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fmedatI iV tha a V4Wd- The - fw being isks, Vvy hp are an der needy 2 d from 'ihe public cr' , ofrn'ie promi usA o is ehoewn to act wbib -bbmai ar ibe _big William Na.41t au lriace, alias Poun l Apifhreporti that i a 'niaj the ports of St. 6 WNz.SIiragoeao ad Ann dhq~d~ClftI~ -wV fbrcia April 12t, makes A&d- de:West India Is bair6 wipbem tbeytradejiu order to ei ils'- whiek- the restrietive 1'o2-gorament had caused. REPORWOPTUE COM3IITTEE OF 91. - . utelp coeventia of South -~l.7U . bsam, - he R6 d May. Csriises. to de ' bisips ,'eau hava ha t so to6:a.importanc do as tunest, ewoe especiay in the pesi giigtoed6' of tbo country. Thea resgigersma..m==deterwhaineso to rm eM CAL.DWEL.L CAI, of- d themocrutie - -Iinty Wamats pounan - . ig so*rt Cox adig ai A IaIN Oatin toe - iagSeawwias : thealte .m~ aA e.)tWNa ~h.aalimes usborsli d of aif a striers. one * 'clhdltarcjurae acre at - jsI sea n y- A ca 0. d!Nte the gvmg hitm - Wbbtestqurltedeen wwv; ftf*WS it faithi.~and inporat pub to askaqhtedabilie. ea Whi. ~e-1e lb ma -hieprotbnd iyte f Go bist dminstraive talenta ; - VnO his t to frue and pioular siand doctrines en y. Calon te but aft bigbe theeLs-pweebi ee asI Ub a - emberislalbcitisnalcco waraus a&H tiu esimould inbefelection of th~s aned as decime. asc i 'acregady oran, ot Lhscepaanator skaw ist admibftin And'utind. It -t Nd aslt -hrog ts pei - an - thrsaenti h W~d. Eine tiis a orte-preentipe - the .asman asohedisigih eg: s the r.alho s. hol e noites in hise mss :it as her degree m than ethercueaR.th qWeitima g t tjiajs t elect --no WsermIteamutexlu UeCet h nIormerU-ania Emsterns thu 'a n Nrtuser,alHmavehmadhe - the'$tihora W oth e jkuat ejpuli..fem ex.z fwaose bridetitlsiI res eflhe more than ise4birds of the reveneof Union saa bien drawn, and which 1lave Furoihei thior rull share of talents. patriotiss. eloguence, and wisdom tre the coucits of'tbc naiaon.-have never yet had one. In tis cannexion. there is another view not lessentided to consideraiion. The Presidents have herelofote bee. taken ezclusively 1om ts larger States. There is not an instance of one, in the long. course of half a century. se lected fiom the medium size, or smnaller States. Is it to be inferred from these remarkable flhets. that the smalger and weaker States, and the least populous potions of the Unmna, wte td be persanedy eidd from its highest honorr? -Gr Father has it been anuaccidental course of events, without aim or desing I The latter we ee has been the cae, but sptre'v on sme first Stitignoccasion. gefersity, the gen orjnstice and sond policy. requireof the larger 0t8tes. and mora populous portions of the Union, that they siould give a practical and snstaantia! pro1 it has been in reality accidental, and ot designed And what occasion can be mole fit ting than the present? Ifthe kigh qualifications of Mr. Calban, strengtened by such loung pld important ser vices, unaninmously suppaoted. as there i- eve ry reason to believe he will be. not only by his State. but the portion ofthe Union to which he Belongs. camintetiesre his election. is it to be exp-ted that any citizen lers.ner belonging to t. howevet emninen his talents or great his %services, or rrotn he stalle(SUttes..will ever be eleded f Andf *onld dfagv nut' be strong grwtnds fr believisig. that tleir ciizns are fomee'ts be disfranchieed. as inar as the office of President is concerned, anal that the nffice is to be a- permanent nintsopmly of die larger States and more poegmlon sertins? To these, other reasons night tie added or not less weipht. We shall hnoger alinmiln to but ile or two. aited among them. is di..inte eptad anl ngnaniaons course in hiA party rtelaLrbns, of which a single inaanc. will SmtMe. It is well known, tiat- heelid noot he.it-ste. regardlema of concrmmemaes. ill of'Js-dmice to what he be-lieved in to he t tree porimecilha and .ulicy of the Reparliiran rarty, to i-paste a relii the great body of thte pfrty in time plei. tude orts poev:r. and wlei the hipelacot rewards and hotnora of the conamtry wer' in hi- grasp. It is equally well knowm. that it siubj-eted illam, for the-tine, to time set ereut deuncaiti.'us mf those he aeparated rnm, ain iapparen:ly~ fA' ever blasted his g-olitic.Al proepects. ser raf'uo office. power. smut ifl.sesece werei a ire-d. He willingly saeriiced all to tnaintaiea his prin. ciples. Nor mo. it amiknwon. wilnts the tile of eveath turned agai his foroner fteiend. from whont he haa'patid. and whesn the pmarty was at itm great.-st diepvessien, apd- didir alit oppone1t ready ko raih i& and overwhelum them. as they believed forbver, it was dien that :e, fra ting the put an" ividnmaLing all perot. .coniderations, regarding' only his dusty aA io principles. uniesktatinjgoy'trought to tiem, at their utuniwt need, his powlrfiul aid. If events have since tarued-if thi party is agai" in the ascendant, and more powerful tan'eve- affer its great fal,'it dA _'be surely said wifh truth. that tihappv elMige is.