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- - - *~ -- *. - - - - mi litt gina1 " . t 22lcTh, 3%Xohc~,6f 'W.-F. DITRISOE, Propietor. EDGII:1FIELJD, s. Co, -JN r 184 THE EDGEFIELD ADVERTISER. IS PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY BY W. F. DURISOE, Proprietor. ARTHUR SIMKINS, Editor. TERMS. Two DOLLARS per year,.if paid in advance-TWO DOLLARS and FIFTY CENTS if not paid within six nonths-and TtatEE DOLLARS if not paid before the expiration of the year. All subscriptions not distinct ly limited at the time of subscribing, will be consid ed as made for an indefinite period, and will be con tinued until all arrearages are -paid; prai the option of the Publisher. Supseriptions from other States must invariably he accompanied with the cash or eterence to some one known to tu. ADy-RTISEMENTS will be conspicuously inserted at 75 cents per Square (12 lines or less) for the first inser'tion, and 371 cents for eaeh subse'qietnt insertion When only published Motthly or Quarterly $1, per square will be charged. All Advertisements not having the desired number of insertions marked on the margin, will be continued until forbid and charged accordingly. Those desiring to advertise by the year can do soon iheral terms-it being distinctly understood that con tacts for yearly advertising are confined to tll, imme diate, legitimate business of the- firm or individual contracting. Transicut Advertisements must be paid for in advance. For announcing a Candidate, Three Dollars, in advance. For Advertising Estrays Tolled, Two Dollars, to.he said by the Magistrate advertising. THE VIEWS OF JOSEPH ABNEY, Esq., ON THE. PiACT:ca.nt.rY AND TIE I'tiLIC AND rIuvATE BENEFITS OF TtE SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY RAIL ROAD. Ra. EDITon :-I am the devoted friend, as well as the uttfliieting advoc:tted of a well-reg ul'tcl pree; au.i I rejoitge in the F'dittoria! pro fessiott, feeling some degree of pride, tl:t I my self once belhi red to the Editort:l corps. I must admit, Iltougl. wi b deep.mtiorilianotnn, that it appears well for me, that tmyp Vinod gt:its, or my pttrsiis in another profession, have hihher:o restrained me from sle:tkii ti:dtm-h betfre ti.e public. Of the lit:Ie. I have h-id the mi-tort utte to utter, scarcely a single notion has been cur reetly tnd faithfuliv Irnsferred to the column of nt Newspaper or public Gazette. Seldotn. indeed, do I enjoy the feicity of readin the re port of a meeting, how unintport:tl soever, in which I bore an linmble part, or of an unpre tending speech I attempted to make, in which I do not find aerihued to m.. languar, and opin - ions, that suf use my cheeks with shamne. My greatest and most earnest exertions tr the bene fit of my r.ace. are "damned wi: It fint praise," and my most indifferent and tttnitiou efforts are rendered doubty odious, by heitng misunder stood, misprinted and misquo:ed by the power ful meditut, whieb should pronmlgate then to the world, if nith itpartility, yet wilhout -jting dow aught in malice. IL, vorily seem:} iitt"itt'ti: Qiiie i 1 tetbitimrn .aenn espciatlaapetilarffcility in distort. ing. misinterpreting, or fotly misrepresent og, whatever views or sentime its I enlevor to deliver to them, on anv subjeet of discusion. whether of great moment. of lit le moment, or of no interest at all. Perhaps. I atm too impa tient in my dispo'i:ion, and lack that fortitude of * spirit, which di-pels the mtelantholv forebodings of a distempered mind. The l tl, more likely, is in the titnes. We are a fast people. Every man acts frotn impulse. No one takeM a secotd thought. The pre'ent moment dcides every. thin,. Let the best ch-tracter in the land be tradneed, and no one calls for the proof of guilt, but for the statement of it, that he may commit it to memory, transeribe it, or repeat it. and givy it swifter wing. Thus i: is with the Press, :ts it is in societv. What 1 ditor ever :tsk if a most damning importation ag..i:st his poltical appo nent come sustained by irrefragaile testimony? The evidence is the last part of the -cl:trge' he desires to see. Thtis is crimitnal negligeece, * and it is corruptin~ attd debasitng to the' whlole public P'ress of the country. That -noble en gine of eivil liberty shotuld be as veliabte ats holy Writ, and its colutns as sacred to trttuth, as thte paiges'of the Gospel itself'. But in many places, most tunhatppily for the imterests atnd en lightenment of the peopleil, the Press hats bieen suborned by poiwerfuil atnd untcruputlons dema gogues and poiliticatl partizants, and int others, ineficeient, idle mett ha:ne been employed to cotn tr'.I it, ttttil it has become proverbiatl, in many parts, neither for wisdom, truth, nor itndepetn dence. An Editor should be ant oratcle of' trtuth, and a paragon of virtue, and his robe shotuld be as unst ained as the surplice of God's mtinister officiating at the holy altar. On the putrityv of the Press, on its waichtfulnes, on its utpright ness depend the hopes of our Government, the - civilization of mankintd, aind the tfreedomn of all nations. Pardon me the digression. Mi r. EDIToR. The subject is of snech vital interest, that my pen pursues it involtuntarily. and with the ardor of' a first love. The immediatte object of' my swritint is more of a personal ebaracter. Mfy attention was directed, ronly a day or h~vo ago, to various patssages, conmmutticatted and edi torial, in diffe.renut papers, and of fregnuent allu sions in conversatioti, which I had tlwayvs, tuntil very recently, innocently sutpposedl, were aimed at others, toueintg some Speeches I nmtde, ir thte Summer, ott thte Saivannah lRiver Vaulley Rail Road, and particnlarly to a pairagraph mi one ol the Editorial articles of the~ Abbeville Bonnae in which, to ny titter ats,tni,hmenit, I mti tmad to give expression to lantguagte that tnever oe eturred to myv mind, and to principles, that evert friend of mine wonld feel disaippointted, if not humiliated, to see proceed either fronm my pe: or from my tongtue, in the must heated cottro versv. Such atrgumnents were fit only foir: >sehool-boy, who was debatting. "whether love o mtoney had the most inifittttce over tt:it:ki, orl"htr L e pumfpk~in belonged to te umn in whose field the seed sprtouted, or to huint i whose field the frttit grew." ~A certatin orator. :.m~ong other things, is rep iesentted as advocaiting thte imtprtan'ce of estabL -'~ ishing a R:ail Roatd athotng the S mv~umiah River nd rinstead of atssumuing puosiitns frainghlt will dignity atnd 'reason, lhe diverges from his thetme - dgsend, to se.urrility, (jfiniblg antd nonuisent5 mnakea false nssertions and failliciouts represetn and withtLisechare'd, (as thec greate-,t olene of tehem.ll)vith bitter hiostility aid actual op potin16 thle atgust Gree'nville anid Colittm bia Rail Roiid Company, antd to the itnterest and reputation ofiht, vt'ery respectable Rai Road itself.6Ad;1 now tida, thatt the mnatter by lio tmeants,.h id in end with -thle very ea:rttesi btttnt unkind commnents of the Abbet ille Bran ner, to wvhichlI haye jiust niinded, ina few waor.hs -I Riave seen atnd hteard, (being ntow satisfieud thta - .reference was hatd to me alonec.)