pox Hospital uear this Village? Wo kopo our worthy Intendant and Members of Council wiil ac? in the premises with ont rklny. The muter is urgr.ut, and requir, s prompt attention.. Decline in Got ton. 'J'iic?e L.ii bien u tupid dooli- e in C?tU?U within thc lasl.fcw days. Dat ev from Li V vt pool to the ljth, had been received, showing a dcc'i.to ul from 1 to ." t l. Middling uplands quoted ut Md. There was evidently a panic iii thc market, which may coon subside, when it is boped a better feel ins will prevail. New York date? of thu 27th, say C?>l tun has deel ?oed 2 to :l cents. Seles at "ll cents. Gold is quoted at 2SJ. The I'oor Alan's Friend. A STEVKHS, of Augusta, is emphatically thc po>.r man's friend, for li? is comba ting with a will against uxtortiou and hi.jii primos, and sooms determined to rule "Shylceks" elf tba track, und keep provisions within thc reach of every one. He is a large buyer, and is satisfiod with tho smallest profits. See bis Card, and sond on your orders. Ile deals fairly and squarely with all. The Sentence of thc Military Commis sion. On another column will bc found the finding; of thu Military Commission in tho cases of Slower*, Crawford and Hobt. Noys and Eyrcin. Wc arc pk-aicd to state however that thc Presi dent has intcrferrcd in the matter, and suspended the order of Gen. Sickles until furthor notice. The Clnrli-ston iVart, of thc 25th, says : "The following expltlns itself so weil that we arc quite sure our readers will be sulllctently in formed and delighted without further couraient from us : USADQ'RS,DKFAKT'T OF SOCTU CAUOUXA, 1 Charleston, S. C., Apail 2-ltb, IStl?. J [General Orders, No. 32.] In obedience le the order of tho President of thc United Stales, tho execution of the sentence of tho Court iu the cases of Francis Gaines Stow ers, .fus. Crawford Keyes. Robert Keyes, and Elisha Dyrem, published in Genoral Order? No. SO, current scries, is hereby suspended until the further order of tho PrctiJetit. Ry command of Major General D.-E. SICKLES. 0. H. HAUT, Brt Brig. Gen. and A. A. G. Official : ' 0. ll. HAUT, Bvt. Brig. Con. and A. A. G." The Daily Coroliiiinu. The Daily .SbirtA Carolinian recently published in Chariest >n, com'.-s to us now ina new and beautiful firm, from Columbia, as the Daily Caro If?TT?. F. ii. DBFOXTAIXH, i.?f|., ino latnirar ".PMISOXHE" of war time?, in the Proprietor; but he remains in Charleston, and will undoubted ly contribute from th-it point. In his salutatory tue Proprietor says t " It is proper to add, that the editorial man agement of tho Columbia Carolinian will bo in charge of Col. J. A. Sperry, formerly of thc KnoxjriJlo (Tennessee) lltgieltr, and until re cently, for thirteen months, an inmate of a Fed eral prison ns a "rebel editor." He will bc as si-tod in this department by Henry Timrod, E>q., F sq., whose name is too .well known in this citv te- require more (hun ?ts siruplo announcement a.? a guarantee of grace, strength, and ability in all that pertains to an editorial." The Carolinian combines in an eminent degree thc practical and the ncslhotic ; il is both a uso ful and a charming paper. We wish it much suc cess. Terms, $0 per annum. Spartanbnrg Female College. This excellent institution will open its next session, on tho Otb May, under the auspices of Rev. A. W. Cltxnisaa, D. D., so long und favora bly known as thc President of tho Female Col lege nt Ashville, N. C. Tho terms aro reasonable, and ure payable in currency, and not specie, as stated in advertisement recently published in thc Adcertiier. ^.?TTlie New Orleans Picayune says thc best evidence that reconstruction is rapidly taking place ii that clergymen aro kept riding day and l ight marrying young folks. Altars and bridals i re thc order of thc day in those pirti. Washington News. Below wc append thc lu tot news items and rumors from Washington, gathered from vatious sources : Tho I'rivident bas filled all tho appointments in Virginia for thc Interna) Revenue Department with parties who have taken thc lest oath. Gun. Sickles has been nominated by thc Senate as Minister to Ibo Hague. Tboro is no doubt whatever that Mrs. Jefferson Davis received permission to visit her husband. Thc French Minister had an audioneo with Scc relary Soward, on the 22d, and presented tho formal adh?sion of the french Government to the principle of non-iutcrvcnt?:.n, as o^plained by tho United States. Thc French Emperor kind ly and .cordially replies to our Government, ond engages to withdraw his toops from Mexico in three detachments, ono in November next, one in May, and ono in Novombcr, 1S07. It is stated that tho Reconstruction Commitlco have ?greed updn tho following important propo sitions: First.-The Constitution must bc so amended that hereafter no State shall make a discrimina tion in ils laws or Constitution on account of color. Second.-After the 4th of July, JS7C, negroes shall have tho right to Vote. Third.-No representation will bc allowed be tween f S;'.y end '570 tor n-groes not allowed to vote. Fourth.