~is a rdat lmeasie, .i be tattise V6 hmmn. It is true that -n all thiNI songft neitlar rmthiude ne reward; that, bowever, only cnhiti*s hil tie to both. To this we add, that he was tie first to disco ver, log in advance, time present dangers and dignatera; to point out their causes. and warn aist their apoproacb; to use his utmost er. Qts, and peril leis ail tie avert them; and, when actually arrived, totake the lead'in time endea vein to pass thretagh thenm in safety. In proof ofall thes, we refer to addresse., speecelse, and reports for time Ls fiafteen years. Now that which was than (oare is pat. they lank more like history- ean 00 auletaon of what was to eonl;anisd'a'rd eidetdfi, o sagacity and foesight rarely egtalled and never surpassed. Although lie coual not atert the diangere and disastersfie aoniciiated. it cannon be desubted he did nmmch to leleeen them. andto prepare tie war finally tooverco'me them; -ai rian4*mer tiequeton is, limE shft ieyb-tvrcanuri wim so well aalicil tu give a ,edtisfalctory an swfr-tO mud'elertake ti'c tiamk, and restore fealth amlre-pur't- to-thme body-isoiutic, as he whio haa. givemn such conclusaive evidende of h6.i tho rongma kmawiwedge of the caugeaumd n'gwe of Ie dlese to be remaedied? Amnd, flimly. may we not ask, without beintg tlo::lat to dlepar.ege the just moerits of otber cadidlate-s for th,- Presidency, whIch onme of them do his past hiatory anad opid mmoree thoreenghmly ideuntify with all time great articles of the Denmoeratiecreod thaia .ilr. Calhemian? As fCer back as lK54.be discoiuntenasnced mhe coneaion a ihe Governueent willP~arks: and when,, in l837, tat-ettatnexiohs wats broken asunder. he was amongst the ait teadvencate the necessimy of thme separatioan-to plat' isfat witimmnt fear of coe.seences, boldly itusn: -and, uner demsunenstiomis andh .mlhmqumy aaheaanapied fir their bitterness ini political warfre, te, take up this great measure of relorma, and by the eamce of his deciin anid genius, principally contributed to mastaip and pass it through' Pew meon have beemaun edilcienmt in eaving the liberties ol ehv-eettrrmn that ao duangel ous or ff ile iuntumenta 'of Fmfealian: a United tattes Banmk. Nest to .Ur. Jeffrsotioo .one who hams lived undler our Constitetion has deist iieie if a muchl,.to pesere its nipub hican featsup. by e~c 'u dangen encn ldabti nad rensg e w hete. Aand wen,V in ie lust for albsolufe'.pOtte, It. Vats adtly prnopasedito mutilate the CiiastihaIt,I by abschihlzg the get balance whes andckon ,vbhrVision of the Veto, haiwa tihe waeist ~fdi ~b "ofli in that gallant rsie-' ane by whc ti sattetpf'wUs frtistrated." The best enerigies of l's life have heetW spant its egiart, to r-form a dsaerat' -.Goverar mnt,and restore it, by econosnyanditrch snot, to its original apliiy andpurty.. II is the ur.ersnatave of t&e.grseasi. -ens, exeptonof induw frn unne bn eactos. nas. taI of thme farmer, thplanter, thme mechamnic7 the siipuaster, and R'ther; purtsml iians,~ tof gav proteedao al.auseks the laber ad eapitalortie ins% e sfastaer ot Ce.le believes that smeliin actgimauaahbethon betweetheseclas lih iwiwea~e .dsGoterntneat' thicit astestfnItdit tit e B eeee aid sangry struggls, byt ~ fi oftetste flee them -selves from wlsm and ofthe other missin r icreaeiteni ont of these ' occring * ad mixing thetaselesu is n artnntal gq~tions, 'the best inteassed of t umangfacturers theem selves are fir mule - dieply t$Ormd/fiente. ...s.l.dcondtionm of thiesseuetenhe. and thme adend guineas changes to wh~ihArmS estheir askis, than ting cotuld passilr be .that fair protection which an egual, mode m jm is a of revennse dunies would shgd~mt ;if just, equal, and. fair, WbdI ~ t. A pnwerhasb1een 4thfIed as In~be Govirumnen to e, il asari and catal of one ' 014 ) ltI a* nce over thoese of ano ther~W ' m4st e it ackniltg use to ebangei isi ar nyb r htful power in im legisltar., di. ....dy or indirectly. prtmotmy or socidetatlly. 0 draw thessactiatIbof . 4 "peopie bydatiesdu ilapor Of -that e4jbpli farigdandetai9errevenkee. ienne. dillirbseing. for prdin, .fie to see af differenicn in consititutisal prT le, and be bidds the one as mocb as the er, -repgnant to natnral jestice and the plainest priocipks of politicaleconomy, and':n their tendency subvertsve ofthe vay ends of ci il society. lie is na in favor or a ishing duties on imports for a system of disect or in ternal taxes, but for a system of duties-on im ports laid purely for revenue. and allow discri minations only where true revenue principles call ror it. lie is in favor of burdening con ierce aid the 1:tbor which supports it with no more deaties than are indispensable to the eco uonmical and necessary waists of he Govern nbent. fie isnueelyopPtsedtoallextravagance, corruption. and abuses its the expeuditure of public money. the rcfrm of which cannot be efected o Iong