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lisceIlaneous. From the Carolina Planter. A meeting of the citizens of Barnwel District was held at the Court House ot sale day in January, for the purpose o furning a District Agricultural Society. Oat motion. Jennings O'Hannon Esq. was called to the chair, and Joseph G. W. Duncan appointed Secretary. After the meeting had been organized, Col. Janme H. Hamniond, it a brief but satitfuctory manner explaitned the object for which the citizens had been called together. His re marks were listened to with the deepest in terest, coning as they did fromt ne of the best planters in the State. Col. H. in conclusion moved that a -listrict Agricul tural Society be formed forthwith, and that a committee of seven be appointed by the chair, to draft a constitution for the gov ernment of the same. The motion havin been unanimously adopted, the chair ap poiuted the following committee, Col. James I. Hatmmond. Rev. D. Peeples, Maj. J. G. Brown, Col. S. W. Truti, George R. Dunbar, Dr. C. K. Ayer, anm Col. Jesse Rice. The commitee having retired for a short time, reported the following constitution .ach article being separately acted upon, the whole was unanimously adopted. CONSTITUTION. Article ist. The unidersigned agree ti form themselvesinito a Society, to be cal led the Agricultural Society of Barnwell District. Article 2nd. Every person signing now this consiiution, and paying one dollar per annum to the Treasury, shall become a member, but after the ftrst anniversary, persons wishing to become nembers must be proposed by some member, and may be rejected by three dissentimg voicee. Article Ill. There shall be a President. ten Vice President,;, and a Secretary, and Treasurer. of the Society, to be elected at each Anniversary meeting. Article IV. There shall be two meet ines of the Society-one on the first day of the Spring Term Court, and the othei on the firt lay of the Fall Term Court. The latter shall he theAniversary meeting At the same time there shall be a show oi stock for premiiuns, and an Oration. Article V. Tie following pretninmi shall he awarded fur the following pri. zes, viz: A cup of the value of ten dollars for the best three year old colt or filly. Do do do Two years, Do do do Best Stallion, Do do do Best Cow, Do do do Best Bull, Do do do hest Calf. Do do do Best Ram, Do do do Best Ronr, Do do do Best Sow, A committee of ten shall be appointed at each Ainiveruary to award the premii urns at the one succeedin, six of whom shall be a quorunm, and a majority of whotn shall decide tall questions, te Chairimau of said commtittee to fill in it all vacancies which may occur. Article Vt. AL commit tee of three shall be appointed on the varintis tnethods ol cultivating cottou, and to recommend tht best. Article VII. A committeeof threeshaill bo appointed t. report on 'hp various mieth ods of cultivating- corn, and to recomment the beat. Article Vill. A committee of three sial be appointed to report on the various rteth ods of manathgiog saw mills, and the hum her btsiness in general, and recomirent the best. Article iX. A committee of three shall le appointed to report mon the variom~ breedlsof cattle anid mtethiods of managing them, tand recomtaend the best. Article X. A cornmtitnee of three shalj be apaptoited to report on the varion breeds of hoge, and miethods of maanagmaa thema, amid to recommenad the best. Article Xl. All these commttittees shall be staumlitng cotmmnittees, to lhe reatppointed at each Anniversary, anti to repiorm every year thte chtan'ges andl improvemnaits rela ting to the differeait subjects cornmitted to their care. Article XIH. Any member so disposed shall he alltowed to readl to the Society, any metmoir not exceedling 20 mitnutes in length, on any matters connected with Ag. ricuhunre. Article XIII. The President and one Vice Presidlemt, and in case of the dear or removal of the President, anay two Vice Presidents, may order the Secretary t call an extra mteeting of the Society at any time, andh the Societ3 whet nmet, may atdjouirn fron day to day to mneet againt. Article XLV. Any uttaher of mtembers may meet and atdjourn,%nat no business shall bc transiuited unless 20 miembers-are presenit. Mr. James Clark introduced the fohlow ing resolution, which was untanimously adopted. Resolved, That the President, by atnd