-The Southern States to be represented un those eruditions on laking the oath. It is stated on authority that tho trial of Mr. Jefferson Davis by court martial, nov/ coutcni p'alud by the military bureau of justice, cannot take placo, all triais of Euch a oharactor, being precluded by the poaco proclamation, and tho if resident and Sc-;ot'j-y Soward being docidedly al veno to such a cari se. In lunjjre&ijon of this Opinion is tiiu release OD nando of Clorjeat C. Clay. Statements are also published that thp Attor ney Ucnoral, under instructions of the J'rcsidunt, ls preparing for the arraignment of Mr. Jefferson Davis bororc the" United Slates' Circuit Court of Virginia. All Ihoro is in tho matter is tho fact that Ibero have been numorou? consultalions, not only with regard to Mr. Davis, but others, for conduct growing out of circumstances connected with tho'late war. Pardon^ have been granted in tho cases cf Mayor Monroo und Alderman Nixon, of New Or leans. . Tho eh irges which were brought Bfjniust thes? gentlemen were refuted to tho saliafaction of tho Pr?sident. i ? M tn- .-.---.-?-.'-<?- s>-?-?-u*!--, ,' ^r?Tlita'?*?kc'ns- ?onVidr. rayi- /float ibo p/oj.r peet tot a fine wheat crop in 1hSU.'Dripie* uri* wot ?tilter. R/Pttld fnittfiltgpt?ifcfnrk < .'.<?;-ii.'-.v ; '.i '-V . :J i. -ai :\ F*Jr tho Advertiser." Mu EDITOR:-Muro than six months ago, and before the policy of the government towards US. wa? clearly indicated, thc minds of tl,ou>andiro? our people wure"undecided ?? to their future des tiny. The prospeqls befuro thcto wore so -is cuiinijjiiii, that macy indeed resolved tn a'J MU don their lunn,-a, th ugh li??i'-?ct by ?ll the c bombeo; recollections of their youth, a''d consacrai ul by the blood of heir mnihood, und tassels un asylum; airing sif-angcrr, in a for dictant land. With tLi?L purp?.'o in view, they finned them-' reives i n t? a Southern C lionization Society,olvotsd thu Bullering ed Frcr?deut und designated Major lttiKT. MKIMW.':TIII:II and Dr. II. A. Sn.uv, of this District .tod State, ns their events to procoed to nras.il, explore the conn'ry, tn tho neeoSSH ry arrangotiirnti for their'remnvjij. HU<I, in any evett, l?< report :o one tho revuH of their observations. Thal Ileport I hiivo Clio boner, herewith, to submit, and at the request of many ?ilb?ons, lo offer for publication. Its intrinsic 'merits will recommend it to the perusal of your readers. And our political sky is not yet so clear, that the eye of reason may noi tura towatds a brighter llouv en for relief from the doubt and obscurity, that here envelope its vision. Vcryrrc?pectfttlly &t, t JOSEPH ARKEY.' _ . 5To Maj. Jut. Abify, Pfr*hkn1 Soutient Culoul zat?o-.i Sor 'cty,?? Etlyfivhl C. lt., Sn Cn. Slr,-In obedience to written instructions re ceived from you, to examine portions of the Em pire of Broth*, and report to you {he result bf our investigations, as to climate, productions, laws, re ligion .tc, we Nt Augusta Ga., nbtut the ISth of Oct. 1S65, on the R. R. via, Washington City, where we procured passport?, ?nd proceeded lo New York. Securing passage on tho Nnrth A mer ion, one of thc Brazil and United States line of Steamers to Rib "DeJaiiciro, wc U-ft^New York on the 30lh of October and arrived ?f^Rio, on Ibo' 2Gth ol' November. At Rio wo mut several gen tlemen from the South, who had been in Brazil, several months, on thc same misoion that carriud us thither. Amongst them we formed thc ac quaintance of Dr. GASTO* of Columbia, S. C., who had made rather an extensive tour in tho in terior of tho province of Sf. Paulo. He intro duced us to his Excellency, Paulo Sus?, Minister of Agriculture, to whom we explained tho objects of our visit, and presented our credentials. The Minister offered us every facility, desired in the prosecution of our investigations, furoi.-hing trans portation, a guide, an Interpreter, and in most cases, food and lodging. Thc portions of the Empire wc wera instructed to* visit and examine, were so extensivo, and so difficult of access, with tho moans of transporta tion attainable in Brazil, that more than two years' would have boon required for the accom plishment of an enterprise Wo thoroforo coneiuded to selrct a portion of the Territory' desiguuted in our instruction?, which we supposed best adapted to the-wants and necessities of our poop'o at borne, and to confine our examinations to that particular 'Province. . Ou our voyage out, we stopped at Ternambuco, where wc satisfied ourselves that tho climate would not suit tho people of our State. It lies within 10 degroi-5 of the Equator, and perpetual Summer reigns thoro. The elimata is damp and hot, though said to bo healthy, but yet the ever lasting heat mast enervato tho system api break the constitution of man. In this province, how ever, is grown the best quality of upland cotton. Extracts from an English paper" now at hand, quote Pornambuco cotton Ht froml to lid higher* than any other ia tho groat colton mart of the world. Sugar and tobacco are also grown Lere in great perfection. We stopped also at Bahia, two or three hundred miles south of Pernatubuco, whore also cotton, sugar, tobacco and all thc Tropical fruits are grown in great per.'cction. Still the climate, as in Pornambuco, is Equatorial, and liable to tho same objections. AftoT full and complete inquiry and investiga;.) ?gimtmi ni ? ?in ???? ui Ji.