University of South Carolina Libraries
y! ,4 } }IB I :t: f + , ^" 7 rim 2 . 1: ., ., iS .. .. , f . " l1 ; e',d.ea, a -t _ _ "We will cling to the Pill1rm of the Temple.of our Liheflaeah * i 1 We wall Perish amidst tibe Dar~nu.0 1845 .n. .gfiel C ut ouae 8 t,; em0.446 L'~ H EFJrEJD: ADVELRTISEIIS - l ISUSE, PfPRIETOR. .EW TERMS. 1 a tsui al FrT? CSTS, per aninm, y da -$3 if not paid within six' ii~itb fion ihe date of subscription, and j1~ifnot-piidbet'ore the expiration of the vear;' 4tiiscriptions will be continued, tleal otherwiSe ordered .before thgexpira tion of te year; but no paper will be discon tinued unti.ill triearages are paid,.uuless at ithe opition of the Publisher. Arly,:per an prouraug live responsible Sub tr ber shitllreceive the paper for one year, " ,v3RTSCWE-TS conspicuonslyinserted at 75 gtr aqnt siaros (12 lines, or less,) for the figs iusertion, and 37 .for each contiuance. Those pitblished monthly, or quarterly, wvl be charged $1 per square. Advertisements not. hgyvng tbe number of insert ons marked 'on tliemvwtl be continued until ordered out and cliarted'accorditigly Al com-niuncations, post paid sill be prompt Slyandstrictlty uttetidedto. jNICTINS. For the Advertiser. AARTICLE U. CALORIC, is a " highly attenuated. im ponderalle and subtil form of matter, thelparticles of. which repel each other hyi:t are atiracted by other bodies." Heai, is the efect of the action of this agent, caloric. As pain is, the.result'sof the operation of irritating agents applied i to theliody,'so is heat the result of the ac tiot of the matter, caloric. 1 This agent is inherent in all bodies, r and causes them to assume the dilTerent -forms of solids, fluids, vapors, and ka-es -it is to latent caloric, that thies'b diflerent I consistencies are oi ing. and without this f agent. :ases, -apiers, and fluids. would be solidified. tmd even solids te occupy much smaller spttces;' and to) reason from anal ogaq,:rbelieve if caloric was entirely withdranri from- our' globe, it would be r so cotidensed, as to occupy the space of a, tuatstell ti' opinion is not n Id or im i aginary, thea we recollect that huidreds of glions of the gases,' or vapors, many be -condensed .y .withdrawi'g trin thein their-lie'tof conposition) into the space t of~a quart. ~. -The jnihciples'urces-of calorie, are the ;,.;st1- nechaciat and chemical action. i=diffe:rett fmtrins which caloric as 1 _ t .et '' " csibloenea, dLatent, inseusih eor i on heat. = - Free caloric, is that form of heat which I is observed-by ahe thermometer,-utd-sentse of touch. It is disengaged. very-copious ly, in the action of test +.f 41e _ditleren't forms of mattee upon each other; and in t the-ordinary process of combustion, it is 11isengaged from the atmospheae by the chemichal combination of certain mole i cules of the combustible material. with oxygen. It is also disenogaged by the ac tion of certain chemicals upon each o-li er; as the comhinatiou of sulphuric acid and water. and by friction, as in the ope- i ration of bring cannon. Tteterm specific (ea-t, is applied to the dif'erent substances to the same tempera ture. Thus, the quantity of ht at which will raise oil two degrees, will rise water only tne ; hete a quantity o1 water. at the boiling point. 212-, has twice as much I heat in it as oil at the same deg:ce-thc c specific heat of water being 1, that of Oil is 0 5. Notwithstitnding water, at 212"1 has more than twice as tmuch heat in it as c oiat 22* it cannot be detected by the thermometer, or tise setnses; in othier words, their sensible temperature is the samte. Latent caloric, is that form of heat which exists in an insensible state, itn differcntf substances. C :jg'r example, in liquifying ice, it takes ~ 1400 of heat to conivert it liio water, btt a'fter this change has taken-place, the-wa ter is of the samte tempilet'r'a a the ice previous to being melted;- untd again if this 'water is vaporized, many mo..re de grees of heat is taken to convert it into stesm;' 'andl after having attaited the1 boiling point. 212-', tnot withstatditng this ,a'por. or' steam has several degrees of heat in it -more thani hoihutg- w~ater. still the steam atnd the boiling water, are both of precisely the same temperature' This law in caloric, explains the reason wby ii is much warmer whien 'the earth's surface is frozen over, with sleet Ir sntow. than it is during a thaw. Au w maer ime diatelycon freezing, throwvs out 140 de gree'sof sensibile caloric, it mnust necessa rily-increase the temperature of' all other bodies. Ott the other baud. 