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INAUGURAL ADDRESS PRONOUNCED BY JAMES -K. POLK, President. In the presence of the Senate and People' of the United States of America. 'CAPITOL, March 4th, 1845. , KLLow-CITIZENs: Without solicitation- ons my part, I have been chosen by the free and voluntary suffrages of my ct mirymen to the most honorable and most reseonsible office on earth. I am deeply impressed with gratitude for the iconfidence reposed in me. Honored with this diestiguished consideration at an ear her period of life than- any of my predecessors, I cannot disguise the diffidence with which I am about to etiter on the discharge of my offi cial duties. If the more aged and experienced men who have filled the ofice of President of the United States, even in the infancy of the reptiblic. dis trusted their ability to discharge the dutaesof that exalted station, what ong:t not to be the apprehension of oneso mach younger and less endowed, now that our domain extends from ocean to ocean, thflt our people have so greatly. increased in numbers, and at a time when so great diversity of opinion prevails in regard to the principles and policy which should charac terize the principles of our government? Well may the boldest fear and the wisest tremblo, when incurring responsibilities ont which may depend ourcountry's peace and prosperity, and in some degree, the hopes and happiness of the whole human family. In assuming responsibilities so vast, I fer vently invoke the aid of that A!Malghty Riler of the Universe, in whose hands i're tle desti nie- of nations and of men, to guard this hea von-favored land against the mischiefs which, without His guidance anight arise from an . unwise public policy. With a firin reliance upon the wisdoin of Omnipotence 4o sustain and direct mi in ile path oi duty which I am app-ointed to prsue, I stand in the presence of this assembled multitude of my count'vtnen, N take upon myself the solemn obligation, ''to the best of my ability to preserve, project, and. defend the Constitution of the United States." A concipe enumeration of the principles which will guide me in -the adminaistratave.pol- t icy of the Government. is not only in accord ance with the examples set me by all my pre decessors, but is eminently befitting the occa won. The Constiintion itself. plainly written as it is, the safeguard o our federative comnpitct, the offsprng of concession and comptomise, bind ing together in the.bonds of peace and union this great and increasing family of free and in dependent States, will be the chart by which I shall be directed. It will he my first care to administer the (oyernmenth the true spirit of that instrument, and to assume no powers not i expressly granted or clearly. implied in its terms. The Government of the United States is one of delegated and limited powers; and it is by a strict adherence to the clearly granted powers, and by abstaining from the exercise of doubtful or unauthorized implied powers, that we have the only ure guaranty against the re N currence of those unfortunate collisinns between i the Federal and State authorities. which have t occasionally so much disturbed the harmony of a our system, and even threatened the perpetuity of our glorious Union. " To the States respectively, or to the peo. ple," have been reserved " the powers not del egated to the United State% by the Constitu Don, nor prohibited by it to the States." Each t State -is a complete sovereignty within the sphere of its reserved powers. The govern- 4 ment of the Union, heting within the sphere of its delegated authority, is also a complete sov ereignty. While the General Gavernment should abstain from the exercie of authority not clearly delegated to it, the States should be C equally careful that, in the maintenance of their I rights, they do not overstep the limits of p.w- I era reserved to them. One of rhe most distin-it gished of :my predecessors attached deservedr importance to -' the suapport of the State go i-eraneants in all their righats, as the tost con I petenm adaniiitration for our domestic con erns, and the surest balwark against anti-re publicanm tendencies:" and to the -. preserva tion of the General Government in its whole il constitutiotnal vigor, as the .hee-nchor of otnr t peace at home, and safety abroad."J To the Government of the United States has . been intrusted the exclusive management of our foreign affatirs. Beyond that, it wiels a few general enumerated powers. It does niotforce reform oan the States. It leatves individuals, - - over whom it casts its protecting influence, ea.t tirely free to improve their own condition by ir the legitimate exercise of all their menttal andi physical powers. it is a common protector of each and all the States, of every man who lives: upon our soil, whether of niative or toreign l - birth; of every