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ti_ "ti . FO R T G N N E W S. Thirens Days Later from Europe. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT WES TERN. The steamrer Great Western, Captain R. R: Matthewsi arrived at New-York on Sunday, at. noon, waking tbo passage from Liverpool in litle less than 15 days. It will be seen that the're has been a fill of Id oh Cotton. --Buzsiness was good inihe Manufacturing districts, and' Great Britain generally prosperous. Iron had fallenoff from the high prices o' April, and the market was dull and dubious. .-.War is all the talk, and from the tone of their press it appears the English -peo pie are about as fearful that we are to declare war, as the Americans That John Bull is to do us that favor. The English press appears a little disconcerted that Brother Jonathan is not wore alarmed at Sir Robert Peel's great speech. - The Texan Ex-Secretary of .State, Ashbel Smith, has arrived out, as resident Minister in-France and England. - One hundred lives were lost by the fall ing of the chain bridge at 'Yarmouth, England on the 4th ult. Nothing of any interest has been brpached in the British Parliament since last advices. There was nothing new in Ireland. The money market in London was very easy. If the public securities are to be taken as a test, the -probability of the Oregon question being. settled otherwise than friendly seems very remote. Notwith standing this confidence, the subject is al luded to, in privatecirces, as one that is very ticklish, and that a trifling matter may fan into a flame. WAR WITH AMERICA. The probability of a war with the Uni ted States occupies the public mind on this side of the Atlantic, to the exclusion of every other topic. The arrivals from the western world are looked to with absorb ing - interest, and the instant a packet arrives, the news is conveyed with all the potency and speed which steam can com tnand to the metropolitan journals. In this way we forwarded by special express, and at a great outlay, the news which came to hand on the-night of Tuesday by the 'Caledonia.' The .previous arrival, the 'Great~Western,'caused some stir, as it. was known that she would bring tidings of the eff'ects which had been produced in America by the speeches of Sir Robert Peel and the Earl of Aberdeen, in Par ia ment, or, the Oregon question. But as only a day or two had intervened between the receipt of those speeches and the return of the steamer, which had not per. mitted. the public opinion to develope itself, the succeeding arrival produced, if possible, still greater interest. The pros andcons of the question, it is needless to say are daily discussed; abd this is cer tainly not the first instance- of late, that the spirit of American institutions has been analysed by British pens. The theory of the Federal Constitution has formed of recent years, a standing dish with. the politicians of England. The nationasl character and its- peculiarities the public men and -their-way wardness the democracy and. its elements-are all weighed with critical skill, sometimes with a friendly, often- with an adverse hand. But whatever diversity of opinion may exist among Englishmen as to clie abstract merits of Republicanism, a wor with America-the hare contemplatton of such a possibility-is abhorrent to the national mind. A war party, properly so ctalled, as regards the United States, does Dot exist. There is nothing to mark its influence. Thie mooted point;, the Oregon; is not generally believed, to be worth fighting for. It is not a point which appeals to national pride, or prejudice, or power. Every one feels that this little island has territory enough, and colonies, and sub. jects, which- own its-sway in every part of the habitable globe, that plume themselves, on thieir idenficatton with -the British name, without measuring, lances with a kindred people about a few thousand miles of a barren and, pr6tless. waste. No. The sentiment which has- taken deep root in the public mind of this- country; which pervades all classes, and sects, atnd shades of opinion, and unites them as one man,. * relbrs not -to the value of the territory in question, but to-wttiat they conceive to be , the arrogant, overbearing, blying style -with.which the opposite claim is advanced. It is withtiLaspirited peoplo as with a.spir ited animal-if you drive, they resist, if you lead, they may concede. -Mr. Polk -must be a crude judge of human nature, or he would not have put forth, in his