University of South Carolina Libraries
GOVELNOIr A MSSAGE, No. -. The following Oessage was read by the Fxec utive Secretary, Col. BEAUFORT T-. _WArrs EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Columbia, November 26th, 1844. aluiaaf ersothnate and. House of Representatives: In my last annual Message to your prede cessors, l.oangratulated them on the ap parent daWAbf a new era in our prosperi ty, whi-egL e5tdmight be permanent. The-curre erbadreached, and I a m hap py to say;, has' continued to maintain a sound conditji4n. Ggmmerce, trade, and nanufactures,. were flourishing, as they yet flourish in most parts of the civilized dairld;iand it'wssmiaturalfto supifoss'ttra agriculture must also revive. But w.e hive been disappodinted. AgainsLihe pressu ii of cais' everyWhere adopedi' encourage,- riantifactures, agriculture. seena detined- tos'truggle:in vain A-a as ilte'lad~s. are chiefly: directed hgainst the-manufacturing mupremencv of Eng land. they-fall'with peculiar: weight upon that great.agriculturalstaple on which our prosperity-depends.. -The:price. of -cotton throughout the world i& and must for-our time, in -all probability, - continue to he regulated'ly'the prices in:Liverpool- Its' value in - that:'market depends: upon the condition of the cotton manufacturers -in' England; and the tariff laws ofothercouta trier, which check the foreign demand for English cotton goods,-must' necessarily lower the price of the Taw - material i' Liverpool, white-it rises'nowhere 'else; but on the contrary falls everywhere witb tie fall in that'great nart,through:which passes two-thirds of the crop of the whule world: No matter, where.~coiton manufacturers flourish,:unless in -Etigland, cotton cannot hear a fair price; and every attempt to. build them up artificially elsewhere is at immediate cost of the cotton grower. Did they naturally spring , up under a system of universal free trade, and in . wholesome competition with England. they would in dicate an actual increase of :consumption, and- prove highly beneficial to us.-But tariff laws, though they may alter the channels of trade, and in doing so produce as they invariably.do much misel:ief,-have no power to increase consumption. On the contrary, by increasing the manufac turers prices where the, are in force, they necessarrily diminish it, and -thereby-de preciate the raw material. Such laws may take from one and bestow upon another, to the injury of the whole, but they cannot create wealth. How long the present state of things will continue, and in what it will terminate, cannot be foreseen; but the fadt appears to be clearly .established,-. for the-flrst time .in the history of the world, that by the skill of political jugglery, trade, commerce, and mannfactures may be made to flourish, and a sound currency exist, while agriculture, the acknowledged mother of them all,'-aud particularly that branch of agriculture which furnishes them with their life-blood, is sunk to the lowest ces, during the past year, amounts to three hundred and six thousand eight hundred & thirtylone dollars and sixty-three cents, ($306.831-63). The expenditures during the same period have reached the sum of threehundred and forty-seven thousand seven hundred and four dollars and sixty. three cents. t$347,704 63); of which. however, fifty-six thonsand four hundred and eighty-three dollars and seventy-three cents, ($56,48:3 73), have been applietd to the redtuctiotn of the pricipal of the public debt. The current income has therefote exceeded the ordinary e-xpernses of the State by the sum of fieen thousand six hundred and ten dollars atnd twenty-three cents, ($15,610 23). The balance in the Treastury at the close of the year, (a por tion of it however, subject to undrawn ap propriations) amounted to seventy thou sand five hundred . and six dollars and fifty-nine cents, ($70,506 59), to which may be added about eight thiou-satd dol lars, being the unexpended balance ol the contingent funds placed in the hands of the Executive. The direct, taxes levied and collected for the use of the St ate, amounted this year to two 'hundred and seventy-seven thousand five hundred and sixty-two dol lars and forty cents, ($277.562 40). And during the same period there has been also collected from the 'people .the additional sum of one,. hundred and otne thousanid four hundred and twenty-eight dollars and ninety-t wo cents, ($101,428 92); and du'. ring the year i843, one hundred and three' thousand sevent hundred and twenty-nine dollars and ninety-two cets, ($102,729 92),'or about an average' of thirty-seven per cent. of the State taxes annually, which has been assessed by the Commis sioners-of the Poor, of Public Buildings, and of Roads and Bridges, in the differet Districts. 'I have had accurate accounts kept of the taxes thus levied and collected for tbiese years, that [ might apprize you of their great amount, and call your atten tiotnto the 'propriety of providing for a more strict accountability for their appro priatioc than has been hitherto exacted. 