as the revenue is levied sin the pinciples of protection. which acts as a bonn iv on large and influential classes, enlistin thesa in the support of extravagiant ekpep - jures as an excuse for high taxateon. He be [lares that die Government has no power nor right to collert taxes, nor ti cullect revenue. nor to in i the public lands, for the purpose of distributing the proceeds, or any portion there of. amonyttLe taes, nor that it has any right nr power. dir'cly or indirectly, to assume then debts of tihe Sta;es: nor to carry on a system ofInternal iaprovtlefent. Mtany of these, are eardinal oenanderatiotd ill. comparai n with which the Presidency sina; it11neignilfcanC, oul non compromiees of than can he bartered, even for that high dignity. flaviig now given our reasons f~sr prefer. riig Mr. Calhoun, we shall next preeed to state those tatgoveined us in making ti. re :nmumeatiationis we have in reference to te! Genversa Csaventian. R,-ei and discussion have already done weh to settle most of the points connrcetd with the Canvention. ani about which there was -it firot a difrenc o'(spission. We i kar-l the girestinn at -leiiitely setle-d. th.: Unitiurlare ts ro"I4 the lie wh'ere it i6 to bsi lsell. and shall diereire pase it over without rarther cienatest. The t:,r.--on afotpimon. ,e i-ri- tsalewro lm 4o. , ,. in so stiongly in laver of .t1..y. 14 1 t it warcly to be styjepts di, tehat 'ic we nte pifer'Nnv'eAler will'stand ,isa aiuls: it. But fini Ststes. Tenuaie'. Mi Vi.- Vinia.' and New York ltfvd ei arwed-piTi1 ss Efavor of the lattir. while Siaryland. KDnieky. lUnisian. kaiachu .t. 14411nsniaia, Michiran. Alabama, Mts miippi. Rhode L.<anil. and Nev lininpoloire. bav', eitie ex ,es.esd spininins in favor of. or given tro:i'"'h ication that they prefer the for eer. t.'..eecfh araiement. tee atfotel thepo ple ample tise to wnake up asd exprem ir rpiniton, ned if uark the course of events and the conidutt of public oen during the 4rst ses tion of al. nxt Cosaprem, especially in refer ene to the Tariff and the expenditures of the Guternaueit is si stko'ng. that we do not see bnw it cni-'.well he resigid. Bun putting aside thai and otfreaesons which eight be urged an vor of tie latter period. it seems to us, as a ater oun of ceurteiy. if tine be reqnested by any csis'l-rabre portida of the party, it i sould I granateu. niie tic period proposed be obelotaty-aliaushithably late, which cannot he alleged -isaat that which we. witll solarge a liatum oe y have concurred ostrecum sentding. (Oi ground. if no other, we esset bieve thar tho@6 highly' respectabl dtates, whiida have fixed on an earlier day. will be so wanting in courtesy, as to' refuse to yiel so rmeasinable a reguest. and ierast in dheriug o Nienaiber. Under dis impriesaion we shallnt lwol lidnet on the reasons in fa or efolcay: We ale. regahil it aihatantially settiba, that the ule'ates; with die exe tion of.the two to be appoiIFd F ibi hubfican eaShers of Ase Leia ,oi a State'Con rention, are to ISe asploilod'b Diklet, We are iii'a.m're that asif Stati t plthu'oI the party has expewed a preference a'ai fher node, except Pewtsylvania, whil% m6AMo the Stes aid public meeaings. -wham the sObjet rif the Conveantion has beetragithtedi incleadng Virginia. have eirAssed opinius an its favor. P~sewrtainl- retin to observe, that the tednyo'aree'asdenhigiee iisiussmiou is to unite and- ba:noizu the parti, instead of iriidiig anud distracting it; s was feared by ninsy wesiti be tile chec: adif nay be faicly anticp~ted, thsat the enuatinueance of the discus. dlen, in thet samie liberal mad' fre~e m'anner. wvhich lens already conatributed so mucla to set tie the jimportanct poits it has conneetetd with the Conavention.'will hive the winme salutanry ef'eect in setwilieg tile only twd, that we regarad as reaininig i realit)'aibsettled-the numuber of Dergates to be appoinlad fromn each Ditriet. and the mode of votng-whether per eaijita. that is. each mneuher yot i 'udividually and his ve counting one. or bjdhe maority, that is, the vote of ahe whole delegatlota ertiie State so e disposed ofhby a ajesrity tiP-the delega tii. The. recent Conveactin held at Rich mand, recusmeneeded foeur Delegates from each Codgressiontal District, and that a majority of the delegates shpjil dispose of tise vute of she Sire it the Convensn; in which, lice Legis ltive'gents hel at Albany hats concurred, while allite othcer States, as far as we are in flmed, whtieb have expresse ansepiinin, are ift tor' euf one deilegiste froma each District, and-ile ps/eupi' imade of voting. We havecarefallyand im -p liahy examined and comapared bode, an'4 a it fvery re-specct for the anuree frum which it emanites; we are compeled to say, that enur of tion is irrue'icti bli ae gaist wicat, fesr arevity. we sheall - ~ h~uln ofthebs tichincoud Cosevetione, and ins beer of what. wiah the same object. we dali-call ti~arl an pathat stase beinag efirt, whihb ul adortdad recommend Aol here it isi proper tee preie, that as the ndiiatidn; if acqgmeseed ien, would in effect beih' election, sofar as the Noice of the paray seennered. we hold it, in the first place,, to be istinelbe; that the GeneruAeventcon shou ldt - u~pas nartly as anyb, to the Eleaesi in he-aam r ungh shold heapted. thtte vhb he Cn enttio abal utter iba e4 of 1ice people, in cotr-dstnciotagitiedl mnnagersi and that the relatiVe weight of the States, as fied by the Constitution, in the eleetion or Presi dent and Vice President, 'boei be preserved. 