-the samest eet,several titmes since, sitarply aidverted toi other qtuarters, antd the tnuoffeniding "Orator c the Dar-k Corner and Rocky Ponds," isthu madethieinnocentt catuse of a very wordy ttn unrelei'ting papor-wvarfare, -between two rim Rair'Roads-whtich expect~ to compete with, on .anotbi or caurtying that atbuindancei of tratd ..,jdia to flow itito our State from the rie valley ofnthe Mississippi, and from the bountiful bosom of the West, on the completion of the stupendous project, patronized and chartered under the name of the Blue Ridge or Rabun Gap Rail Road. I am sure that the remarks of the Banner, relative to myself, were conceived in a good. spirit, apd were uttered only through misappre hension, as'they were temperately and tastefully spoken, and as the very best, almost confidential relations existed between me and its unfortu nate departed Editor and Proprietor; and, there fore, I am the more anxious that I shall be pro. perly understood in this explanation, and that even my views, unimportant as they may be shall not again be misquoted and misinterpreted in the same friendly quarter, in which I first saw the commentary referred to. I shall be Letter unders.tood, probably, by giv ing a short history of the scheme of the Savan n:mi River Rail Road, its inception, its progress and its present hopes. It so hapiened, that in latter part of the year 1851. or in the first part of the year 1852, if I recolleet nright, I was engaged in professional business, or in defending a negro man who was tried fur his life, near Dorae's gold mine. At the concinsion of the tri:d, the subject of build ing a Rail Road in that vicinity was introduced by some sanguine and enterprising young men. After a short conversation of a few minutes, it WnQ proposed, by myself, I believe, or by Mr. ATTiCUS ITr, now no more, that the compa ny assembled should organize themselves into a meeting to consider the practicability of building a Rnil Rond on the Savannah side of Abbeville andEdgeficld,and to take the initiative in enlisting the community in its support. I was accordingly called to the Chair, (being thus made the Chair i an of the first grand council, 1 presume, ever held in regard to the Savannah River Road,) explained the object of our meeting in as perti tient a Speech as my poor ability and the occasion would admit of, and -at the conclusion of our de liberations,'drew up, in 'connection with Dr. J. H. -J ENINGS, their results and fowarded them to the F dgefieldi.Advertiser. for publication. It was resolved among other things that Delegates, who were duly nippoiutcd and qualified to act on iour behalf; should- be sent to the. Rail Road Convention then soon to psemble at Andrson, and that under the direetiin of our Committee of Correspotdence, which was also formally raised and invescted witi proper functions, various other meetings. of a like character should be held in Abbeville and Edgefield. attimds and places specified. Of all these proceeding's the pu ;IC was duly notified;and my friend the Edi Ior f. the Edgefield Advegiser, made his aceus tomed unfahvorable comments thereon, beeause the project did not ex'nctly suit his eye, and the rout did not lie through the central portion of the District. I recollect, that it was scrionsly con sidered whether or not, I should be called upon to address the public at the first Barbecue to be given, and as I was likely to be a candidate for re-election to the Legislature, and as there might be a confilt of opinion among the voters of my District as to the general fittiess, propriety and practicabilitv of our Road, it was determined, in all kindness to me, and without -any agency;of, upun a subject of so nuch interest, especai yy as . lived at Edgefield Court House, and might be suspected of being actuated by improper and sea fish motives or the lust of popularity. - llere the matter rssted until the first large Barheee at Dorne's in the Spring or Summer, of 1853, at which I was invited to attend and ad dress the people, and though I failed to be pres ent myself, there were some very able and effec tive speeches delivered on the occasion by C.pt. Ao:nEW J. HAMaMoSD. Capt. WVLEY HARRiSON, WItLAar C. MolAGNE E-q., and Mr. Lora of of New York. At the succeeding meetings, however, at the Rocky Ponds, and at DoRNE's which assembled to take stock, upon the earnest soicitation of the people, I availed myself of those opporttinities to speak, and to explain my views at some length. Knowing my sentiments, as he did to he favorable to his darling enter Iprise, Mr. Dons was so resei'ed that I should speak on it, a t his second meeting, and supposing that I' ni'ght not well sustain, or might not like to sustain the loss in business, of being absent from my ofhiee for two or three days, with that liberaliiy w hichi so distinguishes him, he offered 'to pay tue. for my services, a very handsome and indeed ainyfe I wotuld name, which of course, I refused t o accept, as I considered my effort to be an o(ltering to the public good. I have beens th s particnlar. in order to explain most satinfactorily, my whole connection with the Savannah River Valley Rail Road, and to show, that it was not formed from a tuere whitm, or from th e desire of notoriety. Nothing could have exceeded the mildntess and good temper of tiy discouirse on the occa sions referred to, or niy desire to avoid and ab stain from every topic, that might arouse the pssions of those who differed with me, or be get angry controversy. I first endeavored to prove the public beiiefits resulting from good roids and Rail Roads generally, which con veniences we clearly have not, but very much need.,and the absolute .necessity of forthwith building up and estarblishing them throtughout the wvhole State: and I then attempted to show the particula'r