inaugural address about- the Oregon, senti ments which were not merely indscreet not merely uncalled for and outt ol place, but which sneered at, and may be said to liave- hurled defiance at the British claim. We say nothing now as to the jstice of the claim ; all that we aim at is, to account for the exiraordinary unanimity which exc ists -on this question-an unancimity so surprising, that if we do go to war about ii every hand will be held up, every purse will'be opened,.e'very krm-will be stretch ed, to sustain it, and -bring it to a speedy and triumphant issue. there are men .who would tamely submit to: wrong-that wvould inrantly resent an insult. The country feels itself insulted by the new Pi-esident. Is he not a bungling fac tician that thus gives his opponent such an advantage;- that .placess himself in the wrong by his manner,.while he is-probably right in hris theory,?. Human ingenuity *could hardly.bhave, devised any means so effectual for~amalgamating5, as in a cruci ble, :he discordant elements of, which public opinion io. every free country. is composedJ 1i4e the wand of anenchan her, Mr. PBolk. has~done this~ and if 'there- is any truth in thesmying -of Napoleon, that moral force, -even..war, far ontsrips physi cal'force, it'will ke-found that his first will Dot b'e his last blunder. Hasty men are generally.obstinate men;f The President has coatmitted himself; will the Republic sustain him ? H~e has so precipita'ed matters that. the question . must now be settled. He has thrown down the gaunlet, and it has been taken ;he ha's eopardized the Amnerican olaim, and flung to the winds the "wise ana masterly inactivity" which Mr. Cal Noun, with a far-seeing sagacitj, recom mended as- the best policy for the United States to pursue. Back out he cannot, without personal compromise,. for he has shown his cards to his opponent, who will work the game actordingly. It is well understood on this side of the water-it is still better known at Wash ington, that the British Cabinet have comb to the conclusion that the present is the time for bringing this matter- to-an issue. To let it-slip would prove them as arrant bunglars as their antagonist. Di plomacy, like the chess-board, consists in a series-of successful moves, and a-skilful player can hardly he blamed for check mating his- rival. The affair might have remained in obeyance another quarter-of a century, as it has done during the-last half century, and every year would have increased the means, on the part of Ame rica, of a successful resistance ; decreased, in the same ratisithe power of Britain to sustain, or take forcible possession of Ore gon. The tide of. emegration, which is daily flowing to the West, would have peopled it in a few years with the Anglo American race,- who would have held their own against-all intruders. These advantages have been cast to the winds; and nothing appears to remain but mutual concession, or the settlement of the question by the strongest arm. Here, again, the evil genius.of the President confronts him. The temple of Janus is closed-we are at peace with the world. Our Indian empire is consolidated, our colonies in China are progressing. The British Exchequer is full to repletion-its navy is in admirable trim. Our steamers sweep every sea ; our means for transport ing troops, whether from Europe or from Asia. -were never more complete; more perfect. There never was a period in the history of this country when it was better prepared for war-never did a question exist, not on its abstract merits; but because of its concomitant swagger, on which less di versity of opinions prevails, and with heart and soul would the dernier resort be entered upon and pursued. . We do not write in a partizan spirit. Nothing, Heaven ktbows. should we regard as a greater national calamity than a rup ture with the United States; and- we should be sorry to say or- do anything which could in the remotest degree preci pitate it, It is painful; harrowing; even to contemplate such a contingency. 'Thei elements of society would be convulsed, commerce would be swept from the occeaa, and.the ties -of interest, and even of consanguinity, would be rudely snapped asnder, Upon England it would inflict all but- irreparable injury, and America would hardly suffer lest intensely. May so fearful a consummation be averted. In this crisis it is not unnatural that public reeling in- America should be -watched with some anxiety. The commercial classes can have no desire to fight Britain about the navigation of the Columbia. The Northers States are identified- with the continuance of peace and the progress of manufactures. The Southern States would not like to sacrifice their trade in cottony tobacco, and other produce, for so illusory .an object.