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'til *gv9' ???u|iiMuM^i||>st>iinii>iiiti|ii|tiii'il>iuii||i|1iiuiuHii>itiil/itonunii<ii>m> BY BURISO?, IEESE & CO. ,?"?ji,"?J'?.?>?'?.?.?'?.-'?t?MMii?i?t,?iMn?ii fl.U'M^M*|J1U*1J1|J*V.i,ii,??>i>tiMiintM|,Mi<ni??,IM?'M,?i,?i?^>??l'??'UtMi?u,u?,",M^ 'J . .. g. ?i^I?.HU?l??*l?,U?,U?ll?,?l?i ."M,,'!,!'!.'!.,|."M,.i|,.l,.Hi'l|l,l."i''l."".I.l.'l.'l.l'l.'lli'll'Ml'.l'l.ll.l'l,.I,l,,l'(.'l,|..,ll|l;l|"ll,h"ll'l."l'"'"u " EBG-E?IELD, S. CjiPKIL ll, 1866. .r3.~ i f? . ?kit'?t?Q ?zo ? ., VOLUME ??XI.--K0. IS* SYLVESTER CAHILL. GEO. H. HOPPOCK CAHILL & CO., WHOLESALE BROGERS, 'AND Commission Merchants:, NO. 185 I:AST BAY, Corner of Lodge Alley, . CnAHZjSSTOHJ, S. p. Omeo in Now York, 51 Courtlandt Stroet. Feb 18 3m . 7 GEO. W, WILLIAMS & CO., Merchants -AND Banker s, 2\To. 1 and 3 Sayaio St.. CHARLESTON, S. C., KEEP constantly on hand ?full assortment cf GROCERIES, and will seil thom at tho lowest prices possible in this market. They will receivo and ?ell on .Consignment COTTON and other PRODUCE, and will advance liberally on Cotton consigned to their House, cr 10 mi i -- ? ? - t WILLIAMS, TAYLOR & CO., 147 Maiden ?Lane, . NEW YORK. Jan 25 Sm 4 A. C. DKCOTTES, F. P. SALAS. Late Cashier Bank of Hamburg. DECOTTES & SALAS, Cotton Factor & Commission CHARLESTON, S. C., WILL GIVE PROMPT ATTENTIQN.TO TUE SALE OF COTTON, LUMBER AND OTHER COUNTRY PRODUCE. Charleston, Jan 1 tf 1 P. CONNER & CO., 7G East Eay, CHARLESTON, S. C., COMMISSION AND FORWARDING MERCHANTS. "Wholesale Dealers in GROCERIES & PROVISIONS, Will give prompt and personal attention to all or dors entrusted to their caro. Jan 21 3m 4 D.F. FLEMING & CO. Wholesale Dealers ), liliJMO, 2 HAINE STREET, Corner of Church Street, CHARLESTON, S. C. Having Resumed Business, AT THEIR OLD STAND, 2 HAYNE-STREET, CORNER OilURCH ST., ARE NOW RECEIV ING A LARGE AND WELL ASSORTED STOCK OF BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, ?fa*., Which will bes'ildat the LOWEST MARKET PRICE. The Patronaga of forxer friands and the pub lic is respectfully solicited. V D. F. FLEMING, SAM'L. A. NELSON, JAS. M. WILSON. Charleston, Dec 25 tf 52 MILLS HOUSE, CORNER QUEEN & MEETING STREETS, CHARLESTON, S. C. THIS POPULAR AND WELL KNOWN HOUSE is now fully open for the reception of visitors, having been refurnished with NEW und ELEGANT FURNITURE THROUGHOUT, and offers to tho traveller accDinmodations and conveniences as a FIRST CLASS HOTEL not to be equalled by any North or South. Tho patronage of thc travelling public is re spectfully solicited. Rates of Board per di.y $4,00 ; Rates per month as may be agreed on. JOS. PURCELL, Proprietor. Charleston, Feb 21 tf 8 PRATT, o\ WILSON BROS. WHOLESALE MUGGiSTS, A S D Manufact Ltring Chemists NO. 238 KING STREET, ' CHARLESTON, S.C. Keep constantly on hand a full assortment of Drug:?, Chemicals, FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, CHEMICAL APPARATUS, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, ? c., ic, ic. N. A. PRATT, Chomist to late C. S. Nitre and Mining Bur. S. W. WILSON, P. B. WILSON, Chemist to late C. S. Ord. Department, Jan 17 3m 3 H. L. JEFFERS & CO., Factors & Commission Merchants, III East Bay, Charleston, S.' C., WILL give prompt att-ntion to tho tale of Cotton and other Produce, and to tjio por cbase of Merchin disc generally. Will a!*0 act a? Agents fur tho sale of Landa situated in any p.irt of State. Tao personal attention of the un dersigned will bo given to tho busines*. H. L. JEEPERS, W. H. JEFFREY, T. A. JEFFERS. M-r 7 lm 10 PAVILION HOTEL, Comer Meeting and Hazel Sts., CHA R LES T 0 N, S. C. RAT.?:3 or BoAnn reit DAY.$.1,00 ii. L? BUTTERFIELD, PROPRIETOR. Mar 27_tf_IS Cigars and Tobacco iVF THE very best finality cn hand by . \J - JNO. If CARWILE & CO. , Jan 30 tf 5 THE WAR Iii OVER,-REPAIR YOUR PJLACES, STIINGfESj'POSTS. SILLS', <tS? ; o'f'th* heat; quality, furnished at short notice, on reasona ?i?tannaby H. B. GALLMAN, AprU2 ? U I A Spring Ballad. ' A gush or golden sunlight, A music 'mid tho lea-es Of carly bloom, whose joyous tune, luto the spirit wore*, Dreams of delight and welcome bliss, For wealth Fd not forego ; * Sweet blooms and light, crowd on my eight, By theso tho spring I know. The frozen mould, silent and cold, Touched by a secret bund, Grows wondrous rife, till bloom and life Crown all the plensnnt land; Sweet breeies murmur plca?antly^ The ice-bound waters flow: And young buds leap from their wiatry sleep, By theso the spring I kuow. > I rovo thi thicket and the grove, . I breatho the balmy air; Each sound 6eems fraught with gentlest love, Now lifo holes conquest there; I list?n! Through ibo forest leaves Sfvoet voices come and go ;_. Tho voice of twittering choristers By theso tho spring I know. I've wreathed a fragrant cbaplot, i A chaplet wild, yet fair, 'TWAS nurtured in tho mountain wild*, And nursed by wintry air; Primroses and violets sparklo in't, The daisy poops bcLflw ; And leaves of .green push out bctwien . By these tho spring I know. Low flitting clouds of wintry glooms Have rolled in shade away ; Light comes on wings of choice p&rfumc To charm the sweet spring day; I reach the summit of thc plain, Fresh breezes round me blow So sweet, that here I'd rovo again By this the spring I know. JSpfing-tiinc, thou hast a charm for mc, I'vo loved thee well and long, And thus I humbly weave to thoo A glad asd grateful iong, When on the strangely pondering souls Comes thy congenial glow, My hoar: leaps light whh ec?tacy By tub the spring I know. Gen. Lee's Testimony. On the 17th of February last, Gen. Rjberi E. Lee appeared before tue ItecoJHtrucliou CoininiUco of Cjogrcss. As a matter Ol' in terest, we publish the examination in full: By Senator Howard-Where it >our pre sent lesklence? Auswer. Lexington, Vir ginia. Question. How long hate you been lu LeXiiigtou? A. Since tho tirst of Ueto Derlast; nearly Live moutus. Q. Are you acquiiuted with tue state of feeling amoi.g vrnat we call Secessionists,/at present, in Virginia, toward the Federal Government ? A. 1 do not kuow that 1 am. I have been living very retired, and have had but little c imujumcatiou with politicians. 