Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, December 05, 1855, Image 2
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' ad or tie option of
ofother-Stara EMs
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oS gas per w.ip&4$It . oealew) lortshe Gotato
rtiei, ad 71 eenP . .b ubssquent insefliom
oa'tmlvaabi hedhfiuthlV or Q~aarterty. $ pet
psqaeilfttehsged.i Al.AdveinrersaS1'&va
It tyiitiats t.itEyi0;dinqac o
tracts for yearly advertising are iif th rItaii
~h-o[nm athat fie. roe .,idhadl
paid y siji trace aveisn.T f
RIO NovSuwfu
Tems)! E S2#Oyro numi a .dvm e
0' F. tDttafSo3& SON, PUBLISHERS8,
oarsmwc. it., 5.C.'
Lbi~d~tWilIg, tOesnnimebo InthfflJ5 , gtta
JAmuu~frLe.Ls Thaeuahia design, -of -thiseJournal i mdsisitpetim oC~e
riter frith qed practice. Aditinal to this, we~h
pt4. ieach sliiticles of a 3hjry easeter, Itigiout
*as*wiooted, asmeifi haze .a :teadeney to trefi uter
table maudeIseatth..aebimeati of he rea dingpmh?
ie.' -P~ti siy tot e rnecta axiec,.ard a s
afeetiug the principlMe of Law and Goveraw uat,
and moee~prrit h misghty. inoveutentp of the
nation*, 'they arr'cedt dti*h96f~d, will
olaiqs-dui'ntre4prptr attention. list ..'uljzkp d
graded te thei abbles,C ago2Uesand fiwtl6t*,
wal :be uttelyehewed and repudiated.
a:-. &.tpeche umttes -purely. rel'ows, we sh#I, of
coarse, advocate the principles of the Baptist Coot
mnu..i .5a~diived fai the $rttures,,t~, !Toeb
lit fom standard' and other red pcctah1 wor'As, ar
,prtligto our own~ Ititure; .but -duo
g .l g ?vper. 17a
-For the* defence and advocacy of their. principles,
claiming only the-right to judge of the suitablcuess
of all articles for insertion, and to make such criti
.enmsiou themt as may, be decwed.e1xehiecDL --
In this undertaking. we have the. sauskfotion. a
announcing that several gentletien of emninenit abii-*
tyjudattainments have kindly. engaged to render
a occasional asistance:"
The Journal vfill eqnatin FORTY PAGES of
renin rf oaaderieet as our
friends mtay .favor us with, not inconsistent witde the
ohlarneter of the-work-making at the end of ie
year a neat volume of 480 parrs, suitable for hind
th in er tot mech~anical -execution of the
" *ioik, wie deem. the announcement, that this will be
itder the direction of the Messrs. I )uaisos, a sfr
"fr nt guaraty fr it,. faithful and tasteful perform.
once-eand without further words, encouraged by
-ildepreahionu of good Will and promises of sub.
stanti~aid .froiii many friends. wc throw the mnst
ter be orb the people with an assurance of every
earorederntifbvtito~ for the support that many
_etne _-z u& ....J rvepcctfullyask thrnm torlt
-M,u uisEfepasettnaft.s .> .:
.L---a.. ~Euifk prema~ldeer. -:
J .o{estiinal'iiettrg6 of yoar cot
srai inf aWAti ondertheiixost eneduraging
'ld kla' -'The 'peeuniary pressure whinir
ta 4'eIaniung -of-the- year, bore ao heavily
Setaisesof eietyr: ha& happily.-pass
- llgitkot'taadsipated;dIstaters. Comre
Tch eqotvo eais 4wjidenJaer.domain.*g
ri&nisne irejioieb..aoer fgtalhkyest; .AnJdabor
ferrydescription feels. .the-stinamjus of remP,
u pting, pricet. Ithe ypr.)as been.. ot
unexamplbd heaih, i a d or people, in quiet and
uezptyh . sp 1dull voted thensel s
thus M i ,tif trrtefl'we
.in of iGly er ofj'od ti abinge
a[ri-;irtaa d dev otyppil#lng
r itlitiieT na It th ddyiisd-o ni
by-th-cusirftion,--shall rseott1 emd to peon
cosdsrdier ditrioneowmasares whielt I4hidl
impitat-te the publieeal. Ynsftalligence
,wiil enable: you :to- select, m d-yoar trietis*i
W -l p r O pt 4 Wio Ror optsu ch o f- hem as w ill'
a1d sneshhlintere taad: p"romote- th.general:
prospecfyi,,gE oor a to onastituents, ZJlhe;
gabjie.tsgd,,spepecilly committed to your keep
"ig cannot, in my j t, be more certainly
ittaned ian y tieadj qdherenee to the bog
,disc i e ' New enacttneits,
. -o ating ~W. are soe.