religious sect int their worship1 of the Almighty accordinag to the dictates of 9 their own conscience ; of every art. trade and C occupation,- consistent with the laws of the l States. And we rejoice in the general happi- . I ness, prosp)eaity, anad advanacement of our coun- ti try, which have been the offspring of freedom, d and not of power. This most admirable and wisest system of well regulated self-government among men. ever devised by humani minds, has beena tested by its successful operation for more than half a century; and if p reserved from thte usurpation t' of the Federal G overnent on the one hand, y arid the exercise by the States of powers not a reseuved to them on.the oiher. will, I fervently hope atnd believe, endure for ages to coame,. - and dispense the blessings of civil atid religious ~ liberty to distant generations.. To effect oh jects'so dear to every patriot, I shall devote umytelf with anxious solicitude. It will be nmy desire to guard against that most fruitful source of danger to the -harmonious action of ow- sys tem, which- consists in substituting the mere I -discretion and caprice of the- executive, or of majorities in thec legislative department o thej governmealt, for powers which have been with- . held fioam the"Federal Government by tho Con-. stitution. By the theory of out governmwent, majorities rule ; but this right is ant an arbitray I or unlimited one. It is a right to be exercised in -subordintaton to the Conistitution, and in conformity to it. . One-great object of the Con- I stitution was to restrain majorities from op. 'pressing minorities, or encroaching upon their just rights. Minorities have a right to appeal to the Cobstitution, as a shield against such op pressioni. - That the blessings of liberty wvhich our con- I stitution secures may be enjoyed alike by mi] norities and majorities, the executive has been I wisely invested with a qalified veto upon the acts of the legislature- It is a negative power, and is conservative in its character. [t arrests for'thie time, hasty, incensiderate, or unconsti- I tutional legislation; invites reconsideration, and transfers questions at issue between the legis lative and executive departments tor the tribu-4 nal of the people. Like all other powers, it is a subject to be abused Whent judiciously and properly exeicised, the Constitution itself may he siaved from infraction, and the rights of all preserved and protected . The inestimable value of our eraI Union is- felt and atikhowledged'by all2" y thin sys-| tem of united and confederatejStates, our peo-i ple are permiitted,eollectively and individually,. to seek their own happiness in their own way; I and the consequences have been most auspr-. cious. Sinace the Union was formed, the nam ber of the States has itnereased from thirteen to1 twenty-eight; two of these have takerf their position as members of the confederacy within the last week. Our population has increased from. three to twenty mnu ions. New comtmu naities and States are seeking pretection uander -i !r mngis. end mtltitades- from the Old WVorldj1 rre ockiig to our shores to participate in its olessings. -Beneath its benign sway, peace ind yrosierity prevail. Freed from.the bur lens and rhiseries of war, our trade and inter :otirse have exiterided throughout the world. blind, no longer tasked in devising means to ac omplish or resist schemes of ambition, usur ration, or conquest. is devoting itself to man's rue interests, in developing his faculties and iowers, and the capacity of nature-to minister obhis'enjoyments. Gvenins is -free to announce ts inventions and discoveries; and the hand is -ree to accomplish whateverthe head corceives, ot incoumpatible with the rights of a fellow be ng. All distinctions of birth or of rank have een abolished. All citizens, whether native r adopted. ate placed upon terms of precise quality All are entitled to equal rights and qual proctation. No union exists between hureh and state; and perfect freedon of opin. on is guaranteed to all sects and creeds. These are some of the blessings secured to ur happy land by our federal Union. To per etnate them. it is our sacred duty to preserve t. Who shall aseien limits to the achievements f free minds nnd free hands nnder tire protec. ion of this glorious 'Union? No treason to nar kind since the -organization. of society, vould be equal in atrocity to that of him who vould lie his hand to destroy it. He would verthrow the noblest structare o( hniman wis lom, which protects himself and. his fellow nan. He would stop the progress of free go ernment, and involve his country either in narchy or despotism. He would extinguish he fire of liberty which warms and animates lie hearts of happy millions. and invites all the iations of the earth to imitate our example. If e saw that error and wrong are committed in he administration