advantages, wvhich would inr'e to the people of the Savannrah River from the-great project then in question; anid I am sure,. I only alluded incidentally to the Greenville and Co lumbia Rail Road, while discussing the proba baility of our Road's being able to sustain itself, and to remunerate its Stockhoclders for the cash they might aidvance towards its completion. I will aittempt. briefly aind faithfully to sketch my argument. The system of Roads in South Carolina, and the mode of vgorking anid repairing them, is so very defective, that it is utterly vain for us to expect a common public high-way of this State to be conveienit or comfortable, or, at times, even passible. We ha~ve the worst public Roauds in the wvorld, and they positively reflect. dis race upon our Commonwealth; It is to the oads and high-ways that the traveller first hooks, fort ant indiceition of the hospitality and refinemenit of a nation, and South Carrolina, jdged by such a criterion,.would in truth, rank -little above the Creeks and Choektawa, and Pnnees. And what is worse, rind renders then rotten system more odiouns and intolerable to all senisibile men, is the reflection, that there are nc means of remredying~ it. The obnoxious mem br has an incurable defet-an imrmedicabile vrinus. It must be zimputated, and its plamce must be supplied by aniother. But the misfor. tne oif it. is, thart mortification arid-death may .ensue tupon the administration of the scalpel, ad the treatment may destroy the patient, at is often thme case with our valiant heroes of th, Muedicine bags arid Surgeo's knife. From th< indisposition of our people to pay the legitimatt expenses of their Gov'errnment, and the burdenm incident to the enjoyment of their liberty In m~n~oey, and from the shevish fear of their popti ariy, which possesses our Legislature, and put. a spell upon their Acts, they decreed long rag< that each male citizen of the age, of isixteer years, should be liable to work ont the road itwelve days in each year, instead of paying tax of' four or five dollars, to hire public hands who might'be kept constantly employed on the ibads, with' comnpetent Superintendants ;- an< Iitt-;ikws m c.u...,-.. tha Commisniners ant Overseers, some of Ihem utterly irrespran-ilu and regardless of their duties, should be ap pointed to execute tlis contemp'ible plan. with out any view whatever to their qualifications, character or skill. The consequence.is, that Our roads are never in good condition, there is .no actual responsibility of the Overseers, and the system has been so long in its feeble and per nicious operation,- that it cannot be changed for a wiser and better, and no man has the hardi .hood or courage to propose such a thing. Hence the absolute necessity for Rail Roads and Plank Roads; and hence, the en.ourage ment, that the State has of late extended, of ne etssity, to such enterprises as the one that now engages our attention. The absolute need. therefore. for a change in our system of public Roads is clear to the mean est comprehension, and the only quest ion that can arise is, What system stould be substi tuted for the one we n'ow have in tte? I imagine, that after so long and so sneconfutl a trial of Rail Roads, no one will contend for any othr kind, or. could be contented wit hs a s expeditious mode of travel than tht.atnforded by the Steam-Car, which surp asses all the inven tions o? mim on the subject of loc.onstion~. I The very fact, that Rail Roads vxi-t in omae quarters renders it essentinl that they should exist in others, to keep up a. prper balance, or to preserve the neces:ary equilibrinm in trale. otherwise, those sections that enjoy these f:'ili ties, would monopolize all the trade and all the traffic of the canntry. But their own intrinsie merits are sufileient to recommend thei.- They, in truth, annihilate space, and they gain in time, more than the farner or <rndesman loses in money. Forirerly it took the merchant, mat u facturer or agrieniturist not less than a week to travel forwnd and hick to a market not situ::ted more than an hundred miles from his door; now he can accomplish that whole journey in a d-ty, thus saving six onut of the seven days ; which, estimating his time at one dollar per day, would yield hin the clear profit of six dollars on each journey to market. Extend this principal of cal culation throughout the wthole mnode operandi of travellin-to moan, heast. and wagon. and von will be enabled only to lfm a slight con eeption of the vast benefits of Rail Roads to a country. It is well known that nothing so hummnizes mankind, and so promotes his civilization. e'n lightenment ad religion, as well as his n etthh and liberality, as travel and commerce, and as bringing the people of varions sections, States, Countries, Kingdoms and tongues into one so iety, and- into communion with one :tnother. It is thought by Philosophers and -Historians, th-t the Critsades, thotugh they laid waste, and al most emptied of men and treasure. the fairest portions fit' Europe and Asi:a, and though they caused blood to flow more freely Itha all the other war; of m:nikind, nod exhibited hum:in fe rocity, in forms more hideous trap had ever be fore-beeni wi:nessed on earth, wecre still miost beneficial to the race of'mia. in cnusinz them to know each other, in spreading the learning and arts of one country amana the inhahitants of another, and in catsing the proud combatants of either region to see and acknowledge, that gunt and grace, and of those distinguished farors of 'rovidence, which mark one peop/c as excelling in manners, Governm-nt anl Laws, and in the more exalted virtues that adorn and dignify the human kind, .id point them out is the chosen and well accepted people for the benefactions of Heaven. It is needless for us now to argne that Turn Pike Roads and Plank Roads are not more smit ed to thcfiarmner than those 'or a more expedi tious and exnettsive kind.. It is trite, that they answer well the only purpose fir which they ean I be built to advantage-to intersect the Rail Roads at short distances, and perhaps to t.ra-erse a single County or District. Their mode of travel cannot compete, in long distanees. with the Rail Road, thoungh I an ghttd to ackno Il edge, that they are very essential to lae estab lished by, and in, and tharough single D stalets. I have sometimes persuaded myself, that Rail Roads were invented especi.ally for the good and the glory of this country trind, if I were at all superstitious or credulons; -. would