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" We will cling to Ihe Pillars o f the Temple of our Libertia must fall, te will Perish amidst the Ruins. -- a ...-..m --------..------ .-.-- . - --- = -.-=..--= -.-----. - -- - - -- U.. . D~Lt1.IE XIII. Utl.IStiED EVERY WEDNE.SDAY BY WM. F. DUR ISOE. EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. NIEIP TERM.1 Ti'o Dor.LARs and FIF1' CENTS. per annnt ifpatd int advance --$3 i fnot paid Withuisix mtlon:s froml the date or subscripti.n. llnd $1 if not paid before the expir.ation of the year. All -tbscriptions will lie contiuned, unless otherwir,e ordered before the expira tion of the year: bit no paper will be dis continued until all arrearaees are paid. un less at the option of the Publisher. Any person procuring five responsible Sub scribers, shall receive the paper for one year, gratis. AovErtssMETS consplenonstylnsertedat75 aen, per square. (12 lines, or less.) for the tiretinsertion. and 371 for each continnance. Those published monthly or quartetrly. will be charae l $1 per square. Advertisements not having the number of insertions mtrked On them, will bR continued uutil ordered out and charged accordingly. Connunications. post paid, will be prompt ly and strictly attended to. Mr. Calhoun's Speech on THE OREGON BILL. U. S. Senate. Tuesday, June 27th, 1817. [coNCLU ED.) I have now shown. I trust, beyond eou. troversy, that Congress has no power whatever to exclude the citizens of the Southern States from emigrating with their properly into the territories of the United States, or to give an exclusive mo nopoly of them to the North. I now pro pose to go one step farther, and show that neither the inhabitants of the territories nor their legislatures have any such right. A very few words will be suflicient for the purpose; for of all the positions evet ta ken, I hold tbaj which claims the power for them to be the most absurd. If the territories belong to the United S:ates-if the ownership, doutiioh and sovereignty over them be in the States of ihis Union, then neither the iubabitants of the territo ties, nor their legislatures, can exercise anty power but wbat is subordinate to them; but it' the cootrary could he shown, i bich I hold to be impossible, it would he sub ject to all the restrictions to which I have shown the power of Congress is and fort the same reasont, whatever power .they migh: hold, would in the case supposed be subordinate to the constitution, and con. trolled by the nature and oharacter of our t . ,Political iustitutiunas. Bunt if the over the tetrlttiries be in their inh.tbiianls, instead of ti.e United States, they would intdeed, in that cas., have the exclusive and absolute power of governing them and might exclude whom they pieased and ws hat they pleased. l;ot in that case they would cease to he the territories of the United States, the mtomernt we acquired thes and permit them to he inhait-d The first half dozen of squatters would become the sovereigns, with full dontin ion and sovereigtty over thrmn; and the full donini n and sovereignty.of the coun try as soon as they become the territory of the United States, vested wi;h the full ti,ht of excluding their conquerors. There is no escaping from this alternative, but hv resorting to the greatest of all absur.li ties, that of a divided sovereignty-a sove reignty, a part of which would reside in the United States, and a part in the tuba bitants of the territory. Huw can sove reignty-the tiltitnate anJ supreme power of a State-be d'vided1 The exescise of the power of sovereignty muy he divided, but how can there he two supreme powers? We arc next told that the laws of Mex ico preclude slavery; and assumitg that they will remain in force until repealed. it is contended, that until Cuniess passesI an act for their repeal, the citizens of- the South cannot emigrate will their piropier ty inrto the territory acquired from her. I admtit that the laws of Alexico ptrohibit tnot slavery, but slavery in tihe form it exists -with us. The Puros are as munch slaves as our negroes- andI are less intelligent and well tre:ited. Bunt I denmy that the laws of Mlexico cart have the effect attri buted to them. As siotn as the treaty be twveen the two countries is ratified, the sovereignty anrd authority of Mexico itn the territory acquired.by it becomes extinct. rand thtat of the United States is substitu ted in its place, carrying with it the Con -- titution, itht its overriden contrtol over all thre lairs and iustitutionts of Mlexico in. cornsistent with it. It is