- The brawlers to the West may desire a row, from an inherent love of sport and mischief, or a thirst for gain,- But after all, the mnaner will pro bably resolve itself intto a contest for polit ical supremnacy. If the President is oh sinale, and will. concede bothung, the party which elected htim may feel bound in consistency to sustain him, and the voice of the mere soher and discreet por tion of the Union will probably be drown rad'in the avalanche. We sincerely hope that discreet councils will prevail-, and that both Governments, concedirng some thitg for the sake of peace. may bring the matter to a timely and satisfactory adjust. But it is folly to blink- at the fact. that the -black cloud in the West," to which Sir Robert Peel so portentously al luded, looks threatening, and may burst with devastating fury. WVith any country hut America, war, with all its newly acquired horrors- and improved instruments of destructiotn, wottld be fearful, yet speedy. Butt with such a line of coast otn the Atlantic, ani the barren waste in dispttte on the Pacific side, it must..iji the nature of things, be protracted. Possession of the Oregon by an armed force would, of course. be the first,,.and the destruction of the Atlantic ciies on the seaboard the second, object of British annoyance. But- we pause, and sicken at the bare idea of evils so appall ing. sand yet so apparently immediate. resuling from the language of a htasty and'intemperate-man, raised, unexpected ly,- to a positioni in which his capheity for making mischief appears to -be the only capacity of which he ~has yet, in the opinion of the Britishers, given any proof. Unfortunately for our sagacity, we fore told, in this journal, ihe very day follow-: ing the arrival-of the President's inaugural address, the hubhub-to which his indiscreet| remarks on the Oregon would give rise| here, and our statenment has beena verified; to the letter.! The probability of a w-ar with the Uni-' ted States occupies the public mind on the other side of the Atlantic, to the exclusion of every other topic. The arrivals from the Western World are looked -to with absorbing interest. TPhe Washington Unione publishes the following as "an authentic account of a new revolution in Calitornia"-received by the United States brig Somers, at Pen sacola.-Mercury. PokT OF M oNTEafl (California, .March 20, 1845. In addition to what I wrote you in my last, 1 am now enabled to inform you that the CalIfornians-hav'e succeeded in their eff'orts - against the government-- of the reglargovernor and commandant general D)en Manuel Micheltorena. The Califor nians-to the number of one hundred and fifty, after remaining in this vicinity for ai few days, wient to the town of Angela. one hundred- miles north of this port, atnd stormited it in the night witY the loss of but two men. -They were soon-.joined by- the Californians of that place. On thie 10th 10th or-,J2th -of January, Governor Gon eral Micheltorena left this town with his offiers, one hundredl and fifty Mexica n soia-s, some citizens of Old Maerieo. mxty or eighty wild Indians, tramoed to irmsby Capt. Sutter, (a Swiss settler, on the river Sacratieni,) and one..hundred foreigners; apart-of whom areosettled on the same river. He had alsQ oitearts, cannon and baggage ; had to make a road as he'proceeded, over a difficult muntain sus route. Sometimes he went a.league a day, and then again would lialifour or fve-days at a place without any apparent object. During all this time, the talifor nians, (insurgents) travelled t jugboui the country from ten to 'wenty es (30 to 50 miles) a day. They re ed at times to the vicinity of the Grnor General forces, from a long d ace of' and would then disappear. After the governor general hadt-been on the road a month. the. foreigners and his soldiers began to leave him by fyes and tens at a time; the former being, "sgusted with the slowness of his progress, and the latter left him with the hope of getting free from the service; whilefmany of those remaing were in hop ~s:3 the Californians would be vic wand would ship them back to San1B( 'where they had families or relations y hav ing been forced int6the ranks andbrought into California against their will. Gen. Mlicheltorena, after