es.reureid to-suitlioarying clrtiumstaneta'
of oet condition: but legislation fitieli selo
breakdown. the forms id isnes to which i
J people have long beesn 'iccst'oied, -should not
be resoted to except ubiler thehactiisk pressure
.of necessity. The people. of-86dth Carolina
have"great reason te rest content with their
Constitutions it stands -:lt is - far better that
its immaterl 1 defects, should be borne, than
that we sbeuld begit the-.iazrdous 'work of
eonetitutional reform.: 'AVl of theold States of
the-Confederaeygeseept og4 own,- have at differ
ent times made fo ndameatalihanges in their
Constitutions. These- hangesn-ayihave served
for the.momentitoteepd -s.pipalaoe; but I
have not been able to discover that those fir
whose especial enefit:'they 'were introduced
have been distiugnisbed by-a higher elevation of
sentiment, or been 'rewarded with greater pros
perity than our own people,--who.still cling with
aonfidnee to their old -formsand' 'gather hope
for the future febm the encouraging--eeeollections
of the past. Continue, then, by your example and
policy, to teach your constitoentsin-t to lean on
goernment, but to refy:on their own energies
to work out their-destiby. Ar people thus train
ed will be more jeatonsof their.rigitta,and when
assailed will stand up-more. maotully in their
defence, than if their nupda are bewildered and
their time wasted in fruitless efforts to better
their condition by periodical changes in their
organic law. The proclivities of the age are, to
my mind ominous of anyihing but good to
the cause of true progress. In certain sections
of the country doctrines have beem, avowed and
Ai: nen enact . h~' i thetier days of the
Republic would have consigned their authors to
lasting infamy and execration. The advocates
of a ''higher jaw" sit in high p'aces ; fanaticisn
rales' triumphant in the land of Hancock and
Otis; and miob are so common that the mis
guided masses are fast acquiring a taste for
blood. In view of the hideous phases which
Rdicalism has elsewhere 'assumed, and the
bitter fruits of his triumphs, Conservatism may
confidently appeal to. the patriotism of the're
formers of a-milir latitude to iostpone their
labor to 'a more auspicious period. There is
wisdom and safety in the injunction of Holy
Wri: *Prove all things; hold fast that which
is good." I commend to you the preservation
of -our Constitution in all its integrity. It has
served us, and we owe -it to ourselves to trans
mit it intact to our posterity.
First, in order, and highest it importance, I
invite your especial attention to the fiiancial
condition of the S'ate. The right to tax your
costinensu-the most rv ponsible and delicate
of all'your fr'usts-cannot be wisely exercised
withouit consta~ntif keeping in view the amount
of-oir ~obtigations, and properly estimating the
resource#rwith which they are to be met. Hiow
far It may be prudent to increase our indebted
ness, an din so doing create, at no distant day.
all necessity for increased taxation, it will be for
you to-determine.. Our people ar. patriotiesand
1-an atisfied would make'as heavey saenrices as
any people to preserve inviolate the publie faith ;
but it must be-borne in mind that they cultivate
exhausted lands, and they will form an exception
to the rest sf their countrymen, if, with thie
prospect of onerous taxation before them, they
do not emigrate to more favored regions, where
if they have high taxes to pay, they, wil' have
rich hai-vests-on which the-.contribtution .would
belevied.
The following statement Exhibits the public
- dbt of -the State, as it appears on the books of
the Loan.Office,-on the*30th day of September,
1855:.
Stracted.' sanding. | . loflt anual tan.
( eet.116T$04'6 AtarttteStaetsi et-*811e 28
18381 8 48 January, 1889. 5p. cet 1,893 6T
1889 -.101 12 January, 1856. 6p eti 60 66
June 1888 .29 5Hr.1860&18ro 6 ati 46,096 17
eei~~soat-ianuary, 1871.6P: . t-2ps0
1 ,215 g-* .~ 19647-61
TIo the above sum-of. $2,287,i46,23 must.be
added $800,000,' the amount'or State aubserip
tion yet to be called for to the Blue Ridge Rail
oad Company. This will give us,.ia principal,
33,087,156,23,.and an anntnal. interest ofjl72,
4.6AJ. -C to this Is added the sum of 81000,
000,,the atqount of bonds of said company to be
edpysd. by the Stiate, bearing seven per Lcent.
in.terest, the entire delt ot the State mayfbe-adt
downt'4,087;156.23, writh an annual interest
of $242,4761. Whenabis 'sum is increased,
o as it most pirobaebly will "be, by another niillion
i for the eompletion 2of the State *.apitol, the
whole debt will he #5,087J56,93, with an an
Snaal interest of $02,476,61.
As the glios-prollts of the Bank for the last
year .were~ only 82y3,050,92, it is apparent that
r unless these are largEly increased -for-the future
s'large portion of this interest must fall on the
State Tjeasury, and be met by an increase of
n grs,,t tseer. view of-this exhibit,,]
thnk it must be ad tted that we have made
sufficient progreas" in the way of getting intc
dbtitejstifyv at least a temporary pause.Yo
'svltcertainly. not offend the tax paying porlior
of: yourconstituentis by declinmng to embark ut
any new projects requiring new loans to any
90ilrbeamount.
d -'In gnihterafisig fh iteis of' time publre iebt
I have'odmitted $1L051,410,09, the- amnount ol
sutpln fpnd deposited' by act-of Congress, be
~ eau-seo I have no apprehenyiod that the statt
will ever be called upon to pay it The Rnbbi
o debt, so far as it respects the paymetit of thi
y interest, is divided into three classes:
1. That. the Interest of which is' elbargeabl
tpn.the Bank. This consists of the 5 and 4
ephy'.dts-of 3838.
t2. That portion of the debt, the interest o
which is chargeable ona the Sinking Fund. I
yconsists of athe i) 0enta of '1.794, and the
e [t~qP.1898; redenmable in 1859.
T . new idhi' 12e '1nteret on hly I
pa able at-of the current fand*'ef the
rt, via the hbonds issued to- provide.. for'51
-eretion-of the new State Capital. The.amonn
issued is $50,000:ntirtst-15,000:. The bond
issued to- Ivridd for-. the-paymntr.terStata
.mbscription to the-Blue Ridge Railroad-Compa
ny. - Bond' to the amount- of : 2004000 have
already been-issued, t~he interest-or which wil
be $12,000. -'here most be daring the ensuini
I year a further issue of bonds to provide the
means for carrying on -botr these *orks.
The resotrces of the State.to.meet the public
,dbt eonsist of stock in her various railto6~da
,and the surplus assets of the Bank.: -The'omi
nal value of these stocks is $1;542,3000: thel
present value.in market is $771,150. -
The porplus means of .the.State in the Bank
lover.ia lisbilties,-is'$3,9232064.