1 know uotli iug more than from my observations and from Mien tauts as Ltivo come to wy lcnotriodgo, Q. What is your opinion, hom- observation, among tho aeoeesiou people ot tLat ??late, ol the feeling towards this tiovertiruent at this lime. A. SJ tar as caine to my knowledge 1 do not know of a single person who eitner contemplates any resistance to the Govern ment or the Uuited States, or, indeed, any opposition to it. No wurd has reuehecj me ot either purpose. Q- From what you have observed, is it ymg*-opinion that they are friendly towards tOT?(jovtrmient, and lb.?t they will co-opera:? to sustain and uphold it in the future ? A. 1 believe they entirely acquiesce in the GoVvruinent, ami, so tar aa i hav : heard any one express au opinion, the) are for cooper-V-ing with President Jounsoti in his Policy. Q. In his policy ia regard lo what? A. flu p dicy in regard to the resto ration of the whole country. 1 have heaid persous with whom I have couver.-ed, ex press great confidence in the wisdom ot his policy of restoration, andM&fcy seem to look forward to it as a hope oKcdtorution. Q. How do they feel iu regard lo thut portiou ol the people of the Quited States who have been forward and zealous in thc prosecution of the war againet rebellion? A. Wellj I do not Irnow. I have heard nobody cxpreas any opinion in regard to it. As I said before, 1 have not had much communication with poli ticians iu the country, il 'here are any. Eve ry one seems to be engaged in his own afftirs, and ia endeavoring to restore the civil Gov ernment of the States. I have heard no ex pression of sentiment towards any particular portion of the count ry. Q. How do the secessionists les1 in regard to the payment o? the Federal debt ? A. I have never heard auy one speak on the subject. I 6uppo.se they must expect to pay the taxes levied by thc Government. 1 have heard them speak in reference to the payment of taxes, and of their efforts to raise money therefor, which I suppose is for their share of the debt. I have never heard any oue speak in opposition to tho payment of taxes or of resistance to their payment ; their whole effort has been to try and raise money to pay the taxes. Q. From your opinion ami knowle 'ge of the people ol Virginia, would they, if the ques tion was lci'c to them, repudiate and reject that debt ? A. 1 never heard any one speak on that subject, but from my knowledge of the people, I believe that they would be in favor ot the payment of all ju3t debts. Q. Do they, in your opinion, regard that as a just debt? A. Ido not know what their opiniou is on that subject. I have never hoard any opinion expressed contrary to it. Indeed, as I enid in the beginning, I have had very little discusi?n or intercourse with the people. I believe the people would pay the debts they are called on to pay. I say that from my knowlcdgo of the people gene rally. Q. Would they pay that debt, or their portion of it, with as much alacrity as people ordinarily pay their laxe* to their Govern ment'? A. I do not know that they would make any distinction between the two. The taxes laid by tbe Government, BO far asl' know, they -ire prepared to pay lo the Lest of their ability. I sever heard tue?n make any distinction. Q. What is the feeling of the people cf Virgiuia towards thc payment of the so-called Confederate debt ? A. 1 believe, so far as my opinions go-and I have no facts to ?o upon-they would be willing to-pay that, too. Q. You think they would ? A. 1 tniuk they would, if tLoy had the power and ab'lity todos?. I have never heard any one in thc State with whom I linvc conversed speak of repudiating any debt, Q. I fiupposo tho Confederate debt is valucliss, even in the market iu Virginia? A. En tirely, so far as I know. I believe the people look upon it ts lost (direly. I never ht aid any question on tho subject. Q. Do you recollect when the Confederate bond.: were made payable? A. I have a general recol lection that they were made payable six mouths ofter a declaration of peace. Q. Six months after a ratification of peace between the United States and the Confederate Gov ernment? A. I think they ran that way. Q. So that the bmds arc not due yet by their terms ? . A. 1 .?uppose, unless it is con s dcred that there is peace now, they are uol due.^ Q. How do tho people of the Sui? of j Virginia,'tho secesiioilis ft partionlarlv, feol t.wards the freedmen ? A. Every one wi'h whqm' I have,as50ciuted txpres'-es kind feel ..?n^l't.'jwards tbe.Jr&flit?cii. They wish to soe them get on in the world, particularly to .take some occupation for a living, and to tarn their hands to SKOS work, J ltj&pF ?attS forts have been made among the farmers, near where I live,.to induce them to engage for the year at regular wages Q. Do veil think there is willingness on tim part cf their old masters io give them fair wages /ur their labor ? A. I believe it is so. The farmers generally prefer those servants who have been living with them before. I have heard them express their preference fur the men whom they knew, who bad lived with them before, and their wish to get them to return to work. I am not aware of any combination among the whites to keep du nm tho wnges of the blacks. I have hoard that, in several Coun ties, lund owners haye met, in order to es tablish a uniform rate ol wages, but I never heard of any eimbinatiou to keep down wage?, or establish a ruto which they did not think rai r. The means of paying wages, in Virginia, are very limited "now. and there isa diff?rence of opiniou as to how much each pdison is able to pay. Cj. How do they feel in regard to tho education pf the blacks? I* there a goncral willingness or unwilling ness to Lavo them educated ? A. Where ? bave b?e?i the people have exhibited a wil lingness that thc blacks should bo educated, and thv-y express an opinioir that that would be better for the blacks and better for the whites. Q. General, you are? very compe tent to judge of the capacity of a black man to acquire kuowlodge. I want your opinion on that capacity as compared with the capac