having been forty days in reaching the vicinity of the town of Angels,-for the third time came-near the insurgents, who then offered him battle. They (the i surgents) were .three or four htrundred str. g, under Don Jos astro, who had persuaded many for ners to join his party. On the 50th of February, thd.two par ties (consisting of about six hunfred men all together, Mexicans, Califo as. for eigners, and Indians) got inf ion. Castro commenced the fight annon, firing large shot; and the governor gener al, on his side, returning his"fire with grape. Both parties remained" adapart all that day as not to lose a m , On the' next day, (the 21st,) the hattle ain com menced, and was continued in i fat is here considered a warm and desperate contest. The governor general, however, soon sur rendered ; -for forty or fifty 'foreigners having left him some time before, the remainder refused to fight against their countrymen in the insurgents ranks. Some rc'ports make the total loss (on;boih sides) amount to three or four men, while others make it as many horses. In all proba bility, there were not six tnet killed or wounderd in the whole two day' fighting, atlthough 250 cannon balls wdeajfired1 - A-er tile battle, a treaty was made, by which it was agreed that every, perso on -ituer side might go where beaisthed--lte ;obliers to go to 'au Blas or iemini ccti sets of California. Tpe-Mexican officers who wish to remain will cr-ntinue to hold heir present conmissions and pay. But few of them, however, , ill remait; here. 'rhe governor geueral is to go by water to San Blas with all who choose:to accom pany hin, and from thence he is to pro :eed to Mexico. Don Pico has become governor, as he is the lending.member of he house or deputies or Staie Legisla ture; and Don Jose Castro has become Lommiandant General of ,mifrnia. He I ill,. I suppose, make mans change. 3f officers. Tn revenue of the country is from eighty to one hundred thousand dollars, and is allI from the custom house. The ground over which they (the Mfx icat) forces took thirty or forty days to travel, was passed by theo Californiaas in ten days oni thei'r r-eturn to this capital to take possessionc of ir. This mode of travel caused his ruin ; but had he suCceeded, the Califorhians would have risen again. Dxurintg the last twel've years there have been fou'r revolutions again'st the Mexican commandinig generafs. which' have all been unsuccessful. During th'e twelve. yeaxs, six Mexic-an generals have arrived iut here; otne of whom died, and the rest n'ere setnt hack by the Calilbrnians, hav ing altogether held commanid but for -ix years ; while Alvarado, a native, whoi put himself into office eight years ace, ruled the other six. California. from Bodega to Sani Diego. i, now once more uder its own commcandl -tiie Russians having left Bodega, which now bcic.ngs to Capt. S. Smith, of Balti more, United States of' Ameriira, who is a naturalized ccizen of Califoraia. WVheth er thce natives of mhia counti-y will'-keep peaice amiong themselvis, or~ he agatin conquered for a year or two by Mexico, remains to be seed. If allowed to govertn themtselves, they acknnt ledge the Mexidan flag andI their laws, wvhen they please them. .They pay little attention to thc Mexicant tarif, except to raise the amroujnt' if salaries and a few odd matters. Ini fact, the State of California, and its wvants acid commerce, are such that the tariff' and' laws of Mexico are but little applitahle to' the country. POILT or MoYTEREY, Ma rch 24, 1845. Don Pico has taken co~mmand of this department as governor, and Don Jose Castro as commandant general at the town of Angels, near' San Pedro. They received this- command by treaty with General M. Micheltorena, and they have now chartered thle American bark Don Quixotte' formerly .of Boston, liut now belonging to Messrs. Jtchn and William Paty, merchants of the Sanwich Itlands, for eleven-' housand dollars, (1J,000 to bring tihe getneral and his forces to tbis port. The bark 'nosy lies atanchor' here, es ith the soldiers on board prisoners-. Thie general and his officers 'are allowed six (lays to arrange their business and take on board-their families-; they then proceed to San' Blas, thence to the city oft Mexicto. Capt. Sutter and all the foreigners who joined the Govertrment Ibrees have ret urrf ed to their farms on the headiwateruof the San Francisco, as- tihey fouind many of their' countrymen' ith the insurgents. Both parties' withdrew from the field of