-ru uni, tyTng" ootwooo 22 and 20 degrees South Latitude, appeared to UJ thc most suitable for our people, on account of hoalth, climate and productions, being by its whole length and breadth, just within the fros linc, except its higher tablo lands, which aro free from frost the year round. With tho-purpose of exploring this Province thoroughly, wo left Rio in company with Dr. GASTO*, who as above stated, had seen a considerable portion thereof, with tho guide and interpreter, whom the Minis ter of Agriculture bad commissioned to attend u; and went by Stoamcr to Santos, its seaport town Wo examined the country around this place, for fifty miles, but wero not satUfiod with its health fulness, productions or soil. Convincing ourselves that the country, lying between tau mountains and seacoast, h ?td no large bodies of fanoiug lands, we directed our atten tion to lin in'erior, beyond the mountains which bound tho coast. Therefore, we took tho cars over tho Si Paulo and Santos RaibEoad, the pro prietors kindly giving us freo passugo both going and relurting. This Rail-F. iaJ is not yet com plcteJ, bit tho cars pass over it to about tweuty miles beyjnd Che city of St Paulo, the capital bf thc provir.ee of thc samo name, and it is graded to Jundicc, brly milos from tho ccpitul. Its whole complete!*length is eighty or ninety miles, con necting tb interior of the province with thc sea board, at Santos. This port, wo omit.ed to mon tion, huso, vory capacious harbour, un inlet for ships of tie largpstclass, and by thc first of June, it is tboujht, its Rail Road will bc finished. A survey h$ boon made to continue it about ono hundred niles farther lo Rio Clara, but no por tion of it li under contract, and gentlemen con versant wlh its affairs, imagine some time will elapso butro operations lo extend it will c-in menee, j At St.Philo wc wero provided with animals to prosecute ?our journey over a country almost without rad-, for tue entire transportation in the interior ??done on packs, except that now and then, a balook cart is seen hauling at short dis tances, o?r roads which our wagons certainly could notipass. Those carts are ot thc most primitive parader, the wheels nnd axles are fas tened togthcr, nud nil turn together in moving. \Ve haj'e ot?n soon OJ many as ten oxen drawing at ono uart and sooictijBei many Igore, and not carrying turo than two thousand pounds. The oxen too, ne UM fiue as wo have over scon. Our first dm was to examino a tract of country lying bctwQn two mountain ranges, drained und connected ?nth tue sea by a navigable stream, where wo Ttre informed, were largo bodies of pub lic lands, sid then to survey a portion of country further in ic interior, whore wo heurdfwero also public tann, and those the richest and boiltbiest of tho j*?r'oi nee. We commencod our tour on tho ISth of Dc ember ISM, going to Itipctaningnn, the naarosl)ois ov.a- the mountains to our desti nation, bu1 on arriving thorc, learned the utter iinpraetics Hty of crossing. Neither man nor bou'st cou!?pass at that point. Prom thence to ?.irorua, ? iulc tc syn OM tho fiver lguano, the hood, of ha ?gatiorij whioa wc uoeircd ti, reach, it was forty i ]0g 0r les.", and wc were ?dvisc'd U would take ive days to reach it, with no provis ions for m i- or animal on the road. We also heard from rhat wo doomed good authority, that although 11' lands weft rich, tho elimato all along the real mountain rango of this coast, which sopa tej! fjlc interior from the seaboard, is M *fSr?fRj 'J Iguliun and corn can not bo sueeess f';'1"'produ td Sope'onu laughingly roumrked that it rain J three h'undrod aiid ?ixly1 six dilys in the year onjljo Big Serra, us they call this moun tain rango o Bratil. It was therefore plain", that we eh |C ]|3.4 tu abandon tkfj partoftjip trip or tho hor, and bera we ogrocj with Dr. GARTON, t)i ; ho should go over the mountains the lands in that .direction, whilst tho other. Tho Doctor promised to account of . his investigations, .and wo engagetjto do th? samo for him. This was ! all'subsequjuly done, nnd his report to us will I be appendejto this. We thoroforo ohanged our f*i course tow^ the interior, in tho direction of j I Botucatu r^Lon?oof, wbero we heard thord/* J were pnblfaindj, bnt on our arrival there, found,'* i r^'^?W ^?..w?ft.4p.wned..f.y p^lj - ?tafeo?-fa*Rdr*? .waimj.it i a i.--*n ... ?. and cx<imi( wo turned give usa f| -thc direct ~ : s ?jw miles. Tbe present terminus of the Pw ?risfif tctn or twenty miles nearer. The roa<l, if road it inay be called, leading to it, pnssos^jiver a tract ot country; excipt for some twenty hr forty miles, called lore c*. ni pe,-wi:hont trees or otborgrowth npon it iban-gras.