'These we' regard as ibndasauzal principles, by whilh every propostion, In relation to the Geeral Couvennso ought to be tasted. None bt those thast aan stand that-test, .hoanrd he' datted. They are too obvioul~ustand ten onable-to require illnstration. He would ill desette the name 01 Repuiblican who objectsto them. Itis to theirtest weintend to br dhe pos of differenece betyen -the -two pa , which my be regarded as still unsetthd. We utgject, then, to dhe amode of vIting and onting! recommeiinded by thelhRichmoud Coii vintion, becauseit adoptsa aprtneiple unknown to'tha. Contittiont. nd whtoh, cdmhbanal with tusnm bero dlees pr Atobiappot tci~ve-ofth'Jot un ctatof all the comt ,roauaar . 'ouistitutio, ew as we might 'svith teanth say. thefundanmenadtt compromise on whiche the whole reats. Aas trong as thee mertios may appa. w& shla ,unless greatly doesid,--sali'theil'br~th besyond.ountto with on political historiy.'dhat till gueatiest d11 lieolty eperin'ed in flaming theConstitna dnan, was to establish the relative weight ofthe ta,.,.. n die gevernmfenet of the Union. The snaller states. placu3 memselves on the in intesuible principle Of'thioperfect equality or lights between all sNVereign anW independent comnnnies, withunt regard to size or popna. tion, inisted on a like eqanlity of weight in the government of the Unison. abtle the Itr-gor and more populous, adiiing the ctorrects.e5 of that prmcw-itale. insisttnt liit s a Feder-t Re poeblic. consposed orstates. ofuneqnsal oize. and united fir trio ittcows: deisce ot' die whole. the States which broslh: it, the commusson steek of power and memam Se erenter &.hare, should in inirn0es and justice &ave a proportioaa tn weight in tle governnent. Such was the oh. stinaney, %ith which both sides mainlstained their grisdesid. that &.t one time it ivis sesiousty apprehendled the otiject of the Convention would fdl, and its labors end iso doing. n.sthing Thealarmio, which thienutised, led to a conipro nise. The larger Slates agreed to an eqmuali ty of represeitati-in its the Senate. and tie smaller to representation in the Houne propor tioned to populatiotn esatinsted in lederal num hers From these two elements. all the mate riais for consiructing our beautiful and solid po. litical fabrie were drawn. The Elector alCol lege for the choosiag of President auc Vice President ronsis~t of de two b6lend-d, so as to give to each State the number of neletor that she umy have maeenbers in the two nouies of Congress. The noles of vesting, as prescribed by tise Counstitutiols. are in unison with these ele ments. As there are bit tveo, so there are hut two modes of vsting knuwn to the Constitution -thepercapita, and that by a majorify, cor responding with the two eleisents. V len tle States are itended to be re-arded in their ori ginal equality. nnd independent nod sbvereign clsaractet. th;e tnse of eting prescrlhed is by delegation. each delegatint votiu;: by it-,e'f and the maj..rsty di-po.mn of tie vote of the state; hot thes %:e of the State in sanch causC. %*-euilt regard t tie tiiul-r sf dlg.aten es;--tsbut one. Snch wa! the n,.:d- of voting and counting in tih- ormaa.an and adoption of tie Cot. 'itut-r. aad socis the mode prescribed for prn.u'"n to ane-nd it. anid in the election of ideurti-I. ,:0su tie chsoice devolves on the oui.e. by the t.ilu. of the Electoril College to eh-ct. 'But when i.o States are nsot inten dl-d to be so regirdeo. the Wote ansd cost.: is lwayseercopza. acsd sscia is Ise mode. ac cordimi.y irescribed for u0 4wo Housnes of Congress it all casc's. n xrept te .istance cited and al-u f-sr the Electoral Collety, in votitg for a President amid Vice President. It is well knclown. that it was very d5eult to agrie on the onode of electing those diuin guip'rd nticero,. resulting fiom sone cosfnict baeee the barge aid small States, that endan gered, as has beca stated. the formatiun of the Consiinuwn itlf. That, too, ended in a cimpiiiise, which gave time iarger S:ates a prepsondea nce in, tIh election of he Electoral College. and the smaller a preptonderatsce in case of a failufe of citoicf,-anA the election do volving on the Huse. It was thus, that dosrrei and dangerous conflict amsolig the States wit sattiled by coum promises. and thaf' whici angered thi for mation of the Conseattion' was, by consum mate i isdon and skill, nurda W rurnilsh