battle. AMthough the Mexican troops and Californians were firing 'several c'annons witb grape and ball at each other a part of Iwo days, it is'aecertained 'that not' one man is even wounded-their resplective situations 'being too seeni-e, and the dis tance very-great. Affairs are now apparently quiet in the deportment of Upper. California. The natives now 'hold the reigris of Govert& tment under ther expectation that the an preme government'of Mex ico will confirm their di flerent acts 'mnl appointments. At the same time maniy have their fears that snmn. conmandcr. more snevere thnn ,he former one, will arrive to punish thorn during the next year. There may be dis sentions between the North and the South -of the country, as each want the seat of government in their vicinity.-Tlamburg Republican. C From the Charleston Courier. SECOND MEETING OF FASHION AND PEYTONA--SERIOUS ACCIDENT.ON THE CAM DEN RACE COURSE. In another column we give an account (copied from the Philadelphia United States Gazette) of the race over the Cam den Course. between the celetirated rival cnursers. Fashion and Peytona, four mile heats, for a purse of $10,000, in which the former was victorious. It would appear from the publisned statements that Fash ion was an easy conqueror. This will doubtless- create much surprise among turfsmnen, particularly as there is'no men tion made of her opponent being out of condition. The cerdant amateurs of the race track will learn, however, that it is always difficult tn tell ' who will be Gov ernor. until after the election." We se, it stated in some of the papers, that another match race was promptly proposed, for $20,000 a side, over the Canton Cotrse, near Baltimore. and that it will come off very soon. If this state ment is correct we shall look quite an xiously for the result. Should the South ern mare be in proper "fix," we have little doubt that she will tell a tale that will "astonish the naives" of New Jer sey, and all who back the now tfnrivalled and beautiful Fashion. A most serious accident occurred at the Camden Course, just at the moment the bugle sounded for the appearance of the horses on the track, and it is truly wonder fil that the result was not much more dis asirous thitn it proved to be. The details will he found attached to the account of the race. Reports. hougiht by passenlgers, arriv'd here on Saturday morning, induced the belief that there had been a sacrifice of one or two hundred lives, and these ru mors lost notl'iing in their progress from mouth to iniouth, until it was asserted that thonsands smfered' hj the awful cata tripe. It appears. Jiowever, by the papers, that there were hut .rom 12 to 1500 tersoos in the stand th;,t fell, and that only 40 o: 50 were injured, a numter of them, however. quite seriously. We conversed with a gentleman who was present on the occasion, who informs us that the scene was of the most distressing .character. At first a slight cracking of the timbers was heard. which created 2reat alarm, and the dense mass of human beings with n hich the stand was crowde'I, made a movement towards the stair-way to escape. This movement caused tim bers to give way. and for an instant or two there wasfa swaying to and fro of the entire building, when it came down with a tremendous crash. amid a general screeching from all who were in anl ahout the stand, a cry of horror from the sur rounding multitnde who were spectators of the dreadful scene. - - Our informant states that two persons died from the injuries received, and that three, others were not expected tosurvive. The cracking the timbers above, wvas for tunately heard by the mass helow engaged engaeed in drinking and gambling, many of wvhom were thu-s cnabledi to make their escape, otherwise the loss of life must have been niuch greatet. From the Charles fon Mltercury,. LouruSIEN, A bbeville District. May 25, 1845. Mr. Editor.-To correct misstatements and to relieve the anxieries ol many frietnds of General McD.,fio, I am itnduced to re psort he state oh his health ait 'his time. Since the Generatls return from Wash ingtim he has been incessantly engaged in supe-rintending and directing his plamtatiomn atillairs.- The exercise amnd excitement cotn nected aith tbis. hmad a favorable influ ence on his healhh until lately. amnd the had become much more vigorous thatn he was during the winter. Sincp the wveather he came warm: he continued to' walk and fa tigue himself imuprntdetntly on his' plant a mt.,t. Heb awoke otn the mo'rning of the 20th inst. feelitng soime stiflness and numb ness in his right arm and leg, and cotnclu d'ed exercise would relieve it. He walked two tmiles to one bf his fields where his hands was at work, atnd became motre fee ble, and .ad to take his- overse.