-, ojud a tow ?mall bushes. Tl?: la'idsoii ihW? campos aro not cultivate^ .'nt alfi but'iis..-d fur pastures'. Tho peoplji here-con tend that if plou?hed, they would produce well, but no pne bas tried it. In our opinion, they are not fir for farming purposes. . As intimated .above ihtTc aro s?mo supr.ri r fanning'l inds on lh\> route, and wc saw colton that would utklQJ one thousand poiiuds per i?crc, or mure, mid crta^tbal would yield twenty tivo or more bushels portiere, all cultivated with thc hoc. Wo saw cotton.in a l stages t f grovrrb,-sovie just ptanied. and somr up five or six inches.-some in full blo>.m, and some planted the year previous, with bolls open. Wo also saw cdtt?ngiris af.work, driven by stearn, by water and by hand.' All thc cotton hero is of good quality. Tho traveller in going from St Paulo to Botu catu, with the exception of theso twenty or more miles of good farming lands, and a patch of wood land now and thon, on which arc usually a hons. and a small field, planted in corn and benns, will say ho hus travelled over avast plain unfriendly to agriculture ; ard so, io our opinion ii is. Lu: in tbe mi^M of this uitcn.-ive campo.or plain, or if-you please,-barren waste, suddenly rises up a 'mountain or succession of mountains, about fifi y or sixty miles long, by ten or twelve mile? wido, evidently of a peculiar volcanic formalin). A* this mountain District wa? the moat interesting visited, wc exnmiaed it with fhe greatest caro, and satisfied ourselves tu at it contained, the rich est lands, wo had ever seen. This immense and inconceivably fertile tract is owned, and, to some oxtont, cultivated by small farmers. Ask a man " how ra?cb land do you own/'and his usual re ply is " I do not know exafltly.-bul it ts four, sixi or ten mllef^lou^, and from four k> six miles broad." Tbolands of Jlrar.il, except in rare iu stance*, have not been surveyed, and no one with whom we have conversed on this subject, knows how much land ho owns.-All guess. Wo saw com growing on these lands, which would yield more than fifty bushels per acre. Tbe timber is cut down, allowed to Ito and dry for two months, com monly, and then set on fire. All tho timber not contained by tho fire, remains jost as thc fire left it, till it rots. Then usually with a stick-sharp ened at the end, some-times with a hoc-a hole Is made in thc ground, "tho. seed, from five to tefl grains, put into this , hole and covered .with the foot, and this is all tho cultivation the crops re ceive. Corn, cotton, rice, sugar cane, tobacco, cotice and all the Tropical fruits grow herc in great perfection. We siiw poaches and grapes al?o of good quality. The most of these lands arc exempt from frost,-tho health of this region is said to be unexceptionable-tho water of the purest freestone, and the wat?r-power equal to any in the world. Stock of all kinds, bogs and cattle especially, ure superior. Tho usual depth of soil is supposed to.be thirteen feet, but it is known to bo twenty or inore in some places. If this tract of country had convenient and easy communication with tho trade of the w. rid, if thoro might he 'any to equal, thoro could certainly ho nono to surpass it. Its present outlet is by tho Bail Bead, ono hundred and twenty fivomiles to its terminus, and from eighty to one hundred miles by it to Santos. Another outlet may be oponed for It across the Big Sorra alluded to above. In that direction, it Is from eighty to one hun dred miles to steamboat navigation. - These lands can be purchased" at from one to two dollars per acre, and some tracts'or parcels with considerable improvements. If a largo number of families from tho States should settle thero, we hive been assured official ly, that good roads will bo opened up immediate ly; and it is practicable to connoct this District by R. B. with tho St. Paulo R. R., or by R. R. over the Big Sorra to the head of navigation. ...Bunning parallel with this mountain rango is ttl? rhr?rJI i ml Tn ???.??I. iiUJUlj-lilliUIS tant, on cither side of which, art lands of the host quality, producing erory description of crops, except cofibe, in tho groatost perfection and abun dance. There wera some fields of as good, if not better cotton than wo cror saw before and without doubt the best " cultivated grass,*' whole fields of which were from five to seven feet high, and eaten by the animals with the greatest evidi ty. Thorc too, we found corn good enough for any couutry. Fifty bushels por acre is a small estimate for it. Oar Information Is, that foi more than one hundred miles down this vallo;-, thc same quality of land continues. It belongs to private individuals, aad can be bought at from fifty to seventy-five eta per acre. It is proper to mention hore, that tho Torritory forty or fifty milos south of the mountain rango above referred to is in the hands of tho Indians. Thc lands in this valley wo boliovo to bo as good for cotton as any In tho United States. Tbo ordinary estimate of this crop is from two to three thousand