the elements out of wbidh'the''gov'erimment was onstrucled ; and what'w'e are iirecon'aclibly oppsed to in the plan of the Hichinbnd Con vTiaoc. is. dat it coisfounds these elewents by combining together incongruous moides of vo ting and couning. raid thereby adopts a ptinc!, pile unknown to the Constititdan, and in dead ly con1ict with t.e compronises nison' which it rests. -t the observance or which ifs balance dependa. Onr objection applies itot to the delegates of the General Convention voti by States, or that the vote of the States sho be given by !he majority, but what we do object to as blending incosgruous methods is, that the vote ofa State should be gi ven by a majority. but cotntmnd per espita. it is that. which we pronounce to be unknown to the Constitution, and monstrous and destructive in its character. Virginia or any State, may take eboice. to vote by majority, orpcr epita ; but whichever she may select, she cannot complain if she should be subject At the mode of counting, which the Constittion, in conformity to its comproumises, invariably prescribes for that mode. If she shid insist on a majority of her delegates dis posingt of her vote, shte must also submit to place herself on an egnality with the stuallest State. and conust liut onse. as se would in the cae of the Presideintial electioni going to the House. It she desires to save hser whnlo adee ;ation counted, as in the House el' Represen tatves on alt other gnesations, she mus: tote per capita, and rusn, as there, the hazard of a divisi'en among her delegates. She cannot, without smnhvertinit the princip~les of the Con tituion. enjoy she besnetit of both modes, and eemnpt hers-elf from thieit disadvanaes. She canot conscenitraiti her whole strensgth by di. joahng of het vote by a ma'ority, without psla cing hiersef in the sand sca ?e with Delawam or couint her rei number wuthout the hsazard of a di' isiun ins her deh-gsationa. Choose which sh; may, we for eone shall not object. -we isever can assenst thgt she. or'any oilier State. sball at the sisOs tilie grasli the' benefit of boati. ansd ex inmpt he'rselfI front their diaadvitages. Thec advitsftes and dlisavantagae of whichever may he seleced, naust be takesn together. [I n we consider the plans of- the RItcitiond' Convention as dangerous in its practical boar ings,. as it is clearly unscostittsuoial in psiincs pe. It would tend amoittl' irresisti'sly to coas .-eatrate the powver of eeet:::: thie Presidesutmsn te lands of the larger States ands more popu lens portions of the Unioni, ad t-y necesasay c-.icfeee give ilhem the almost exclusi'e cesuntrol osver the Executire Departm~ent of the Goverment. aid, utrough its p,.wer aud in flence. over the whole U uoin. We must look at thingis as they are. Thme constrol of the :n.ni inativn. tfac'qmneel so, would be in fact., s hak beistipremise.~'the cintreil of the elecitio, as far as-thse 1aarty is concorned; and what esld be- better d'evised to concenstrate their combined peower in the Georgia Con'wntin:z. tha the phpas of the majority givinag the vote of each State, and yet at the same uisne count-' ig pecspita. and thby controllinggls pro' ceiugs, and throngb it thee nomination and election?1 And whsat could tend moreaow erfuly than that, to destroy the balance the Constiution, and convert our Federal Rtepub lie into a great consolidated and abslute Gay ernent, to be succeeded by all the disasters whi:h miust avitably follow ? But it may be said, that the evil apprehended ha already~ occurred in another forna; that their strength is already concentrated on the Electoral College by changisng the system of choosin electors by Districts. into that of the Getira Tickdt, and that it is but right that they should havd the samne relative weight' in the Convention, as the have its the Electornal Colee. Itis~indee , true that the system of chooflg electorsby genieral ticket in is Opset ation. as far asthis conceniratiena of power is cocrne,-ha5s he same' elfeet, as yuing by majorty., and counting per-capit., and at is to e fe'ared has already donei muceh, and will do still mrv.to disturb the balance of the Govern met. But-ther's is a great ditlerenc beteen them, so mdels uo,'that the gCuieal ticket can afford neither edeuse nor par-'efent. fur the !tao the Richmond Cortwention. If the two uve the like effict in securing to' thse States a united vote, it is brouht about'in a very dif feent nmanner' Tfse General Ticket may de feat,.to a certain extet. the inteist gf the Con silttion, but it' does tnt ivadj its tinciples as to the nmnner of voting and connnntin The electos'llte'undiually, and *their votes ecptaned prepita. Datais it ia to'get round ti prnetples ofhbe C.'onitittstia in practice. i instilIWStn to setin open deflanceand con ,.....o .r d. te. ydf~eue t swl known that at the oaam eme of pav etmient, and for nihy Yeita afWtwra aUe District systemlcho ssja0 , *aly prevailed, and