with thte atdvice oaf the Vice Presidents, be authorized to al-point committees to re port on any subject connected with A gri. culture. Col. James H. Hammond then moved that the Society enater into an eleetiou for ritficers, when'the following Gentlemeni were elected. Presiudetnt. Hon. Angus Patterson. Vice Presidents. L. M~e. Aver, Darline Peeples, Stephien Smith. Dr.'John S. Bel. litnger, Capt. Wmn. Bush, B. H. Brown, Joseph Howell, Zachariah Graham. Fred. erick J. Hay, and Haunsfordh D. Duncan. Secretarvy. Charles C. H ay. Esq. Treasurer. Jos. G. WV Duncan, Esq. Anniversary -Orator. W. Gilmnore, Simms, Esq. On motion, the Chair then appointed connnittee of three, consisting of Col. W.1 S. Troitti, James Paitterson. atnd Jos. G. W. Duntcan, to acquaint Mr. Simmns, who wal Dot present, of his having been tunanimous ly elected I rator of the Society. Col. Hammond then moved that the thanks of the tmeeting be tendered to the President anti Secret ary, thbat the proceed ings he forwa:-ded to the CarolinaPlanter, with the request to publish the samne, and that the Society adjnurn until the first day of Spring Tiernt Court. JENNINGS O'BANNON, Chairman. .1. C7. W. DUNCAN, Sce'ry From tAe Charleston Courier. PUBLIC MEETING., At an adjourned meeting ofthe citizens of Charleston, couvened at the City Hall, purstant to notice, the meeting was.organ ized by the Ilon. Ii; L. :Pickney,. Mayor of the Ciiy, taking the. Chair, aud C. B. Northrop, appointed Secretary. The Committee, composed of the fol lowing gentlemen. James Rose, H. L. Pinckney, TristramTullperF. H.Elmnore, Esgs. and Dr. Mendenhall, submitted. through their Chairman, the Hion. Thoms Ienuett, the follow ing Report ;nd Reso lutions, were unanimously adopted. REPORT, That they have conferred generally witl Mr. Shultz, on the various topics which relate to'the-c:uses practically ohstructing the growtn of Hamburg, and incidentally affecting the interests and trade of Charles ton: and that a course of operations can be devised, which, when matured and conl ,'utmated by experience, will be prosecu ted and sustained by public opinion. - To build up and establish a Town, tn der the most favoring auspices, is ant I1er culean labor, involvin great hazard. Such an enterprise demands for its sue cessful accomplishment, a combination of talent. an unison of interests, and a com mand of capital. which can but rarely be 'invested in such uundertakings. To at temypt therefore a work ofsuch magnin'tde in the inmmediatte presence of, and in direct competition with the commercial energies of a long established and flourishing city, and iN the tnomnert of a splendid anl suc cessful career, by a single individual, strug iling with misfortune, opposed by the pow er of wealth and influene, and the great variety of interests, his success would probably invade or impair-indicates a mind of no ordinary activity and enter prise, and of enditring perseverance. Mr. Shultz has ef'ected this work. lie has achieved as much under such detering cir cunstance, as could have been accomplish ed-and having placed his town on a res pIectable footing, claims from Charleson ito other aid than her own iutercsts sug wests. lie represents to your comnmittoe that the city of Asgust a, possssii: every fia cilty for advancing scienies of the most extensive mercantile transactaons-oi hintes with the high inflnence of this conii tion, at exclusive control of the means of connunication front one side of the river to the other-said, as an inducements. to the Planters of South Carolina to trade in her market. gives a free use of her bridge-, to all who may cross with their produce to Augtsta. With larger capital and more varied and extensive stocks of merhean dize-her tetchants are farther aided by large enissions of pater front the Georgia banks, which, elatnatintg front sources ir responsible to us, circulates at a oisidera. bly depricated valuie. This paper occus pies within onr own State a very extentled field ofeirculation, anal as well firom the piitlic necessites as ilt contracted action ,if our own hanks, will lonpz, if not perma nenttly supply the demand or the nithole interior country. thereby rendering our own citizens tribusary to the banks of Georgia. to an amount greatly exceeding Ote interest of the sumt thus circulated. With such advant ages, A ueusta rotmiandl a very