lbs, with but little cultivation. -Tho character of the soil is what is usually called with us "Mulat to," and its depth from eight inches to liva feet. But a great objection to this exceedingly fortile valley Is, its liability to chills, which are some times malignant. In describing theso lands more particularly, it is perhaps propor to remark, that the mountains, though ribing to a considerable height, have usu ally sevor.il long slopes almost level in ascending them, and the larger portion of them is level enough for cultivation. You go along aslope slightly ascending, for ?"vcral miles, then up s steep ascent for a half a milo orso, to another long slopo almost level, and so on till you reach the summit, which is also a largo level tract, from a half to two miles wido. This land is nearly all "torra roccho," of the first quality. 'Ino.wood? aro apparently ono immense oanobrake, though tho cane is much largor than that grown in the States, and called here "bamboo." Timber is abundant; including furniture wood of the finest grain, and that most suitable and required for ship-building. Wo have boon particular in the description of 1 those lands, for if a number of our people go to I Brar.il,-tho Districts of Botucatu and Loncoes and j the adjoining lands of tho Tiete river, constitute < the section wo advise them to examine. In bur i opinion, a pplondid futuro awaits this portion of i tho province. , We saw other good lands, bnt they were in a | high state of cultivation,. for Brasil, and could i not be purchased for less than twenty-five, j and a hundred dollars por acre, since they were plantad in coffee. At Arraquarra, about two hun- t drcd miles from St. Paulo, a tract of country,-a t Facienda as it is called there,-is offered for sale, ) by Dr. GAVIAS of St. Paulo, containing from one " buudred and forty to one hundred- and eighty i thousand acres of land for one hundred and twen- t ty-five thousand dollars, on a credit of ten or t fifteen years if desired. We examined this, and 1 suppose that from fifteen to twenty-five thousand s aores of it are of good quality, inoluding some t poffee hinds, and would produce corn, sugar Ac, to perfection. A large portion of it is campo, bot s the best quality' of campo we have' Seen . in the ( province. Tho other is woodland, and whM pro- t duce corn and cotton very well. The fifteen to ] twenty thousand acros of good land alluded to t above is " terra roccha" as tho Brazilians term it, f which means land of inexpressible richness and g fertility. Upwards of two hundred at very fine ?i cattle aro Included in this great bargain ; and a t dwolling hcuEO, socio outbuildings and ono hun- w tired fieros'bf cultivated land comprimo the im- r. provcm'cjits op tho place. EAflh''of us bas a m^'p fl of this great prlyqte domain and wil) furnish it to any one who 'desires it, with ail thu information n we have in regard to its advantages. jj Lands which Ho too low for oe??o, are very h little estimated by the Bras-linns, and in the p District of Cumpenas, within twenty or thirty E milos of the K. R. are somo very fine tai ms, of p this description, with good improvements, which si :an be purchased for from two to five dullurs per d icre. Much of theso"'lands aro "tetra roccha," ind all of them will produje corn,' sugar- cano ti ind cotton, admirably. Two gentlemen fronrthu li Stales, oue.froia AUbama and the othor'from Jil Lio:uduna, have aircady pnrchasfd APd.fettled il ttrVau'.Vc ... .': . jd "4 Dr. Gaston repnJtV^that-arW' overcdminf lifficulty of passing th? mountains, and the i for? and fatigue incident .ttyoralo. he pufj?Yc nvcstigations in the direction-of I?u.ape :nnnnno;i, and found large "bodies of public lo ?Lieh.although n/.t so ri .hjas'thef' terra'ro?i if the interior, -yer producing largo crop ?or#[?ngar e:inr. MOP, /'( hirco, andy in sonn tances, c?Tce. Titi few dayVli* rotoni oed t! ,h?'rw.eath<-,r was pl?ai?ati^, and the fran-por?i Sisy'iind cheap, costing less.thnn ono bal (Sn? trice fronttSpinferi'ir. Fe thiiitcs it heal ixcept ontbiwat'T?nurses, and the price ot ands ii nniy-twen'tjitW'i eli per ncrc, o" ii v ?f fivo yoars without interest Several fata From Alabamaoml T?xa? have- already soi there. We hope this section uny bc as des? is the Doctor imagines, fur it is imm?diate! wo of thc routes to a seaport, from thc exe ingjy feflilo ' DisVricls described above, rind iniprnvemorif?'of- its territory, irfll assist in settlement of the other. Tho river Igu;.p navigable for steamboats as far up as Xirc distant.from thc District we have chosen, o' one hundred miles, but unlike thc Ticte, its n gation is uninterrupted ly falls and shoals. We deem if our doty to state, that tho prie negroes has dicrcafed one half during" out in the Empire. ?It i* said that thc outside sc ment is the cause. At any rato nil classes a'* that the day is not distant when emancipa must come. We have beard pf some gang negroes including men, women and children, ing offered by the year Jpr fifty dollars e; though the