'These Commissioiris have been required' to report, some of them.to the Comptroller General,'and some tonthe Clerks of the Courts; and. accoutdt with , them for the monies received and~expendedi; but 1 am not aware' that it is regularly done. If it wasrequired of the Commissioner to pub lish'such ieporni, and circulate them thro' iheir respective District, so that the people snight.ee-iuformed of t he, purposes to which' teir money wasapplied, -it would be-noth ig more thant is proper, and con' nistentwit the spirit 'of our institutions. htis th'se right of every citizen to know for -what he is taxed ; tojudge of the proprie ty of it;'aad to be assuredathat the money - has been used with discretiorn and. econo my.' And it is a righti which-cannot b too jealously watched oveytr, b - 1 recommendled to the~ las:> Legislature to take speedy and effective measures I~rI <th' yiyent of the public- debt, then'a mdaing to-three and a hatlf millions of .dollar,~ *350,000,) the interest:' on~ which, ineliger. harges, exceeded ode hundred andtdnety thousand dollar. per annunm($9,600)-l1 proposed that the "Bank' of the 'State- should be directed to redeemi itAt, the ratoxqf f.ve hundred thodsand.doxllars. a year. 'An. nt :was - ..-I - the payment of tl:e instalints -f the qefalisWdue o the..irst -of January, 15 and' 6,ido.iiigtt Iii he tiidred ahi fifty thousanddollars, elie r the ':l*w6 l' is fe e erl, to be cancelled, the evidenes of Stat debi in its possession, to the amount of 400 and -15 thousand two bundredand-seventy, (8415,270.) Of the evidences of State debt held by the Bank, one hundred and sixtyi-three thousand four hundred & sixty-. eight dollars ($163,468) fell due in 1845 and 6. ao that the whole amount of debt, the liquidation of which was provided for by the act of last session, was eight hun dred and one thousand eight hundred and two dollars, or about four hundred thousand per annum for two years. I am happy to.say,.thqt..the Blank surrender.ed to the Compiroller General, in January last, and that he cancelled four hundred and seven teen thousand and-eight dollars and twen fjg ents~ of the public debt, being svoigthn rmore ihan was required of ii; d I 4pt doubt that it will..provide or the put ymert of the intalments of1845. they become due. twilnor oun :ahe reasons wich idu'ed uike to, your. prode cesirs- the reco dations referred to. They. ie stAt e * ianmy last:an nual 6 epatf - outd' however,-to saytbat in.fg hs curred since to chauge tieiopjimas6pressed.- As far'is egards ie ~ Pievident of that instituitor in a repr ti to the Leeiari''near tbe close e last ses ston, has patied in suchA Prg colors its :power,.and the evdes. tg cause. 0s jusily to. igerese the.,pproa.on9 previ oly..iit.poi Iat subject, .cttng to tht fclcioi. and. paye t olrb and a half uiilliods,.wi~h a capital ore than fourmillions, a .~reularf n du7rin# seven yearshe saya bat.."so iprgeagered itor goig- at once. into the cour,ts, Would alarm all other ianks and inidivilalcred itorq, compe theinin a .measure to sus pend theusu'al acommodauiots ., drawi:.t teir circulation, contract .their liusiness, and also sie in eery case where .they are distrustful of iheir debis . Their custom ers, thus checked. and p ese4 would in turn sue those indebtedto them, and an universal state of- aloroi- would per vade the countir. Th':docjkets of .the Ihc courts would be cr oded it h cases, and the Slieriffi %iould , ,transfer .vasti amounts of propeity ait . icaeulale sacri fieest zhe value- of, all other property would ie. greatlydepreciated, and slaves be run of, o m 1apy1. of .them. bought up by' the.people o oihierSiates, 'and, would be4transferred to' improve their condition, leaving heavy.taxation to this Scate, ind less property to bear it. Lands abandoned and houses. deserted'by a ruined and bank rupted peoile, -would everywherue remain the monurmeuts (if an erroneous and:preci pitiae legislation.", Irauch disastrous consequences . would arise from a liquidation not complete, and protracted throu-h a period of seven years, how much devta 'x the perfect manage. ment of the Bank, and to \vtax- : um totn wotc ifchasnibiatdimmu nity, and which, involved as- it is in the vortex of trade, may overtake it suddenly when the people least expect iad..arf worst. prepared for a catastrophe so terrible. Iv it wise for us to slumber on such a vol cana ? Itoes not a just regard for the safety and welfare of the community . re quire that efficientmeasures should be ta ken to rernovefrotm it, at 'he earliest pos sible period, an engine so destructive, whbich fraud, accident, or oversight, might at atty mnomnt p)ut in fatal operation ?. It is at least worthy your consideration, whe ther we are to inctur the risk of it-forever ; and if tnt, as its charter has but twelve years to run, there is little time to be lost since it cannot be closed up in seven with out desolatin~g the State. Th'le Bank of South; Carolina, and the State Bdnk, have accepted the- provisions of the acet of 18401, and the suits against them have bien withdawn. - It affords tme great pleasure