or tie government. let him emember that nothing human can be perfect; nd that under no system 6f government re ealed by Heaven, or devised by man, has rea on been allowed so broad a scope to combat rror. Has the sword of despots proved to be safer or surer instrument of reform in gov rnment than enlightened- reason? Does he xpect to find among the ruins of this Union a appier abode for our swarming millions than hey now have under it? Every lover df his ountry must shudder at the thought of the ossibility of its dissolution, and will be ready r adopt the patriotic setiment, " Our federal nion-it must be preserved." To preserve t, the compromises which alone enabled our athers to form a common constitution fur the overnment and protection of so many States nd distinct communities, of such diversified abits, interests, and domestic institutions, must e sacredly and religiously observed. Any at anpt to disturb or destroy these compromises, eing terms of the compact of Union, can-lead J none other than the most ruinous and disas. rous consequences. - It is a source of desp rogret that in some, ections of our edubtry, misguided per one have occasionally indulged in schenes nd agitations, whose object is the destruc ion of domestic ' institutions existing in ther sections- institutions which existed t the adoption of the constitution, and were recognised and protected by it. All aust see that if it were possible for them a be successfil in attaining their object, he dissolution of the fjnion, and the con equent destruction of our happy form of overtunent, must speedily t'ollow. I am happy to believe that at every pe iod of our existence as a nation, there has xisted. and continues to exist, among the rent mass of our people, devotion to the niou of the States, which will shield and rotect it against the moral treason of any who wodid-seri'ously contemplate its des ruclion. To secure a continuance of that evotion. the compromises of the coastitu inn must not only be preserved, but see onal jealousies arid heartburnings must e discountenanced, and all should re 'ember that they are members ofthe same oitical-'family, having a common destiny. To increase the attachment of our people i the Union, our laws should bejiusm. ty poliry which shall tend to favor ino opolies, or the peculiar interbsts of see ions of classes, must operate to. the pre idice of the inierest of their fellow-citizens nd should be avoided. If the compromi as of the constituhtion be preserved,-if scional jealousies and hearthurnings be iscountenanced%-if our laws be just, anid mo government be practically admainiste ed trictly within the limits of power rscribed to i,-wc mndy discard all ap rehensions for' the safety of the Union.. WVith these views , f nature, character, nd objecms of the gwavernmentm, and value f thme Union, I shall steadily oppose the reationm of those institutions and systems ihieh, in their nature, tend to pervert it -'m its legitimate pur poses, and 'make it 3 instrumtent of sectiotas, classes. and in ividuals. We need no national banks, r other extraneous institutions, planted round the' governmenit to. control' oi trengthen it in opposition to the ill.of its uthors. Experience has taught us bow necessary they are as auxiliaries of the ublic authorities. how' impotent for good, nd how powerful for mischief. Ours was intended to he a plain and -ugal government ; and I shall regard it 2he tny duty to recoinmend to Congress, id, as far a's the executive is concerned, ' enforce it by the means within my ower, the strictest economy in the ex endture of the public money. which may e compatible with the public interests. A. national debt has become almnost an latitution of European monaI~rchies. It Sviewed, in some of them, as an essen il prop to existing governments. Me acholy is the condition of that people hhoe government can he sustained only ya system which periodically transfers mrrge amounts from the labor of the many the coffers of the few. Such a system incompatible with the ends for which ur republican government was instituted. inder a wise' pokey, thme debts contracted s our revolutibon and during the war of 842, have been happily extinguished. ly a judicious application of the revenues, ot required for other necessary purposes, tis net doubted that the debt which has rown out of the circumstances of the last ew years may be speedily paid off'. I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the atire restoration of the credit or the gene al governm'ent of the Uniown, and that of nany of the State,. Happy would it-be or, ihe indebted States if they were freed rom their liabilities, many of which were inautiously contracted. Although the tvernment of the Union is neither in a egal tmor a moral sense bound for the lebte of te States, anrd it would be a vio ation ofour compact of Union to assume