true, the miumn r panl laws of the territory not incornsistent with the conditin and the naiturre of our political system tnould,. acorditng to tIre wvriters ott the laws of ntionirs, reinain on til changed, niot as a ma;t tetr ol right, bum mernaely of sirfferance, arnd as between the inhtabitanits of te-rritory, itt order to avoid a state of attarchiy, before thny cart he brought utader ouir law '. This is the ut most limit to wrhich sulTerance got-s. Utn der it, the peon syst, mt' would cottnmu but not to the exclusion ol. sucht of our ci zents as may choose to emitgrate witht the-i 'slaves or other property. that may hte ex cluded by the laws of Alexico. '1he ho mnane prouvisions of the hkws of nattiots gi to farther thatn to protect the wtthbitant: itt their property and civil rights, 'ride ieir former laws, until others cat be sub atituted. TPo extend1 them forrlher, ani give thetm thme force ofexcluding emsiuratt fruom the Utnited Staies, because their prn p)ertv and religiotn are souch its tire prn hribit'd from being itroduced by the lawt of Mexico, would not only ex-lude a grer mnajortly of the people of thu Uitted State frm etiigratintg itnto the acquiired territe -ry, lbut wotAd be to give ia lhie authtor iy to the extinict authority of M exico ovt the ,tritor ,atu nor actual atrthornty os er it. I say t he gree t majoritv, for ti la% s of lexicu not only prohiIit the it troduetiu tn of slaves. hut of many oti description of propery, also of thiie prote, tant religion, wnich Congress itself canmt prohibit. To such absurdity would th suppon.itioni lend. I have now concluded the discussion s far as relates to the powver; and have, trust. established beyond controversy, tha the territories are free and open it all cit zeus of the United States, arl there is ni power under any a"pect can he viewer in which the ciizens of the South can bt excluded from emigrating n%ith their pro perty io ally of them. I have advance no argument which I d~ not believe to bt true. nor pushed any one .beyond whal truth would strictly warrant. liut if mis taken, if my argument instead of being souud and true, as I hold theii beyond controversy to be, should turn out to be a mere mass of ophismus, al if in conse quence, the barrier opposed by the want of power, should be surmounted, there is atnother still in the way. that cnnu.tt be. The mere possession c f power is not of it self sullicient to justify its exercise. It must be in addit'rou showo, that in the given case it cau be rightfully and justly exercised. Under our system, ihe first enquiry is: does,the conait lion authorize the extent of the power? If that lie deci (led in the aflirmative, the next is: can it be rightly and justly exercised under the circumstances? And it. is not until that too is decided in the allirmarive, that the question of the expediency of exercising it is presented for consideration. Now, I put the question solemnly to the Senators from the North: Can you rightly and justly excluJe the South from territoies of The United States, and monopolize them fr yourselvos, even, if ia your opinion, you should have the power' It is this gnestion I wish to press on attention, with ill due solernniS and decorum. The North and the South stand in relation of partners a a common Union, with equal dignity &. -qual right. We of the South have coa. ribute'l our full share of funde, and shed iur full share of blood for the acquisition f our territories. Ca'n you, then, on ny princi;.la of eqpity and justice deprive if our full share in their benefit and ad. rantages? Are you ready to allirin that t majority of the partners in ajoint cotcPru tave the right to monuopiliz^ its benelits to he exclusion of the inirit . oncern ut ta present -the case nore strongly and vividly, I shall descend rom gaucrals to particulars. and shall be in with the Territory. Our title to it is ounded first, and in uty opition mainly, in our putchase of Loui6iana; that was irengthened by the Florida treaty, which ranslerred to up the title also i-f Spami, tnd both by the discovery of the mouth of Coluulia river by Capt. Gray and the xpl.ration of tho entire stream. from its nurce down to its mouth. by Lewis and Clark. The purchase of Louisiana cost irteen millio s of dollars; and we paid Spain five millions for the Florida treaty; naking twenty in all. This large sum was ;ivanced out of the common lfunds of the Uion, the South, to say the least, col tributing her full share. The discovery was made, it is true, by a citizen of Mass acltusett:; but hie sailed under the flag and protection of the Union. and of course what ever title was derived from his discovery, accrued to the benefi of the Union. The expense of the Union. We are now about to form it into a territory; the expense of governing which, while it remains so, must he muet out of the cotrrmuon fund11. and tow ards which the Sonth must cuntribute her full share. 