to inform you that t he tnijitia of the State are cam pletely organized antd are. for militia, in excellenit training. There are few officers of .any grade wh6 are not familiar' with, and competent to instruct the men in the dillieranut schools of in fantry tactics. and in camp du,ies. The artillery on the Coast is in flne condition, and t he calvary throug out the State numerous, well mounted, and well drilled in the sword exeercise, and the manoeuvres appropriate to tbat arm of service. The whole nuimber of the militia amonts to near fifty-five 'thousand officers and men. There are now in the State arsenals, itt order for service, ten thousand five hun dred muskets, rifles, and carhines, one hundred and two pieces of artillery; thirty thousands pounds of powder;~ and twenty five thousand pounds of lead, besides-a large quantity of b alls and cartridges. The other nmihtary- stores and eqaipmlents are in proportion. The nutmber. of public arms in the lhands'of the:militiaiannot easily be ascertainsed, hul.if...i...of five thousand musikets & riflbs,aadt wenty: -five cannon mostly brass. The State may therefore he regarded 'as prepared to aims at any moment, nearly or quiite:one, half of ther whole milita- force.tandto furaish thetm with ammunition for perhaps a cam paign, without incurring any-new. espense while the men she catn bring luto -the- field are probably better .qualifi~ i.to render eilicient - service ia nyctznsoldiery in the world. And it will cost nothinghbut your firm adherence to the presitmilita ry system it iaintain her-in Ii s'position for the future%. -. IIn fact the mnilitary 'expenses. of the prese 'sstem greatly extended..h'y a chane whice- can be 'readily effected. Tjers tare- no good :reasons why ,'there s'hottld be two Arsenalse ins the State, or that they should be plae'eat the two most pxpensie points in it-Charleston and Columbia. A -few hundred stands of arms, given to charge of the City'Gotilabils of these places,- would be all that could be required, -if siadeed,-they woould be ioeces saryt for their' protection in an emergency; whilaeinduch an .event the arsenals con .tainiag all our military -stores, unprovidesi as they aredi~thfa guard' capable o hiford: inj thetslightest.pro'tiot. to them,'?ubut ;fecessarily fall intb the-ieds of any active me~ Prudence, thaerforenicjteashs .s. irsenals should be removed from theltoca tions whib-'hey iamy be subjected to sur prises, !ind established at some.spot in the' interior, less accessible' abic at the same time cheiper.and mnorehealthyf Such a spot might be found on one or the other branch of the rail-road, which affords such facilities for.- transportation that a posi-2 ti('in anywhere upon it would be as con venient'for military pnrposes as at Char leston or Columbia. The sale of the ar senal and magazind bildings and grounds at these places, would I hav' little doubt. furnish ample funds. for erecting a brick arsenal and extensive wooden barracks in the country, without requiring A dollar from the Treas'ry. - The coajsohdation of the two schools would enable :ou to dis pense .with one set of Professors andother officers, which, with the cheapness of liv ing and the number of pay students that might be expected if the situation was known 'to-'b perfectly healthy, wild .in. all probability reduce the'expenditure to one-half the sum now appropriated to their support. That amounts, at present, to about twenty-eight' thousand dollars. In suggesting this plan, I by no means desire to be understood as recommending any chaage as regards theschool system. ' It is reat .improvenient on that of a hired' g'ard, anid the cadets are as'eflicient pro tectorabrthe arsenals as the guards were; nithrbeic, anything'more than nomtinal ly so. The cadets utnited iii one body. and increased by at unlimitted titmber of pay students. would alhr-J aonple proidcttou; while so finea school, at a haalthy location in' the coiinrry, would induce a large pro portion of the rising generation to ptepare themselves for future service, both milita ry and civil by embracing its advantages. The -policy 'he-retofore pursued, ofrepair ing'daiaged arms, is questionable. They are,. for the most part, not worth the ex pense. -The appropriation of t wo thoas and dullais per annum, for repairing arms and arsenal purposes, m y, I think, in any event, be henceforth judiciously cur" tailed ond-half. I iransmit you a report made to me by our very efficient Adjutant Gen'eral, whose recommendations are entitled to your se rious attention; and- also interesting Re ports from the military schools. Permit me to renew to you a'recom mendation which -I made to your prede eessois, to establish a central academy at some- suirabl3 point in every District in tlie'State, with an endowment of a thous and dollars a year to each. ryou are' unwilling to aband'n the free-school sys tem, and appropriate the funids to this ob ject, I see no reason why twenty-eight thousand dollars additional might'not be aunually devored to - this important pur pose.' Our expenditure would