hem, yet we cannot but feel a deep itnte 'et in seeing alf the States meet their lia militie., and pay off their just debts, at the riest practicable period. That they ill do so, as soon as it can be done with. nt imposing too heavy burdens on their itizens,there is no doubt. The sound, n,al1 ma hanorsable feelina ofin theneopl of the iodebted States, tanuolbe questibot ed; and we are happy to perceive a set tied disposition on their part, -as their abil ity returns. after a season of unexan-pled pecuniary embarrassment; to pay off all just demands and to acquiesce in any rea sona1ble measure to accomplish-.tbat ob ject. One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practicat adminis tration of the government; consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws, and the levy of taxes necessary for the support of government. In the general proposition that ino more money shall be collected than the necessities of an econ6mical ad ministration shall require, all parties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the ahence of right in the government to tax one section of country, or one class of citizens, of one occupation, for the mere proIt of another.--Justice and sound policy ftrbid the -federal government to Toster one branch of indusrry t he Jetri meat of another, or to cherish interests of one portion to the injury "61 another portion or our tommon count ' I have heretofore declared to my 'fe-wcitikens tha,. in "my judgment it is th 'uty of the government to extend, as (a it may be- practicable to do so, by-w revenue laws, and all other means wila -its pow er, fair and just protection to l great interest of the whole Union erbracing a, riculture, manufactures. the iriechanic arts, commerce and navigation." I have also declared'my opinion to lneb"in favor ora tarifffor revenue," and tHe "in ad justing the details of such a tafl, I have sanctioned such moderate diserillainatiug duties as would produce the am'ount of revenue needed, and, at the same time, aford reasonable incidental proieiliou to our home industry ; and that I *is "op posed to a tariff for protection merely, and not for revenue." The power "to lay and colled taxes duties, imposts and excises," was an indes pausable one to be counteredon- the fede ral government, which without it would posses no means for providing for its own support. In executing this power by levy ing a tariff of duties for the support of governent the raising of revente should be the.object and protection the facident. To reverse this principle,.., and inake pro tection the object and revetnue tinbe fident, would be to inflict manifest injustire upon all other than the protected interests. In levying duties for revenue, it is doubtless proper to make such discriminations with t the revenue principle, as will afford incidental protection to our home interests. Wirhin the revenue limit, there is a dis cre;ion to discriminate; beyond that limit, the rightful exercise of the power Is not conceded. The incidental protection af forded to our home interests by disctimina tions, within the revenue range, it is belie ved will be ample. Iz making discrimni nations, all our home interett should as far as practicable, be equally protected. The largest portion of our people are agri culturalists. Others are employed ic matiufactures, eommerce, naivgatioo, and the ir echatie art. They Are all engaged in their respective pursuits, and their joint labors constitute the national or home industry. To tax one branch or this home industry for the betient of another; would be unjust. No one of these interest can rightfully claim an advabtage over the otheres, or to be en richedl by impoverisning the others. All are equally entitled to the fostering care and protection of the giuvernment. In exercising a sound discretion in levying discriminating duties withiti the limits prescribed, care should be taken that it he done in a mannr not to benegit the wveal thy few, at the expense of the toilling mil lious, by taxing lteelt the lukuries of life, or articles of superior quality and high price, which can only be cnsumed by the wealthy ; and highesut the necessaries of life, or articles of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass of our people must consume- The bursiens of government should as far as practicable, be distributed justly and equally among all classes of our population. These gsa ral views long entertained on this subject, I have deemed it proper to reiterate. It is a'subject upon which conaictidg inter eseand occupation are supposed to exists, and a spirit of mutual concession and compromise in adjusting its details should be cherished by every part of our wide spread country as the only means* of pre serving harmody anid a cheerful acquies cence of all in the operation of our reve nue laws. Our patriotic citizens in every