'he exiense will not he small. Already there is an Indian war to be put don, and a regiment for that purpose and to prhotect the territory, hats been ord.tre ulere To whiat extenlt the exp)ense mtay hablly involve miiilains htelsre tihe itritoiry becomel.s a State. I niow. ask, is it ri:the is it just-li ter hatvitng contributed our ful share for the ;acqtuisitioin of the territnry withi liablility ol conitribtintg, in add it to our full sh'are af the expense horgtiverti ment,t t hatt we stholdIi bhut ount of the ier ritory. and bes excluded fraom parti:patina in its baeaeft's? Whatt would lie lh0ot such cout'uct ini tile case of~ inldividnah; And can that lie right and just in govePn mett whlicha any right mtintded man woul< crv out to be biase and disholnest in prvt life? Ii it would he so protnunlced in; partntershlip of tirity individutals. how ca it tie pronotunced otherwise in one of thlil ty St;ates? Thte cate of or,r recently acquire territory front Mexico is, if possible, tmr marked. The events connected wvith ih acquisition are two well knolwni to re.quti at lon~g narrative. It wats wonU by atrmt 11n11 a greatt sacrifice of men atnd motne: TFhe South, in the contest, perfoirmn-d he ftuli share of tmilitatry duty, and1 eairned he full share of ntahtary haonor, htas pouri out her full share of blood1 C feely, and hi aud wvill be.- Iter f.ull shma e of tile expensl has evitnced a full share Eof skill andi brav ry, and1 if I were to say evena tmore tht hecr full share olf both, 1 would tnot go ib vond tihe t ruth; to be attiribu ted, howeve il nl sutperiority, in either respect, bait accidetttal circumsitantces, which gave be its otlicers tiatd soldiers tmolre favorable o portunittes lfor its disteday. All have dl heir duty nobily, andus high coturage al galhmaatry are bult cltiiommo attriblutes of a petiple. Woauldi it lhe right anId jtust loea territoiry thus w~ona againast I -South,. atnd leave it oplet exclusively to Notha? \vould it dleserve the name r reo soil if onte hlalf al the Uniota should to polize it, when it was 1nn hv the join t" expense and1 joiui elbr~is of ,Ill? Is lit !r great law to he reversed-that which ii :- won by all should be equilly enjoye.d hb t all? These are iuestions whiclh addres: e themselves more to the heart than th, head. Feeble inust he ithe intellect whithi a does not see what is right antd just. and I bad inist he the heart. onless unconseinus t ly umder the control of dleep and abiding - . prejudice, which hesitates in pronounein; on which side they are to be found. Now I 1 put the question 10 the Senators from ilh,- Norti, what are you prepared to do? Are you prepared to prostrate the harriers I of thie constittltin. and in open defiance of the dictate of equality and justice, to ex clude the South from the territories and monopolize them for the N.>rth? If 0, vote against the ameiidtnent olfered by the Senator fomu Mississippi. [Mr. Davis] ind if that should fail, vote a2ainst strik mng out the I2th section. We shall then know what to expect. If not, place us on soei ground where we con stand as eqiils in rights and dignity, and where we shall not be excluded front wh:tt has been acquired at the courtmon expense, and won b. coinmon skill and gallantry. All we dmnoud is to stand on the %ai;e level with yourselves. and to participate etlally in what belongs to all. Less we catnot take. I turn now to my friends of the Sontth, and ask, what are you prepared todu? If neitter the barriers o,f ie constiiotiont nor the high serse of right and justice should prove suliicient to protect you are ytou prepared to sink down in u state of ac knowledged inferiority; to be stripped of your diignity of equals among equals. and be deprived of your eguality of rights in this federal partnership of States ? If so, you are wofully dezeoerated from your sires, and will deserve to chauge condition with your slaves:; but if not, prepare to meet the issue. The time is at hand, if the cliestiftn should not he speedily sett ledI. when the South must rise up, and bravely defend herself, or sink down into base and acknowledged inferiority ; and it is he. cause I clearly perceive that iti. period is