'duritng a thaw, as 140. degrees of'heat is taken to liquify ice, which 140 degrees remamts intt a latent state, the temperature of other bodies must consequently he 'redneed.- a The destruction of vegetation by frost is accoumted for on the same''lirinIciple. The deliatehhloOmI--of -fruit trees may be heavily. covered with frost diuritig ther whole~night withbout injuring- thein, buit so I soon us the sun .risest he frost' immediate ly in contact with the hliom -begins 't0 elt, and -as '140'degreesiis~aken to- melt< .thfrost,.aodarge portion of tbis heat is * e fromthe'delicate germ, w hich mnust I ecessarily destroy it. .. ~'u" rEtidoration,'is a 'proceds byv Which' vha ter -and other' liquids ae*conierted 'into vaidr,'ad'd is one of the mnost important and .!genera1 eflects of -beit.' Th6inatrt of beatedellinings with'*ater, r-enders its apei~fc'rav3~less tharf'that' f the lat wmishre b'y tvhich madhit -rises aid' menrnmc thc furm Of'dofcL'.N If this wonderful process of nature were to cease, there would be no rains or dews to fertilize our fields and gardens, and the consequeuce would be that the earth would be parched, and the productions which afford us sustenance would wither and he Iestroyed. In etch a state~nf things, men and all other tribes of animated natur would in a shtrt time perish from the earth. Of such imtportance is evaporation, that David in the cxxxv Psalh and 7th verse, among many other reasons for praising the'aame of the Eternal. he men ions the fact that H He causeth the va pors to ascend from the ends of the earth, he mtaketh the lightnings for the ruin." Evaporation is also a cooling process-it is to the evaporation of the perspiration of nau and other animals, that they are ennt. sled to withstand the sultry cimate of ropical regions. It is bythe evaporation )f the perspiration that we can remain in arge ovens with impunity; heat to such i degree that leefsteak and eggs cn be :ooked by the side of us, and -oven water moilded. The radiation of caloric.-Radiant heat s that form of heat t hich is emitted from rot bodies, in all directions fr.n its sut ace. like radii, drawn fruit, the centre, to be circumference of a circle, and when bese rays impinge vp'.n oit'er suhstances, hey are either absorbed, transmilled, or effected. The theory of the conduction, reflection. nil radiation of caloric, long remained ne of the most obscure parts of chemical ntuiry, has beet elevated by the tesearch s of L~elie, Fourier, iliot. Laplace, 'oisson, Malloni and Forbes. to the same ank with physical optics. wiut which, in hcse respects. it is very analogos. Thu aw of the radiaion of heat, which -has een denonstrsted fron induction. are ,rst, that the amount of the raliation with hich a body parts witt its ientt. is in roporiotn to the temiperature of the liody. ;econdly, that it varies in the ratiin of the nverse square of the distance from the ad iatting poi it. Thirdly, all b odies have tetlency to an equilbbrium of temper ure, either by radiation, if they are abovr he temperature of other substance's, or by bsorbtion, if they ate below, and when his equilibrium is established. ull radio ion ceases. Fifthly, the intensity of ra iation varies in difflremt bodies, and the hate of itssurface-ites greatest for rough, nd least for bright or polished surfacu. The velocity with: which heat is propa ated- tltrough. vacuo, is: not .delhitely y is probably not inferiorio electricity, ight. Erjanion.-All bodies expand, from he accuorulation of heat into th em But hbeexpansion of aotids by increase of their emperature, is very small. It is the con ersion of solid oxy;;en. or Ii) dro'gen into xygen. or hydrogen gris. that expatstio s most obvious. Among the sohds, the etals are most exjpansitilt-, and contrac ile; they' vary however, muel amtong hemoselves, in this respect. But amont: tem ncrcury observes metor' regularity it is dilatattons than any other metal- ~ nce r is used fior the construction of theruut ters. Throughout all tature, there seems a he but one anomalous contraction anti his takes (tplace in i atet . If water, like tler fluids, continued to intcreaso in den ty till it frozed, the consequence M ould e. that