part. of'the Union will readily submit to the paymnent of such takes asishall be needed for the support of their government, whether in peace or in war, if they are so levied as to distribute the burdenh as equ ally as possible among them' The republic of Teaas has runde known ber desire to come into one Union, to form a part of o'ur confedetacy, and enjoy with us the blessings of liberty, secured and guaranted by our constitutiom Treins was once a part of our country-was un wisely ceded away to a foreign power-is now independent, and possesses an un doubted right to .diapose of a part or the whole of her territory. and to merge her sovereignty, as to separate aird indepen dent State, in ours. I congrmulate my country that, by an act of the late Congress of "e United 8tates, the assent of t1iis goversament has been given to the feuntion and it only remains for the two countries to agre. upon the terms, to conlsutet~ an object so important to both. I regard the question of annexation as belor.gtng exclusively to the United States and Texas. They are independent pow ers, competent to contract; asd foreign nations have no right to interfere with them,or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not seem to appreciate the true character of our governtpent. Our Union is a confederation of indepen dent States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To en large its limits, is to be extend the domin ions of peace over additional territories and increasing millions. The wmorld has notbing to fear from military amnbition in our government. While the chief magis trate and the popular branch of Congress are elected for short terms by the suff'rages of those million who must, in their own persons, bear all the burdens ando:nieeries of war, our government cano be other wis t.han acific Foreign powers shontd therefore, look on the annexation of Tex as to the United States, not as the -.con quest of a nation seeking to extend lie dominions by arms and violence, but a the peaceful acquisition ofa territory onc her own, by adding another member t our confederation with. the consent of iha memberJ'thereby diminishing the chance of i'ar. and opening to them new and ev er-increasing markets for their products To Texas the reunion is Important because the strong protecting arm of .)u Government would be extended over he and the vast resources of her fertile soi and genial climate would le spedily de veloped; while the safety of New Orlean and our whole south western frontie against hostile aggression as well as th, interests of the whole union would be pro moted by it-. In the earlier stages of our national ex istence, the opinion prevailed with some that our system of confederated State could reit oper'ate successfully over an ex tended territory, and serious objection have, at different lim'es been made to th enlargement of our boundaries. -Thes objections were earnestly urged when w acqoired Louisiana. Experience ha shown that they were not well founded The title of numeraus Indian tribes to vas tracts of country has been extinguisled New States have been admitted into thi Union. New Territories have been crea ted. and ourjurisdiction and laws extendei over them. As our population has expan ded the Union has been cemented an strengthened. As our boundaries hav< been 'nlarged and our agricultural popu laion has been spread over a large surfaci our federative system has acquired addi tional strength and security. It may wel be doubted whether it would he'in greate danger of ovethrow, if our present popu lation were confined to the narrow limit of the original thirteen States, than it is noy that they are sparsely settled over a mon extended territory. It is confidently be lieved that' our system may be safely ex tenled, the bonds of our territorial limits and that, a it shall be extended, the bondi of our Union, so far from being weakene< will become sisonger. None can fail to see the danger of oui safety and future peace, if Texas remaini an independent State or becomes an all: or dependency of some foreign nation mon powerful than herself. Is there one atnon; our citizens who would not prefer perpet ual peace with Texas, to occasional wars which so often occur between bordering in dependent nations? -Is there one wh< would not prefer free intercourse witir her to highduties o:: all our products and man ufactures whiui enter hei ports or cross he frontiers? Is -there one who would no prefer an unrestricted communication witt her citizens, 'o the frontier obstructione which must occur if she remains out of a Union? Whatever is good or evil in thf local institutions of Texas, will remain het own. whether annexed to the United State. or not. None of the present Slates wil be responsible for them. a;ny more that they are for !ocal institutions of each other Trhey have confederated t.ogether for cer