On reference tdshe-Reporsofsthe Comptroller
General; it:appears? thnt-tlhe jayments.-for the
year:1855 were -651,682.93,- and the. receipts as
the-Treaury-were $440'142;89 -
"'zy-.predecssor -ealled vor'attention to the
claim of Mr: *nthony-Hide:fercommisslons am
anget af-th State for- -etaims on aeoint " of
losses n .the 1lorida war;=.but-on .reference to
youi journals "Ilfnd that no action was had on
.the subject. Shortly after, jour adjournment,
Mr. -Hyde. urged on me. the payment of .h@
eaimiU . upexamiouing" the papersIn -my de.
partmentj .found- thatktbe late ;Governor>8ea:
brook. hid.'appointed AMr.,Hyde agent of the
State, with a stipulation on.tbe face ofithe pow.
er-of-attorney..that Mr.--;.-waazo receivo.as his
compensation five.per cent. og-all sume poHcted.
Out of tbe-$1,583'f the huredit off'~te State at
the iidd'States 1isufy, Thave paid him his
compensation at-themre of five.per cent., and,a
small ekargetfor:.opying,-iin all 4978A5. Mr.
Hyde thinks he is entitled-to five per cent. more
for his services.. cIiHv gme equity there ia in
his-clai. you .will; be ennlled to. detcmine by
an examination of.the papers n'd cdasspondenee
which are herewits transmitted. The balance,
after dedui jip nkerdg., eaniodunttin* $600,59
togetirit $1781,8605 previously received, I
have dep6sited-with the Treasurer of the Upper
Division. -
A report-from the Commissioners of the New
Sate apitol= will be found apong the docu.
ments -accompanying this message. In accord.
ance with..your -iastructions, they have changed
the.site of the.boilding, and. modified their plans
so -ap .o. remedy the defects in their former
structure. The walls for the foundation have
risen above the surface of the ground,'and as
more than one hundred and forty Labsrer. are
employed on the work, ita -further progress will
be .rapid and -gratifying. . It -appears to me,
though pretending to nso skill in-such matters,
that the new masonry lo.very much superior to
the old. The largo regular hammered stone,
arranged in horizontal layers of equal thickness,
gives it a solid and substantial appearance, which
forbids any rear of a catastrophe such as befell
the former structure. The bonds of the State
issued for this building have all been disposed
of, and of their proceeds only 'enough remains
on hand to meet the wants-of the present year.
MuHtio+ hiienifthe'itate tardrid ile
strictest economy and the most careful husban
dry of our resources, as the Capitol had been
begun by your authority, and is much needed by
the State, I would suggest-liberal appropriations
for its progress and completion. There is no
propriety in protracting the work f-r six or
.eight years, when it may be finished in three or
four. The longer the time of building this
structure, the greater will be the expense to the
State, so that true economy will recommend- its
speedy completion.
The South Carolina College is in a more
four'ihing condition than it has ever been since
its establishment. Its administration is able and
faithful, and I am assured that the spirit of study
has never been more general, nor the bearing of
the students .more manly. It is. objected by
some to the institution that its advantages. are
confined to a particular class, and calculations
have been made to show at; what cost to the
State these -advantages have been enjoyed. I
respectfully submit that its benefits are not to
be estimated by the standard of dollars and
ents. If its founders had made it a question
of arithmetic, it would never have been estab
liahsed. .And if-ititi to be judged by that atand.
ard, then perhaps it may be said .to have failed.
But if the spread-of knowledge and a thirst, for
its acquisition-il the development and expansion
of intellet-if pure morality, manly sentiment,
refined taste, and elevated thought--if these
are riebes to a people, then .haa the Institution
been a mine of wealth to the State-thus fully
justifying the liberal 'polisy which has always
sutmdit.
.It is greatly' to b'e 'regretted that Pre'sident
Thornwell's determination to withdraw from its
government remains unchanged. - I regard his
retirement a public los's. He has diseharged the
arduoua trust with unequalled ability and succesa
and in thus officially' 'noticing his resignation,:1
feelthat I pay but a merited tribute to uncom
mon worth and rare endowepent,
. On the 26th of JTr.nmary4 that portion of the
College buildings known as the Eanst Wing and
Centre Building of Rutledmie College was total.
-f destroyed by fire. That West Wing wa
sayedm, but in such. a damaged condition as t<
render its continued oceupancy extremely un
comfortable, if not positively 'dangierous. Thei
inconvniences to which the College was sub
jeted by this disaster were so great, and the
demand for the reconstruction of-the buildingi
so urgent, that asapecial meeting, of the-Board
of Trustees was. called in the hope that som.
scheme might be suggested, by which the build
ings could be replaced without waiting for.
special appropriatiou from the Legislature. Thb
evils to be apprehended from delay were sniner
oius and grave. I t wouald have kept the Colleg'
for two full sessions in a condition altogethe
unfit for the accomudation .of students; appli
cants..would have been deterred from entering
or if they had been disposed to come, could no
have been received. The students now in at
tendance would ha"'e been crowded together fo
aye'ar longer,' exposed to the temptations t
ideness and dissipation, -which such' a state o
things naturally engenders. The College '
he time of the fire was in a condition of- grow
ipg prosperity, and if it had been allowed 'I
receive a shock, which would have been the cas
had tio Interest been manIfested in Its reparatior
the consequences might have been permanenti:
disastrous.. The Board was soisensible of thes
evils,,that it resolved to rebuild at once, and t
pledge, as far it was competent to do so,~ th
faith~ of the Legislature. Thie case~ seemed to
plain to admit of doubt. Thie Legislature coul
not suffer the College to lie in ruins. Beside
there was somne apparent, claim upon the Stat
By an Act' of 1819, the Comptroller'Generr
was reijtired annually to irnsu're the Colleg
Buildings 'against fire. With the-'exception <
two or three years, this Act wasiregularly cxt
eted until 1841, when the Legislature decline
making the usual approprIation, on the groun<
it was understood, -that the State ought to I
its own insurer. As then the Leizislature ha
assumned, in some soert, the responalbility ofa
ifiqurer, it was boped that- this' wonld be an at
ditional inducement 'for repairing the losaes oa
asioned by an accidental tire. Confidently a:
ticipating thefrisejdly interposition of the Stati
the Board 'appointed A committee to inake
contract upon the faith of na appropriation froi
ttl m. s~t 'La~ g'sthta. 'But the Comniitt4
-found it imspossibejt_ cet" their trot..