that 1tiwas n eral ticket, and voluatarilj utsthenic1 ion, that the latter was nghthid 1e fbrrorer wrong. but reluctantly. and under a general conivictin. thit the change wait tor the wor. It wa* caused in a great measure by compul sion. through the almanet necessary operation of party cuan:cts. The system once ctzamen ced by any one party in a State, in order to secrl" victory by concentrating its united totrength. almost necemarily com .ledthe Op posite side, an order to avoid de ls, toi initate the bad exaimple. dea sitarted, the san11 cause, by irs action, and re-action; led to the ainmost universal adoption. It was a weepon forged for pjar.y warfare exclusively, and fit only for the purpose fur which it was intended. But to introduce a weapaon so intended, istoa Convention of memen of the same party, as sembled, not in hostility. but for the peaceable and frienudly purpose of producing and pre serving learmony, union and concert, woald be clearly. nout orly not authorized by the ex ample of the general ticket, but without justifi eation or excuse. Another view remains, deserving the most merious consideration; going to show, that the introduction of the general ticket, so fat from affording reason or precedent in favor of the plan rnpoed by the Richmend Convention, frn'ishe otroug groutu4 against it. The very fier that it has been adopted ian chooking elec. tori; id Uat it ia6s increased the relative weglat of the larger States and more populnus portionsr of the Union. in the Eleetoral Col lege and the sletion of President, instead ofa. reason why their weight should be ineressed in the General Counvertianand th e noinmnalioi of the candidac. is oneef thestiongest against it. 1f obivi-osy naes!r. it more irniortant tn &!,r :,.?ra. that what hik beer Ins in de eleo tion shall not be lost in ite nomination also. If it be iost thete too, atll will be Itopeleply lost. To smulermtaud the full force of tie remark, it must be recollected, that the nominatinn is'te cessary to make the vote of the Electoral Cot-. lege certain. One indeed of the liding and avowed objects is to atwoid division, in orer fe prevent the ektaion frs gOng into the Haes where the vote is by States. and where the largest and the smallest, New Yrl and Dela, ware, stand on the same level. The cert.in conseqsuence of the nomination is to depri'e the smaller States of the chance of tins contingent advantage, given them by an express provis ion of the Constitution. in order to compensate for the advantae which the larger States have in the Electo College. It forms one of the cowpromises in adjusting the relative weigst of the States in the Executive Department and not an unim portant one. as it came fros- the. hands of its framers, We wish to be under stood. We are not the adyocates of carring the election to the House. We know that e are strong reasons against it and we are on cerely desirous of avoiding it. if it can be done on fait and equal terms; but we are not so blind as not to see. that as things now stand, if the smaller States and less populous sections, should surrender this contingent advantage, without securing in the nomination a compen satiqn. which would preserve the relative weight assigned them, by the Constiution, they eAill virtually surrender all control over the residential election and the Executive De rtraeu'. jhe plan of the Richmond Conventio i'docsa9t Agenre it; on the contra ry. it is apparant from whath-as already been mated, that in going into a Convention on that plan. so.far frQ4 securing compensation for surrendering their contingent advanape. tie smaller States %yould have even less wegist in thiConvention, anl nomination, tlia in the Electoral Collygandel-ctiun. -%. But the ca" ifs'sill.stronger. .As weak as the mode of voti"g and~counting wioid make in the'Conriation, under the plan9f the Rich mond Convention, they would bd niidd still more so, under that porthouof it, Ghich re cominenda four Delegates toh Wappointa&':r each Diotrict. as we shall next proceed to show. Its obvious eekt will be to gtve a much larger number of Delegates to the central and contiguous Biates, than to the exterior and re mote; for the plain reason, that they could attend widla far less relative inconvemience. ex penase and time. The modi remote of their Delegates could go aiid return home in a few days. at the evpe-nse of a few dollars. and with baut little sac-rihce of time and convenience, ow ing t, time rnearness and great facilities which rail roads and steamboats afford for travelling. in that portion of thme Union. Such would not be tihe case with the Delega tes from the exterior and more remote States. To them the expense time and srihce would interpose- formidable abtactes agtainst attending. The result would le, that froan thae one there would be a full ot tendanica, and from thme other athin one. One wul.i send a bot of five hundred or six 5n dred Delegates, anad