then'be far short of that made by tnany of the' States in this' Union, and in none.of them is a more, liberal one requirdd than- in ours, We have' but a few well conducted acade mies, and these, as-soon as they acquire any reputation, are inconveniently crowd ed; and depending as they do for eir suc a itpon tbe- cidential circolnsitance of appreetated, ihey- isPTdabdispense their advaniages to ihe same degree, for a length of time. * Ou-. common schools are, for .the most part, a disgrace to an erlightened people. A system of-permooaae-acade mies, liberally endowed, onb of whieh would be within'the reach'ofevery citizen conducted by such men as your appropri ation, and the tuition funds would attra'ci and' teaching uniformly a cotirse prescri hd by the Trustees of the CoL.ege, would produce a revolution iu tihe elu'caton of the State in a few years. Thananual ex penditure .would not equal tiat now in curred for military purposes. NVhile I amn far from censuring that experditure, and trust that the apathty of a long peace may not he allowed to delude u'- ipto false se curity, still it is certain that,uuder God, the, world is now mainly govo'ned by the force of intellect; and ii is tle duty of a wise Government to bestow'iis highstat care uponi the mnental culture o ias people. We have expended milliotns for internal I improvements, which 'have neer yielded a dollar of clear revenue to th TLre-asury, nor perhaps brought a valuabe emigrant or preserved an useful ettizen b us. The interest of a single half tmilliozuppropria-v ted to the establishmtent nadaupporiofr central aqademies, wvill give aa:imnpulse to education which in a short tist) would he felt in every artery of our po tical, mner cbantile, and agrictnitural sysms. You i -have, liberally and 'wiselj projded for the e education of .the more wvealty by estab- c lishing a College, which ha 'doine. and ri continues to' do more for thtS tate than c every other> .corporatio)n 'pt together, i within tier limits; and you bitow ann-. ally 'a larje sum for the mnenth implrove ment of the poor, whidh 1 1ish I could say' produced coresilonding beefias. But i for that large and siibstantiapody, codf' b stituting. bere,. as i does in di coutntries, -tI le 'broad and solid found'fitoc'which 01 it rests 'the frame work. of.,plitical a system-that mid'dik lssK, ni not b take advantage'qfjpgur I'ree scos and cannot converuig ;take aden4tage'. ol you,. qo,lggou'btave doninuothing- iv These cetrial apadenes wouldieet their, va wishes,.or asfleur thefr 'wants. The ne- ie cesity'of turning your mnqst serus atten- pl tion toeducdatioit pressing; a~l it is in- ti calculiably im'portant. We at engaged ai in the cxpe'rirment'ofGovername'ssimnple a and federative,'upon prancipless new as they -ae grnd;'.t dpropose tsolve the re reat" poliuca ~o nm of hoffr Free- m dom and Security'are compatit!. $eit 'at years-which.consitifute but a btatportion' e of a nation' 'cycle-have nopoavinced the, wor'lil, 'nor wholly satisfiedurselves- ~ This momentouaqiquestion yet resins, a ill g our tititios:endurse? Theya vepas sod to iliree ge'tieratia'ns-the may fail in iifth'e fourtjior filh,'or tenth hley cor- er tailly will, fail, and .with 'thet the' beet ve hopes of mankind, unless the tm anious Oil and unretntted care it b'esto'd o the U education offif-se on whom it wlevoilve i to sustain them. "Ignorance ii free in bC stisttios connot co-exist. Aignoraut ~ pople can never, tong hiave any oerghan op a doipsostic governin'ent .They ~e not 6t aci to .bie fre, ad though they. mrapossibly pie acieve, they cmabi maintain str. liber ha ty. 'It'is an 'old a'nd'irite'saggainat the nI prce. of freedom is eternal vigiace.' it no s neverthele~s ~ts; rotiidgtrn t is ~~ uually interpreted rot mean ththo'peo- c is important. But in this country, wter the : eople are truly and practically the source of all power, the applicationmrnual go farther. They must watch-the mselves They must guard against their own preju dices and passions; against local and oar row views; against party spirit; iheir prov erbial love of change; in short, they mus guard against their own ignorance. whic is the fruitful parent of all these-dangers and which will of herwise.speedity degrad4 them, from the rank of a people to that o a populace. In obedience to a resolution of the last see sion, I have had the repairs made in the Secre tary of State's offic", which were indispensabi neressary for the preservaition lf.ti recor.ds There are still many improvements .whicl might be made in that office. and also in thi Survevor General's, that would be both usefu and coi'venient. The expense of them wa greater than.f felt authorized to incur, wi.thou censilting ie Legielature. I think it highli expedient that a Commissioner should be ap pointed to examine the condition-of these offi ces. and report to you in detail upon them. have heretofore recommended that all the Stat officers-should be consolidated at the seat o Government; that the Executive Departmen should be properly organized; that a stated sal ary should