main tan, that their iniventor was inspired of tfleaveri, that the American peoiple might the mnora speedi ly accomplish their manifest datinay, of revolan tianizing the governtments anid laws of tall the nations of the Eartht. Our country is so vast in its extnt-has sneh diverilied interests, so great a vatrietty of eli are aind productions, and so mainy distinct rar es of men scattered tlhnly over* almost half an Continent, and all :icknotwledginig onec and the sme Government anad Federal Constitution, that it really apapears to me, as if nothing couild so tend to promote their harmoany, their unmon, their strength, their wealtha, their science, tand their contimnued freedom, as Stemn Power, le tricity, the Telegrpph atnd the Steam Ctar. A people obeying thie same laws, and rook ing to the stame founitaini ot goveronent fair J-ro tetion, must, kn'ow one another well, mutst deal with oane antother, must commune wvith -one another, anid love and confiide itt one anothier. Else angry contetiions anal coalliaians will takae place, and the linaks and curd-a of Governmntt wil be dissolved, like threads of wtax biefore the fltame. A Republie. particularrly, where thte tendency is to extreme demnocracy, and conse quetty to anarebay. where the whole hetat of~ tii human wind is to an excessive "r larwlessindep'en dence,antd wvhere the cenitrifurgal force that directs the sphere must, from the natutre of thiings, lhe greater thtan the conttrollintg or centtipi t I power, some influence is indispenstnble, that .shallh bring the peopile close together, mtiiae thetm speak the same language, hetar anad retad the same hawvs, aib serve the same customs, and worshlip tat tlhe statue shrine of religion unid freedomn. WVhat tenids tat acomplish this greait enid, 1ikao the Telegraphie Wires and the Rtail Road Ctars? TJhea Tela-e grph announces to-dray a wondrous inrvaen tioni in the City of New York, tand on to mnor row, we beholad the very impers-ontation oaf tin enterprising, inagenious tand thrifty Ytinkeet, ini our very midst. nott ontly solvinig the mystery, whiba but yesterday was first promuitlged to the ivorld, and but the dtay before, was hiddeti fraom the view aof mtan, bitt aneintily converting it toi the prnacticatl uses tand advantage of hi~s country men. TIo-daiy, a noble machiane air engine is tin nontced to have been extimined at Wa~shiington City,animd to hiave re-ceived thei sact ion of the Patent Office nut horitie-s, aind on the next dtty, t~he Cars brinig to our very doors not oanly the books giv'ing uts thle teaory, but the mtaloine itselt, ready moanufacetured ad prepared fair ser vice. Ina short, our illectricity, our Telegraph, or Rail Rotids atnd Steam Botats, are ntarrowing our dominions, are retnderiing us a comupat. and a closely neighboring nation, not piractictilly. I geograhica/ly; greater in extent, than thre Rae publics of Greece and Rome wcre, whilst, they attrted the eyes of all nations, amid ntu onlv monopolized the glory. but the wisdom, power~ and freedom of the whole world. I hrese um aprovements, which indeed simnpletons nand. do. atards nmay sneer at, are that illustrious mneans which are to obvitite the difficulties and impedi mets of the great Republics of amntiquity, atid which are to vanquish thiose causes thart weraken ed and destroyed the Raiman anal Grecian powet as they extended their conquests beyond thir ist narrow limits and thiat ultimartely, entirely I overthrew nde annihilated their geratnuss at n time when their laws prescribed the line of ducand the rules of action to almost adll heabirable Globe. Why, before the introduction of Rail Ron into the country,.ourstuntest men trembled n foreboded evil at the sight of a. " live Yank. and our daughters, when brought in eontne4 him, shrank,and quailed,.as if in .moinen dread of losing ty craft or violence, tae fastsl of their honor. A. Slaveholiler too, in " land of stendy.habits," was avoided as a f inecarnate, as a ennnibal reeking -and swol with the blood of the victims he had first lace ted and then devoured. His touch was poi Lion. and the very children, in the regions of' and snow, lisped his name with frantic borr Wlhlat now have it few years. with n few Sled Car, rcenmpiished. The Yankees and the Sou erners are the very best friends in the wor Thtey have becone perfectly reconciled to. ha bits9, t he enst ain ,. and the inst-.t ut tons, even to the tas:es of each other; and nortit has heroeno more common than fgor the fro icy tmen of the North to le-thawed and *mel in the cordial embraces of fair Southern wom or foir the rigid daughters of the Granite nnd I Porit-n States to become softened.'"mubdued nt entirelv led e:'ptive ay they gallant addresses at the graceful attractions of the Southern Ch airs'. 1 Hiut let me limit my remarks to a nairroW bundary, and contine my discussion to nor particiar enterprise, and to the expedience a imepormenee of constructing the Savunnah RiY' Valley Rail Road. In the first place then, it will participa though in a less oiseriable degree, of tho general advantages, I have been endeavorng represent. It will it nile our people, bring o neighbors and our marrkets nearer to our no and will promote the intelligence, the goo manners, and the wealth of .this section of t District and Sthle. - :~ This proposition requires no labored or fli fetched argmeoint to demonstrate and etstalili it. e'peei..lly so far :s regards the increase s ply or the wealth of this section. Advert on1 r'or at noment, to the '.vonderful and highly be lii.dl eiliets of the Greenville and Columbia J .to:i alrealy produc d on the "hole contignte. countrv. That ardueus enterprise, which, Co 5 iderii'' the diflieulties at eteng its initiaitiO ils progress, and it-s completion, reflects th highest honor upon its friends and Stockholder anrd pertictlarly upon its first great Presiden the Hon. Jois BELTO O'NEAL, who, notwit standing the willfulness ascribed to his mihd,i a mm, I anm ready to believe, endowe:d with th hi'hest and most generous qualities of the heat :nd eunderstanding, is a noble ornament to Soot. Carolina and her .ludi.