favorable for cettling it, if it is ever to he settled, that -- - question now have any de?. either party it. tial eleciion. and intensey ger caused bf t must he blind u a power in ac' the ties that they are, ut . tied.' No- - your eye=. , u,, a1u mu'N t wout is going on there ; reflect on the tendency of events for the last three years in referenc:e to this the most vital of all questions, alid you mtust see that no time should be lost. I am thus brought to question, []ow canI the question he settled ! It Cali, in my optiton, he finally and permateutly ad justed but one way, and that is on thte principles of justice and the coutitton. I Fear not to leave it to them. The lIss you do the heiter. If the North atnd Sunu cauot sand together on their broad and solid foundation, there is none other on which they can. If the obligations of jus,ice and the constitution be tio feleble to couitt;tud the respect of the North. how can the South expert that she will regar. the far more feeble obiig;tions of an act of Congress ! Nor should tie NortI fear, that, by leaving it where jusTice and the coustitution leave it, she would he exelod ed from tier full share of the territories. 1 t my opnion, if it he left there, cliioate, soil, am; o:her circutstances would fix the line, b,etweeu the slavehoulding and niott slavehiolding Sinlies in nhtout 3G 30J. It maisy zi,tzug a little, to accontinodate itself to circumstrnces-3omneiiimes pasn tai thle Norir th an at tithers passin~g to Ithe douth o)f it; but that would mttater little, utnd wtuld be tmore sallisfactory to all, and tend less to altenatiot het ween~ the two great se'ciions ttan a rigid, straiighlt, artill ei;tl line, prescribed tiy anoact of Goul gress. Arid here let mec say to tile Senattors frotm the NoahI, ytiu mal;ke at greal tmitstatke in supposiaig that the porliotn whicht mtighat efall to the South of whatever line mig ht be drawo, if left toi soil and climtate, aand actrcumlstatnces to deterin, w' ould be closed to the white badior of the North, beeuuse it could tnot .a.igle with slave N -bor withtiut degradation. The fact is tnot so. T1here is nio part of the world where e agticultural, tmechan"ical, and other ide Sscriptionls iif labior sire tmorir respected than in the South, with she exception o.f two descripttous oif empasloymnent-lhat of tce m;nal anud body .seryants. No Southern rman--not she poorest at the lowest--will, adunder anty circumstance, su bmit to pierformt cetther of them. He hais too much pride foLir that. andi I rej'lice that he has. Thtty are usuied to the spirit of a freeman, Sri ut the lman who would.s'purn thett feel r tnt the leust degradationi to work in thie r.Isame field with his slave, iir ta be emloiy edt wr ithi them in the samte field ilor tn atny tmechatical operationi ; andI w hen so employed, they claint thle right isad are odmnitted, in the country ptirttoi idof thme SoothI, of slitig at the t.able or their eitployers. Catn as tmuch, ont ti ascore of eqauiliy, he said for thte Nirthl lie \Vith us the two great dtvisions of societ he are nut the rich and pioor, butt white a cif blasck; and all the former, the poor as we be as the rich. belotng to the upper class, ar to. iare respected and treated as equals, t hones industrious ; and hpuce have positioli" pride of character of whi ncither eity nour misfortune cau d prive the Riot I~ further. and hold that justi, and tho nstitutiom are the easiest at :afest gi d on w hich the question c; ho setti egarded in relerece to parl it may be 'tled ont thrt groutnd simply I non acti 'by leaving the territories fr< and open o the emigration of sill it I world, so ~g as they continue so, all when the ecome States to adopt who ever consti tion they please, with the sir git restrict to be republican, in order- I their (dr. n into the Union. If a part cannot sa. take this brood and soli position ao successfully mnintain it, wha iother can .ttake and mniinlaimin If i cannot maltqtitn itself by an appeal to ill great pruciples of justice, the constitution and self-;ostorrment, to what oilier, suli ciently strifg to uphold them in publii opinion, caq.they appeal ? I greally mitis take the clfaracter of the people of thi Union if suCh an appeal woul not prov< successful, i either party -lo) ild lave lth, magatimity to step forward and hohdli lmake it. It would, in my opinion, be re, ceived with ;shouis of approbatio by 'thr patriotic and', intelligent in every quarter. There is a ''deep feeling prevailing the country that3 the Union and. other political institutions re in danger, which uuch a course would dispel and spread joy over the land. . New is thd time to take the step, and bring about the result so devoutly to be wished. I hiv believed from the begit ning that this as the only questioni sulfi ciently potert.o dissolve the Uu1ion. and subvelt our :s stem of government; and lthat the eoi . it was met and set'led the safer and 4-tier for all. I have never doubted but thit if permitted to progress beyond a 6$ttin 'pnint, itd settlemrent would beco'tii4.IY.