tain specified objects. Upon the 'sam principle that they would refuse to form perpetual union with Texas because of hei lotal institution our forefathers would have teen prevented from forming our preseul Union? Perceiving no valid oibjection tc the measure,- and many reasons for itu adoption vitally affecting the peace, the safety and the prosperity of both countries I shall, on the broiad principfc which for med tho- basis and ~produced the adoptiotl of our constitntion. and not in any uarrow~ spirit of sectional policy, endeavor by all constitutional, honorable, and appropriate means, to consumate the expressed will ol the people of the United States, by the annexation of TIexas to our Union at the earliest practicable period. Nor will it become in a less degree mj duty to assert and maintain, by all consti tutionfal tmeans the right of the United States to thaat portion of our territory w hicit lies beyond the Rocky mouutaius. Ouai title to the country of the Oregon ts "cleai an unquestionable;" and already ore onw people preparing to perfect that title by oc cupying it with their wives and children. But eighty years ago, our population was confined on the west by the ridge of th( Alleghanies. Within that period-withiL the lifetime, I might say, of some of my hearers-our people, increasing to im any milliops, have filled the easterd vally 01 the M~lississippi; advent urnously ascenided the Missouri to its head springs, and are already e.mgaged in establishing the hies sings of self government in valleys ol whticli the rivers flow to the Pacifie. -The world beholds the peaceful triumphs of thie in dustry of our emigrants. To us belongs the duty of protecting them adequately 'herever they may be upon our soil. The jurisdiction of our laws, and the benefits of our republican institutionis, should be extended over them in thme distant region! which they have selected for their homes, Thbe increasing faculties of intercourse will easily bring the States. of which the for mation in that phart of our territory cannoi be long delayed, within the sphere of out federative Uniou. In the mean titme, every obligation imposed by treaty or conventiun. al stipulatious should be sacredly respect ed. In the trianagement of our foreign rela tiotns, it will be my aim to observe a care ful respect for the rights ol'ot her nations, while our own will be the subject of con stapL watchfulness. Equal and exact jus tice should characterize all our intercourse with foreign countries. All alliances hav ing a iendency tajeopard (he welfare and honor of our country, or sacrafice any one of the national interests, will he studiouslj avoidedi~ anid yet no opportunity will he lost to cultivate a favorable understanding with 'foi-ign gover'menmts, by which ou navigation and- commerce niay be exten ded,, and the ample products ofour fertile soil, as- well as the mhanufactures ofocut skillful artisans, find a ready market and remunerating prices in foreign counttries In taking "care that the laws he faith fully executed," a strict performance 01 duty will be exacted from all public oficern Fro~m those officers, especially, who arc charged with the collection and disburse ment of the ptablic revenue, wv,ill promp and rigid accountalfility be required. An1 cnlpable failure or delay on their part tc account for the moneys initrusted to them at the times and in the manner requiree by la'v will, in every instne, tearrinate the oflicial connexion of such .defaulin-g officer with the government. Although, -in our coutitry, the chief magistrate must almost of necessity be chosen by a party, and stand pleilged to' its principles and measures,'yet in his offi t cial action, he should not be the President of a part only, but of the whole peopLe of the United States. While he executes the laws with animpartial hand, shrinks. from no proper responsibility, and faithfully r ca-rriest out in the executive department of r the government the principles and policy I of'hose who have chosen him, he should* not he uniindfni that our fellow-citizens who have difered with him in opinion are r entitled to the rull and free exercise of ) their opinions and judgments, and that the - rights of all are entitled to respect and re gard. Confidently relying . upon the-aid. and assistance of the co ordinate departments - i of the government in conducting our pub - lie affairs, I enter upon the discharge of i the high duties which have been assigned me by the people. again humbly supplica ling that Divine Being who has waiched over and protected our beloved. country from its infancy to the present hour, to continue Ilis gracious benedictions upon T usthat we may continue to be i prosperous ar and happy people. cc .