be given to the Secretary of State in eu of perquisites, which are now his onkl rompensation. tind that the Land Office shotik be closed. The 4xperience of another year ha monfirumed my opinion of the propriety and irn portance of these measures, and I suggest then agatin fur your consideration. The power of appoiitiig Notaries Publii has-been immnieinurtally exercised by the Exec ufive. I- can find nu law conferring that power nor can 1. indeed, find any miatute creating snc ami office. It is recognized in some acts, an( its authority is soimetimes specially limited ; bn none of tlein prescribe its powers and duties or fix its termn ot duration. The office -,rigina ted in the Civil Law, wa. handed down witl it to all modern nations, and probably has i other at'thority here than that derived fron usage. As it is held by hundreds in the State and is more and more sought after, I think-yoi would do well to legalize its existence, and rea ul'ite its appointment, powers. and tenure Much inconvenience, and sometimes seriou evils, arise from the ignorance o' the caninoi Mag istratesand their irregulat distribution ii the Disliiets for which they are conmissitied They are also undoubtedly too numerous. I one Magistrate, and only one, was appointei in each beat company in tte State, the numabei I apprehend, would be nufficient, the locatiol more convenient, and the chances o' procurin the most intelligent citizens io fill a station si responsible greatly increased. As, huwevei bu: few of the Magistrates cant be -expected t, be lawyers, or to have a law library at thei command, I believeait to be indispeisable ti the regular administration of ihe law withii their jurisdiction, that a at anual should be com piled and published,, by the authority of th State, explaining in a clear manner the pot ers and duties of' Magistrates, and prescrihin the proper lorms of proceedings ii their couru to which might be added a codificat.oi of th conmoni and statute laws, and reported deci ions with which it snecessary that they shoai be familiar. The expense ofsuch a work- wotl bear but a small pioporuon to its value to th people at large, as wel I as the Mapstrates. Th law strikes many of its severest bIows througl the agency of the common Magistracy; and i is but faiir that the huiblest as well as the higi est citizen should be dealt with by the sam rule. well defined atid thoroughly understuo elec'ting District officers, requires some amenie ment. In case of the death of tihe Clerk of th Couit, the mode of filing the va,:ancy is nc distinctly stated To prevent great and pres. 'ag inonvds,.ence arid loss, I have-been con pelled to nake an appointmnent under the ac of 110, which It was probably the intentioi of the Legislature of 1839 to supersede. It requisitions as regards the commissioning 0 duieriffis, are extremely incenvenient and bt Dertain, i' not incompatible. A tide to the Mlunut De ar born lands has beet at length acquired for the State, and it is recorn ded in the office of' the Secretary of istate, anc .t the Register of Alesne Conveyances in Lan easter District. Dupicates of the weights and measures es Lntabisheu by tue federal Govern~me,m have beet received. and depusitee with the Collector a! he Pont of Charlesten for safet keepibg, antil y'ou can maeke dispsition of- them. I transmit to you the supple'metntary roert if Mr. ituthin. our late able and inde'fatigable tate Agricultural and Geoloigical Surveyor, in consequence . of his resignation ol that sp. Pointment at thme close of the year, I offered it 0 31. Tuoiney. Esq. oh Virginia, an accotu: li-hed Geologist and Botanaist, Who a6accepted r. siiis very valuable' and 'interesting report is erewithmsubmnitted. .-.It has been-fo'and iampns ible to traverse every -portion of -the State vithin the year.. :Many inuportant. localities elnuined unexplored, and ulany require :o be isited again to render perfe.:t even a general iew of' the Geology of the State. I would not ecoinucend a minute and detailed goological arvey at the public expense. I do tnot think called for at tis'time, or likely, in the pres mit stats at' that science, to supersede the as essity of other surveys at no very remote p.. od ; but it is. due to science, and the character l' the State, that. since the survey has been istituted, it should be completed on-ths scale a which it. is commienced. That can piroba ly be done in ones year more, end'I recom iend its continuation forthat length of time. I know of -no; me~sarei better calculated mo naprove our agricultume ihan one which has ten heretof'ore seggested. to the Legislature e exemption of land from executions for debt, her than that contracted for its purchass. lI law was passed to-that .eff'ect, to go into-ape. non at a given time hereafter Iran perceive it little injury or..inconvenience that would Nlikely to result'fron't;-w-hile thme adlvantageit be~derive'd ae niasrdtiu eind impridnt. Ii otild enhance tliiilne 'dof" land. induce'ini. tatments in itfindiisareinab'tantialiarid--zx nsivimprovements of every kind. ltiIamaid 