the other a handful, proba bly of scarcely an hundred. lIe has a very im perfect knowledge ofour nature, who does not aee in this a great relative incremse nifinluence anid weight to the States whihshould send the most, amid diminution to those which should mend thre handful. The voice of thet many wouild be aiuasim sore to drown dint of the few. lBmt thi relative increase of weight in the Conventsion of the central and contiguous States wouatl he in reality. buat a relative itn crease of thme weight of the large~r members of thie Union. as those baring the greatest popu larion are in fact, for the most part, the cen tral and contiguous States, while the less pop nionsr generally, are thme exterior and remo.te. Tice two causes then, though apparentlyv oper ating amnonag the ditTerent classes ol States woutd', in faet. unite anmd combine to increase slic relative infaienc, of the sanme States and portins of the Union, and would by their joint opeoration give them an overwhlminmg weight Irn the Convention, anal throuagh it, aver the nonmina-ioai: thar election and Executive De We have now we trust conclusively shown. tihat tie plan of the Richinuond Conrvention, isa time mode sivoinfhnd coumnting at reenmmerno mnstead of conformin to. departs whIohy from the analogy of the EeoalCollege, and that it adopts a prineriple a know'n to the Consti totion, and whiich in it~s opeiation would de stroy thte relative .vei'ght of the States. as fixed by its comupobnisesln the ' e n~o of President and Vice-P'reside9m; ari of'cdrse, nut stand ing the test of the principles to whieb we pro posed to bring it, shoud be rejected.. Soelear amid just is tis conclusion to our minds, that we hasard nothingin assertitg,. tipt no State wouald venure to propose, as an amendment to the Constitution, the mode of voting ari counting recomnme'nded to the Richmond Con vention, containing, at. thir same timne, s' pr-o vision to divest the snmaller States-of their con tingent advantage, on thh election devolving on time Houise ; or that, if propiostd, it woumld not receive the vote o(a single State in the Union. so strnng would be the senre ofjmsmstice agianat it. And yet, if that pltan should become the precedet, and general Con veiitions for nisini ating Presidents and Vice Presiaents tthe eis tablished practie it would,lneffiect,stnperede the existing rovistoprs itt eference to those elections, an becdkadi virtually, a part of the Constitution; se maclt so as if(formerly adop ted as an amendmet't But if the mode oftt anil counting re commetaded by that pasfaonld be rejected, as it seemas to des it eler oabght to be, and the p ait adbpted, as Imus he in conform ts th onstitution, alten the inthear ' n~t of tie plan, whichauecommendsfouar useattes l appointed from each election District .btsl sleathe rejeted. The reasson is plain: ii would be incompaible with the ptr capils ,mudeofroii. wb'ch. in brder to praserie the ielative wig . of the States. as fSied by the midake-t seiy. that each Ob the amse Waasber-efdele s in the Gieia Cpnvenui thai=t 10tin the College. srel'liowever. pos. dicb'to spet this 4.bject' indIle-aeber. of deegva~t sfrunr rath istriet, reCOtIsINGded by the Richmond Conveatio, it W e . an ander the teot of the *her pria*-4plWe .mbicMk sequire; tivst every praenevble-meacns aUld - Us adopted, in order unm-t the General Conven tiiin should utter truly thevnice of the ple, Mn cotra distinutron to that nionere p *tiam To t"-:: effret. it is indiopenab the delegates shAuld. i all popsidal cases, he-diseotfap pinted by the pepl-..' Tbb -agu. oer ofintermediate bodie, .bde r813e ap pointiment is remove s . --he feebler will be tbeir voisuide 1ia nems. tential that of political uaagrS ,.*as. which constitutes the grt andfasatdecties. to ap utingelegates by State Conveuriu.. tiee two ar dhrnee daseaeogiiiti Ieople. However proper, they maii make previlas M eg ..Pte*.p _40 their appointme~nt, it as b",ardous to haxtha to thens. I it be lt61b ieurit wouldieain to hope it would not he ii . Weime, hchen nel by which - i i rnleeneu=and even corraptian i teietrfamw*Ue proceedings of the Cdiveo" , &igk it. the nomination and etic could be betteridvised; to 'lVd dmm .W or expet to t ef isp. tion. and. tiaslistetbe poweror words.to divest the peopleo the election, and to transfer it;h control over the Executive - I* those whoI hold or seek 'to hold 'here iis a proclivity in all popirar Govern 1146'-t th'at result, which etar' be preveisd''oaly by ins greatest Cnution and vigilance. Suca is the danger of appoiiting ihe-des gates by'Statecocventiont; and our sents. to tii plan of the Richmond ConventitwMdeb purpoeffour delegate to eeb districti's.- that at has die atme tendency, though ismewmo fuly.i.wakien the -voice of-the peoe-4-a*d str'engthn if cf political amage-.