rivers, lakes, and oter large cut. ctions of witer, iitteatd of only being oated on thcirsnrftce with a lightstratur f ice, they would be th.routghly congeal d from the surfice to the bottot. For is very evident if water cuntinued to nutract like other liquids. its speci/ic grav ty when frozen, wooudlihe greeter t han hat of the wa;ter i anderneath It attd would otnsequeni ly sink to the hotbonm, and resh portions of thte water beitng piresent d to the air, it would also freeze and ink, until the whole mtass of water, (lake r river as the case mighht be) would be bo'roughly congealed frtm to1. to bottuotn. lutt the reverse of this is true-' he cold ontinues to opterate upon the surlace of he wvater. bv the cild breezes that blow ver ir, butt instead.. of dimtinishting its tulk anid thereby renderinig tt heaviera than lhe water betteath, tt expands attd becomes ouch ligh ter ; so. tth at under anese circumt tnces a stratumi of ice will be formed. loatmng ont the warmter water beneath. kud as this stratutrt ts a very had caon luctor of -heat, the water utnderneath will te kept am a temphierature event itt the cold ist regints, perfectly congential to fish and ithter aquatic antimals. From the ..avannahr teorgian LruTIUAN SYroDs oF SOUTH CAROiLI N~A AND ADJAceNT STATEs. This Ecclesiastical body convened in nie Lutheran -Chturch of this city ont Sat irday at 10 o'clock, aat,l was openetd with sermon by Rtev. P. A.-Sirobel, Pastor if the- Lutherant Chreh an Ebenezer, Ga, l'nis Synod is composed of anout 40 or lained ministers and licentiates. the great najority of whom reside in South Caro The business of the Synod engaged the ttention of-it' mnenmbers until Wednes lay ~afternoon. -Many of the sunbjects eted upon, were of tmuc'tiportance tt he Churcht, and although several qutes tans g'ave rise io considerable discussioti, he proceedings,it hronghot~t were char Leterizedthy aSspirit .of harmony and fra ernal affection. This Synod has under its charge a The 'logical Seminary~andl arCiassical School, ucated ariLexingtonu ilinge,,S..C. The 'nds ofrthe 8~eminary are Anificie'nt to ncet its xpnse... Tbre l,..tt.tinn is on der the superintendence of Rev. E. L. lazehios, D. D., Professor of Didactic and Biblical Theology. Twelve Theo logical Students are connected with the Seminary in the ddfe ren: stages of prepa ration. The Institution is in a veti flour: .shing condition. Connected n ith this Synod, is a Miss ionary Society, whose operations are di Tided betmeen the Foreign and Domestie fieida.. A mission is suj ported at Gun toor in India, in which feld sit, .lissiona ries are laturing. and several Missiona ries will enter upon this self-denying work, within tie bounds of Georgia, in the course of -a few weeks. The funds of the S) nod for The utppbrt of its various benevolent operations, al though not abundant, are respectable.nn'd evince, considerable liberality on the part of the members constituting this cotumu nion. Most of the churches in our city were supplied ott last Sabbath by Lutheran Ministers beloiging to Ibis Synod, and we believe general satisfaction was ex pressed with their efforts to proclaim the truths of tl:e Gospel. The increase of the Lutheran church in this country, -and particularly within the bounds of the South Carolina $ynnd. have been very rapid, and the church is still progressing. Dr. Bachman stated in his sermon on last Sabbath, that the Lu theran Church, in Europe and America. emblraces in its pale upwards of 40,000, 000 of members, which we understand is more than the whole number belonghitg to all other Protestant denoninaiintis. The doctrines of the L'otberan-i.hich are, we believe, what are called Evangel ical. The principles for w ich Luiher, the Great Reformer of the 15ih century, cntended. are inculcated by its ministers. alti thet the 'iewsof Luther upor niany poits have been modified and changed. The disciplinof this church is purel) Re publicau, anudwell adapted t.. our itstiu tions. '!g'ge .overnm eutis very iniil, and nly so michiantthorirf is exercised as is necessary 1o maintain a' system of correct moral and religious deporttent amongst its members.. We believe that is Svnod' has left a very favorable impression uppt ie minds of tour citnzens, aril we hope it may,,eet with succlies-in all its efforts to disseininate- correct religious principleIs and to extend the influence. of