ity of white.men. A. I do not know tliatl am so particularly qiulifiod to speak on that subject as you seem to intimate, but ? do not think he is as capable of acquiring knowledge as the while mau is. There are some moro apt than others. I have known spine to gain knowledge aud bkill in their trade or profes sion. 1 hiSve had servants of my own who learned to read rind write very well. " Q. Do they show a cipacity to obtain n knowledge of uuthetnaiics and the exact sciences ? A. I have DO knowledge on that subject. I cm merely ncqiaiuted willi those who Lave learned the common rudimcals of education. Q. General, are you aware of any combina tion oxisting anioeg the LUcks ou Virginia, anywhere in jhc State, having in view the disturbance of the peace, or any improper and uulawful aci-s? A. 1 am not. 1 have seen no evidence of it, and have heard o? none. Wherever I have been, they have been quiet end orderly; nut dUposed to work, or, rather, KU*, disposed to any c mtinuous engage ment to work, but just very ?hort jobs to pro vide thom with the imm?diat-1 means of sub sistence. Q. Has ilie. oolui i-d race generally as much love !or money ant. property as Hie white race? A. 1 do not think it has. Thc blacks) whom I know look more to. the pres qu than to tl.e futuro. Q. Does that ab sence ul' a lust of Dt-mej an-.s more ?pun tin nature of tLe ne?ro than from his former servile condition? A. Well, it may bein some measure attributed to his furber Condi tion. Tht-y are an amiable, v>eUl r?.ee. They like their ea^e and co:nl"rl, and,I think, look more to their present than their future condi lion. Q. lu the event of a war between the United States-and any foreign power, vue!) as England or France, if there, shoiiio be hold out lo the seces.iioii por?on ol the people of Vi-g??a, or thc other recentl rebel State?, a Jinr prospect of gaining their indtrj).MnIu:.t-o and shaking t.IF thc Uov.-rn mont of thu United States, is it or is it not jenn- opinion thai hey would avail themselves of thru ?ppor?uuit); ? A. I cannot "peak with tiny ciTtcinty ou tlmt point. I do no: know how far they might be actuated by their feelings. I have nothing whatever to baie an opiniuu upon. So far as 1 know, they con template nothing of the kind now. What may happen ia the future I cannot t-ay. Q. Do you. not frequently hear, in your inter course with secessionists, in Virginia, ex pressions ol' a hope that suth a war may breakout? A. I cannot .say that I have heard it. Un tho contrary, I have beard persons-I do not know whether you could call them secessionists or not, I mean ll'Otic peuple in Virginia with whom I associate express a hope that the Country may not be lcd into n war. Q. In sich an event, do you not, think that that class of people whom itali secessionists would join the common enemy ? A. It is possible, lc depends upon the feeling of the individual. Q. If it is a fuir question-yea muy anwwor it or not, aij you choose-what, in such na event, might bo your own choice? A. I have no disp'-u lion, cow, to do it, and I never have hud. Q. And you cannot foresee that such would b:? your inclination', in sa dian event? A. No. lean only judge from the pa.->t; Ido not know what circumstances may produce ; I canaot pretend to foresee events. So far as i know,.tho wish of the people of Virginia is for peace. Q. During the war, was it not contemplated by the Government of the Confederate States to form au alliance with some foreign nation, if possible? A. I be lieve it was their wish to do so. It was their wish to have thc Confederate Government recognized as an independent Government. I have ns doubt if it could have made favo rable treaties it would have done so. But I knew nothing of the pokey of the Govern ment. I had no hand or pirt in it; I mere ly express my own opiuion. Q. The ques lion 1 am about to put to you, you may answer or not, a? you choose. Did you take an oath of fidelity or allegiance to the Confederate Government ? A. I do not recollect having done so, but it is possible, when I was com missioned, I did. I do not recollect whether it was required. If it was required, I tojk it, or if it had been required I would have taken it ; but I do not recollect whether- it wes or not. Bv Mr. Blow.-Q. In reference to the effect of President Johnson's policy, if it were adopted, would there be a-iything like a re turn of the old feeling ? ] ask tba:, becaiuc you used the expression; 'J acquiescing in the result." A. 1 believe it would take time for thc feelings of .the people to be of that, cordial naturo to the Government that they were formerly.' Q. Di you think that their prelur*Dcc for that poi?y arises from a desiro to have g')od feeling and peace ia thc country, or from tbs probability of their regaining po litical power? A. . So far as I kuow, the desire of the people of tho South, it ii for tho restoration of their civil government,and they look upon the policy of President John son as the one which would most clearly and most s'iroly rc establish it. Q. Do you see any change in r?f?ren?a to the poorer people of Viiginia as regards industry ? Are they as much, or moro interested in developing tbe'r material interests that) thoy were? A. I have not observed any change. Every one now hus to artend to his, bu-duess for his support. (>. The poor classes aro generally hard at work, are they? A. So far asl know, they are; I know nothing to the con trary ; I have noticed HO chango in their re lations to the colored people ;*so far as I know, the feelings of all the people of Virginia are kind to the colored people ; I have never beard any blame attributed to them as to tho present condition of things or any responsi bility. Q- Can capitalists and working m. n from ?he North go into Virginia and go to work among the pc mle ? A. I do not know anything to prevent them ; their peace and pleasure there would depend very muela on I their conduct; if they confined themselves ? to their own business, and di 1 not interfere ! to provoke controversies willi their neighbors, ! I do nut believe they woul-l be molesied ? .there is r.o desire to keep out labor and capi- ! i j lal : on the contran, they ire very anxiou.i to i I get'labor arid capital into .he State; the man- j ? ' ncr in" which they would be received (as I : ? said before) would depend entirely On the in- J dividuals; thoy might tn .ito themselves ob- i ' raxou*, as ye can oudeni iaud, J! 1 t s t i c e \ I V ii h t c F 0 ^ V t t tl a v ll J 0 tl 0 e li c a a J ri o 0 e a n S n tl tl o ti II n 7 a P 1 k e; b tl Bj Mr. Howard.