B mechanic *oaIll-au'd the work. With
t.; deliberate opinioid ha body s tifeBo
of Trustees -beforf .did notscruple 1o
s' givdlhis''ah an In which the put
. interest demande& et sppropriation co
be made from the nt fuid, witlhot.p
1 judice to the cufd Afrafts upone it.- 7
I assistance which I wiat le to' render, ennbl
the Committee -to a contract upon *i
favorable termis,rand work has been comp
ted within a shorter than was- thoui
possible. The Cal appears in renoval
beauty, and the tide :its prosperity-has h
no ebb.
The entire cost of new building is $
802.00. - Of. this sum ve ndvnnced out
the contingent fund . -An appropriati
of *7,802 will be a to fulfil Itheobli
tion of the Bosrd'wi contractor Mrs Co
nover. I have paid - rdinary drafts on t
contingent fund, $1,0 ' There are certa
rewards offered for , i prehensioir of ful
tivesj jut stiesby if -and predecesso
which y hereat' * ltute-a claim. orer ti
fund.
The Milita A are mostsuccessful
conducled a conti' dily-to grow in pa
lie estimation. : - tb.t of a few yes
standing, theitfriits already felt in eve
district of 'the -Statwg 'hdet your -fosterii
care, the harvest in libe rich and aba
dal - They wilt Ao be stronger all
guards than forts tlions. . The -in
gent young man wti himself thus gen
ously trained by- his or the dutes.of li
can never forget that ' a Siate to lie f
-he will alwafyfeel e has-a c-aim up
him,.and in the hour .trial;.'will regard-i
saerifie too dato - of bar institutior
Wise-policy dictites ir capacity for goo
should be enlarged. 4o ' tant of .our; meal
Too mucl. praise .can. be warded to Ge
James Jones, Chairma the Board of Visito
for-ihe snuelfsh deo ' 'th Which he watch
over and guards tbe i' erest.. ..He has.ju
reason to be proud o success which h
crowned his efforts, a' _ State may congr:
ulate herself that the ent was intrust
to.the guidance-: of o highly qualified t
the task. - :
With but a few' a on.s, I have review
the regiments of the . and fifth military i
visions of the Statee. a regiments of Ch
leston and Lauren. ' cts. 1. was grajili<
with the military'spim ced, nod-the knot
ledge of tactics whic a.u been generally l
quired. The Adjianf;' Inspector General
found always at his pO$ nd it affords me mu
pleasure to testify to. zeal and. efficiency
the discharge of hits gi 'It is not necessa
that I should urge*.upot 'o the imporltance
keeping up our presen itia system. Our p
euliar condition, 'end 'dangers to which i
are exposed .both: f within and withot
should preclude the t of abaindoning
It is not desirable, * bpracticable to mal
regular soldiers of o as, but.i( is. impc
tant to teach themat 'm udimepts of 'th
security and defence. he muster field, like t,
school house, has its lessons. It inculcates t1
duty of obedience, the virtue of courage, ai
the sent.ment of patriotism-and without the
elements, the standard of character can never 1
high.
The Free School system will receive at yo
hands that consideration which its importan
demands. Its results have fallen so far short
its object, that it may be pronounced a failui
Its defects ha. e been long felt, and yet nothii
has been done except to double the sum
money to be wasted under a bad system.
requires thorough and entire reformation.
is unfortunate that the end which was evident
contemplated by the act of 1811 has been aba
doned, and that what was intended to intrbd'u
gradually a general system of common schoc
has been perverted to the exclusive educati
of paupers. In my judgment we would retu
to the policy of 1811, and seek to inaugurate
system which, in its ultimate developmei
ahould bring the means of education within tl
reach of every family in the State. A perfe
scheme cannot be matured at once. It i-v es
to devise. a beautiful and consistent plan, as
thing of specnlation, but it could not ao rendi
be put into operation--partly 'from the wint
means, partly from lack of interest in the bet
fis of instruction, and especially from the Ii
possibility of procuring competent teachers.
Our Incipient measures should look to the dout
end of creating a popular demand for educatic
and of furnishing instructors able to mupply
Normal achools, as being too exclusively profi
'sional, are unsuited to the former purpose, al
until that is accomplished, nothing is gained
the prepiaration of teachers. It seems tor
.that in conformity with the principle that knoi
edge' dese'nds, and that the supply creates I
Idemand, the first step should be to establish
high school in each district in the State, in whi
p'pils cduld be prepared for business or the u
versity, and from' which a certain number of
digent young men of industry and promi
'should be sent to college at the expense of'-t
Stte upon the condition of devoting themsel'
to the office of teaching for a specified peri
after their graduation. The next atop should
to institute, as teachers and pupils could be c
tained, inferior schools in every portion of I
land, until the means of Iiitruetion are' mi
accessible to all: The' high schools, as a preli
inary measure, would be 'a real and efficeient p
visilon for popular instruction. Light cannot,
confined. *"A city set en an lillecannot be his
Intolligenice is essentially diffusive, and whate1
increase, learning in one portion of the como
nity, elevates the standard of thought in all.
The high schools would at once create a dema
r for the inferior, and furnish ihe means of pro
,ding them with teachers.