large portion, naIl only of the interi ar trale of the State of Georgi;, ulit of South Curolina-awl with t comntienda bh- State pride, yields to Savannah the trlite of her best success. In all thip, yotr committee can (iscern nothing for -mplaint ar eetsaare. Ia the rae of ci mercial enterprie ntd adventure, Atigts In is now hold and active and coteqet-r Ilv nore stccessful--and if firomiSout Car. olitna cana derive the tmeants sof adlvancintg he interests of alse l-',mporitum sof her swtn stte, she aloes nto more tha~n the attach mettt of our ownt mesrchants wuld induae temt to do for Chmalestn. liercourse is fair anal hottorable, and shouldi stimulate ts to a comnpetititin, shae neither dlepre caes nor fears, anid to whichl her success ivites as5. It is mnre diffscuslt to devise a remnedy fr, tatt to trace the causes aof our limniteda share iu the bttsineuss of the interior saf these tawo St ates. Thse relastivei positionis onen piiedl by the Bantks olfGeorgia and sof this Site, fursnish causes for ste apprehsenston that ito effectual remedy couald be at once applied. The bills oh the Georgia Bantks sre even in the city of Angusta-as 100 tat 94 or 5 of the Battks of South Cairolina :andl a muach greater depreciattiog m0ust ne eessarly resault front the opponsmtt poliey of the Banks int these respective Slates. With a dlepreciatedl cuirrentcy, a soiunda currency, cananot co-extst-for if the faor mer he sustained by pusb'ic opinion, the latter must retire. The gaviermsngt imuntl 5es ofindt~ividu~al interest antd thait spiriit oi cuidity wvhich entters largely inito the comnmon transactions of life, alike forbid it. The Planter whto receives, a Italf cent more for his Cottons, because the currenucy in which he is paid is of intrinssically less vale, thant it represents, will not tf ast serve to the fill amnottnt of the value it represents to pay his debts aitd procure tse usual supplies for his family anid plan tition, consent to exchanign it att a loss of or 6 per cent for the bills of other Banks or even for specie, for the samne uses. Nor will he take home with him either of the latter comamodit ie) if ty exchangisng thetn ie can procure a larger amosunt aif mtoney that will answer all his peirsotial, and da mesie necessaries. From these and va ios other causes, bills of par value, will not be received into the general circulation but returnedl as rapidly as they appear umpon the Banks that issue them-while a base anal depreciated currency will through conventional obligations or of necessity continue to occupy its sphere of circulation. At Augusta, therefore, the largest inte rior mtarI for the produce of these States, the depricated bills of both will be most likely to concentrate-and in a steady and uiform current exist the pernicious in luene ascribed to them; nor can ii be arrested but by legislative action or, the slower processe of commercial operations. These are in the chief the causes to whtich Mr. 'Shultz refers, that obstruct the. trade between Charleston and Hamburg, .direct its course to Augusta ansd S 1 .: nah, in direct Opposition to the mani and numerous advantages which the former holds out. And as remedial ofthse evils they inflict, be proposes that the Di ...ctor. of the Rail Road Companv., sboold at once proceed to construct on their launds in the Town of Hamburg extensive ware houses capable of i-ecsiving'froTii'20 to twehty-five thousand bales of Cotton, or in the-eveni of their refusing to do so, that he would lease their lands and constrict such an establishment as his own private cost--and when completed, to be organ ized by the Board of Directors, in such. manner-as to etlecl the most perfect secu rity to the.interests of those wi o may here after be engaged under the following ar rangement. To establish agencies in the town of Hamburgh, by the Banks of this State, or companies of individuals, inter ested in the prosperity of Chatleston, Hamburg. and of the State generally. That such agents should be supplied with adequale credit or sums of money for the purchase of allthe Cotton that may be of fered at Hanlurg-and fully authorized to advance on such purchases, a Sulu equal to three-fourths or four firihs 'if the actul value of such cotton. Such advan ces to be m-de only, on the presentation of a ticket or certificate from the Superinten dent of the