-Q. Is-there not a gen al dislike of Northern meii;?mong seccssio; to ? A. I suppose they would prefer not !*soci;ite with them. I dr^^iot kuow 'lh? ber would aclect them iuj it??oc?ati s. Q I .bi-j avoid and ostracise ifijm socially Y J They might avoid them. "They would not Si ect them as associates, unless there was son eason.- I_do not know that they" would ai ociatejSwl they became acquainted. I thin t probable that they wotdttnot admit thoi nto their social circles. By Mr. Blow_Q. Dojtfo. think thc co ired persons would rather tW?zk for a Nortl ira than a Southern mah.?j A. I think 'ery probable tbat they "vioold. prefor tb Northern roan, although/I Aye no facts. :now of numbers .o? the ?olacks engagin fitb their old masters, aj^d Ljcuow of a goo nany who prefer to golcff anti lbbk fof 'uOi lomes. Whether it is fro?'any dislike t heir former masters, or ffiooi a desire t hange, or that they feel mp?e.freo and iode lendent, I do not know. ."Of."' What is you pinion ia regard to the material interests c "irg'mia-do you think they#vill bo equal t rhat they were before tho. rebellion unde he chang, d aspect of affairs? A. lt wil ake a long limo (or them to reach their fjr 1er standard. I think tout aCer tho lapso o Dine years, they will reach jj. I hope thoi rill exceed it-but it can't be immediately 3 my opinion, lt will take a number o ears. Q. On the whole, Its the conditioi ? things in Virginia hopeful, both io regan o its material interests and tlie lu-ure peaci f thecouotry? A. I havojbeard great hopi xprcssed. and great cheer??ae?s and wil ugne>s to labor. Q. Suppefeo that this puli 7 of President Johnson ahfjuld be all yoi nticipate, and that you should also realizi ll that you expect in tho "improvement o our material interests, do yt? think t?at tbc Siult of thal will be the gradual restoratior f tko old feeling? A. Tn?J would be th? atuial result, 1 think; and.'Xcan see no otb r way in which that resultr.caii be brough I bout. Q. There is a fear iujthe public lind, that the friends of tbe. policy in tb? outh adopt it, because ?hay. ?ea in it thc leans of regaining political, position, wbicl hey lost in the .recent ..contest. DJ yoi nink that that in the u^inr Jdea with them r that tLey merely look to'it, as you say, ai be best nicaus of restoring the civil govern lent arid tho peacp and prosperity of theil Bspcctive States ? A. As .to the first poini ou make, 1 do not think that I eyer heard uy person speak upon-it. -.'|;owrheard the oints "separated, i bay b?ard them speak ODoral!)' as to the elLct':of the policy ol 'retident Johason. The feeling, so far as I how, now is, that there in hot that equalitj wended to tho Southern States as is enjoy ed j the Nurih. Q. You do uo't.ieel down there ?at while you accept tho. result weare a? eueruus ?is we ought to be ander the circum tances? A. They think that the North ,iu aiFjid to bei gi.uer?.us. "Q. That is the ?e.Iing d'iwii there? E.' Yes; and thry link it is thc best policy-those who relied a the subject and are able to judge. Q. J nderstood it to be. your opiuiou that gene jsitv and liberality towards, tho entire South .ould be the surent nipansnSf regaining their ood opinion ? A. Ye?, >Q<1 the epeedWt. \. i. understood you to'.^4j^;gonorally, thai ou hal no fippr. hension'of any combination mong the leading secessionists to renew the -ar or anything of the kind ? A. I have no eason in the world to think so. Q. Have ou heard that subject talked ovcr among ie politicians ? A. Nu, sir, I have not. 1 ave not heard that matter suggested. Q. <?,t mo put another hypoiheticnl case : S?p ose the Executive of the Uuitcd States liould bc filled by a President, who, like Bu hanan, rejected the right of coercion, so ailed, and suppose a Congress should exist ere entertaining the sanie political opinions, hus presenting to the once "rebel Stales the pportunity to again secede from tbe Union rould they or not in your opinion, avail heuiselves of that oppjrtuuity, or some of hem? A. I suppose il would depend upon L.e circumstances existing at lh<e time, lt heir feelings should remain embittered, and heir affection alienated from thc rest of tho ?tales, I think it very probable they might do o, provided they thought it waa their interest, do not know that t?ere is a deep-scaled eeliiig ?f dislike towards the Government. I bink it probable some aidmosity may exiu inong som* of thc piop?e. 1 think at the une time, that Ibey wire disappointed as tu be result of tho war. I kuow of uo condi ion of discontent against the Government ;ruong the sccessiouisis. I believe thai the lenplc will perform towards the Government ,11 of thc duties they aro required to perform, think that is the general feeling. Q. Do ou think it would be practicable to convicta nan in Virginia of treason for having taken ?art in this rebeliion against the Government )j a Virginia jury, wlhout packing it with lirect reference to a verdict of guilty ? A. jn that point I have so knowledge, and I do lot know what they vould consider treason gainst tho Government, if you mean past acts. Mr. Howard-Yes, sir. Gen. Lee-I have no knowledge as to what heir views on that subject in the past are. ). You understand siy question. Suppose i jury, was empanelled in your own neighbor mod, taken bj*f?l, would it be practicable to :onvict, for instance, Jefferson Davis, for laving levied war on the United States, and bus having committed the crime of treason ? L I think it would be very probable that hey would not confider he had committed reason. I do not krow w1, nher a jury would leed the instructions of ?ue court to convict he o?endor. Q. rhey do not generally luppoae that it was treason against tho Gov ?rument, do they 1 A. I do not think that hey do so con aide.' it. So far as 1 know, bey look upon the action of a State in with lrawing from thc Government as carrying bo individuals in it along* with it ; that the irate was responsible for the act and uot the .?dividual. 