-rs arm to enable him to return to the house. lie last' downm and sootn after was conuscious that he'had lost the partial'use of his right artm.and leg. His head atnd ilitellect are nhlt afi'ected'ih the slightest degree. Tihe umuscles of the face are un.Iiarmned. The sensibility of 'he 'arm and-leg is not im pained the least. and' hie has perfect com mand over and use of-some of the tmuecles onf those metmbers. HfiR general health is as good as it was previous to the attack. Hoe remained at mny house within a mile of his prantationi from the time lie was at tacked till the mnornsing uf the" 25th inst. After being assisted in his carriage hte was then able to drive himself to Cherry Hill, a distanee of 10 miles.. 1- visited the General -yesterdiay, and was gratified-to fiud'him have more use of his arm and hatnd than he had a fen~ day s previously' He hiad %rote a shoit note; and signed his naine.readily to 8 lettrer or two which I wrote for him. I have heett somewhat minute, but I am sure this report fra'm his attending physi cian willbe satisfactory to his friends H. H. TOWNES. Ib New Orleans, on the 10th uIt., Allen Jones was fined $1000, atnd J. J. Bryant $2000.,(being hsis second offence.) for vio laion of the laws against gatmbling, and remain tn prison until the fines were paid. All the gaming apparatus was counscated. -Dr. Louis E, Gavarre has-been convic ted of-stealing a negro at M acon, Miss., and sentenced -to the penitentiary for tea years. Letters from -Washington state that J. C. Clinton, [late Mi. U. from N. Y..] has been appointed a Clerk in the W ar De liartment atS1600 a year. l'oor business this of the metmbers of Congress going to Washington 'to "rat" clerks out of their EDGEFIELD C. H. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 11, 1845. "ie will Cling to the Pillars of the Temple of Our Liberies. and if it most fall, tbe per. ish amidst the Ruins." (O We are-requested'to state, that the Rev BRUCE WALKER, of Beaufort, 5. C., having accepted the Rectorship of Trinity Church (Episcopal,) in this Village, is ex peeted tocommence his labors on Sunday next, the 15th instaoi. The Court of Appeals ivhich recently assem bled at Columbia, adjourned on the 2nd inst; The Court of Eqtii-y for Edgeffeld District, adjourned on Saturday last. * The Wheat Crop.-The Anderson Gazette of the 6th instant says-" Wheat, we understand is turning off better than was anticipated, the dry weather not having injured the grain so much as it retarded the growth of the stalk ; we. hear no complaint of either smut or rust, and presume that wheat is- effected by neither to any considerable extent." - The Greenville Mountaineer of the same date says:-Many of the farmers are harvest ing their Wheat, and we are happy to learn that the grain ia excellent; the yield is better than was expected, although less than usual. The Oat crop upon upland will he very a hort -many fields of that grain not sufficiently tall to cut." Tum Coors.-We are informed that on the River plantation of Col. F. W. Pickens, the first Cotton blooms were seen on the 6th of Jttne. The first which were deean last year were on the 8th of June In the lower part of the District. Cotton .blootns appeared, we tn dea'snnd. as early as the 27th of May, iii 1844. Though we are snfrfering greatly fr'm drought. Cotton Which was planted early, is in good con. diti'an. Cotton vliich was planted late is very midifirent. Small grain is almost entirely destroyed by the dry weather. Early Corn is good and stillhas a fine color. Edgcieltd Male Academy.-On Friday last we were present at theexamination of the'Sti dents of the Male Academy at this place. The proficiency which they exhibited, reflected great credit upon their instructor, Ar. H. K. Mc Clintock. a gentler n . long and favorably known to this commnnity. We were much pleased with the appearance of-neatness and order aboutthe Academy and the grounds at tached to it. W~e were informed by Nr'Mc Clintock that the conduct of- his pupils has been exemplary throughotut the session, and that lhe htas never had les difficulty in the man agement of a school. This speaks well for his discipline,which is firm, mildar d parenttal. W~e earnestly hope, that this gentleman will receive that