, If the State, however, sbould decline to c
Sbark in ageneral system, and should continue
,restriet, its appropriation to the indigent,i
r rncipe which at present 'regulates the dis
>binothe fund should certainly be chang
f By our public policy, education is denied to o
t half of our population. The other halt u
.constitute our political vitality, are unequL
Sdistributed over the State; and it is this port
a of our population whom it is our duty and<
, policy to educate. The distribution should
Sin proportion to white population. If the St
eundertakes to raise a fund to educate the pc
it should be spent where it is most needed
e Under .the present method, no more mono:
a allowed in one section for the education' of
i or six hondred children, than in another for
, or a do. .. In a matter of such vital imports
. to the State, district and parish lines should
i disregarded. Whether we live in the mounta
e or on the sea.board, in the mIdst of light or a
if rounded byignorance,we areill equally interes
. in the noble work, and into whatever benigh
d part of the State the rays of knowledge car
I, made to penetrate, we should freel as csizena
e the same State, enjoying one renown, and in
d to one destiny, that the partial blessing is
n general good. If the rich do pay largely to
. sopport of government, they enjoy large pro
- tion, and-they will consult true policy by cot
-. buting-hiberally to the cause of-education, wI
, suffrage is universal, and government resta
a recthy on- the public will. buperfieial knowle
is better than no knowledgre, for, after all,
. truths-that regulate the relations of-life are pl
No and die near the- surface.. An ignorant.peop
lhe 'may passivelyenjoy liberty, but they cannotfo
ird- is inspiration, and will bring no sacrifice to il
re altar. - -
ii .1; wal not on suphan.occasion enlarged on t
aid necessity and importance-.of publie instructini
re. All civilized governmerib recognize the dut
'he. and, labor to meet its requirements. T.e -sul
ed'. ject e'. itself with . peculiar force to
ry sia. " iig community.., 'he .world owes!
le- eivijiia on to slavery. It ,exists with:us ibi'
ht desirable and enduring frpm. "t. is.'the -corne
~d' stone of our -republican edifice,' .an) its strong
ad -est defence. will be..found .i'a the education'(
those. entrusted -with its preservation.
2,. It, is, hiwever, impossible - that tlie .preyer
of system, or any other,. an liesmwdo tp .orkwe
on without a responsible head.. Ther- must: b
p. . unity and energy. Allow me to' urge apon .yeo
w. as has often been done, the neesitrof appin
he ing a ,Superintendent of Public .lpetructiot
jn Select a man suitate for the ,work. .Yay liar
g. liberally. Cheap.ofieera usually yender,eheal
ru, s; rvice.. uate it -hia-duty to xit every peigh
is borbigodin ths Spate,and aseain'lsherniach),p)
are needed-where scbool houses y. becon
ly veniently.locted-where, owing.to sptesenqs
b. of population, they cannot-where thou egwh
rs are able- to educate will unite with the Statj
ry in. the establishaent of. Academjes.. In ;word
iQ dojs has-been' dons. elsewhere-have asurve
n. of the field',f ignorance, 'and with. tbe.mp be
e. fore 'on, dedide on your system., M1ake at4 les
hi.. this effort, and if it results in nothing-if it
r. consequence of insurmountable dillcilties .i
re, our -ondition, no 'idiprovement; can bb made o
or the recent system, and the door of the. laid air
in iopelessly. doomed 44.ignorance, poverty an
io erime-y,a will at lsast feel Conscious of havipj
gs. done your duty, . andlthe public anxiety on th
)d subject will be quieted.
is. IThe Lunatic Asylum is well mainaged, ini
a. successfully performs its mission of mecy ani
s, hunranity.~ 1 feel relieved from the nede~rity
as making any special recomumendation in relaiio'
t .oit; as committees were'appointed at your lnss
as session to examine its condition and report o
it. its necessities. After 'a coniparisode"of its re
rd suits with other institutions, and a carefuliispeo
or tion of its interior condition, 'I cannot withhold
the expression of my belief that it is 'an iiistI
sd tution "more sinned' against than sinning.".
Ii. , Not less humane in its object than the care
r. and treatment of lunatics, is the instruction of
sd the deaf, dumb and blind. Th! State recognizes
. her obligation to. provide for. this unfortunate
e. ;class of her citizens, and has al.ways generously
I responded to the appeals which have Ieei ihadi
:h in their ,behalf. For many, years a' fat
in annually appropriated for'the maintenance and
ry education of her poor mutes in Nrirthern Iisti
of tulions.~ Parents generally' were averse to send
e. ing their children abroad, and few availed the.m
re selves 'of the opportunity 'thus -afforded. l
it, 1849, fr. N. P. Walker was induced by'various
it. considerations to establish a school for thei
e education at Cedar Springs, within our own
r. State.,. The motive that prompted the.effort way
at praiserorthy'in the highest degree, .His socese
r .ider fe illieuttiei-helid- nehi rts
to has been remarkable, but his means are limited
te and wholly inadequate to meet the increasing
id demands of the institution. I recommend ic
e you the propriety of authorizing the commis.
>e sioners of the deaf, dumb and blind, to purchase
the establishment, and to place. upon it suel
or additional conveniences and buildings as will
:e make it efficient for the number of inmates whc
of are likely to occupy the same, and to lease it to
'e. Mr. Walker, or some other suitable teacher, of
ig to make some other arrangement which they
of may deem the best, for the support and edeca:
It tion of the inmates.
It In this way the State may gradually and eco.
ly nomically build up an establishment of her own
ri. equal to the wants of these objects of hei
:e sympathy.
Is As part of the same scheme, I also recommend
in that the same commissioners be authorized to
rn provide for the reception and education of idiots
a Until recent years, no effort his been made to
it, relieve this most miserable and pitiable class of
e human sufferera, because their condition . has
et always been regarded ao utterly beyond the reaci
iy of human benevolence. Modern philanthropy
a which has achieved such wonderful triumphi ii
ly ths. case of the mute, has at last conquered- the
of misery of the poor, neglected, loathed' idiot.-Il
e has been demonstrated by actual result-that the
ii. idiot has "some-latent-germ of~ intellect, and i:
- capable, under patient culture, of being. renderei
Ie comparatively useful, domfortable and ..happy
n, OI~the deplom-ble condition-of these unfortunati
it. reatures, it would searcely be an exaggeratio:
is to say that 'they are little better cared " for thai
id the beats which perish." What joy will it no
by impart to parents, whose homes are afflicted witi
te the presence of the idiot- child,.to learn that
rI- place has been provided to which 'he- might b
he removed, and. as light is gradually let in upoi
a his dark- soul, what blessings will they not-dnvoka
:h on the State that thus mercifully dispenses iti
ii- eharity.