-iarv. and an ornament t heunan natture itself. I will not stop to.detai the obstecles he encountered in the accompliFt ment of his exalled purpose, and the almost st4 perhman exertions he put forth (exertions wor-: thy of the energy of a Napoleon himself.) iik? censirnetinr and finishing one of the first Roedr in its- imlporrmiee to Commerce, now in t Sosuth. Let its fruits recommend it, and let t increased prices of the lands in its vicinity, along its track from Greenville, throtngrb Ab Mt;4,-Ldren,,-9, Edg Nttrry' weelts$r-, land, even to Columbia, and let the Villages, lIonri-hing with trade rnd prsosperity., which have sprung up on its sides, and which nark its course from ih 0mountains to the Capital of the State, speak its panegyric, and stimulate and encourage us in the worthy, and a.:cording to our trength, prodilions aehicvemient we are this .:ay con te:nplatiirg and b.ginning. Vhy, the rise in the venhw* of the 'ilnds on that Rond alone have al most been snifictit to remunerate the Stock holders. who live near it, for the money they have expended in that, in some respects, unfor tnnate enterprise, though its cost, from the visi tations of Gild, have been contessed!y enor moos and oppressive. I refer vou to the Greenville Road. becatse v"n know'the people who reside about it, and iihont effort, enn form an estimate of the value of sich enterprises to land holders. You have iserv.d that the land- in that quarter, have risetn at least or near lifry per cent, since the Rtend was fir.<t surveyed. It is reasonable, there fsre, thit we should conclude, that the efe't here wil be precisely similar. The same causes, utder the same cireumstanees, by an unalterable lawv of nature, are obliged to produeelike re stilts all over the world. The newspacpers frone Maine to Texais arte full of facts. which are not oly astonnding, bnt whmeb wvould1 be absolute iv jicdible', if their atnth-nlicity were not be. yeind qnestion, and were established not by our ~on~ n personial ciercvatioin, pros ing that R. R oades. double thce price of Iland sieiated near 'them, in all paerts of the .country, in is old States as Pen nsvl vania, New York and Massachutsetts, aiid almost triple aend quaidrnple it in our more WVesten anid Sonthiern States. Nor, to toy tmid, is there anything strange or. inceiniistenit in this resuilt. It is well known to eery mna;n ofC observatinir, that nothcing so im proves the vaue eel property, and especially real. propertv, as facinlitie setf trade and commerce. And wheat greater facilities of the kind can there he., than eodee Rtondas in other words, the hind thart predntee's tihe Cetton or other e'rop, that caln e sent to the manrket easicst, sooneCst, neid with the least. expencle, mnst be the most sought necr,. anid mutst therefor'e c'ommand the best pics. It improves the 'aite set even the pro duictlin itsself, for us to be enabled to ship it tse itarket wvith the most speed, and with the least cost aend tronble. Their are lainds in the WVest, that are nrow only bringing Governmenit rates, which ita their richness ard in the ahtindance of their preodneee would shanme thle world-ren owned vlleey of t'h le Nile; aned thme only cause tof thin woderful fact is, that thiase latids are too fur removcied fromt riny conivenirent highwaiy, nd their freits canniot be'cotnveyed to a respectable mar ket. I allow, for argumeintat on, that thie Stoekhiol ders ofl lie Savrennah Rored mary incur lthe ri-k ef receivio ninemll dividceds, aced even of' losinig on the.Steockitself. But then,lam bold to sny, that if they h-se in onie I and, they will gain in he~ othier, aind that, if they should ainnuallv re eive less thn seven per c ent on their Stock, they1 will he amply competisated for that loss, in t'he enihianced veilte of their lando, consegnlent. hV of' their slarves, con~sequecntly of their Cattle, 'nd conisequetntly of all: their property of every desriptionm, aned'of all the productions of that Let nie marke this point is clear as light iteelf. Whsen yeeu shall heave completed your Reead to this spoet, you caln hear froim Charleston by break' fst int the muorning, of the rise, of Cotton ini Lndon or Liverpool, -w~iich intelligence was~ brought biy lthe Steamer, which just that. morn' ig eiiterd the Port, and before the manrtle of niirhit. shall. have obscured your paper and wn p d youir w'riting materis in darkness, you w ill have taiken advantage of -the Market, andi signede :and sealed with a Merc'hant in Chaer lestonm, a contraet for the nele of your Cotton, an etn. toy perfected the beargain, by the delive ry of your crop in thme City Warehouse of the purhser. As the matter now is, with the greatest possible diligence, you cannot cotrive your Cotton toe the niarket short of five or six dyse, aned ra seeond Ste.mer most usually nip. your ~.--'. -- ne'osiiects in the bitd, thwartei the nde~ t t' - nd themost exultantly, with. the ex peck nof being liberally'and- generously _r t~e24or; : year of dreadful toil. In your r. vions of wealth give place to hard fa "bailiffs, remorseless dunning creditors, ,tm ur abused conception, merciless plan tg torneys. It -is-ineonceivable gentler] Siiihatradvatnges your Rondwduld aford! Uniply in the respect of -whichi have just. r iffd. I am sure, that-a skilful use of' the tions of the.Mnrket, which. would, thus ed'tp every one of ybu, at thisdistance our ea, would ton- tiics. more than corn it; you for all the risk;and-all the losses trian reasonably or possibly sustain by sub *nuga few -thousand dollars to this 'nobl prbvement, which is designed to adorn as. wel 'C enrich one of the oldest and first .ettled nations. of South Carolina, and a section, I re say inhabitedannd blesed by as high spirit and elivalrous a population, its ever tugged b he bosom.of mother earth for the nourish t'she yields, or boldly pryed into thatsnered t*es fur the. inestimable gems she there con ~b~is .ani a section of. South Carolina, which nor ed and sustaiied those. rude old watri of e.3Ievblution, whose names are as famillfr in ptifs as household words-a fas' of un uhtid- fiaoes,. who, almost :by'their single u i' ejit th spirit of resistance alive in isjpartrof the Palmetto State,. when itas fires 'jera Iianning ftst, and .hid.