'obabfg check.:emigrationadiiusispcila. in and in manyways conducethttlyjligl d prsna*n sc-:of all our inshitutipns. .The bji'tleast worthiy 'of yoar ate'iiin: 1ca-iist 'omnit toliavite' yo to anriest osidertiion of feea fi i lation'of this State4th ~j'5 Fed ''i"Tr eatd. whch- have beeine highljy u'kil idimportant. The pruoedings oftths asion of Cangress form an epochr in o~ ry... Wjth the. events which precede4 r~d a circuumstsnces under which the Acto a*n seaa. called thme Compromise Act, wi a~s u are familiar. The act w'.as in f'cta ret ude between belligerent parties-wjhjfn their hands-solemnly-ratified byfUt it, Governient on the one .artand an. ntion of'the State of South Carob the aer, and deposited amonig tie es'of r co,untry..No treaty 'y-more' portnt n cliasacredly 'rohin., bound 'rself -'bta~t(rnine zeibbiirr toan uiiititntiti ressivt:Tar'iff.~inti'sderto lfa.a ions should besgradually'reduced hhfthu riodrand that after. the expiirtiaoi Ai,~e ~her ;Tariff should - again belevied thanwa ieasary to defray the .expenses of.uC9 mecal admstration of. .the Gayernment I that the rate of duties shosuld ii' ji evet thie emergency of war, exeebd twent pej' iat 'ad tialorem' Our State ?aifhfihlI '-4d - 7. eavurdens wic h~ad been imyosed uilion rl krenin t~sli~isitpiltosi reduce the Tarif t weiiyi' per cent -ittvald rem. or lower, irso much wasnot 'requisite for the support of .na economicaladministation. But instead of reducing them, the -rate-fr du. ties was increased-artully incresed toa I point higher than the Tj ih S;arolina had declaired null and v'o4 ithIn her limits in 1332; whichdeclaration ledtithe.Compromise Act. History rurnishei no i hitance ora grosser, or more insultink briach of aith,whileprhapis no law has ever been enacted by the regular gover ment of a civilized country, so subver sive of the rights and- destructive to the inter ests of any respectable 'portion.of iis.pe -pe, as the Tariff Act or- 1842 considered in all -its bearit.gs, is to the rihtis ind interests of the Planting States of this Vonfedeiac'V. It might naturally have been supposed, and probably it was expected,..that this State, in conformity with the principles she has so long professed, and on which he had heretofore-acted. would immediately- nullify thi-'A'C;bUt she, did not. Closely dnited atthe.time wiith thgret Dem7 ocratic party of the Union on the general prin. ciples ofgovernment. and on certai questons of ederal policy of the utmost inoment-lee ing that this p arty had carried the elections to the House of Representatives by a large ma ority-and justly regarding it as pledsed to free trade, and bound to repeal this exhorbitanot Tauiff,.she paused, and. determined to await the action of aniotber Congress; thus- furnish ing a fresh, eiample of patriotic foibearande, and sinceie devotiona to the peace aid integrity of the Union. -The new .Congress' tnet; and has terminated its first session. Propositions were made in both branches to modify the Ta riff, and signally defeated. .In the House, where.the Democratic majority was large, the proposition was disposed almost without de-' bate, and a majority of the Democrats from-the t States north ot the Potomac actually voted against it; while in the Senate, some of the leaders of that party from the same section did so likewise. There seems, therefore, to be no re .sonable, or even plausible ground. on which to rest a hope that this law, so unconstitutional, and so ruinous to'ns, will ever be repealed. or reduced to the standard of the Compromise. The friends of the Tariff do not appear to en tertain the slightest idai of such a thing. They have distinctly proclaimed it to be the sett!ed policy ofthe Federal Government ; and, in fact, they scarcely conceal that they regard our fur 'her remonstrance onthe subject-as intrusive and pertinent. Nor could we, after the,."-' contempt which they have. mnifested for ileir plighted- fith,-repose with safety: upon any concessions which they might, by circumstan. 'cei, be forced again to 'make. With what confidence we may rely, on the other hand;upon the . northern section of the Democratic party to carry -out the' free trade r principles which they profes,we are well ad monished by .the history, not only of the "last iiseioof Congress, but of the protective pol icy itself. Theact of 1828,.the most stringent Sof the Tariff acts, savethatof 1842, was carried by th votes of the Democratic leaders of the State of New York. Liven under very peculiar circumstances; ind this last act, by the 'votes of the Democratic leaders from the same State, and from Pennsylvania. And it - may be 're aded as -certain. that the friends of the.pro, d tective system will be able, at all tims to com e mand as many votes anong the northern Do e mocrats as may he necessary for their purpose. Nor *can we, I fear,' inticipate any demon. st, aiion of ouch a fixed, determined, and com biined. reiistance to that policy on -the part of C the South, as will force the North-to abandon it d entirely .For this apprehension- 'there are t r aypesoe: us. but one is paramount.. Unfor Presidenae chosen by the people, in an the Southern States exce:.t onr our own. They are. in consequence, at all times almost equally divided about men ; .'nd interested politicians spore ho pains to impress itfon the voters. that t esalvation of the country depends upon the elevation of this or that individuil -to the Presi dential chair. In this exciting contest, ties f sures and principles become matters of.minor consequence ; and though itis well known that no President, whatever may have been his pl liticatlcreed, has yet had firmness to veto a Ta riff bill, however monstrous,' and, that no 'an ointed candidate even.'