1 am :ow referring to tho past. State, if you pbase-and if vouare diiin :lined, you need tot answer the queetion vhat your own poonnl views on that subject vere. A. That vas my view ; that the act )f Virginia, in withdrawing herself from the Joion, carried mc along as a eitzen of Vir ginia, and that her laws and her acts were fiuding on me. 3- And that you feel to be roar justification in taking the course you lid ? A. Yes, sir. *Q. I have been told, general, tbat yoi have remarked to some ol' four friend*, in conversation, that you were ?. beedled or obeatoi i:i that course by politi ;ians?' '?.. 1 do not recollect over making ;bat roinark. I do not think I ever made it. ;?. If there be any other matter about which yon wish to speak, do so freely. A. Only m reference to that last question you put to me. I may have' aid, and I may have be ieved, that the poslion of tho two sections R-hich they held to each other was brought( ibout by tho politioftiis of the country-that' ;he great manses of tno people, if they under wood the real quesion, would have avoided X ; but not that ? had been individually wheedled by the pliticians. But 1 did be lieve, at the time, that it was aa unnecessary xmdition of aflaio, Jnnd might have beeti avoided, if forbpartnee and wisdom had been practiced on both tides. Gen. Lee then rdosed h's evidence iu sta ling (in reply to mention-) that thc peoph af the South woud not like the proposed Constitutional airendment ; that he wus not aware of any entities to Federal prisoners nt Belle Isle, tho?h.aware that they suffered many pnvation&ri He had no control or com mand whatever (fer the prisoner's depot, and Jid not know wh? commanded at Aodcrson rill^ astil he ?Mitin t?? jape?u The Greut Cotton Question. I Cotton has become a word to conjure with. j Plutus whispers lt on 'Change and the whole commercial World becomes excited. Many there are wLu iLbk of nothing ehe, specu late in nothing else, luve nothing else. They ta|k of the fleecy fabric when awake, dream of it when asleep, turn .t now into greenbacks, now into gold, uud now build with it all sorts of-castles in the air., * The cotton crop of i860 was 5,386,897 bales, of which about one-fourth was con sumed in this country, leaving tho. balance, worth atttie old ante-bellum pnce, about ?160,000,00?,. to take the place of specie in our loreign j exchange. It is not Wonderful, then, that cotttm is regarded as a product of great importance,.and that in tbc future as in tbe past, ft ie expected to occupy a prominent position in cur industrial and commercial statistics. Much speculation exifts a3 to the-probable crop of i860. Some look for a crop of 3,000, 000 ol' bales, while others again are far more moderate in their estimate, placing the pros pective crop at 1,000,000 or 1.500,000. Thes? differences of opinion arise from the different views entertained touching the productive value of free and slave labor. Some think thut the freedman will be moro effective than thu slave as au agricultural producer, while others imagino that he will be almost Worth less. On this subject, we have been favored with some calculations, made by a keen statistical friend of ours, wbich we tbink are well wor thy of being seriously pondered. The data cannot certainly be questioned, and all of our reader? arc at liberty to judge for themselves of the concludion arrived at. If the figures and deductions which wo are about to offer lend in any manner to harmonizo commerce and check the wild mauia of hazardous spec ulation, our aim will be accomplished. Numerous correspondents, who appear to be interested iii lowering the price of cotton now held by the producers of the South, cool ly state that all the negroes have gone to work with energy, aud that consequently the cotton ciop ot the present y?jar cannot bo less than 2,500,000 or 3,000,000. Persons who make .-uch statements cannot have visi ted the outskirts of this and other Southern cities, where negroes by thousands congre gaie, and are living in comparative idleness and destitution. There are in this city at present not less than 75,000 negro men and women, who have drilled hither Irum the ru ral districts, tri order to tnj-jy thc imaginary ease and pleasure of city life. A similar story may Le told ol'every city aud town from the^Potomac to thc Kio Grande, aud tho total number thus drawn away from agricultural employment* is indeed enormous. Ace -riling to our friend's statistical table, there were about 4,000,000 ?slaves in the South at the commencement of the war. It was the custom iu ancient times to estimait one-tenth ol'ev. ry nation or tribe as warriors, or persons capable of bearing arms. Taking this as a basis of calculation, tbere were, at the beginning ol' the war, 400,000 negro men between thc ages of eighteen and forty-five years. Of that number 200,000 entered the army of the United States, but the sword and disease reduced iheir ranks to 100,000. Since the closo of tho war, many of these have been disbanded and gone to the North aud Weat. Tho remainder are iu the army still. Of the 200,000 who did not enlist, some per ished in the Confederate service, while en gaged in erecting torts and digging trenches; 100,000 are now to be fuund io towns and villages throughout the South, employed on board of steamboats, in botch, or playing the part of independent freedmen. Of tho bal ance, 25,000 removed into Stitcs where cot ton is not produced, nnd 73,000 remained at hotue, on the old plantations, nnd mort of thom may now be found in the field at work. Turning to the opposite sex, we find 400, 000 between the ages of eighteen and forty five years. And how shall we account for them ? Go, ink-shedding Bohemian, to the coast of Carolina and Georgia. Follow the traii of Gen. Sherman's grand march tc the sea