-ssible, and ;tam under deep convietion th' t it is now rapidly ap. proaching it. atd that if it is ever to be averted, it must be done speedily. lit fit. teri-ug these opii tons I look to the whole. If I speak earnestly it is to save and pro !ct_..L Astdeen ae is the stake of the ries which led to it. yhis tnext chapter % I be devoted to the Missouri co npromlise. and the next to the pre.ent agitnuo,tu. Vhether there will be at,Iher beyond i' know out. It will depend oa what we Iay do. If he should possess a phil "e sphiical turn of ntind, and be disposed to look to more remote and recondite causes. tie will irace it to n proposition which origmated in a bypothetical truism, but which. nas now expressed and now understood, is the Itist filtse and dangerous of all political error. ho proposition to which I allude has become anl axioin it the uiinds of a va"t many on both sides of the Altntic, and it repcated daily frotn tongue Nn tongue, ta an estaehlishled and incontroverilble Iruith it is t hat " all tmen are lharn free and equal.'' I nm not afraid to attack error, however deeply it maisi he entrnnched or however widely extended, whenever it beromes my duty to do so, as I believe it to he on this subjert and occasion. 'Taki-1 the proposition lit# r,dlly. (it i, in that sense it is under,tohd.) Ihere is not a wnrdl of t ruthb itiit. It btegins with tiL mn aire hornt," which is ttterly unitruse .\ii sire ntot born, itnfant s aire hottn Thev .grow to be men. -\ndl couchole with';a.sert inc that they air' hor.t " free ai t.eqoal," which is not less false. They ar tnot htorn free. WVhile inlii they are itt cap:able of freede'm, being destitute siliki of the capacity of thinkin:t and acetting wit hout which there can h.e nit freced-on Biesides, they are necessarily biorn subhje. to thIeir psarenlts, and remaint so among a! people. savatge atnd civilized, until the de velopmuetnt of thieir-itellect and phy~sicn Caelves T,hy grow to all tIhe freedm 'ia which the contdition in which they wer horn .permitt, by grtlwing to he ment. No is it less false thtat themy are born "equal. They are niot so inlanOy sense in whichi catn he regardedd mid thus, nis I have as sersed, there is niotea word of truthI in th whol- propositioni, as expressedl and genea ally uderstotid. If we trace it back, we shall find th propositioni diltereerly ex pressedl in th declsarattson of indephndenice. That asseri that "all imetn are tcreatedl equatl." Th: formt oh expresston. Ihouh less dangerou is not less eironieo~ s. All mtetn re.ni created. Accordini to the Biible,ouily tw a man and a Wotnpini, ever were, andi these oneo was proipounced subordinate the other. All others have comue into tI world by being born, aind in no sense, as have shown, either free or eq-tal. B t his form of expressiont, being less auttikit o. ad populair, has given away to the pr isetnt, aii\d ttnder the aut hority of a dtoc a gaeit pot forth oil so great an occsit and leaidinig to such importatit conseqgn Y|ces. has sp.reaid far and wide; and tix 'd itself deeply in the public mind. It a lI inserted ini our declaration of indepeui il ence w ithiout any' necessity. it inade il necessary part of our justification in se1 a ratin; from the parent country. and do :- elinrig onrselves independent. Breach o e. our chartered priviles, and I:lawl.st encroachment on conr acklnowledged and : well'esiuhiished righ-s by e" parent coun td ry, were the re.d canse<, aul of themselves r i srlicient, Without res'truting fit any other, Sti justify the step Nor bad it any weigti y in constructin the governments which ;e wtern enstiut inl in the place of the q lo, e Inia I. They were formed of the old nnte. d rials and on prac'ieai and well establi<hed prnciples, horrowed lir the most part from - our own expPrience and that of the coun t try from which we sprang. y If the proposition be iraced still farther 1 hack, it will be ftu,rd to have been alop. t ted from certain writers on covernmjeut t who had araiined touch celebrity in the early settlement of these