-has ever been able fully and consistently to declare himself against the protective policy, they will persistin the per micious del usion that, every thinig will he se cured by the trinmph of their favorite. While every other question, however vital to liberty and the Constitution, continues to be made subordinate to this,'and to be estimated solely by its'influehce 'on the Presidential election: and while that electidur continues to 'he made' directly by the: masses, it is almost vain to ax pi-ct that tse. people of any .State can be:united. among themselves, or the. States ofanysetion combirae, unless under'exraordmnary impolsig to resist effectually the usurpalion-of the Felle ral Government. - Under these'circumstances ii''devolves' an South Car olina to decide .what course shte "will pursue in'reference to thle Tariff. The period has arrived whenshe cano longar-postpone' her final. decisioe. ;It is .due 'from .her. .It is expected of her. AndI if she fails to anuopace, it, lir silence wall. nevertheless be 'coijolusive., Whatever may be the" techtnical validity 'r h6-' g.al force. of they Opinions on this~impnani' question which-yont' pfeddebessors'h'aviatlad uipon youtr records, it-app'ears' eleerto meiha' oar State is bound,: by.'here pustihistory. anl the principles she. profeises and owes.it~to the country and herself,:o adopt such measoares as. will at an early period bring all hier moral eon stitutional, and, if 1necesary, phiyschi'mesir: ces, in direct array against a polkcy, iih has never been 'checked hut' by het interpositioda and which impoverihesrour country, rael . tionizes our 'Governnuetenid overthrows a liberties.. -The -expediencgyLths- mianndr and' the'- precisetme of doing this;. aresfor' jour ,.The lastesion of~ces asg sj udliisad bj ihe iejet i'oraieaf- te~. nexiition of Texa to h fi rcnot ifavii'isthdwIailjidkpes wbether~he UnIteSt:ess~ri&cauA Teas para mount to any to uuM6e pretend It mrag afi. g oi~"W~ie thie idm nbc.en did ot intitidber-df'rilt'tohd ha en etrer'shs'paalirper: Be iiitiiiij he recogisied as' an lede~t~e~y United Hollaisif E ofntoiias~no~e divorcef in k5A~ or''ih gea fronm :'C ~~ii m b dlie ordin ' iitiae claires cs aumanything shortof friv ~ hiiiIiseisibil ity of'ihe,.U o hnga -tiewaway ~all thr world extramal idi o - - While' Ituima i'eii . i - t 16 hIffomn me'e delay reuse ap1 ed terinory.of 'three hu rdjiensand; ar males embracing-the nes feq. ie: soil ji. glabie and p'eopled j. -her oww- -c iildr can not be-oiherwise regarded ithn As biitpy Quixotic Edrope, while . ,o.cSnau 'an unexpected event, ut s -ao tts' 'Jnu apable o 0p preciating these sublimated , o ~natlta faith, us not to hesitate to i 1he infloenbe of pariy spirit, fres -evidence of the- istabilify i n3t tions; That party spirit may have -some itflueice in-the rejfi ion of tis treaty.,pr bible.- But-tbe ma awl most$o erful son, undoubtedlYj was1.~the de1dy anuinosi o a portion of ihis Unito romtie amI the fear of extehdingd'nd tu This reason has been openly av ly. the ,whole -press of- theia St,.tes; by the-i publi Jciures - r t at distingutished orat..rs, and -by th gslatures of-several Stateiparticult hat ofM chuset.-whose-resutiins ii n which.is-Ptrongly-itimatedtieeienryo. dissolving the Unio of theseeStates e very groun-!.if Texas is-aineed.. ' Searcely .anfcircumstancoui Iave f r nished so- strikig a proof t deep-seated :hostility of every .portiohuand anlmoteve'in- 7 dividual, of the North, to or system ry. amaf their fixed determination todse ateitr ii' possible, as the rejection of-this tre, ad tho'arguments by which they justiffitg eve ry point of view, save one, the.acquisiton of Texas was of more conseg-en ttheXh-riWh than to the Sooth. Td theudtgave ineiea e of commerce, a 'r.shrmarkettotheir mann factures; another- vet .for.popilationnevw .subjects on whomi: to levytribute-rTo its, M curity, onlY; and seeurity at mpmene sacrnce in the valueof our lan& aiid of our'stiples - .but the pride of iicreasedl .doniniono.tbirst of7, wealth; ambition, mnd avarice longisuppoh'ed to be the two strongest passiqm .of our-nature have stink before their. fanatic ta uprot an insti:ntion with which:is.1jpk inseparably- the welfare. n'd almost the exis tence fiSve millions of their-fellodi itizens. Nor is the refusal to.rntify this 'tresty,.so i tally impotanm tothe South, the dildiefraor dinary piof which the- piist3'ea-r-hasRfrnisfr