-already ceased to trtriind. breathe in the bosom of itsmnost dis atimgmighedl chaimpions at -the .Sotith-a section tia-boasts the-birth-plaice of.JowN C. CALIwoU, of: LAwGcooN CHEYES, and, of spot her illustrious a*;, who -Is won the rare distinction of being ,the. most renowned -Jurist of the Southern country, nnd who, of himself, has made the pro -ession and-the practice of the law, hiioi-ed-and .ionorable in South Carolina-n section. .ifinite ly the -mostenlightened ofthc State, and abound= Jn in greater.rsources for every lindable, ani 1btious and stnpendous undertaking, than any other-cn'n such a section not plan and execute uch a projef, as Gas become as comimon in the r-i:-dSuie ,its it was formerly commmn, to clear a public' highwny? Meriful Heavens! therormust be a great degeneracyin this people ! A few'. years ago, and they were equal to shy euterprise apd the more dilicult of aecomplist merit it was, the more eager they were to as liinea the burden of the&undertaking. They were tfen, the first in-war as they were the first in peace, and the first in the State, in all the qualities ennobling to- man. Are they contenp tible laggnrds now ? The wealth. not tmention Ihe intelligence of thi part-of Abbeville and Edgefeld, of itself, boalito constitute" a sure guarrinty for the wnceess of this Rail Ronad. .The Cotton alone prodiuced in the Savannah Valley will be nearly sufficient to employ: an ordinary 'Rail Road, without produce, or custom, or travel (or.freight of any kind from.anv other quirter. . Consider; what an immense yield of our great. staple is annually raised here. and in the, Flat-words of .Abbeville District ? I aim alost iafe in asserting 'itis equal to that-of the whole of the balance ? of the twn Pistricts. And it is ~no small natter rmyfrirda, r afflidrithf ; f ~lMTh to and from .lr. Donris ilangane-e and Gold Mines. I mat remark, with no desire to flatter :t single individual, who certainly h1s personal merits, as well as fortune to commend him, that | if these .lines should continue for a few vears. as freely and fully to rep-ty the labor anil the eten-ive operations of their owner,4ts they have now begun to do. they themselves, from the great. influx of bu-iness thirv will attraet, will field an income to the Rail Road, by no means to be contemned or disregarded. When in addition to all the reasons I have urged, the great ronte to the Misissippi, eon templated in the B!ae Ride or Rabun Gap Rail Road shall have been fairly commenced, this bantling of ons, whieh is now hardly struggling to he born, will offer one of the best prospects for the investment of eapital that h:s been af forded to the money-holders of the State, for a quarter of a century. It will be an .inexhau-ti lble mine of wealth fsr exceding the richness of IaLLY Donx's, not alone to its S:ockholler-, but to every citizen and settler within its reach, or within reach of its fructifying inflauence. A stream of riches froam the Great Valley of the ississippi and its noble trihutaries, will flow~ through it, like a running River, (iverfiowing is banks, depositing its treasure all the way, and enriching, nonurishaing, mnkinag alive, anid eaustig to grow and flourish, with a teal and permianent prosperity, the whole animal kingdom on its c-urse, of fowl and beast as well as man ;-as the mighty Father of Waters on boath sides his channel, hats neumulated untold fertility, trea sure and riches, gladdetned and made to smile, the whole earth around, and bedee-Ied his banks with thae guorgeons drapery of shrinh, flowver and tree, sprtngting forth with gl oriouas l uxu riance,. and each appairintly surpassitng itself. and stin ving to out do the works of natture, ii its rapid rowth, its inimi;:able perfection and loveliness. nd its inconiceivaible symimetryv, grandeur and beauty of stature. Picture to yourselves the tens of thousands of horses, hangs, and cattle of every kind, together with thme grain and the pro visions ot all descriptions, that will roll into the bosom of our State, in seireh of our Markets and otar great Senport town, not only to the stnstenance of otar people, but to the inecalcula ble profit. of thte bilders and ownters of the road, and of every enterpri.,ing mtan ini the State, who may have the resolution andr saugacity to seize the advantages thus piroftisely senttered in his way! It as w..eak and silly for our opiponents to say, that we enn be depirived of the carrying of the Western trade, or of its oilier generni conse quential benefits, either by the Greenville Road, or anay other Road, that may be pirojueted anad built, either in opposition to, er ini coampetition with uas. I honor the bunilders of the Greenville atd Columbia Rail Road. They hiave aneom plishied their w..ork w.'ith infinite labor, and unader ,sieles and- burthiens which wvould have dee paired and deterred an)- other mean. They no'.w enjoy the profits or an underinking they mnty justly boost off; butt I mnai still ainatain that their Road can nev.er c-ome iin saaeceussful comipe tioan with otirs, in bearinig the trade and coam meree of the West, from the terminns of the reat manin route to flh- nmetropolis of the State. Oturs will be a shorter Road, anal, as we.' y.et have the survev-ing and bu ilding of it. we w.ill take care to make it a safir aind better Road, as sure as the labor anid ingenauity aind money of mannn effect so match. IBesides, the excelent Road to be brought ini competition wit h us, has already nearly gnite as mtuch freight. nel ! ravel as it cnn contveniently carry. I do - not argtie aginst the success'of. that Road,-I pray' for its prosperity. anid glory- in its tritamphs, nnd I con tend that it has already suceer-ded. Bunt manay aad potent reasons, permit me to -aver, Gentle mleni, intervente to prevetnt it from w..orkmng mnjat ry to our darling pride, evean if the fanmous I-~ RAMI HUTCIIENsoN does stand its god-father. The Savannah River Valley Road lies along the old and the natural diree-tion of travel, the routethat the West has trod-from its earliest settlement to this day, and that, circumstane alone, would he ditlicult to be over-come,.by a competitor. It ruins alonir tlie borders of two - --'a eapidly grow.ing States of much w.ealth; an or a. tnriving populaton, -wnur.. u-iun' towns are daily leaping into existende. -Beside all-.this;- And I.ides athe curse.