n.An interchange of opinion with aecveral'of t
se Judges and distinguished lawyers, has induet
he 'me, though not a member of the legal p'rofessior
esi to bring to your consideration the~ propriety c
ad ma'king a systeapatie revision of the statutes c
be the State. . I rely with greati confidence on tis
ib- judgment of those who have made. the law .thy
he -study of their lives, and I trust I shall not bi
de regarded as travelling beyond the sphere of -in,
m- duty in urging upon you a matter that so -despi:
ro- concerns every member of the common~esltl
be I will not go into a statement of the many cor
1." siderations which to my mnind render such a worn
rer desirable, and I might- add necessary,. in-'h
iu- opinion both of the Bench and Bar of the.Stat-e
- During the short Seerdons of the Legislaturi
nd and in-the ordinary course of our legislativ
Vi- proceedings, it is vain to expect that any thi
rough amendment of the law upon even a fe'
m. subjects, can be effected. If the subject sha
to appear to your honorable bodies worthy of ai
he tention, I bog leave to recommend,.that.:con
tin. missioners of diligence and ability shialk .l
ed. charged'-with the-duty of reporting to the legii
me- lature for its consideration the general eleume
'ho tary provision for a revised .code of a statul
Ily law, and some or all of the parts of such a cod'
on -A mere compilation of statute law a it oxisi
mr would necessarily be insufficient, and 'inwortl
be of great or ; but if conomissioners entrusto
ate with the necessary powers, should be requirt
or, to report the nature and 'reasons of all t~
_changes they might suggest, they would beib
is to d'evise a general scheme to which all the par
ice could be conformed; arid their remiembrance
ten the legislative sanction, which must preceed-1t1
ice validity or their iuggrestionh, would' restra
be sufficiently any disposition on thenir part to e
,ins travaganit innovation.
ur. I concur in the recommendatIon of my' pred
ted cessor as to the propriety of repeah~ng our usui
ted laws. These laws originated in ignoranee ai
be prejudice; and, like all government restrictio
Sof on trade, are inconsisfent, with the enuigtltend
ted policy of the age. They chieck'-honest bidusti
the and evaded, as they constantly are, afford mad
the quate protection to those for whom-they we
lee- enacted. Unprincipled men occasionally seti
tri the plea to avoid their obligations, but the u
ere fortunate, or the unwary, rarely have tima for
di- tudo to face-the publi.disapprobationi.with whi
dge such efforts are most generally visited..- Resti
the tion on the use of money-often deprives inde
.an.tt.ios ,men of- the- means -of- exitricating thtel
Ie selves from'embarrassqptland preclpitates the.
el ruin *hieh4lmely aid .might .bae arre$gsL :,It
has betene, pever keeps of,.ths. levy :of the bheri,
when heprdeds4spita Jrqs .toits iustiprseap;
e p 6taa iehdegaJizedissy .wgu.4.qev~~r easse,
I The trade in money should -be .a free as .the.
, -tra4e in apyother comnodity. The. tietal dug
t. ook of:tleeartb.does no, lose. its origins eharec
a te b M sippitgdermspent! To theie
IL ter by Uwtet.l~ C,~r~tt
lt. is as oclsheprodget of ch-s 9a coteos.
a. -iaoths plagter. Tjhere ass .ood. .reasoe for
government to unplertkb to f-the value of th.,
- one as of the other. ;Both spe eechangeabi
commodities and their prices should be'left ta
be.regulated by the law of supply.and demand.
By vartue.of cbartera,. assOeted capitalha per
y mittid to realize eight, te, and even larger.p
e ces.tag .W y shoul ndividpaeesptdl je,b
6 rpstrietedunder,a penalfy, to peven' per- !
,. Ji be a question.o morals,. it is, difalt.
comprehur- the. cod,. which in the-..oe .case;
stigmaizes the ..bidividiat who .saeka ten per.
ceatgor the us ..of li capital, as'ap'surer, and,
in'the.pther.attempts to dignify the sqme prsdee
a Iby. einjt dialsigia exebangs. Competition
in money, as ip. everything else, minst operate.
beneficially :pghe public at large.. These lawa
have been abolished in the country from which
we borrowed -them, and I think. the exalaple.
wortby of Imitation.. .
. recogpienda aitertio ..of .our enclospre.
laws, as a measure demanded by oui- interees
rand necessities as an agrkatdtural people.. When
timber was abundant4a54- l~ut little. of. our soil
brought into eltivationthese lawn may have
been properiuti tlii itatlhange which has
taken platein our cndition, bfltigsrulongwith
[ it a necessity for-a corresponding change of our
policy.. .The system =should' now be' reversed,
= and-insfeadof-compelling the eultivator of the'
soil to fence his crop, the- owner should 'be r.'
I quired to .enclose his stock.- Tillage ik- our
I great-interest, and should no longerbe-enbjdeted
r to -a; tax -se-onetous and 'unneoeseiry. - is
vastly-cheaper to fencelour-stock than our,ecop
The time "and :timber annually- consumed In,
building and repairing fencet,l($rhielr ?iir ice
timated-would:amount.to-aoenormous !fe, is
.o much.-capital literally - sunk, Fwith no return
whatever-. The prodets--of the- soil will -ma
ture as well without'as with-fences, and the law
stould'aoteesthea-from the depredatiha sfhe
stoek of the:country. We -are not .a-stock
raisin-:people,- and. lif we were, our-jpresent
method is the worst possible plan that.could be
pursed, to neomplbsh the object. Achangopof
our policy is desirable; considered -simply in
reference todts-effect upon -stock. Their -Maio
would- be greatly -enhaneed; for animsis,"like'
human beings, thrive-in: oroportion-to-the-.'r
bestowed upon them. I hazard little hsaying
that in five year., tnder . the better treatment
they would; receive,: tthe..entire stock of the
Slate would bring more money in market than
they would at this momebt, while in the mean
time their value-as a moans .of enriching our
imprverished iands wounld .be increased to, an
extent almost incoinceivable. On the ofher hand, it
ipdificalito-estimate the.advantag e t roiold
-resuht~foumteqleelisting& . f
be put to .the annual custom of burmng our
forests for pasturage-a practice dangerous in
itselr and injirious both to soil and timber.