ed. of the exhuberant and rancorous hosrility of the North to our domestic alsvery.?At. Meet ing iti May lastof'the Genjral Corifere c . the Methidist denomination, whoie icclesisti cal constitution said goverinni rlisime respects, a striking resemblanceio ilse political Jonstitution Tand-.Goverismentof this Confed eracy. a pis Bibiop of'the Suti:vaii~-.t ally deposed fromhis sacred officebe e'ie-- - was i slave holder. It 'waspeitysa dis. tinctly sutted, thatthe Mfetikadistcongretii - in the non.slaveholding- Stites embracing a-2 much larger propoftion of ths maseihan'any others, would no -longer tlerste'i-P e.oldef intheire p a fadi shieliibeusini exemplife beingpirit-.the pai otie Nfehodists of the South dissolfsedall eo'n i nexion with 'heir brethren of the iortli. 'And for thi..thev are entitled to lasting hdiiol'iid gtituide from us. Other instancessanight-bi.~, cited. not so'.4trikin bdt qqnally: deeiatvo'of the fact, that thepbtin phrenzyiol nge confined to a few rehtlesand den Kis ut has seized the whole body0of tlepo iihe 'non slaveholdaiing48ts, and is ruipdl sio r sedg allther excitements, andt ap '04on all. othrinlerests. It lims evsenien t iliout that ihelorga'nized Abolii'on idteiiistiscid the pedding Psesidential eledion; and bdth parties atthe North have be'ti-chiared wiie-n deavoring to Coneciliateitroie.ir-eadidiae. While Enaiand,..encouraged-bythese move monts and exasperated by our Taaif fiksaWu making avowed war oti us.-tha ishe iay strike a bldo at those who are mordoi eneimes than Thongh all these effort 'may'fail to corce Congress to pass an Act or Emancipation and can iardly sncceed,in organizing an extensive insurrection niopg our-slaveis,it cannotbeilis* gnisod that they are doing -ischief here:and may soon effect irreparable injury. Thef most be arrested. Itis indispensably -neesry that - they shonld be arrested in.the shortst- possile -- period of time. The question is, fow i this to be done? Argument and remonstrance are! clearly useless. All appeals to sympgathyito interest and to the guarantees'of thestDn&'oft Union, lmvefailed, ast yet.Pasiwilfqhife no' doubt. conminue t!.fail. Seteisi'das h-of the' South do. the naked imi pfsjbility of emancipa tion. without the exterymnation otf one race or the -other. - hrough'terimes' and horrors too .shockirng tohbe melitioned.eleaving a devasted land. covered with nahes: tears, and blood-I cannot doubt, that, du'ill bejustified by God and future generations, -i adopting apy meca stires, however inrtling~ they may appear;that will place your rlghts and property exclusively tinder'vour own control. and.enable'you to re - el- all interference with them, whatever shape it may assume. .And as you incur a danger of no ordinary character-one so subtle aned insi *dious in its approaches that thereit no ascer taining how-'soon it may be too late'to resist it --4 believe you, ill be eqoallyjnstifted in tak ing the measures as early and .decisively. as in your judgment you may deem proper. -The Statesof South-Carolina has been char ged. and-s sometimnes.Trom;bigh~quarters. with entertaining a desire to dissolve the Union of these States;i and the expression-of a-sentiment looking that ay. by any of her citizens, is widely denonnced au treasonable, if not blas-, phemous.. -There is rno State-which-has given, in its times of trial, a more ardent or effetivo sipport-to the Union than our own, . There is n State tthiieh has less to gan by- anarch'~ and 'evolutioiifor -that is -leqs disposed .o nge ino-thiem wantonly. Neither; her fundamen- - tal idstitutions, nor her legislation, beiray-alove of.chatrze... -Her people are steady in their rzinciplessand loyal zo their-customse,. laws, hbdiconstitutions. Baithbeir, devotion is not blind. - They are not to be defrauded ofiheic rights under prostituted formsjbyhoweverr.a cred. in. their origin..nor deterred, either by ob-. loqu rdiager,-fromamintining,dhem..Xhy -bjnimeains insensible of -the'idafuages of the %pjoi(.$$jya6Ogittngitos. eprimenighicbiehteach thema ie nerate-the inltugiozis foinei'n yart, bj iiause hnginmembs.repbha extendwgovet r omriidioui iindia iffio,sqag mlesIsau ahichin~iiht o'ne ayusber five hindred,mhil [ieenli'ghtiji" siiie'ns...Out the'pnit. asasa ~o rauti cgsnd arity. ,uentthesepruaug p.arp gone.. 3'otlt - arollna n~ have :d i~ et1Tor ani ipty ae.itilI less fo n uyno~tndnouslto iernwith oji'ii nan laier isatitosoandAfin. ears, nd .elaiTor'it our.llegiance.! Our ance - tpsof..the olderodd aged aisuccessifu waa galiistithsedivigi t huod~n ra ourfa here ,nf the R4leolationt bk e ok&..of L ami.Cmidin's. ,Lnlahs be siane " us,. by thiese; tw goiestes c story aecords, if we aregeow t evs~d ytie divingpright .'of ,Uiuon, and mdiz sreaoheifes id'erffts violted ~i~ai, Tlie I~us'tri'o:s.inetijo has been 6f libu~ ez icouisenttheFather of our Contry.'didip htiitsond iling toine Uiin.a Mrkirk 1f. afe'tyfDut, muchswe rgingsc his pre. L4dusieaiWple is still deier to as. Sjpered we libid hiasbaois,.we canspol thirs am hbate uaterr~f~dlr hvn - g boiands ha an~unot be ao-strogh~