- Teia. erease the nuimber of-delegaes to be'appoin ted from eth dimtrict, l- but to increase the nedessity of a cac;st 'Mke the nomiusinc of die caundidates. The Pearer the membwe to he appointed, the strongir di' tendey: to dhtracioilan4d'Akfusse, abla~ih *seity-of seh caneus to' nakld noiintst ad d geeter that neessi, the less wilfbe bhe earn. trol of the peole the district-over dieap. pointment, anhde greateAUis er WIn trigme. The mosffectual^ e tr their control, and means orgiviag the appoinment in reality to the people, is-o each-isti -.to, appoint one delegte. Whereone only is o" be appointed. ite districtis'divided a refe enae to the Presidentialandidases,'the Asmad course will be. that some one prnsinent iMi vidual on the side ofesch oftietwoet pop..* Iar candidates, shall e r for-the ,pfae-of deleate. and will eneasethrdisrrcli behalt of hs 'ar alar favorite ; than'whih me con ceivabl mode is beter calc.led' to make known the qualication of *-dAidas=ssad thereby enable the people to omne ton- e- . lightened selection, Having, now stazed fradyad fUidys et not as rfa as we wrent.- Obje"" to0 plan of i tb couve 'O'treaia to set farth the reasons for ou -of Marylandplan. Itwll not se very elaborate, as the rests aganstefor' tuer are, in fact, the great and conAlusive-se. sons in favor of the latter, so *uriking& dhe contrast between thetwo. - We, then; are In favor ofth.meN pu -n. becan the time it fixes en aMold Oenisal convention affords ample alt'for .thes peopn ha p aaal . tew p.. In referenee.torth d .rldMs' aed enabe tigeso markab coneteoftheprein - inent frilnd. of*6 uese lencndidatme wth new Congess j6ar be.s-em1d in Decmerss next, on -uoestlorevita-hapsanane y srog beanagon the-futue eoksselFthGee beeansecit.is a eontenisni snd pen.smus of the year, which will be fvorsb(Wamefall attendance of delegates, especiay. di e distant States. -. --- Baa we are especially in its favor, because' its recomameadations'conform, as sras may be, to thes great funidamentul -principles by which aflprnpositions connected. wash dhe convention eughtto be treated. Takes s a. whole, we are of opinion it has adulpted time most etficient wean. .that can be -devised, in order that the voice of time conveution thuS be the voice of the people, in contra-distinction to the voice bf pohatiesaas.and of preserving the relative weight of the States in the Pa-sidsut'a' election, as fixed by the constitution. Itasceares a cotupensation, at least in a great depe, bay the appointment of the delegates by districts,' and voning per capira. for the surrender, which the smaller ditates and less poptalous portionis of the Union make, by goimg anto a conven tio, of their cotingenlt advantage in case of the election devolving on the Houss. Ih s here'proper to rearkt. in order to avoid uie cnrtason, that in is ' on preserving the rilative steighat of the smlr' States we' are not actauatad by the slightest feeling of op position to the larger. We would tnct, if.we could, subtract a grain from therelative weight aigned them by the constitution. We held that the interest, and the prosperity and hap. pinaess of each and all are best promoted by, a rigid con formity in all things toth the balance of thW Goveranment deaaish and it is principally because we behere it-dee. that. that we gave our adhesion tomthe Nary land plan. We have now deelarid our ie z epflildy' and frankly. on the points an relation to ther conventiona which, ats we believe; remain ena settled by the public voice. Ourcbjieti e t to throw diffielkies in the W's .ofa Generab coerium, norto diset-?er~d -cuorn- - anon patty. It ia the roeers, to-hastnonixe. and unite; whire., aecoading to out opneepties can only be doneobysacaians adnly ato reason~justice, equity, patriotisse, andi saitution. These are. we aintk, the sulycu. dation on whieb the Republican party ea or oughtaostand; and a strict coofcu e*USeat in practice. the only means bywieb~usao and harmsony can be prsre nour .ak. - The objections we hae .statd agamat the plan to which' we ate opposed, and sit.4W of the "ate we support are of' a ga? cbarater' going to the prncisples of the constatn, ta.d uome of itamotsacredeomproeiAnnd whiel toueh in their bearings, the very'yituI of cur pohitical hystem. If they are ue, tbey-must, in the opinion ofall who valve the Ucenun and theeconstitution, settle the points ordife enee in flavor' of that which we, in common with so many other States. recomametnd. The questics then is. are they tre ? what te. are', isoot solemn conviction, and atask is. that thme reasonas we have advanced in their favor should bie careafully, impartislly,id die passioutately weighed; if naot assed to. the opposing reasons presented is tihe nae epirat of troth and frankness, in which earsurisvs been advanced, If we are Wang Wuahul he happy tn. be pat right. Trtath len oorsiteb. jeet. - Bjit as long as convinced thatwe ate right jt canOt be a et4we shah sm than the Pissi ' ;rast we1ree eadit vi iniherslf, the planefivinsutnention ..... eenosi5a~ed ooppsa.Would be