usual price is from sixty to a husc and twenty. For plantation hands, tho hirer -t all expenses. The law requires the purchasers of land: pay'sixper ct. cash, one time, on their primo c as n tax to the government. With this except the farmor, we beliovc,, never pays any tax riog life. Wc will also mention,.that it is thou by well infurmod persons, that this small bur will soon bo removed from all immigrants. The ben 1th of the table lands of this Provil is represented by tho native and'foreigner as t 'jnnd, with tho exception of the flats and grounds near the larger rivers, which are s jact to chills and intermittent fevers. A few s ci lie diseases, as Cintro and Leptpsy are se Cosos of the latter appear but seldom, thong considerable number of the former are olser among the poorer classes. It is thought genet ly to be produced by poor diet, damp bouses The temperature also throughout tho tabre bin notwithstanding we were there during the su mer months, varies from 56 to 3.6? in the sha During winter, it varies gc tic ral ly, we undt-rsts from 40 to *5?,'though sometimes it comes do to tho freezing point producing ioei. ?> . In Santos, tho seaport of this Provinco, -ah forty-five miles from the Uble lands, and ah three thousand feet lower, the mercuary var during the years 18-VJ and '64, from 07.1 to s: vie : January 83.3, February 82, March 79, A] 77.3, May 69.3, June GD, July 67.1, August 81 September 70.3, October. 71.0, November 74 Deccmbor 7S.2. ' The principal objections to the country a-e, t language, Portugese, thc mixed class of its po] lation, and the want of proper facilities' for ec cation and transportation, though it appoars fr all tho facts wc cou d gather, that there is a s tea improvement in tho two latter objections. This report would be incomplete and nnsal factory, if concluded without a statement of I prices, particularly for tho necessaries of li The cost thed of cloariug forest lands acco -dil to the custom of the country, is front $1.50 $2.00 per acre. Horse:, domesticated, can bought for from $30, to $40 ; unbroken, from $ to $30; mares, from $5 to $10 ; Jacks, from li to $100 ; pack mules, from $25 to .$30 ; rid i mules, from $40 to $30 ; unbroken in lots, fri $12 to $15; fat hogs woighing two hund? pounds each, from $5 to $3 ; brecdors and pi; in proportion ; Sheep from $1.50 to $3.00, in rior and scarce ; goats, from $1 to $2; milk cot lfl lotsYHom $o to $IU ; single 31Z to$tt>; ox fat, from $12 to $ .'0; work oxen, from S ?0 to $1 corn usually from 50 to 75 cte., though durit this summer, there has been a great scan-it caused by a dronth, daring last season, said be the first for nearly twenty years. We f a from 75 cts to $3.00 por bushel. Leans are wor from $1 to $1.25 per bushel ; rico from $2 to $?': coffee from 7 lo 10 cts per lb; leather from $3 : $5, per side ; sugar from 6 to S ces. ; rum fro 25 to 30 cts per gallon ; banannns, limes ar lomons from | to . ct. each: oranges Oom A to st each, and pineapples abundant, vnd in suaso (rom 1 to 2 cts. ouch. . , The above are the prices furnished us Ly cit cons in thc interior. In the larger Towns, mo: jf theso products, particularly fruit, are inuc nigher. Thc religion of thc State Ja Catholic, thoug ill others arc tolorated, still no Protestant is al owed to build a steeple or place a Cross on hi church. Should ever our peoplo bc disposed t< mmigrate to Brazil, it is of tho utmost itnpi.r ance that there should be a concert of actioi imong them. If they contemplate going in anj :oosid<rablc numbers, preliminary r.rrangcmenti hould bo niado for ?helter and sdhsistcneo, am di of thom should celtic within a reasonable dis ance of ono another. If this important consul. Talion is lost sight of, many will, it is feared iccoino dtssatifiod for tho want of proper associa nt n, neighbors ?c., and tho result will he, that hoy will nave to move-to other American settle oents, or be morgedrin a short tim?, in the for igu cloutent by which tboy will he surrounded. I few families, or a few dozen families can li Ed m. io subsistence and ehollcr ir. most of thc set. lenients visited by us, but if more than these roposc to settle far in tho iotepor, at thc same Une* wc would advise them in order to avoid dis ppuinttnont and distress, to make ample prepara ion before doing so. Notwithstanding wc utter beso words of caution, tho citizens assure us hat they will have plenty to sobsist a very irge number of immigrants, and io some ates have offered, with that generosity pceu i? ta the first class of Brazilians, to divide alf their subsistance with us, without com uusation. This offer includes corn, sugar' ?ffeo, rico Ac. Flour cannot be had in the in ;rior,-tfs there it- no whoa!- grown in St .Paolo,. Hough we understand; that at ont -time- wheat 'as one of tho principal articles of export from als Province. We believe fro ?fl tuc (.jat*acter of no best lands, that it could bo grown with per :ct succoss. The government allows all immigrants lo*in roduce, for their owo use, freo of duty, nil ar des of prime necessity, such as tools of all ?ods, wagons, gear, machinery, furniture 4c. 