patronage to which his long experience andi capability for the business of instruction entitle him. Revohadion in California-Great Batle Terrible Slauglter ! I-In another portion of our paper..our readers will find an account of the Revolumilen in Califoi-nia., It will be seen :hat a destructive baitle has been fought be tween tihe Mexican troopd ott the one side and the Californians on the other-the lattEr gain. ing the victory. California or at least a large portion of it, appears to be in possession of the settlers, who have driven out the Mlexic-in ar 'mies. This magnificent battle which settles the fate of the country, for a time at least, will doubtless be spoken of by posterity as one of the most ext'raor dinary battles which was ever fought. Ir appears that about six hundred men in all were' engag'ed' ini it. The combat lasted abont two days. It tock, place on the 20th of February and ended Ott this 21st. Two hundred and fifty cannon balls were fired by the belligerents. .Of the killed and wounded it is reported that the numtber amounted to three or four horses! Not a soldier on either side lust blood. The account states that though the Mexican and Californian troops lited at each other with grape ?Id cautnon shot for two days, none were wotdtded, their respective sit. niations bettg too secure! Certainly these valiant men will never he accused of .reckles, ness, They helieve that "discretion is the betther part of valor." Jadk Falstaff'is doubt less the very beau ideal of a-chevalier with them. They believe that fighting consiste in making e great noise, and care fully keepinig ont of the reach of danger. Sowe of- theum hfave proba bly-read Hudibras, and followed his maxim which he thus lays down -'He who fights and runs away, * May live to-fight another day ; . But hemi battle who is slain, Will never live to fight again." This great battle in California willbe classe< witli those of Thermopylae, Waterloo and oth era comme morated on the page of history. The illustrioua commianders on this occasion..will rank with Leonidnts, Nap oleon and Welling' ton, and will he the theme of thxe inuse in atl future ages. But jesting apart, this battle bloodles.as. wvas. may be followed by veryimportant results We would rejoice if California should succeed in entirely throwing ofiP-the ,Mexican'yoke ani maintaining her independence. We'hope tm see the day when that. country will~ enjoy then blessings of-a well regttatedl republican' gov ern ment. Mr. cahon.--At a Demtocratic mieeting hek in Mobile on. the 14tli nu., a committee wn .anteda to tender to Mr. Calhoun a public dlnner at that place, at such .time as b.e might designaie. The following is his .reply to the letter of invitation. . FORT HILL, 15th 1ay, 1845. GentIimen:-From some delay. in the mail, I did'not receive, until a few days since, your letterof-the 21st A pril, iform-n ini me; that a democratic meeting held in the' city of Mobile on- the 14t.h ofithe same mouth, you were appointed a- coitt millee to express the *dial approbationt - of the meeting of my public conduct; their gratitude for my services,- and to - offer on the part of the .meeting, such other manifestations' of their respect and esteem as you might think proper. I will not attenit to express the deep gratiiude 1'feel for the warm approbation of my public conduct and 9ervices.-er pressed by the meeting in their resolutions and,he very acceprable manner in wiech you have. perforedthe-d uty entrusted to you.. - In performitfg it, you have alluded with particular approbation to.my condnet.and Cervices in reference to StateRigbts,'ind during the-period I filled, for gbort tiie, the SIate Department under the iate: ad.. - ministration. To ho part of my public life do [Jo'ok back with greater -pleasdre, than that de-; voted'to -expountdintg and maijning -te. relatiois bet'ween-the Federal atd State Governmentsr on which the' doctrineotr. State Rights depend. and-it is a great pon solation for me to ihiak it-has not been in vetn, . The Federal Government' regaded in ifs federative. h-aractert in which Sjates and not individuils, are itrconstituenta, is.. - the most remarkable ever formed ' and promises, if carried'out-honesely'and fair ly as such, a higher:degiee prosperity abd happiness; than has ever fallen-to'thelot. of atiy people. Oh th'e- other 'had,-.re garded as a national Governmenit,in whib. individuals and not States are rhe-coaSti tuents, it-has nothing novel or remarlable about it. Instead of a