- fo AD'DRESS TO T3E SENATE, at IDLLIVERED BY 'THE I Mon. GEOBGE X. DALLAS, da VICE'-PRESIDENT OF TBE tiNTED' STATEs, ru ON TAEING THE OATH 1OF OFFICE, MARCH 4, 1845. b th SENATohs-TI directing the Vice-l resi- re I dnt to preside at the deliberations of this a body, the C'onstitution of our oountry as- ca signs to him a sphere and duty alike emi- w nent and grateful. Without any of the! cares of real power, with none of the re sponsibilities of legislation, except in rare conjectures, he is associated with the dig- bi nified Delegates of Republican Sovereign- h lies; he is osted by the entire American W Peoplein your confederated council, partly, m it would seem, as an organ of freedom's at fundamental principle oforder,,and partly, at perhaps. as a mere symbol of that more m popular and "more perfect Union," on which depend the blessings of our peace, independence and liberty. His mission, tranquil and- unimposing, is yet noble in its origin and objects, and happy as well a as proud in its relations to you. t No one, gentlemen, can appreciat'e mare It highly or recog'nise inore'delerentially than W does the incumbent of this chair the pow- w ers, privileges, and- rules or forms of the s, Senate of the United States. To main tain .these unimpaired and unrelaxed he feels to be an official duty, second in im- l pressive obligntion only to his consiitd-di tional allegiance. To their exercise the Republic owes incalculable good, and il through them has been gradually achieved . a wide-spread fame for wisdom, justice. 'n moderation, and efficiency, unsurpassed Ci by any assemblage of si snet in fortner Ii -or piresent times. A calm and *ejl ad, RI justed system of action in thik Chamber. carefully devised and steadily pursued by those who have preceded us in it, has in-- of' deed largely contributed to theundoubted co success of our great political experiment., ni Instability, haste, procrastination. discourt- mi esy and indecision, habitually discote nanced and banished, leave in undisturbed supremacy here the powers of' enlightened reason and the vigor of' practtcal pat ri o tism. Our coantry reaps thence solid. and stubstantial advaniages in her policy, prosF pects andit renowt. Pm Tht citizen whhm it hais pleased a peo- in' plie to elevate by their suff'rages from the 'TE -pursuits of private and domestic life, may grr bei evince his grateful sense of' the honor yel thus conferred liy devoting his faculties, the moral and intellectual, resolutely to their m service, This I shall do ; y.et with a diffi- t deuce unavoidable to one conscience that e almost every step itn his appointed path is be to hitt new and uniried. and sensible how dia dlangerous a contrast most occuar in the a transfer of power froti practised to un- litt practised hands. In observing. however, mt upon1 this floor i niumber ,mf those experi to euced and skilful stateetnen on w~horn the abi nation justly -looks with pride and reliance, fu I am assured that there cah be but Iitle danger of public disadvantage from imad-- etr vertencies or mistakes, which their coon- bt6 eel may readily avert or rectify. And thus, pri gentlemen, while aiming, rrankcly and im- sta partially, to exercise the functions of an the unaccustomed station in thie s.pirit of the to Constitution, for the enlarged add lasttng we purposes of a revered cosuniryv ahd withte sincere good will towards all, lintay ther- e ish the encouiaging hope of being able, fot with the assent of an indulgent Providence, IL at once to perfortm my duty and to attract 5 your confidence. - cia -- -----en C2orrespondence of the N. Y. .Exzpress, ta, WisBINUrun, March 1. 1845.. it is with deep regret that I inform you w that Gen. Almonte, the Mexican Minister. is only waiting for President Tyler to sign the Texas Annexatiotn Resolutiotus, iS and to make the usual proc'lama tiont. which pa will soon be dlone, to demand his pass ports w and snake his protest, and to retire and ti breake up all ojicial relations tl the Gotv- si ernment of the United Ssates. ' .Gi Desp-atchies were forwvarded by the le Mexican delegation yesterday, by express',' to New Orleanis, to be sent to the city of be Mexico informing the Goirernment of the er passage of the Texan kesolutious.- s Private letters from the highest soutces fat from that city, state that the instant the intelligence is receited there, the Govern ment of Mexigco will declare war and issue eli letters of miarque and reprisal. Letters also received from Mexico of the -, latest date, state that the prostration 'ofOt Santa Anna has reconciled. all parties, arid that.the most influential men of both Bi sections are opposed to the Cabinet, that Di Santa Anna wvill not be executed, hut that Pt he- wtll be banished. and.that e will re- C tire to the Islands of Cuba. It. is represented that the greatest en- Al thusiasm prevails. both with the people D and the Government, that Texas shall tnt Ci be touched b~y the United States, and on W this question all parties are agreed and Jo