Siatea, and with whpoe writings all the prominent actors in our revolution were latniliar. Aminow these Locke awrI Sidny were prmtinent. Bttt they expr,s"ed it very dilflrently. Ar:cord'n; in their expression. --all men } in the state of nrture were free an,l egual." Fri t Ibis the othera were derived ; and it was tlhis to which I referred wleit I called it a hytmholial i n1 rlism. To ud il ersiand % by will requiru sotne exlpl,iatinn. dl.m.n fur the pilrpttse of rea;ntin;. may he regarded in three difereNitt sirres: in it state of imividuali'y; that is, living by hietnolf aptrt fro-n the r.est of his species. I"' the-social; ihar is. living in society. as sociated with o.hers of his eurnittes. And in the p->liti'tl ; that is. living uuler ;uv- I etrine-lit. We may retoi as te what wmo Id lie his rights and du'ies in either. i withnuI taking into consideration whether e he could exist in it or ntit. It is certain, < that itn the fir-i, the very sippositinl that t he lived apsrt and sep:rated from all I others would tmake hi'm free and equal. < No one in such a state conld have the r ri:,ht to comnintl or control another. i Every man would be his own master, and t might do just as lie pleased. But it is t egt-tlly cle;ar, that man caunot exist in sech a state: that he is by nature social. I itrd that society is necessary, not only to I the proper development of all his facul- b ties, rmorai and ioan--~--... --- - - - t. ... . --. r-~.... ...t. itntU tae de velnpinent of the high faculti,. mental and moral. with which he is cuduwed by his Crt'aror. Nur is the ncial state of itseilf his na tu-..1 state; li' r canl no more exiar withli overn ntGt, n- fo,ru or au her. tlhatln 11 without society...kJthe pubiical, the"n;".ilich inelndes the srelaa, t that is his nattural I a' It i, ifle one for e which his Creator formed "r uto which he is impelled irresistihly, anil rr bich tily his race can exist and all his facul tier be fully developed. Such being the case, it follows that any, the worst f.orin of governmnt, is better than anarchy; and that individual liberty, or freedotn, must he subordiinate to what. ever power may be necessary to protect socioety agiint ;'tnarchiy withtit or desertic tion fron witholnt; for fle safety and well' beit of siciety are as palratoun to inldi vidnaI liberty, as the safety anitd well-beiug of the race is to Ih11t: of individuals: and in the s:lnne protectiun the power necessa ry for the satfety of society is p"'r tm-mut to individual liberty. On the contrary, , ovrmen t hias ro right tt contol indi viduaitl liberty beyond wvhat is necessatry to thte safety and wo ell beig ot s.tc ity. Stehb is the bittndairy whlich sepauraites the1 Ipeiwer tif govetrtnmentt and1 thle libierty of' thte citizten or subject itn the pitlie tcal state, wh lich, as I have shtown, is thie nturtal stateC tf, manut-thtietonly one itt which his race cant exit.a, nn the one in whichi lie is born, lives, itnd delus. It fotlloiws from all thii that the qan tumIli If tiptower on the part ofr the gov eriimet , .tf libeerty ton thtat tof individuals, instend I of beitg egnall in aIl cases, emost aecessa .rily be very unitquial amoinuit dihferenit peto C ple, acecording teo their dihferent ctindltions. ,Fotr jutst int propo'rt itn ais a p'ole arei r rnoranit, r.tup id, debased, coirruplt, C)epod ,to viiilence. within atnd dlanger fromn wvith tout, t he power tetcessary for goveirinent to possess itt trer toi preserve soiefty aist eanarchy and desrrutction, btecomtes greater .aeld greater, and individual htherty less and less. until the lowest conditiut is e reached, when abisoltute and dlespotic power e biecomne necessary tin thle patrt of the goy Sertnmetnt, antI iendividlual libierty extintte. e 'So Irn the contraury.just as a pietple rise in the scale tif initelligtence. virtue, and pa crietlism,t anid the tmore perfectly they be comtere acqain~tede with tIhe niature of goiV ~fIertnmiet, the oends for wihich it was ogder, ed, atnd hoiw it tught to lie aelmtinistered, e d the less lie tenenrcy to vitlenuce andI Idisordir withie, andh thtnger~ ft'otm abtroad; it the power ntecesary for germntt be comties less andte less. tend indhividetal liberty greater andt greater. iastead then or all u. men having the satne right tot liberty and euality, as is claimned by those who hold thai they are all hoirn free and equal. liber * ty is the noble arnd highest reward be as stowed en. mettal andI moral development. deotmbined with favttrable circomtianues. no Iisteatd tItan ofI liberty andt etqun!ity beint