ware. hose-itn which he shall represent that the coting has been actual Iv delivered at the ware-hoti-e. and is in iis keeping-and also he number ofhales weight, and quality of the cotton. On the delivery of which ticket, by the lioider or owner of the cotton, and a draught'on his factor, agent, or friend in CharlestOn. ai vances in the proportion stated shall be made, to the purchaser or owner. of such Cotton. The Rail Road Cormpany to have the right of charging the usual rates of storage -the transportation, and all incidental ex penses to be incurred in the management and sate keeping otf sneh deposites of Cot toti, and to be accountable for the delivery of the several parcels to their respective consignees; but no delivery shall take place or be made at the Charleston wrare houses, until the whole amount of the ex penses incttrred lie rully paid, and the tick et or certificate given by the Superinten dett at Hamburg, he delievered to the Superintendent at Charle.ton. In addi tion to the present iians of transport;atioi lby the Rail Road, Mr. *h:ltz proposes the establishment of a line of hait t) be exclusively emp;loyed in 'he traiisportation of proiluce on the Savannah River and to Charleston-this latter establishment to orgtanize its own plan of operai)tns. and he respionsible for the delivery of all the Cotton received onl freight from the ware liousis in Hamhurg. to the Soperitntendent of tle Rail Road Company's ware-hotues in Charleston, subject to the rules and con ditions previously stated. The most cursory view of this project, as here stated, will suggest the onmission d details-and of which nust flow from the combined counselsof the several parties interested. The genethl outline is all that is required, in a report like this, and which, in the opinion of your Committee, pre sens features of a hold and striking char acter; esseitially plausible. andapparently advantageous to the interests of the State enerally-oaf the City of Clirlestoi, and Town of Hanmburg, and to those more itm mediately interested in the en:erprise. Ii is not only fewihle. but cominends itself to neceptnee from the imnense hnterests in volved-tnterests essentially otr own, and which may eventually 'ie lost, through our 2apinetness or neglect. The pr sent monient is not however atspicions to the creation or direction of ca it:al, to need, any extensive enterprises, though simplein e-xetention, and certain in ihi-r resit;. The high value of money arising fromi the extreme scarcity of, and eneral d-mand fir it-the deep obligations which restrain and t'tters the issues of our Banks, and t1e increasing obscurity and great uncertainty whieb shadows lint monetary systenat generally admonish to the utmtost cauttion. Indeed the general pressure is at that moment so severe, that yuir Committee wotild pa:Ne in advan cing any effoirts for the itmm ediate.consum mtaniotn uofthe design-and all these mo tives require additional force, a hetn it is recollected h~ow futile the efo~rt would be to attemtpt to force a circulation of the hills of .Banks at par value, itnto an atmos phere tainted by an unsound -and hetero genionis currency. Ott the other hand, your Cotmittee wottld assert foar M r.Shultz, a title to Lrea pautlic coinsidleration anal respect--cairms which will be readily andl cheerfully cn et-ded tot him, when iF is recollected that in~ 1S21, tho preset thawn, or rather (site) of hlambnurg wvas valued at no mnore tan Sy000, and wit h scarcely a satiflcient tratde lir the dlecnt supJport uof a sintgle fataily, froma which cotitionf, ati chiefly through his indivitdual exertions, a toawn has beeat built tip, the assessetd value of the Rteal Estate in which, npaproachaes to'40)0,000; pays tunnutally itao the coffers of the State. b tax exceedlirg foutrteen huandjetd dollars, atd tratnsacts a commaterciail business re /qtiritg a capital of nearly two million dtllars lFromn fifty to sixty thntusatnd hales of cottin are received through enuh season at Hamburg. illustrating the tru that additiotnal capit al only is, required a cosummiate t ho miost san gnined attli pations of its foutder. Should the foster' ing care of ranr own city he extetnded on the conditions on whit-l it is tnow asked, ano exhibit., wottld, in a very fewr years. be present ed, wvhicht woulId conclusively es alilshltthe fact, that tan onion of ehits