from Atlanta. Go to Mobile, Nashville, Memphis, Vicksburg, Savannah, Jackson, Baton .Rouge, ?Monroe, Shreveport, Alexan dria and this city. Visit the graveyards in our towns and villages, and ask who sleeps there. It will be ea<y to account for tho dis appearance of 100,000 n?gro women-poor, ignorant creatures, who left their homes to follow triumphant armies, hut perished of cold, hunger and fatigue, ere the bliss of free dom became theirs. We aro speaking now 01 grown-up women. The children who fol lowed them fell by the wayside, aud slumber in unmarked, unconsecrated graves. To seek guarantees for their promised freedom, 25:000 have gouo Nottb, East and West, and 125,000 are about towns, cities and villages, washii-g, cooking, or following lar less creditable occu pations. This would leave 150.000 effective female laborers in tbe rural districts. Of boys and girls between the ages of ten and cigbteun years there are, perhap-, 120,000, half of whom aro either employed or arc loitering about towns and villages. We have, therefore, of available colored cotton raisers : Negro uicu. 75,000 Negro women.150 000 Negro boys and girls. (50,000 Total.. 285,000 Wc mujt now take into consideration tbe number of white persons who will devote their attention to cotton raising. In the cot ton States there were about 250,000 white men at the commencement of the war, who, if BO inclined, might have devoted their at tention to the raising of cotton. Of this number, 100,000 have been killed or disabled during the war, but their places have to some exleut been supplied by the growth of boys. We think it would be a large estimate to al low 200,000 white laborers for thc cotton' Held? during the present season. If so, we have a total effective force of 485,000 cotton raisers. The next qucstioa is, how much cotton can we reasonably expect to be raised per hand/ Statistics show that, in 1840, with a force of 600,000 laborers, our crop was 1,800,000 bales, or three bales per hand. When the laboring force doubled, between 1850 aud I860, the crop proved to be 4.500,000 bales, equal to 3J bales per hand. What then shall be our estimate for tho present year ? We must remember that ibero is a scarcity of stock aud agricultural implements ; that fen ces, gin-houses and habitations need repair; that food must be provided; that much ot tho rich cotton lands along the Missisi-ippi are not yot redeemed from overflow by the rebuilding of the broken levees. Our depen dence for a crop must rest chiefly on the high land farms, which aro far less productive than those of thc lowlands. All things con sidered, wc cannot espccj more than three bales pet* hand, which would yield 1,440,000 bales in all. Now, if it bo contended that tbia estimate is below the mark, the reader will please remember that wo have made no calculation for labor which must necessarily be devoted to other crops-sugar, tobacco and rice, for instance-nor of that which will be turned to mechanics and stock-raising. These employments will certainly absorb all that remains of the physical laboring power the Southern States caa at present boast. With all these facts before us, it would be vain to expect a cotton crop nf more than 1,500,000 bales.-New Orleaus Times. -? -?- ?---- . J?3T Thc Washington National Republi can, of Monday, assorts that the President has laid up for prosecution 500 of tho moat prom inent Confederates, whom he hulda for the purpose of jnsfce. Is Napoleon Botind to St ay in Mexico? In our negotiators with the French Em peror, to get him put of .Mei ico, we seem to* have forgotten, and he ha*- not reminded us of, ono ck-jqumutaiice, ?wiiich, s, that in Apnl, 1864, he formally engaged himself to retain French troops in that count y for a period of six years siter the happening pf certain events which have net yet come to pat?. Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention of M.Tamar mn in this wise : Art. 2-The French troops, shall evacuate Mexico in proportion as the Emperor oi Mexico shall be able to organize thc troops necessary to replace them. . Art. 3-The Foreign LegioiK-tn the service of France, composed of eight", thousand men. shall, nevertheless, remain iu Mexico six years afier all the other Franco troops shair . have been recalled. Article'5 further pr?vides"?jafc-*atlsl??rjoTnts ?( where tho forces are not exclusively Mexican, . " the military command shall devolve on thc 1 French commander," and in expeditions the' supreme control shall also be witb the French Now we have been, it seems to us, politely requesting Napoleon to do what he had cun ningly bound himself to another mau, previ- ? oualy, not to do. Napoleon has put u< tiff 1 with tine words, with phrases which to some ' people lucked like promises ; we importune ' him, and he replias, " I'll see about it," 44 I'll < tell you by and by, Fm busy just now." 14 Ask me again to morrow," "Perhaps I will when you ask me next." Ile bas answered < our appeals as a n urse does a tiresome child's ; i he probably thought to himself : " Tbe Uni- i ted States Government ought to know that 1 I bound myself to Maximilian not to do what I they are requesting of rae ; if Mr. Seward i does not know this it is net my business to < tell him* if, as is more probable, he does ( know it, and does not refer to it, t ien that is t i sign that he is not in earnest in the Mexi i can matter, but rather inclined to avoid thc i d reet issue, and amuse the Amu lean people ; by elaborate dispatches meaning nothing. In | that case I can help him." ? This is what the French Emperor probably { says lo himself ; and on this theory behn- i acipd and spoken. He is trifling with us ; t but it must oe said that he bas been encour t igcd todo so by our manner and words to him. i --*r+o- 1 NEGRO EQUALITY.