united. -Ft Gen. Almonte has been dangerously ill, and is still cotnfitned to his house.. He will leave the city as sotm as his health will Ipermit, propably within five days, for N. vmrk. B< EDGEFIELD C. H. WED.NESDAY, mARCH 12, 184 . r We cil( cling to the Pilars of the -Tvinle of Our Liberties, and if itmist fall, we witl per. ish amidst the Ruins." The Court of Common Pleas commenced session at this place, on Monday last. His onor Judge FRos-r presiding. PRIE.DS OF THE ADVERTISER READ Tms! Court is now in session, and ihe Merchants, ivern-keepers, professional men, and others, a very busily engaged in making money and flecting old debts. In the general scramble lucre, 'who remembers the Printer ? We satisfied, that some. good, honest fellows, ill not forget him, but will make his heart .nce for joy at the clink of the Coin, and the. stleof the bank bills as they deposit them in s purse and pocket. bdok. For this purpose, e printer of the Advertiser, has put in good pair his old. greaey wallet, pd has boreoed Dapacions, leather pocket book, in which he n store away all the money that his friends ill give him. Never'fear, good friends, that s-wallet or. pocket book will be filled tore etion. . If they should be, he has huge eecbes pockets whidh will hold half of the Ils of the Hamburg Bank. It is wonderful to laat extent ourpockets may bedistended; when oney is put in them! Come, -then friends, id pay up, and We will chronicle your names;. id show to die world, that you are punctual en, and love to settle your debts. We receive.d on Saturday morning, the ambirg Republican, Extra, containing an count of the Ceremony. of inaiguiation of a President of the United States, and alsothe augural Address of Mr. Polk. The extra ursent in advance of the regular mairastd ts the only paper which we received on itur.day, t1 at contained the Inaugural. The Medical College of Georgia held its an al commencement at Augusta, Go., on the i instant. Thirty-three gentlemen ware ad ited to die practice of' Medicine. of % hom ie were from South Carolina. ' Tt.e follow. Iare their names:-A. F. Anderson, W-. L. ichran. W. H. Davi,., J. M. Galphin, James 11, J. U. Jenninga. J. W. Morague, H. W. itherford and T. A. B. Wakefield, hil Roads in th United States.-The amount capital now invested in Rail Roads in tise intry, is said to amount to about one hundred Iion or dollars. There are many thousand les or l;pad already- completed, ana many ire Roads in. proaress. I'ns~ Moxtr.y Ros.--We have been ~fa red with the pertusal of the January and bruary ntumbers of the "Monthly Rose, a r iodical sustained by the present and former uiibcrs of the Albany Femle Academy." i. periodical is exceedingly neat in its typo. phhical executioh, and its .literary matter is y creditable to the contributors. Several of tirticles would reflect honor upon older and re experienced wvriters. Among other po effusions, will be found in the second numa , one entitled "Jlloa." founded upon an- In n tradition, of which an account is given-in ook called "A year in the Prairies." This le poem, is choice in its-dicuion,and has a sical flow in -its metre, which is pleasing the ear. Periodicals of a character' like the ve, must piroduce: we ihiink,.a beneficial et. .t upon the contributors its well as' the read 'rhey serve to expand the- mind and to ng into action, the faculties of those who are paring to play their' parts on life's great ;e. We are not amonig them who believe t devotion to literary pursuits, iwhen united gond cuommion sense, will prove injuriouas to mian. We think that a certain degree ofCat tion paDid to literature, :will not nfit a lady thie ordiniary and useful avocations of life, uties to her, as well as to one of the sterner wvill be a delightfnl solace in the many es and difficulties which she must neeesagrily ~ounter.- This will swee'ten the dup of bit. ness which she is too often called to drink.d e would be pleased to see a periodical some iat resembling the "Monthly Rose," pub. ted in our olvn State. We know that there among. our ladies sufficient talent for this rpose. We- think that public patronage auld be sufficietnt to sustain a peuiodical of a character in one of our cities. Some years ce, "The 'Rose," under' the cared'f Mrs. man, one of' our most gifted ladies in Char ton, charmed us with its aweeiness and its tuty. -It has ceased to bloom, and ha. with d away. But may we not see another Gewer' ring up in our soil, and, difue its 6'rgrance - and wide in our State. (7Gi The following is the result of the ection for Colonel of -the 9th Regiment aluda,)8.;:C. blilitia; which.was field tbe 7th instant. BoDENtGHT. CrIaRT. tea's, - 91 22, iwatt's, 115 12 - ~dgett's, 122 27 letruan's, 55 -2 rry's, .'- 33' 42 len's, 241 50 >rn's, 10 42 ilbirethi's, 18 -31 alker's.. 20 ~ 67 a Mays's, 21 71 ',12 49 521 - 43 . 435 muknight's Maj. 26