anti counsels woulad greatly atdvanace the inter ets both of Charleston and Hamburg, With these imapressions, your Commiittec respectfully submit ste following Resu lutini: Risolved, That it he recommendedl t the Board of Directors of the South Caro lia Canal ad Rail Roati Company, tr consider the expetdiency of establishing with the least practicable delay, capacious ware hotuses, both in Charleston and H-am hrg, in furnhorance of the measures sug gested in this report. Resolved, Thtat it be recommended tn the several Banks of this State, to take this subject into conisideration, and if con sistent with their interests, to establish Branches or Agencies at Hambunrg, with~ a view to aid in the object proposed. Resolve-d. That we don recommend tc those of our Fellow-Citizenls, who may be disposed to'make partial investmetss o~ their capital. to take the several ma~tters containted in this Report into their serious cosideration, and particularly so much o1 it as vcfrm to a line- of water comimunica tion, in aid of the means of transportation offered by the Rail Road. THOMA$ BENNETT, JAMES RO'S, HENRY L. PINKNEY, TRISTRAM TUPPER, FRANKLIN H. ELMORE, Dr.T. 1). MENDENHALL. The enterprising founder of. Hiamburg. Mr. Henry Shultz, addressed the meeting, and in a brief an.1-feeling manner expres sed his acknowledgments tlor the consider ution of the citizens of Charleston, and especially for the countenance and sup port lie had received for his enterprise from the Hon. Mr. Bennett, while Gov ernor. - Ott motion of Alexander Black, Esq., the Report and Resoltions, and the pro ceedings of the meeting, were ordered to be published. There being rio further business, the meeting adjutirned. H. L. PINCKNEY. Chair'm C. B. NoaRTiaUP, Secretary. From the Georgia Journal THE GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. There are inore instances than one, in which the South, the traduced, the slan dered South, has been treated with the basest ingratitude by those'who have been the recipientis, in former days, of her fa - voors lavishly hestowed upon them. How many an enterprising- young man, reared in a mnore non hern clitnehas been tempted to abandon his home, the home ofhis youth and in the "sunny South". to seek after fume, fortune, and a narne! How many have succeeded, au are nowi etnjoying the highest confidence of those among whom they have cast their lot., t he history ofeach Southern State tells upon every page. On the other hand, there are those whom avarice, or stert necessity, has driven from their hearth stone, and who, urged by the character of our people abroad, have sought for a h6ne in the Sont", to relieve their necessities or to minister to their avarice. The welcomne extended io these, lacked nought of what is charac teristic or our people. When called upon to habour in their prufession, the most get crou, recompense repaid themi in n tenf jd degree fur the sea vices they hnd roodereei. In health, they maet with the most lilral encouragetnetit to pursue the profre.sion which each one iad marked ont for him se. Time lawyer seldom wanted for a fee-the Physiciai, if skilful. ir a patient -the Tencher, fur pupin. lu sickness. they were not desenied. The Southern tuatron has oietn watched ever the couch, upon which the emaetted hirni of tlhe northern vonth lav stretched otder the influence of a scorchitng fev. r, produced by it Southern sutn. Evea now, there are lunadreds within the limits of Georgia that acknou ledge "north of the Potomac" as their home, upon whom the kindly offices of our people are bestowed, and their lrtunes ad edl unto. Can they too prove ungrateful? We trust tat. A mong those of the later class of recipi ents of Sonthern hiospitalily, ofwhom we hovespokeni, we are constrained to name the GOVERNOR of tne STATE of NEW YORK-him, who now plices the weapon in the hands of thc nholitionist a -;trike the blo e aimed to destroy donthern Iustitutions, and as-nil Southern Rights. Alsout twenty veursazo. necessity drove the now Gov. SEWAID into the State of Georgia. Huible then as his preten sions, he sougzht nt the hands of the despi sed, nnd now iraduced slave holder, the means ofsuhsistence. He olTered his ser vices as ant instrnctor of youi.h. awi fwnid employment in) the adjoininig rotnty of Put nao. The most liberal patrona-ge t Ii I d people. who kne w how to