a-. born with tmaa ; instead of all men and I all classe and do criptions being squally r Pntitled 10 them, they. are high prizes to le wou, and are in their most perfect state, not only the highest reward that can be bestowed ont our race, but the most difi cult to be won, and when won, the most dirheult to lie preserved. * They have been made vastly more so. by the dangerous error I have attempted to expose; that all- men are horn free and equal, as if those high qualities belonged to mani wit hnut effort to acquire them, and to all equally alika, rogardloss of their intellcctunl and moral 4:otlition. The attempt to carry tto practice this, the most dangerous of all political error, and to bestow on all, without regard to thoir fi+ness, either to acquire or taintain lib erty--that unhoutiled and individual lib erty supposed to belong to man in the-hy pothetical and misnamed state of nature, has done more to retard the cause of li erry and civilization, and is doing more a present than all other caoses combined. While it is powerful to pull down govern ments. it is still nore powerful to I-0event their construction on proper psiuciples. It is the leading cause atong those which have pla:ed Europe in its present anarchi cal condition, and which mainly stands in the way of reconstrueting good govern tnents iii the place of those which have been overthrown, threatoniang thereby the rquarier of the globe most Advanced itt protgress and civilization, with hopeless tanrchv to be followed by-military despo ian. Nor are we exempt from its disor :aiziug tflects. We now begin to expe ience the danger of admitting so g-eat an trror to have a place in the declaration of ur independence. For a long time it lay lurmant ; but on the process of time it egn to germiia:e, and produce its pois= u.uus fruits. it had strong hold on the nind of Mr. Jefferson, the author of that loucutment, which caused hinm to take an tterly false view of the subordinate rela ion of the black to the white race in the >outh, and to hold, in consequence. that be former, though utterly unqualified to ossess libierty, were as fully entitled to ith liberty and equality as the former; - 1- * tentun election. Col JOHN QUATTLEBU1. G EORG E J. SH~EM EDMUND MORRIS. SAMPSON B, MAYS, Maj. S. C. SCO'TT. LEVI R. WiLSON. l7WE nre antthorsed to annonnea DAN rI HOLLAND. Isq.. as a candidate for re (etrom-- ., ca in the Honse of Delegates. f We are authorised to announce B: . YANCEY, Esgr.. as a candidate for a eat n- Ilouse of Representatives, at he ensting ':'-.ion. March *29 ae 10 The friends of Col. R. B. BOUKt-.4ar, rtnotnce Itit as a Candidate for a seat it. Ie House of Represeutatives, at the ensu tig election, 7 ti We are authorized to announce W. A. HARRIS, Esqr.. as a candidate for a seat itl Ite House of tepresentatives, at the next elec-1 tiut. tebruary J tf- 3 - The friends of Mtj. JOHN TOMKINS an. nnunce hin as a candtdate for a seat in the l onse uf Re p)resetatives at the ensuing ehec tiont. May 3 The frienuds of Dr. JO11 N L AKE, andto'unce hitm na a Candidate lfor a seat itt the HIod-se uf Represetatives, at the enisuing election-. March 14 tf 8 UThte friends of Maj. A BR A HAM J0NE.O tnuotitre htitnas a catndidate for re-election to thte Legislntur'e. e: Tihe frienids of PETER QUATTi'L BUM,. Esqi.. atttotttee hitt as a catndidate for the Ofluice of Clerk of the Court of Comon Pleats, of this District, ot the ensnuing election .auary 14 tf 50O (07The frieads of WESLEY BODIE, Esqr.. annttonce hitt as a candidate for thes Office of ShteriV'of this District. at thec ensuing uleCtion. jatmury 14 tf 51 U The frienis of HlENRY Tr. W RIG HT. Eaqr., rttannouce him aq a candidate for the of fice oif Ordinmury of this District, at the ensttintg election, tmay 24 if 18 Notices TlHE Estate of M arshal Rt. Smith, deceased, bLeitg withotnt adinitstratin, and there forte derelict, all persons havittg papels ptertain ing to, the estate, are regniested to hand thems over to me by the earliest prtacticable time, and ali those itndebted tu the estate to tmake pay met, and those having demands to presens; themi puroperly attestedt. JOHN HILL, 0. E. D. jtnne 14 6m 21 SH ambutra Journal will please copy. Batsket and Cooper Ware. E W style French Key, Work and Travel j.ing Baskets, 18t e.Is. to $1,75. Mlarket Baskets, 374 cts.to75 ets.' Cltothes Baskets, $1,00 In $l,75 each. Cedar Pails atnd Tuis, 25 ets. upl to $2.00. Wottd Chturtts at $1.50 ets. each. Barrel Churns, a ac:a article, 'at $3,00. For -tale by Rt. S. ROBER.T4. .July 26 tf 2y