grearFederal Re public, as it'is. it wddld be in that eherac tera huge, tinwieldly.democracy,'destined to be torn into fragments' by hostile 'atd conflicting .interests, and to terminats -ia convulsions.. Such being. my doohierion,. I felt it my duty to maintain -the Federal character -of the Government against- the - national or consolidativ.e, at aty sacrifice aid hazard, and.shall coniinue.to do soiso long as it shall please' the uthor of:my being to spare my -life. The set vices I rendered d'ring trie peri oil filleI tihe State De partment, were perfor ted uder great difficulties and em barrassments. Nothing, indeed. but the magniiude of the quesions involved In the. negotiations in -reference to Texas- ind Oregon, -with the difficulties and embar=. rasemesta encircling them, and the pnnni mous call of the coitutry to take charge of the negotiations, could have induced me to leate m y retirement anal return. to-pdb. lic life. Besides those that weie int'rinsic, there were many that were of an.estrane Ous character.' Among others, the' administratio'n was' literally without a' party in Congress. and very feebly siupported by the people' and. the presidential question'- was pending,; which experience had taught me gverruled in a great measure all others. The negotiation in reference to.Texas' first claitmed my attention, because it was the most pressitng and could not be delay'ed without hazard. In order to avoid the~ difficulties antd embarrassment which I .. pprehetnned from t he presidetntial. eec tion, gI resolved to keep entirely. aloof aloof from the party politics of the day, and especially from questions relating: to. the election, and to use my efibrts tog* dttee the candidates not to commit them selves against annexcation. I -had- little apprehension that Mlr. Van Buren would as a gr,-at majority of his friends with Gen. Jackson at thteir head, had declared for it.- The position of Mr. Clay was different. The masses of his' friends 16 the north opposed tt which I feared would sway him. In ordler to prevesi it if pos sible, I saw some of his most prominent friends, with wvhotr. I was os friendly4 terms. and used every 'argtument I could with them, to exert their infience to pre vent him'f'rom coming out against it. It wvas all in vain. His letter in oppo sition soont after app)eared,- and Mr. Van Buren's followed shortly after, most unex pectedly to me. Their effect was great. Mr. Clay's friends were rallied agtnst it ahtnostjto a man, 'although the grpat body of them in the West and South were.stron'ly dis posed to support it,-~atid not a few of the prominlent opeuly commtiitted in its iavor. It was different wish Mr. Vati Buren's. The great body of his supporters remained firm in its support ; but an active, influen tial and not an inconsiderable numbe~r ad-. hered to his course. lndeed, the 'stand taken by "the selected candidates of-the two great parthes. with the inluendceof the preuidential question and-the feebleneisof the t-d tiniration' in. Congress and the country, seemed, for a titme, to render the prospect of success almost hopeless. To these cause's of opposition there mast be taken into consideration-mnother, to re alize the difficulties- and embarrassments - that stood in the way of the success or the measure. I aliie to. abolitimn. Jitmay, indeed. be truly .regarded as the, main spring whtich put the others in miotion. The abolitin party in the North and. West had taken an early and. decided stand against it, and had gone. so. faras to adopt measures to infiuance the party In Great Britain, and through them thie Bit. ish Government to oppose it,- as the most effectual meant of abolishing slavery lo the .United-Stases and throughout the' conti. nent. T be scheme was.to abolish slavery in Tex'as'as the most certairn means of do ing so in the United States, and that of do -ing it withotut the conti;nent. -To consum mate :this,.gratnd and well, laid' scheme, it was .indispensable that Texas'sho'ulid..be prevent ed from being.anndred to the Enion; while 'the only. possilile way to, defeat it and . ptrevent. the ttiighty. cpnsequences. which would flow from i;, was -'gabe-an -nexation of Texas.' , The-course of the 'Britlsh Gornit at any early stage of the nregoelatioa, mnade . it manifest that it had warmly and fally embracedl the scheme. The declaration made by its minister-at Wa-hington to our IGovernmopt before it- had fauly. ommen Iced (a copy of which w as -h zt .e-De partpient of State .after I had entered on