'bis should not be forgotten-by the emigrant, for j tho interior, you will find only tho hoe, nx, ill hook and bullock cart, abd they, except the oe, of the rudest manufacture. Ploughs can be ad only io the larger Town.-, azd none have been ?en by us that aro suitable for the ordinary cul vation of the products of this country. Seed ofevery vorioty, especially fqr the garden, iiould bo carried in bottles, securely corked, lothing, shoes, hats, dry goods dc, can le ought cheaper'iu -Brir.il than in the United States, loavy shoes for-plantation use, however, are ?arc? in this market. They should -bc taken .om the Sutes, and also pluugh-gcar of all dc :riptions, ns well as cooking utensils. Perhaps ; would be advisable for each family to provide icmsclrcs.iWitt a suitable cooking store, as they 111 find nc' chimneys in thc interior, brick scarce nd c- penni -o, and stono not very abundant in ip Trinity fef-the bcs'f.'tfcnds. 1 '.' Transportation from New fork to ilio De Ja ejp) hy thc mail steamer has been reduced to 200 la-gold, second class #100, children at tho - roost without oust, fr?tn twelvo to fourteen, half rico, under twelve, one third. All emigrants to razil aro allowed a discount on this lino of 30 cr coat. : thc first class paying $110, and tho scond class - 70. But we cannot tell if a similar eduction is allowed tho children. ? .The s loante rs on this line make -tho tri pin 1 ?onty six days, hiving tb touch-at sevoral places i i the discharge of tWr Ti sties. Passage can bo I ?d'on'agood soil Vcsso? at moat of ibo ports of '. ie United States," at irom $7J fe' 5100 for tho first j I a and fat the SKOBA t?f? al :ntuA Jess, pn-li ? - - . .'? ' i bap/one Val?," the time tooling fTolrn^fortyto sixty days. From Ilia to Santos, the principal seaport of St. Paulo it would cost about $20, though we ?>ee that tho Government has gincroutdy assumed tbitf bunben i'ptilf, ?nd from thence to the ince *.** nt* * -rii)r,..ycu ear, pa-s over n P.ntir-'ud fur about nine ty mlf?s> We have already furnished yon. with HO abridged rerort of thc li.it of Brazil, setting .fortn'eli ihc poittta in wl?cli the emigrant is in. -t?r?stcd, and will not elaborate thereon in this expended roDimunication. K'Tii conclusion, you will pardon us for indulging iu some general observations, as the truthful re sult of our experience. Tho rut domain of Bra zil contains the most fertile soil in the Univorse, and more cheap lands tn allure the cen i graut than any other nation under the SUD. For the supply of the millions that win soon -be flocking to her shores, the abounds in the precious molal; and costly g?nTv?&r ia the most'v?luable produc?s known to commerce,' '?Toe entilo upon a 'bou sond hills?' are.hcrsi'and-jcay Lo y ours, and inch cattle as man never, beheld in any other clime. The earth yields-almoit spontaneously, the grain -and fruit and vegetables/ tb afc most .tioligbt the palate and satisfy the wants of. mon. * To gratify tho sportsman, the'woads are'f?ll of game, of deer,_of wild bog?/and, par.trMgcs and.quails, end of the mn.'t delicate bird? of every buo add of every description, whilst her innumerable riven and water courses teem with"fish .of the greatest variety and the -finest flavor. r And if the people do not catch and eat, it is only because ber ether produirions aro-so highly prised that they deem K-tRa?r-to devott/tfceirTHne toAhVwFuodto "fish with silver hook*." TtterV-is nothing that man needs or cun'faney, which ho may rot raise or procure here, with'the least ira agi ns Me toil. Her water power is sufficient to drive all tho machine ry in tbc world, and her natural and material re sources arc equal to thc support of the population of China. Below Rio, the seasons are prechelj opposed to ours, their spr?ng or planting season; beginning with the begih'ning of ourTaU, and their'siiroDJrr beginning with our first, ard ending with our last winter'month. But that nothing m?y be wonting for tho encouragement of the agriculturist, in this happy region, unliko most of the other por tions of the babitablo Globo, the summer is its ??wet, and-tho. .wintir its dry.seasnn, and its good ?nds never wash away. - It may be asked however, what' are the hin drances and drewbacks'to the population and de velopment of this wondrous territory ? > What natural ottimics has it to-rnan, and to the product* of the earth, what wild * ferocious animals, and enormous reptiles to diUurb his repose, and what noxious insects -to. destroy tb??ruit* of his labor? When we answer these questions frankly, you will bo amazed at tbe hallucinations under which '.you have labored all your lifo-- We traversed one Pr vince for over a thousand' milos, taking six months from our departure hence, to make our explorations, and during tho whole of that period, we discovered no ravenous beasts worlh naming and only three or four sorpents of diminutive size, and no more to be feared than