that'Goi. pel. whose truths are so essential to the welfare of society and the happiness o mani both-here.and hereafter. pointed thi year by nearly half the States in the Uiiion, and we may reasonably lool for the time when this good old c'stoam of the Pilgrie; Faihers will become uni form throughout ithe nation. . Aplpomt' meats have already been made this year as iollows--Charleston. S. C. Nov. 6; Ohio. Nov. 20; Kenourky.Nov. 20, ,Ma ryland, Nov. 21; Pennsylvania. Nov. 27; New Yoark. De. 4; Rhode Island. Nov. 27; Massaclitusets. Nov. 27;, Connecti. cet, Nov. 27; New Hampshire. Nov. 27; Vermont. Dec. 4; Maine, Dec- 4; New Jerey, Nov. 27. How trulh beautiful would he the spec tacle of a whole people, from the rocky altar of the Pilgrims to the Western ocean, and Irom the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexic'o. howing together at the samje' time in adoration to their father's God. and bringing as their first fruits the devo. tion of nillions of sincere hearts at one common aliar ! How illustrative of the genius of national institutions, to see ev ery sect in its ow% n peculiar way, unmo lested and free. forming a bond of'union in this act of worship, its children of one blessed lund-as the commaton recipient -of comtmon bounties from the one grea;t Soiurce of all humtan blessings. Some of the many reatsons and motives for such a sacrifice are well set fort h in Gov. Wright's proclumamion.-N. Y. Morning News. COLUMBUs. GA., Nov. 12. TI'he Small Pot.-- Tl'he're hiave been two or three cases oaf Snoill Pox in the city T'he disease was brought hi're by a sta" e passenger f'rm Maconm. atnd was comituinicate'l to two peersonts wihoe trat elled it~h aim, and toa a negro who nait edl on him. - -II the cas~es have beein ry mo'.cd ron' of the city, and having taketi the pains to ascertain, nie l.-arn that there is not nmow a case of the disease in ihec city. The coldh antd frosty weather, antI the pirecautions atgainist its spreading, "ill. we believe. arrest ainy future contagion. We make this statement' oh f'acts for the ber.efit of our country rea ders, who are liable to tie alarmed by exagerated reports. Theire is very little n'neasiness felt here upon the subject.-Times. Mr. Cathoun.-A mie'eting was held a' Vicksburg on the 7th lust, to make ar ranigemnts to welcome the arrival of Mr. Calhoun. Aimong' the regulatotis adopt? eel, it nas ordered that a -- Democratic State Rights man" be selected to deliver the --Reception Address," anti a "Whig State Rights mian" for the "Farewell Addrcss."-Chas. Courier. It appears from an official letter f'rm Coin. Jos. Smith of the U. S friate Cum berland, that Thonmas N. Cair, Esq., hias been duk~ and formally received at Tan gier as Consul General for 'he U' States for the emrpire of Morocco.-Chas. Cour. Caution to Smoker.4Gb'rit physrilj ogists affirm that of twenity'deat hs of'ten bet wee~n eig hieen~ and twentj fiv, ten) origiuate in the haste of the coiiitutzio Asian i ice; which an intelli "ent people fways make their own, I woald; requ fellow citizens not to considertie illy upon a charge only, untilsuppo proof. They will do the jtrstid fbo suspe'nd'their opiin ions ulitr d ge is finally decided upon. ; ' ,repel it indignantly, and appieaD amll who known the hea't o its tiake~lp s' the truti of my inno cence .:. tahe investigation of truth. end, columns of a news paper tel.4ro Nmedium,-at this time, I could cotvi n tunclouded mind that the chargeis a ed in the basest mo itves a'd for .olest motives that ev er disgraced hope, at some future As it 1t , stated that my object il holding Pea and Bryant to hail, was to delay titem , irass them, I will, only say thataf" g ago as'18 months, at least. tIgiea ir nsttmes; among others, to,:and d the L. S Iieputy Mai shal, the p bailor. when Sheriff and;~,. thiiiki. Sheriff Smith-to in forii -e i- K or-either-nf tiemi arri vedat any e hotels so-that I 'oiild bold -them i- Long before this for gery charge o.s thought of. suit has been boini on i gias, for a year past, a gaiust theim e. They are largely my debtors. To my fri a; who kindly came to aid me in ibis miay, I return my heartfelt thanks. -To foes, who exulted in my 'tempuraryd ement, I say nothing, ex cept, were G rie to come and write me down onoce , iith a pen of adamant. and In chtira es.of fire, they wpuld not see it. = HN H. PETERS. Charleston ov. 15. 