-The venerahle Gen. \ Leslie Coombs, of Kentucky, in a late ad- 1 dress to the people of that State, beforp i whom he is a candidate for re-election ns \ Clerk of the Court of.Appeals, ines iho fol ? lowing significant language on a lavorite rad- I ical topic : - : 41 Other candidates may do as they please, | but, so far as I am concerned, I will do noth- I ing to we-ikon or divide those opposed to the 1 monstn us and unnatural doctrine rampant at I Washington, of negro social and political < equality. God's curso has stamped tho negro i u ali au ineffaceable black skin aud a wool} bead ; and, in His providence, bas kept him for six thousaud years in close proximity tu other races, but always subordinate-in mind and body, as well as in civilization and refine meet; and yet we have the spectacle now be- 1 fore us of a deliberate conspiracy iu the 1 North to bring down our favored race to thc * negro level, iu violation of God's law and all ' wiitten history. The idea of elevating th?- ' odorous sons of Africa totbe Caucasian statu?,, is about as absurd as trying to perfume dog 1 fennel by tying it up in a bouquet with piuks and roses." THS LATEST FENIAN SENSATION.-The newest report connected with Feuianism ha* reference to the alleged fitting out of sundrj vessds to ,4 go a fishing " on the Banks of < Newfoundland ostensibly, but really to effect ? a lauding somewhere on the British North '< American coast. The Tessels are to be well manned aud well armed, and things will be I BO managed that no difficulty will be experi < enced iu procuring clearance papers. A* I soon as tho landing is effected-so goes thc l story-the Irish republic will be regularly < launched, and Uncle Sam will be requested I to recognize it as a belligerent, at least si> \ far as to allow it the use of United States i portf, into which prizes to Irish privateer"- l may be brought. I AFFAIRS IN NEW ORLEANS.-A lo-ter from j New Orleans says : "'The amount of proper ty for sale in this city is really wonderful. Auctioneers and real estate brokers have then i hands full, and one sees their announcement? of sales on a large number of lots, stores, warehouses and dwellings.. As a general thing property in the city commands a good price, and finds ready sale. I was told tba ono auctioneer here sold nearly a million dol lars worth of property laut month. The mos' of this is bought up by Northern men." FREEDMEN'S AFFAIRS.-Advices have beer received at the Freedmen'6 Bureau from Charleston. S. C., under dt.te of March 29. representing that the circular promulgated from thc Bureau relative to marriage regula tions had been received, and the freed people* rejoice that definite action has been taken on the subject, as the community will now havr respect for marriage ceremonies. The follow ing extract was taken from the report: " The planters are toning down under the appalling discovery that there are not negroes enough left to cultivate ovei: one halr of the land ; and, furthermore, they now see none but negroes can or will ever cultivate the rice fields. Providenco is working for the freed people via pockets and hungry stomachs of their former owners." ANOTHER WAR CLOUD IN TOT EAIT.-For several months there have been ominous ei.ror. of a rupture between Austria and Prussia, and our Idst advices from Europe indicate that the danger has now become imminent. The quarrel has reference to the control ot the Dutchies, which territory Austria asaamea to hold as a kind of dependency, and which authority Prussia resolutely ignores. An angry diplomatic controversy upon this sub ject has been in progress for along time; but it seems that Prussia has at last presented its ultimatum, demanding that Austria -chal? forthwith surrender the Dutchies for n speci fied consideration. The war feeling has grown so warm that both nations have beon quietly making hostile preparations, and it seems quite,probable that the tribunal of arms will be appealed to. In the regular order of things, it is about time for another war in Europe. Tho last was that pertaining to Schleswig Holstein, a little more than a year ago ; but that was a small affair. The war that oc curred in 1859, between France and Austria, was the last war of great magnitude that .bas occurred in Europe, and a? sev?a years rarely pass without a war in some part of E;;rc.pe, an encounter between Prussia and Austria would not be surprising.-New York Sun. -?-????.?! I ; I A FINGER IN A BOLOGNA SAUSAGE.-Yes terday a Hartford gentleman, albeit strong of stomach and hearty of appetite, met his match In eating a bologna. It was in a whole- . sale house on Street, where a few friends had gathered to have a glass of ale and a bit of luncheon to themselves. The gentleman re ferred to ate his bologna with relish, till he found something in his mouth which seemed not to have been chopped up as fine as it should be. Taking it our, he discovered to his horror and dismay that it was the-end of a man's finger I It was a fact There it was 1 How it came there, was a greater mystery than'the presence recently of the negro's finger under Senator Sumner's door. The' hungry gentleman, after abruptly ending" his meal, and sundry ineffectual attempts to ! vomit, vant homo and took AB emetic.- ' Eartftfd Tifflos. , I TELL YOUR MO?HJ?II?-I wonder bow nany girls tell their motheT^?v?Tyt.hir.g ?. #otth'*e ' .'young ladies" who,'gt ?mt'to n^d fr in school, smile, how ami exchni.;c i-tUri aij/i rarlts ile ci.fifc with tout g H ? II who. ii-akn , ion.. 1" you and y?;ur pictures, ?peakn g lu a waV that would Ula kc your cheeks burn with chaine if you Leard it. All tai?, ruobt in credulous and romaniiu young ladies, they will do. although tt,*-y g?ie*t? your fresh yo J np face admiringly, end send or sive yon charming Terses and .bouqutle. No matter what "other girls do," don?t you. , do it. School girl dilations may end disafirtGualy, an many, a foolish, wretched young girl could tell you. Your yearning fur ?onie one -to. lovel* ? great need ol ^ very, worn an'x heart." But there is time i-;r <.virytbing. Don't let the bloom ami freshnessof jone" heat t. bo! brushed (.ff in silly flirtation*. Bender your self truly intelligent... .And, abo^a .All, ^teU, pur mother everything. u Faa" ip. your dictionary would be indiscretion io kera. It would do no har? to look and. "see.,. Nevei} be ashamed to tell ber, who ?h?uld be yen* best friend and coi:fidant, ali you think and feel. J t is very str?ng?,, that so iaa?y yoOog ;irla will fi ll overy person beir>re rt mother" that which ia most important tua? ?ho should' inow. It is very ead that indifferent persona 'hould know more about her own fair young laughter? than ?ho henelf. TnE EBAUTT sr OLD PE0PLS.