Liabililv to'accidents on our railroads would be
[essinel, and our courts would be rid of the
petty, and, I tear, demoralizing litigation grow
ing out of the killing of stock. by these; roads.
The land now taken up by fences--anl it is
rich, and embraces thousands of acres over-the
State, would be at once brought into cultivation.
The time now wasted in the construction and
repair of fenqos would be devoted to the im
prov'ement of our farms. Th'e timber thiat is
left in.our forests would become money to our
people. - Such a law would infringe upon no
man's right nor deprive him of a single privilege
to which he is properly entitled. . It would -im.
part new life to agriculture, give a new direction
to its efforts and add largely to the aggregate
wealth of the State. I know that there are
portions of the State that do not, and perhaps
may never, feel the necessity- of this change of
our policy, but is it wise or just that the great
permanent interest of. the State should be-saeri
tied in mero deferenos toi .the mistaken and er
roueous notions of our people on the subject of
stock raising and its supposed privleges4
- An -application 'ill be made toyou for aid,:by
the State Agricultural Society. The Legislature
haa wisely cuntributed to the.medical association
and the mechanics'.institute.- The -baisis of-.the
organization of -this- society : affords reasonable
grounds to hope that it wilfbe permanent; and
I am sure you cannot hesitate to give substantl
eneouraigemient to an interest whieb is the great
source of our wealth, and whichg without inhr.
mmingr-payes two-thirds of our annual taxes.
I reedmwend the snm. pf ffive thousand 'dol
lars be annually contributed to this soity,se
lo.ng as it continues to exist- . - :
B' The admInistration of our laws In relation to
Sour colored population by'our courts of mnagis
trates and free holders,- as these courts are at
B. present conlstituted. calls loudly -fr- reforms.
I Their -declasions are rarely in -conformity 'with
,justice ovdiumanity. -I have* felt-constrained, in -
f .s.majority ofe Cases -brought to my notice,
t either to mo ify the sentence, or: seritsaide
Saltogether.. 1 recommend, -in all easses involving
life, that the-trial of shave -and free persons of
B. color-be held at the court house- of- the- district
r :in whlich the offence is- cdmtnitted-that 'the.
r :clerk, ordinary, and sheriff -of- the- district eoli
istitute a court to. try such eases, and- that while
- -thus employed they -be- allowed the usal per
a diem. These officeers enjoy the co'hfidence of
B the eomnmunity,-anid would be-'free -fro's neigh-<
-borhood prejudice,-which too often stands in the
, -way of-impartial justice. -The decisions of such
a a tribunal would give satisfaction to the -publie,
and afford ample protection to the master. It
V *roald be a court. always at hand, and would
1possess the requisite intelligence and-humanity,
qualities indisipensable in- those armed withithe
- ower to pass upon the lifejnddeath of ahumnan
S being, whatever be his condition- or complexion.
- Should you deem it-proper to associatefree hot
- ders,.then it might be the duty of these officers
5 to name six, (rpm whomw the defendent -ahould
-have the right to.seleet three. Unanimity should
a be regoirsl.in the verdieL. However -you.may
r regard these suggestIons, I bring- the matter to
ci your notice, under the strong co.uviction- that
a reformtisasecessary. --
eThe legislation of the State in relationtc
Sored seamen has leong - been a- matter of comn
.plaint and remonstrance on - the part of foreign
nations. So strong, indeed, has been the op..
Sposition to our laws on the subject, that at one
ntime formal- proceedings were'instituted by the
British Government to -teat theirvatldity. - That
attelmpt to coerce the State into a relaxation of
e-a policy deemed to be unauthorized -and- un.
-yesai-tign;was uoon found to be an ill
cdedss amovemient -and The proceeding were
is abandoned as-.-formally:as they wereintttd
'I The tight of. the State to enferce, wihkin her
1 limlits, such- police laws as she may deo ssean
e-] t to this public safety,i is-a right which South
re ICarolina will never submit to the arbitriment of
'P a ny tribunai on earth. She does -not hold this
n- Iright~y 4irtue of -written parehments, and she
~'recognises no resatraint- in its -exercise but such
sh i ts is imposed by her own-sense of jestie and
i-. proprietyi- So lona-hierightV5asuetoned
adany dispositl-on manifested to-interfere with
n- .ts,..e...s., sonth-Carolins resolutealvmnalntain.
la! stand fslly uiad l i4
tioq .New that, the spbjpwt is from-jtpu e .
barrassment which the proe&dings nterrs r
.thrptTys it,anwd en. to
II no-19e gledes
is~ tpo m.tha quesion
dispssiontately..It is not- eear, o
re,tr-t t:cio-auistalles.ou$ofW t
org' :-l.norn moind. ypp of theY
hie katn-place 'tit:s o .
and.* ity-to meatthevery euwrgenIpy
which the .w jntededAo' guard. -
tha erW 8us ..=i tgv! k Qtdanaei~i
dantered byits uoodilflea . 'e
tl law is -to Prev 2i qft s m o
ceudigry eent among shen Ut wodrdto,
.I rpee.an. auty, tenrs o
develomaaent.
ash.law ew stands, cobocede
may-visit ourporta, either hig the puvsit
lawfulvocatios,.opibe driyea Into then by
of weather,.are.eeIse, the aterii &n
ae felo-rt ' he publig'set
inmes'ath 4ecomin jai.to -
mrtnr ~f~r ese.-listleritie'
inop enntact.wlth orl own refge popp
It , rvl4.be aw itMsed ifalien boe
the pretence of tie aut pom.Itea,
v is amt a .ts'oo ~oIety wiehthmu.