-of-'that'wat liver, which ha's'hitherto carried mich of -ut trade, and towards which our most .accessible highways, a' a jut consequence, hnave been made to incline and appreach, we'lmve another and a weightier reason for~ the preferenee we maintain for our Road, which, if it does not point to the enbatacement oi=the 'divideo:dt- of our stock holders, does have a regard fur the weel.h and prosperity of our people. -.f the inidrests of the City of Ebaresfon conflictyit'i'le interest of the people of the State. or of:the. Stnte.at arge,.asa patridt,.Miill sustain'and uphold tie interestsorf" the people; for of one of them, mati I, and their welfare is more to be sought.and fos tered, than the glitier and opulence of any city, however refined and hospitable-that city many. I feel a sense of pride at the fair fame, the'eI& giance and the splendor of our honored metropo lhs, and I would do.any legitimate act to advanen ind to he"ighten. its .prosperity and gloy ;'he. use, it has always done great -service to the State, and becanse foreigners and striangers judge of our vhole people, y the.standard of the diti tens of Charleston. -But .Cbarlestoir cannot eomplaii, if we .pursue oo .tereili i etfieirgencics like this. Shes - h good thingsi, and been amp ewad eo t ikdelity to theSiate. In, truth, she' is.e13. what iE wtSti e XIV, had'the: arroganee 'to'style himself. Slie exercises the-vis:diseretion and tore-east oftnlways se ndinig her most intelligent Fnd eloquent men to the Legislature, )upd by ihat metme, she rules triumphantly, the whole Atsembly 'ad State; whilst the people-ofthe rest-of the State; and of the Up-country particu larly, are changing their representatives so often, that one of them scarcely tearns his A B C's .in matters of Legsl~ation, beforebe is ousted of his seat, by a man, perchance, who barely knows his A B C's in WEBSTER'S spelling book. lnt of this 1 shall say no more. .J prefer the rout-of the Savannah River Rail Road, because it will :itThrd to frmers a greater competition in the markets, than any other route or direction that could possibly 'be suggested. We have llamburg, Augusta, Siivumah, and Charlesten, .d even Columbia, if we desire it, all courting Dur patronage. And the man, conse juently, who freights his Cotton on our noble Rail Road, has the choice of five trading towns, which, to men r,f thought and experience,.is a matter of the ost lively concern. It is these five towns.and the direction also of our Road, to which, in spite rf all paper tieories, the travel of the great West will tend. The truth is, gentlemen, we are now beginning a Road, which, with its branches, is to xend toevery important trading .or seaport town.in the South ; .and if I have mastered this subject as tliorouglity as I have studied it,. I will venture a predietionto-day,-ntiithstaiin all the darts-ofjeilousy and thepajieblo'lTh4l mav be fred iu our midst.- It isthafygti.jrve nily one ting feattin- your .'woiihj and ell leserviug enter ris; a fa ilre tecomupleter tie Roiid, . The Qiqaidity, tte indifli.rence,. the di.4 tru t.a tte nW-timed.ecp ofLour peQ p1 dietm so'tig~htly agnuist____y,'_f_ _ ternil.ikitr~~ft'i;at~"t fi'"lii" .alls of sordid lucre, that little less than a re ;en r ition of their souls, or a revolution, of na ture can burst the locks astnder and rouse their liearts to a manly participation, in the generous +rife that nu.w animates and distinguishes the whole North and South. In conclusion, gentlemen, the remark is forced Prom ue, that the friends and advocates of the Savannah River Valley Rail Road have been renerally treated with more distinctly marked ;tid peenliar unkindness, than any body of men, I have ever known, while engaged in the aeconi lishment of a just, honorable and praiseworthy enterprise, while struggling for the promotion at the arts of indnitrv, and while bandeI to ether in the advancement of the prosperty. 6veal:b and improvement of their countrv. If we deem it advisable to risk our eapital in the furtherance of an object dear to our hearts, and which we have judged, in addition to our other reasons for its support, to be conducive to our individual wealth and happiness, without milita ting against the interests, or the honor of any other man or class of men, why shall we be made the mark, fair every uninterested, idle. 0r muaicious person, to egeploy the leisure of Ih pen upon, or to spit his rakling veanom at. Wet have opposed the favorite projects atnd plans of no one, we have trodden upon the privileges of no unoflenditig tman alive, but simply and tihnm bly adopted a plan of cotndaict, which is pneific in its cbaraeter, eantirely friendly to alt, and so fari as we have been instruicted by our reasoni and observation, is conflicting either with the teunpo ral or spiritual prospects of no man on earth. Still we are snapp d at, batrked at, abused, tind publicly attempted to be ridiculed, not only by - Tray, Blanch and Sweetheart," and the other little dogA, bitt by the big dogs and all. New-. founadlaand, Mlastiff and Cur, Bull, Teazer, and Ten'ergfle, an~d the whole pack aind kennel, of im ported and native breeds, let loose at once te worry, insult and snarl at us. Shall honorible men,~at this daty, re-cnnet towards us the fablle o1 the dog and thme manger, " which would neithie at the hay, nor suffer the ox to eat it I" I know, fellow-eitizeans, that other portions o1 Edgetield tand Abbeville stand much in need o a Rail Road, aand would be benefited to ani egntal if not a greater extent by one, thata we wvilh he But in the name of kind Heaven ! are we to toka our arms and stand still,nand do tnothiing in thi tge of lightning progress, because, forsootlm there is a better loeti on for a portion or con tiniiation of the magnificent Western or Rabut Gap Rail Road, amongst a people who have no yet becoame aronsed and waked up to the grea achievmnat on foot; or who from iandolence avarice, or weakness. sit down and cry out to the mighty Benevolent Spirit. that is passing by conie hither, Kind One, and grant us a blessing answer our prayer, instead or going to meet hin on the way, and wrestling like men for the prize and of enjoying a richer reward of victory, foi the pain and labor bestowed in achieving it ! The rest (of the District have no right to com plain, if the rich stake should be swept from 'ter hands, uniess they had put forth the proper oi forts to win the crown. The people who havy subscribed the stock, atnd secured the charter. by the risk of their money, are the people entitle' to have the road locat'ed for their convenience The reason why I have dared to defend the Savannah River Valley Rail Road,.why I not advocaite and mraintauin it, and why I have ex tended and shalt continue to extend to it, i: tmost hearty sympathies and try pecuniary assi? taance, i.', tliat its friends have acted whilst other have speculated, and that they htave put to th hazard. their-fortunes, to attain a .high purposi whilst others have built castles in the air, an impudently and insolently, as well as impotentl; boastal of their ability to pierform wonders, whilt their cowardly avarice and niggardly paimfonl have unnerved their hearts, and snliered thm most precious opportunities ever atforded t meat, of benelitting themselves, their estates at coutry, to pass by wholly unenjoyed and. unin proved. A mong~ other attempts to discourage us In 01l good design, the costsfand extaenues,and difieu ties of the workf, have been vistly exnggerntei Eyery 'great ehievment 'is anduous, . and or minds are.pmlepare~d for the labosand thre- riskt ba incurre .in our. own. There tvnnld be 11 -tiarvestawitnout mo.usua:-a4.uwwele -.