-r-Men and .vomen make their own beauty or their own iglineaa. Sir Edward.Bulwer Lytton speaks n one of bis novels of a,man "who was ug ier than he had any butines* to be and, if ie could but read it, every hjman being car .ips his life ic hts face, and is good looking or he reverse as that life has been good or evil. Do our features the fine chinai af thought ind emotion are eternally at work. Beauty s nut the monopoly of bleomiog young men ind of white and pink maid*. There is s ilow-growing beauty which only comes to lerfection in old agc. Grace belongs to no leriod of life, and goodness improves the lim ber it exists. I have seen H wee tor smiles on i lip of seventy than I ever saw on a lip of leventeen. There is thc beauty of you th, and .here is also the beauty of .holiness-a beauty nu ch more seldom met; aad more frequent* y found in the arm-chair by tb? fire, with rrand children around its knae, than in the iall room or the promenade. . Husband and .7i fe who have fought the world.?if e by .side ; ?rho have made common stock of J >y and lorrow, and aged together, are not unfrequen t y found curiously alike in personal appearance ind in pitch and tone of voice-just ss twia pebbles on the beaeh exposed io the same ?dal influences, are each other's alter '.go. [Ie has gained a feminine something which ?rings his manhood into full relief. She has gained a masculine something which acts aa v foil tq her womanhood. A Paris Le:tor to tho Cincinnati Commer cial contains the following : I had nearly written royal scandal-for, to tell the plain truth, the talk that now floats through private society in London is little ilse. I am pained to say that th:? gossip in* solves no less a personage than Queen Vic toria. It bas, for a long time, been on'peo ple's tongues ; but it has at lut appeared in the newspapers, lt is said that the Queen ha* takeu a prodigious liking fora very good looking, but ''ignoble" Scotchman, named Brown, who was formerly a sort of outdoor body servant to Prince Albert, and, indeed, bears a strong resemblance to the Prince. She so dotes upon him that she keeps him constantly near ber person at .all her palaces and in all her journeys to and from them. She consul's her pet on all subjects, and Cakes his advice so absolutely that the re*t of the royal household have become very jealous 3f him. The last story is that she is going to knight him. Marry him she cannot, for the law of the realm forbids her to' marry jne of her own subjects. It is very disagreea ble-nay, it is worso than disagreeable-to mention these things of one who, as wife and mother and Queen, has so high a place in the reverence of the world. I have refrained from speaking of tbeso stories while they were merely talked of in private ; but now they bave become so notorious, and aro so positively mentioned in the English papers, that I can no longer regard them as empty tales. Teach your jon to werk-to work with bia bands-to combine muscular power with brain power, and he will seldom turn thief, vagabond or vagrant. The great misfortune with a majority of our jeusg men la, that they havo been taught no regular'trade.or employment. Tiny now'Itel sadly the want of this useful training. Impress a boy With the value of time, teach him nome honorable calling, however humble, and if he bas*.tho mau in him it will develop itself in time, lie will teach himself, from observation and . association with the best class of persons, who always recognise aud appreciate tree merit-te be, and not merely appear to be a gentleman. The silly notion, so prevalent heretofore in this country, that physical labor is inconsis tent with good breeding, must give way to a more practicable, ti more sensible,, and more healthy sentiment We will then have fewer forgeries, fewer gamblers, fewer drunkards, and consequently a less demand for space in our State prison j. We will have more facto ries, more schools, more and better filled churches, and ? more thrifty, self reliant, in . telligent, bardy and enterprising pjjj^lation. SMALL COURTESIES-I want to tell yon ft secret. The way. to make yourself pleasant to others is to show them attention. Tho whole world is like tho miller "at Mansfield, who cared for nobody-no, not be, because nobody cared for him. And the whole world would nerve you so, If you gave them the same cause. Let every one, therefore, --.eeo that yon do care for. them, by showing them the small co ur tc sic?, in which there is no parade, whose voice is still to please, and which manifest themselves by tender and affectionate looks and little acts of attention, giving others the preference in every Jjjtle en joyment at the table, in the field, walking, sitting or standing. . -ANECDOTE or GENERAL JACKSON.-While Gen. Jackson wis connected with, the army, an officer complained to him (bat some of the soldiers were making A great noise in a tent. " What are they doing?" asked the General. " They are praying now, but have been singing," was toe reply. " And that a crime?" asked Jackson, with emphasis. w The articles of war?" said the officer, " order punishment for any unusual noise." " God forbid 1" replied Jackson-with much feeling, " that praying should be an unusual noise in my camp," and advised the'officer to join them. ' -;- ( The number of deaths in? the United States during the war, exclnsivaof tbo*e who died from wounds and otbar catiaes alter reaching their homes, amount to 2?3,O0(k jjgp The Mexicans have, gained a decided victory qear Paros. They "killed Baron de Brian and ninety-six of hi? men, and earn? near capturing the remainder of the French ender Gen; Donag. . jg3j?"The'New Tortcoort? havo decided that a negro is. rot the equaiof a white man, and con.-iquently that the managers of tLie Ft reo t railroads have a fight to exclude thea fre?a uhito people ?ra.