1845. *wt is srra that this supposed forgery .was~ruktpt " Jon February, 1837-near 9 year a odprosecutioncommenced in Noveta , . ( Ea P which have inserted the ahleged for' will please insert the above card n anact of justice. 11t ~in neenit enjfer .for the G g the most glaring faults t the A nq a4ieSS iii the avidity with which' it.Aet Th on the hame of every indivad4 d'itiny be arrested on mere stustpint inplicated in a crniminal itffiece..- tr diint-fnthe jury be i b t t-e: thr in: ..rendered. ita ;Aaanocance 00uiptions'- by -a most every-body wyr ifhe; encountersa: This practice-isridicaly and abiolutely wtong, and should. by all means he discontinued. Many an innocent man has been wade to suffer by tIil :thoughtless mode of procee ding:.- Editor are- not al waya- aware of the heavy responsibility which rea upon iheni.-N.T.:Tribune. Grand Jury of Georgetown.-The Grand Juryol:Georgetown have presen ted as, a nuisainaee, -'he practice of per. miating negroes to let out their own time." The Grand Jury believe this practice jo be contrary to law and to good policy. breaking do" n the bond betwi-en master and -servant; and demoralizing the latter while it injures the former. "-It frustrates," say they, "every system of police, by letting loose spot the community a class per.ons who stand tn need of the restrain in; ham of domhestic management, and 'bus adds immeasurably to all the diffi culties- of internal geverntiment." We have not seen a presentment from any of ot.r Grand Juries on a more important subject, or one mare worthy of the con sideraiotV of- our -hegisators.-Charleston Evening Pot - - VermnontAThe Legisla ture of Vermont ~ndjuurned wjthout- day. on Trhursdiely las:. Amoing .thei;-hast acts weis the passage of a seriesof rnolutions relative to the .in nexiont ofTiexaa. The first resolution dleclares -thi Congress has no right to annex forein toi-ritoryi the second, 'that a list the iaizihainn of Texas will tend-to Mrake-,the hotides of the Union, the 'bird paroteats agins- the annexation. without thie-conseintf all the States; anad the fout-th instructs the delegation in Congress to art- in iaeordance 'with-the proceding resurUtns.. - Our-Senators in Congress:-It is now stid that Judge H uger -will press - htis- res cination onsthe Governor, and that Mr. Calhioun tWill be offered-his place, agreea bly to the liie unatnimously expressed wish of the -State and Nation.-Charleston Pa jot. - - Qeogi.-Dr Ambrose Baber has been neintied by'the Whigs as their candi dte. for.Congress,ina pla~ce -of . Mr. Poe, rieigned. ?Tie Doctor was formerly our JMichigan--Alpheus Felch (Dew.) is ette Governior. .ana -Greenly, (Dem.) ~ . Governor-, -by a majority of about 00. - Of .18 -Senstors -thie Whigs may have ne ortwo.-Last year none. IOf 52 members -of the House, the Whigs fill have 15 or 20.. Last year 7. 1 Sheep .and Woo .Spamin- has 20.000, 900eshee;,.tbe-Wol-oeing worr' 94,000 u00 (r.;-France hasm 32,500.000, the wool a-bd flesh- wrth 129,000,000. fr4t Great Britaiki:bas@5,000.000, wool wrbith- $l4'. 000. 06V jliianed States has $4,000,000 svool wogh'$2,000,000, From the Alabama Journal. THE GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE RAIL ROAD. Some misconception exists in relation to the routs. of tho rail toad now in pro gress in Georgia and Tennessee. Atlanta-, (formerly Marthasville) on the heights of the Chatahoochee, is the terminus cf the Georgia Rail Road, 170 miles in length, connecting it with Augusta. From At lanta, there are in progress, roads to Nash ville and Knoxville, (Tennessee.) froth the some point, the connection with the Mississippi. is by a line drawn slightly North of West. By railway from Atlan ta, along the heights of Etowah to R~ome -by steam navigation down the Coos; to a point from whence a rail road. north ward and westward, will strike the Ten nessee river, at Gunter's Landing, near Claysville, (Alabama)-by steamboats on ire Tennessee, to the eastern terminus of bthe Tuscumbia Rail Road, cow in -opera tion-on this rail road from Decatur to Tuscitttia-from Tuscumbia, to La. Grange, (Tennessee,) ,on a toad already projected and chartered-from LaGrange to Memphis, on another, road, is in pr6 greai. The Monroe Rail Road from 3Macoli will soon he extended to Atlanta. From the same point (Atlanta) a branch will after the next session of the Georgia Legislature, he commenced to connect with the Montgomery Rail Road at West Point. This, when completed, will, as will be seen' from the maps, not only es tablished a connected Rail Road between this place and Charleston, but also with North Alabama, by a route; if not so di rect, more practicabie and avdilable thai any other spoken of. Yearly Advertising.