-.&'. andcold: and of itor ratidsainsIglfe,.andsq r is no glory acquired witliout the, ual4;m of-p.gn, toil and danger. -Hethat wouldi.oehieve wealth and fame, mut despise his petson 4d . and security, and set'hs fe firmly apd fis fefi '1 - ; ingly to the edge of -filrd adveist, ', Weali sharpen our crow bys and pick4ieif'nee ,r" even toy cnt . through, mutitans.of' s. The like has been done bel'oro, Lin r A-a 7 honor have'crog ned the performance.. Wlip ever heard of ~aRail R'afifihnit ef A'y' r not ood upotre cowitryvf h. 'fi -one's beingabandoned i fsgi o ,flo is.tlye herald and 1arbinit i where.. ktrain of Ste ,t.f a the very imbodintenth t 9 the genius, the irit and the 'o ea4J age. The valu .f Ibfl 'Rods . osfnb1i every .where, ly te iidsa haiofit MiYet rproved idemtestiblgiffoineitPiirosto, - munity has beenkoon tt}3 ioe it has once een brdught England, they have osj qrs r) u and dollars per diae, ind yet esvaI and ti eto k-hold i. NTii our Noth er.States'.pL' mile .syi e frdn about.t venty-fve to fifrv timuid: e $ at unore, and vethenat-temno l'oai: ti -JIeEw are'borrowiii fmi4; 'ill oiver-d ie wocj;.d -t - 'buld' then, and tie eapilali sta of thalttrit ir 1 regoln, are proeybially,;ind iaersniist. ei'trt p. "Sr invest thir surplus casir in..ilRnad: .5..- - - the divisi g-of the."New Orlae n 3ikt J Itid and Great Nortbei' Rail Road"'etendirr io tn~ j' ton, ississlppi, isstimated,.by itskidifkiffi engilier, Mr JAIs.ETK,...-coska th LLJe of twent -six thousan4 three..untd iI,4lAra' mileatid 'yet,.strange o , .;t} ittieoj aors stockholders havethe sngine expttit. realuiini the enormous-profits. r iulA eetj; clear incomegon this, itsN tt9tad' of.cbnstruition. .'- :: , Otir Savntinah RiverValfyRail-iU itwi17: .a..' ,tend ei h'ty.five miles throu'h .the a th ins ' and old ~pportion-oghe State, nnd41s e niyi sal esimatebafthe- work is bt fiftc ion'n d,4i dollairs pet mie, o'r, in round num-berg, gbh and one-third .iillion of dollira,for the' - distance. If lher,.with all the manifold -nd~raia. r ous advaliftges we have, from the locatiot q the road. from t:-'' cheapnes of the work, efr-.o tlie- failije't and'. competition of the m:irket,-: frothlie vast inducements for carrying thWesfji ern'trade 'and travel, and, to-crown n1 ,.from ts bounty of natu:e and of benignant Henav'n,-wo - honld fill. to prosecute our lnbors to .Asucee4' ful termination,shoiuld from ean )el'lin ' E - sickly effeminncy, aiandoni e ,pierpr F ', .we will, fromj oui want' qfen'eg _ t rg and m inhnesthus :flgibly aebigiblted ,u t ; anye tinteptopproimn, and deserv? anfiot. ' - deg edinferiority, that auf heaped npon us: - .JOSEPH ABNEY. --; E. TABEE. Wi extract the following correspondent fcpetie Chaileston MerA rv'. -The letter to ,.Ik Taber is signed by a arge number o. Mr. W . Tancu,jr. The undersigned, representing a large body of your fellow.citizoens, fel it due to you as a man and a citizen, that they sluld express their disapprobation of the recent occurrences vhich have taken place in this city and elsewhere, by which you have been, in your own emphatic language, " prejndged, nijndged and condemned without a hearing ." In any circiimstanees, the.scenes..enacted against you ought to meet with condemna- - tion ; but that you should be pursued with - - hostile feelings originating in entire misap prehension, withont any real cause whatevere and when you sought no more than an op portutnity -which, in - common ,justice 'and, fairness, ought to be allowed you,.of .vindi cating yourself from the charge ohf ntertain. - ing and uttering the sentime .ts attributed t . von, is to be subjected .to a persecution - which is as unrelenting as it i'.cruel.' We are gratified to finid that your Address vindi. caites you compltel', as wiell from the tem per anud spirit as the langvuage id the pur port of those opinions which have been as cribed to you. i snti oe We regret that iti o u ndr pwrt repair, in a greater degree, the un-ongavhich you have sull'ered ; but we hasten-to do you this act of simple justice: to tender the ex pressionl of our opinioii, at a publie.meetid of citizens to be called for that purpose Charleston, Jan. 13,. 1854. GENTLF.ENY: Your note of this date, ten - dering me." dhe expression of your opiidion - at a public meeting to he enlled, for that pur Fpose," hias just been'received. Any menition of my deep gratitude to you . is needless -on. - this ocasion,as y'ou can well :ippreciate the ' feings likely to'he excited by such a de monstration,'in the bosomi of 'one whwhar passed so recently thiroughi the :ordeal allu ded to by you. Your kiind action. has justi fled the assurance which aeeompaied ime through this whole m'atter ; for-I have inever ceased to believe that the return of justice woul quickly succeed the outponriigs oh misaippresioni and hasty jedgment. As .to the p~ubiic meeting, 1 beg leaive respetlully to decline it. TVhe. public have reailly had41 ,enough of mo and my address, and my~ juddg ,ment conicurs with my inclination in con- -. tenting myself with-warmly thanking'.you -- for your timely kinidness, -and leaving 1ho-0 rwhole matter to the verdict of a calm-pub lie opinion. Yours respectfully, War. R. T AtEuR Jr, To Messrs. P. C. Gaillaird, Robert N. (Gour. din, A. M. Manigault, rTos. Middleton, and others. .. . TNrO1-rArT -ro Soaiinonr.-.Th$ follw -~ ing call for iformation wve clip from the Greenville Mountaineer: - - - - IPedigree.-The publlishiers -of papers rthroughout the Stite will obliae the editot - of the Mountaineen by calling attention-Jo * the following:..* - eIf the heirs of William Sawyer and Chas. SM. Sawyers, wh'o left l'nglanid some time - libetwe 1770 and 1776, and settled in South t: Carolina, will call on Joseph evoell, &; - , of Greenville, So'uth Carolik, they e learn that they are entitled to a large estt~ in money, which .has been deposited in the~ dBank of England for niany- eSs. -It is.in-.' claimed. TIheir fatber's name (was Wil~tain. r Savyors. 'Their mother's Haimah H~urst or . H Inst.. KENTrCKY SE.NATOX--:-IIou.J,~t o tendlen has been elected Unitedl-t~s&i