es them, md? endeavor o chito the''
toyspirits amog whom 'h :are t
Viwed in this lhi, tbet ih eertehitj
end. Tbe.renedy is gone .th n the
seeks to epre.
lIscoebend that The law .be so modlli
to rmit coldred sestie, t6e sub est
' to remain on board their vEISels,'ti
allow'd 4ilaid whenever 'he4at'ers'of the
set may teuiu'tn therteOlrnf a
permit to- effect fri Mayi dthe"
and that wbil on land y be subjecttid -
ordiiary freltrietst aPli~ to the ative not =
scpi'psltioen Bitch a odiienanrb31t aid.
lieve t t( Wwrof allIt'ha sJleesi, i itst s
proiing'oad-ighter endahgering noid ~as*
gdit.:. -Blioid oar condetned, wMoliisetii6
thds nieh " lmsoe'who Bleek utf ohkate Mine'
Iy relations with us, be abased, and'the'odl
la befod-te iwdrk badly,-it:wiLa*Itipbite
un'der the dodtrol of th'Isi g1slatutefund eia O
as'enrdtfly isepeaflbe a-s : Slvery Tor hier
saults-to-gaaattagaiset'tifn anyliktelyfowrls
fani allowing a'few. e'oereieooks ad er4t
to laud on; der shores, :and-he weanh rttist
than strengthen -the institutide-by attempthwg Oi
hedge it arodnd with any userebe:propd
Whirtethtte ablitionistsiaragermitted'toweat
and go among no with hmpunity, wetbay4ohm
ate'tho oedodl or :seeidentatl pis gee'ef e
few fr-be-negroes fren.'ereign eouia .yh .
natieism has afide~to Overitirow 'the insf ~t blr
have thus- far served but to strengthen it in thos'
sonfdense-and-afeetions of-oar people. "While
we continue to discharge-our true obi' tion. td:
our slaves; *their loyality and- fdelity -W ean
unshaken. The colored hireling who may vists
as will see much in their condition to envy.
W may realize the important truth that liberrty
shorn of all its rights, is bt-ta -mi'erable boon,
compared withr their substantial comforts -knid
happy existence.
i herewith transmit resolutions from the-State
of Rhode Island and Connecticut. .1 received'
certain resolutions froum the State of Masaehwhm
setts, which- I returned to the dovernorif tist
State. Had Massachusetts confined herself te
resolutions expressive of her feelings-and par.
poses in re stion to slavery, impertinent 1sJw
may have.regarded them, I would have iee'ed
hem - witr indifference, and, transmitted, thes
without comment; but I consider tnesets of her
late Legislature as an insult and an outrage
upon every -member of the Confedenrey, Miho
hsaright to demand the enfordedient ef th
re siv lave set. A-State whose Llegislatume
deliberately, unblushingly, .imnpiously, -.iolates
hereost~tuioalobligatios, and whosepeh
reitthe exec-ution of law, even to the.hdde
fboois not entitled to comity fromn us ;a
ehneof civilitiers -with a people who fleettta
bnodisgrace to prevent the recovery of stolen
property, will hardly reclaim the faithless, andid.
incompatible with the. respect whisk honesy
. Te aitaionin~elaionto slavery continus
o increase, and is rapidly tending~to its blody
termnation. Measures which it was hoped~bp
somewonld. give quiet to the country and dig.
nity to its deliberations, have served but tore.
double the ef forse andlaugment the power of ahes
liion. Civil-war .is a direful culamuity,s bnt Its
sonrges are to be endored- in peerence to de
gradation and rein...The peop e oftenth CS,
Maresalive to the issus, ad. ate miudfataf
their gbligations. .--They are calm becess they
are' prepared' and self-reliant. They- have not
forgotten their history, and they will not fall to
vindcate its teaching'.. The right "to provide
new gu fd or their Auture security," has been
seale by the blood of their ancestors, audsit
wiU never be surrendered. Come what. may,
&' they will do their duty. and leave the- eons.
quences to God." .. -J. B. AD)AM&
- TiE Faxous GioRGE liaw MUuEETs.--We
learn, from god authority, that the Russistss
Government liapurchased the above.Bresermis
-100,000 old United States musketwe belles.
--and-the same are now -in process of alteration
into semi-MInie rifles, at Co's 'establishmea,
Hartford, Connecticut. It is a singular- .Ss,
that the chief belligerent. parties in tr 'present
European war, have come to the city of Hart
ford, Connecticut. .to: obtain their beat urene.
Messrs. Robbins ds Lawrence are turning .out
over 1,000 rifles per month for the Sharp'a8.ihe
Company, of that place, on an English contract,
besedes a large quantity of.other arum'Ecs
sivi additions have been made to their worki by
the erection of new bulldings, and, Ifite wr'
continues, .further etgllsions will be inade.-.
Scientifle American. ..
Naar~zox I. 230 3ns SUCessaoa.-A haris
correspondent of thie New York Post witetto
follows: ..
" The Emperor is excesshly r'es~rved-dds
not seeany one, and grants no audience. 'lge.
sonas" of high .degree have sougbt an futer
irew In vain. It is said, bkut-I do not knowwIth.
what-truth, that he wears a e 'Twdthast.
was thia very cuiras whI~h turpe -the 47f1 ef
Planori. It Is further itat'ed that hsbn mile
his wWl-according to whih, IF the shiM, wheth.
era boy orqgirl, to whic teh ''m~ise- gitt
shortly give birth, should dietindif sate 8di&
of Napoleon IHI. hes shoul'dk~n hafdifieehtr,
Fran.. is agin to beconie a-R1publi tiieuhief
of whiph a tu be Prince Napolet,wtur1br &ts
reason, affets Demperatic tendenee., -
.HABn.TOKl.P. BEE, sq. , I h 9pehr of
the House. of Rlepresentatihea in Texas; Hs i
. South C.analta. - .--~