--We have been for some time impressed with the con viction that the system of "yearlyadver tising"--peculiar, we believe to the American press-is; full of defects, and ought to be entirely r bolished. It. works great injury to the publishers.' and impairs the vigor and value of newspapers to an extent not appreciatediby those who have not turned their attention to it. It is this system which enlarges the newspapers, without enlarging their profits or increa sing theiriuterestse.an ellet which may he compared to dropsy-ana its abolition would be alike beneficial in our opinion, to puhlisbets, atnd the publi. wheather readers or .pttlihrs.-We, invite the. attentio of the press. to the .'sh lpct. :RichmnondLY4h~; para raph. relatTve -o the plan so. nuck in vogue, of advertising by eonetrac.it is one ot'the most unjust anti wretched system. ever adopted,. at least so far as publishers are concerned, and in many cases even to advertisers themselves.. But this is not all-subscribers also suffer by the arrangement, as it is impossible togive :hat quantity of reading matter that otherwise would appear, unless you publish a sheet as a common bed blanket. A syr;en so defective should. be abolished at once by the urted action of press. Savdnndk Republicdn. FARMER'S CREED. We believe in small farms and thorough cultivation. We believe that the soil loves eat, as well as its owuer, and ought to be well manured... We bill'evo in going to the hottom of things, and therefore in deep plowing and enough of it. All the better ifit be a sub soil plow. We believe in lare eFnps which leave the land better that when they found it mtiting both the farter and the farm. rich at once. We believe that evere farm should own a good farmner. We fieliev~e that the best fertilizer of any soil, is a spirit of industry, enterprise and inttelligence-withzout this, lime, gypsum and greent manure, marl and guauo will be of little use. We believe in good fences, good bar'ns, good farm houses, good stock, good or- I ebards, and children enough to gather the We believe itn a clean kitchen, a neat wife itn it, a clean cubboard, a clean diary I and a clean coniscience, Comsfort ftr bad Cavei-g-T hose per sonLs. who are not expert iu the art of1 Larving poultry and othei similar delica- I lies will he gratified to learn that "a new1 carving instrument has beeni invented, I w ith live blades, so constructed that, beingJ placed in a roasted fowl or- othbr' piece of poultry, and a spring being pressed, the blades act simultaneously, amrd' in a. se eond separate the tige and legs, and divide the carcase l' . " Among the anicient Rfomans' therewas I s'iaw which was kept inviolably, that no I inan should make a public feast, except 1 hte had before provided for nll the poor ofc his neighborhood. it would be if this law was in force among Christians.. The cheap travelling svsiem is -fi~ding< its way South. Otn the -route' 'between, Mobile and New-Orleans,' the price of passage is reduced to $5. The fare has b'een $8-for the past year ortwo, ad was formerlg a~s high as $12. 'Several speeltiens of iron' furnirxe were exhibited at the recent .Fair,'.amoni which wire sme elegant chairs with stuffed cushions.. Aut Irishman' retiai'ked that "all the tdooi.,roasibent -them, wast i made of irow'.. ' from the Selma (Ala) Free P6l EDUCATION. This subject is exciting, much inere t in different tarts of our country... The.. :" -" great ohje'et appears to be,.uot it.tpanere erection of schools-for these are noWat6' ~. , he found in-every village-~but id placion 9 teachers, properly qualified, at the bead of them. The teacher begins lobe regarde in a more elevated, but in his true posi - _ tion, as the chief agent in the ittelleciua , and moral imnprovement of our. i'e. pons1bilities are really greater than tiise of the minister of the gospel ; for he hai to deal with tender children which ad. be mouled into any shape he may give.i, -- and from his intimate and constant per sonal intercurse ivith hix'pupil, big ink ence, both by eiamle and