those seen every day in your fields and forosts. Tho insects that prey upen the crops, including tho red ant, are not so destructive as those'which infest our richest lands, and thero is no rust or sufGeiant frost to check or obstruct tho growth of their beautiful cotton. Moreover, since thc memory of man, there has been no earthquake there, no sub terranean fire, no volcanic eruptions to.appal tba heats or to disturb the security of its inhabitants, and its men and women. live -to a riper old age than even itt this once favored country. Though thero aro a fow legal and religious or canonical impedimenta to tho foreigner or emi grant; sueh as that he may not rcioh ono or two of the higbost offices in the State, and may not, if a Protestant, erect a Cross upon bis Chcrch, yet the whole spirit Of Brazil is opposed to such hindrances, and a mighty and united effort is now being made, with the most certaiu prospects i r marr -. *g piare thff nafpraJi??^ otfajaai and thc native Brazilian on an exact equality, io all rights, in all privileges, and in all honors chat the Government can bestow. The constitution of the Empire is modelled after the British, abating some of the most ob jectionable features, such as tho rights of primo geniture, and a hereditary nobility, and the working of the government is harmonious, steady, just and powerful. Thc Emperor is a wi-c :;nd magnanimous Ruler, sprung from an intellectual and illustrious race, an4 ready at all times to condescend to any man or thing, compatible with the dignity of his crown, for thc advancement of. the interests' and the glory of bis country* Ile and his ministry, and indeed, bis entire people, appear to bc animated und actuated by the samo onlargeJ and generous views of the future great ness and tbe destiny of his wile and magnificent realm. Thc foreigner on entering his dominions tiods no prejudices to combat, no antipathies to ivoid, but a liberal Minister ready to welcome, ind a population to grset him, and a Sovereign to offer him the powerful protection of bis gov ernment. A 1 <rge society for the promotion of emigration ha* been organized, and some of the ablest and roost honored personages in tho country appoint od its directors. Its special objects are to aid ind take care of tho foreigner on his landing, to protuet him from want as well as from the frauds of tho designing, and to vindicate his rights and ; ririleges before the Government ?nd the councils of (he nation. Tho Government has also estab lished a Ho tel for the shelter and nccommodation of thc same cla6S of individuals. Corps of engi neers and surveyors have been appointed to open rjada and survey lands, and lhere is r. spontane ous movement of the whole Empire to open wide tis anns for tho men of enterprise and labor of all nations who havo a mind to seek the grandest theatre for "the exercise of their energies and the display of'their genius ever presented on thc face of the green earth. Very respectfully, Your obedient servants, ROBT. MERIWETHER, H. A. SHAW. ?S^-From the Grec'hvillo"Mountaineer we learn that Champion and Turner, who Were convicted for horse-stealing ot the 'Greenville Court, a?il sentenced to be hung on tho 27th ult, made their escape from jail by means of a key furnished t? thcn> hy s?'m? opp, of cbnrse^n^noyp, ' ' " jE^-TheNcw York Tribuno proposes, In fu ture, to try white people in tho South ji?fore black ?aries on the ground that that is the only way to secure their conviction. What next? tSTTho Provost Judge in. New Orleans has been placed in jail, charged with swindling. Ma ny cotton agents also have bcon arrested, and ar?. " applying lor writs of haltons corpus, which is re fused. f3t?"The mules have the rinderpest in tho up per part of Louisiana. Thirty-eight died on one plantation in ono night, twenty-five on another, ind twenty on another. iT-iJ^ J:?sr Wpbb, of Cincinnati, committed r.ij : ide bccnAisO ber lover was a married mari. ES^* The Richmond Examiner says:' ""'We are nftrtned by physicians that the mortality among legr?os is terrible, far exceeding the pr.-portit.n hat prevailed during ibo existence of slavery, md that tho producing causes are filth, negket ind over crowded houses." ??rTkc editor cf thc Crescent Monthly fur bishes indisputable proof that the widely ?ircula ano, kyod ptojj, "Alj ^uict Along the ?uU 8?Ja'SMjjfct,**?s written by $r?sthtl Reer?, if New York city, and fir^t appeared io Harper's IVoekly, Nov. 80, ?861. Literary piracies gona -ally como to light sooner er lulcr. What bas Ur. Lamar Fontaine to say for hijustd: ? tSt The caso of the United States vs. the Sreonwood plantation ?? Broxton Bragg was up icforc the United" States Dbtrict Court at New )tl?.ana on last Monday. After hearing, the lourttecedibat, after deducting costs and tax !s, amounting >o $5,504,12, and the judgment ia avor of D. Augustin for ?500, there be paid to J. Et. Maur? ^8,763,72, and to Pierro Lored $U,. 131,86, amounting in^lTfc ??cr $15,00?, tb? prk* A ffhirh titp plantation psa said.