irece t' must necessarily be ir/dugly felt.. He..sttnide "f towards the pupil in the relation of a.par . ent. It is his main office to teach, ar.d to execute this, he is clothed with all the muthority necessar,y to eoforee 41ti atlc= Lions Who will say then, that the char acter of a teacher of youth should not be as pure as that of a minister of the gospel - -whilst, at the sahe time; he should-not be full to o'erdowing, with that knows ledge which is necessary to educate. the youthful mind ? Yet the fact is but too lamentably t-ue, that this high vocatio: is generally pursued.by gersoonsof limited attainments in scbolarsbip; and who a wanting in that elevated morality i high toned honor, which should be im pressed upon the young heart, in order-t make the boy, when he.becomes a man"' - ' an useful member of society. Insteau..- - these qualifications, how, sften d 'w behold in their place, all the ari of I asretcl.ed humbuggery resorted :to,. to cloak from the eye of the arent the.gros beet deficiencies, and to decraud his child ~ of the blessings of a sound education... Iiong those who have .doe pre-emi neut service, in our day. to the -cause of - education, the Hon. Horace.Mann istandi foremost. Posterity will look back to him as one of the benefaetors of the humana, ruce. He travelled through Europe r.e cently, as the agent of the Nassachsetts - Education Societ;, and visited: the most - celebrated sehools, In -iis report to the society. he has collected the moat valuable information, and exhibited the system of teaching by-the Ibosip~approved. tea race . How very diminutive do mnost of-our'ped-:. agogues aprear..after reading his sketch o. a_ Prusian~t geser * teacher :istructs -d4 "ot. and 4#tis a & io he r it F ~~ mnat ..e e diustjrs prntcples byfamiliar exasipl he trace out all the collateral cognectuns-to subject,.nitfi, agiipijiiy eompre a e~n~ to the merest child, becauaeibe i orough .. s understands this subject.,. By ibisme s " a child learns rapidly, and. earna pleasure-, How many of our. teaclers could get along without a book ? o many of them could shut up a. wseifio treatise. and conduct a class throngh it. We. are afraid that the number is veryr. very fow. - Riding uihi the Ladies.-There . has been a good deal of discussion lately, as to which is the proper side for a gentlemnn a riding with a lady. Sonie have main mined thai the left was the right side, aid )thers that the right aide could not be'the wrong. The editor of the New Haven Herald offered a prize of one copper fo tie .bst essay upon the subject. A com nte .f literary gentlemen offered "" rize to the author of he following "The gentleman should ride neithe on he right side of the lady nor on the left, tut exactly before her-and she comifotta 'ly seated on a pillion behind the cavglWe tad grasping him Airmly, will ride with afery and be protected from all ddigeri such was the custom of our anestdrs a "Mountt and wake ready than ? Quckly, ye gallant ruen Each with a pillio'n behindf him in order.' Would it not be better to take -the lady n the Iron' of thae sddle? You wcatii opport kier rhod, i'itseid of comllspli'g '- ~ er to support herself. The question':torns . ~~ ipon this pointi-would yo athSer frave . he lady's arm' round fonur waist,'oryour ira around hers I Either way 'would te pleasant. If we were riding with soni reen looking termagart, we would say 'get up behind,'if you are going to. andf lon't keep me waiting here !" 'But irsae as a nice litle thing, with',red' ipsand righit eyese'we would say,-My ;Mis.e till you.do me hionor, the -1nexpressibga leasur'e, to get rip issrs~ V"-Yankce - ilgde. . A Ready Reker.-&drunkird lawyer. aing' into churcb, wras observed by the ninister, who a'ddressed hini thus *'r vill bear wilness against thdit suiinr a(', be day of judgtnfent." The ladyei, sha - iug his head with drunken' gravity, .rc lied-"! have practised t wenty years at ie bar, and have always found thie great-. it rascal is the Girst to turn Sate-a videnee." ~. ~ The valuable dement used in the -south f ?france for grafting trees,~saia 'to be4*,~ nade of equal. psaspf traia oi1 aza gosrn nelred together, ahd ajjilied to rat1v:.t "''t -At a.renthal a ad'ht'ie he ex-residenio 3telco, woreapnd~~ forsoi5O,00O~yorth of. diamodluis . Carefork6Agde in tl ac en Gwasa.-m1'ike eq'ual part~lg at-, -t tepper ,and: cortsmaal ~an~d' ;we4t