apyreciate merit, could btestow. was hestow'.d upon the theo utipretenidinig qchoolmaster. The hospital ities of the citizens of that county. n ere extended to the stranger. andc bte knew no want, whi ~h was itt the poweA'r or the people to prevent. Entough was accutmu lated by hirn at the South, to pursue his studies at the North, and he bade a basts adieu to htis early benefactors. In his tmore recent career he appears to have for got tent those who adtniniistered to his neces sities in the hour of his need. This tman is now the foe of the South. The doct rinies which lhe advancres in his reply to the Govornter of Virgitniat. are tmost dangerous toour righits of~ property, atnd to otar very existeince. That he itn his conscience be lieves they are the funidametntal doctrines of the Cotnstitution, n'e have tnever for a momenat believed. They are advanced, only foir the pturptose of promoting the cause of the fatnatical abolitionist-to pander to prejudice and igntorance-and to promote his own selinsh vie ws. Of stieh a man, we can ottly snty, - E hraim is joined to his idols, let him, alone !" From the Charleston Mlerenry Feb. 23. To Ite11on.4Henry L. Pinckney, Mayor of Charleston. Sir-The alarm of fire was given on Saturdtay night, 22d1 inast., at uiarter past 12 o'clock. The fire commttetnced in the lower part of a three story brick. House. No. 73, East Baty, owced by M.-. Benj. Smith. The lower part of the building was occuplied by Mr. Justeph Hendricks, as a clothing store, atnd thse, tpper part as a pirivate dwelling, by Mrs. Mutir. The entire stock of clothinie was cotnsumed, which wvas insured itn the Western Trust Company. Gen. for 86000; the wood work of the store, comnpletely dettolishedl. The occupants in thec upper part Elf the House, were in itnmtinenit dlanger, having but one narrow passage oin the street, to make their escape; the statir case being frerpttetnt ly itn fir t. By the prottplt arrival of the fire. en mod a goodl suipply oif water from the rt er, the fire was arrested itt the store in wh~ich it conmmenced. A str'et exatni nation in o the causes of the fire has been made, and Iound to be the act of an inicen iary. i remain. yoturs very respeetfttlly, Rt. S. HA M ETT, Prinei, al Ettg'r, Fire Departmtent. GEoaGA.-The Georgia Delegation is mnatnm a stir itn Congress. As a body. they are a -et of talenned, honerable and indIepen-lent meti, reflecting by contrast a dlark shade upon their predecossors. Int poiirs, they are like Joseph's coat of many a o!ors. in regarud to the adlminis tration. 10e are wvrotng-radically wrotng. They u-e o 'nosed to Mr. Van Buren, lint will't, y, dare they unite wvith the WVhig Party it promoting the election of Go. Ilarrison. If they suiTer teir partisan zeal to lead them so. far in. the race 6f oppositio.u as even to give negative sup port to the whig Candidaie, they will meet a signal rebuke from their conslituents, who whatever may be their local disputes decidedly-prefer Mr. Van Buren to General Harrison.-St. Joseph 'l'imes. EDGEFIELD C.11. FRIDAY. MARCH 6, 1840. To Subscribers.-Orders front subscri bers for a discontinuance of the paper, sev eral weeks after the expiration of their year. will not be noticed, if the Proprietor believes that they are able to pay. To snch the paper will be continued. This is a standing rule of the office. Having ascertained, that a numbei of our subseribers would suffer inconvenience, if we published our paper on Saturday, as we ex pressed our intention of doing, we have con cluded to publish it on Friday this week, and in future, to publish it on Thurdays. We publish to-day,'the S.eNic-of the Hott. S. H. butler on the stbject of Abolition. It is decidedly creditable to him, and will add much to the reputation lie already enjoys. We are iudelted to the lion. John C. Cal houn, for a pamphlet copy of his speech,"qn the Report of Mr. Grundy, of Tennessee, in rela tion to the assumption of the debts of the States, by the Federal Government. Seanate U. S. February 5th, 1840." We will publish this a ble speech at an early day. We have received from the Hon. F. W. Pickens. several Washington papers, and his Speech "on the Two Per cent. Fund, the Cum berland Road, and the Power of the Govern ment. to make Internal lmprovements." We have spen a letter dated the 21st uIt., written by a resident of Jefferson c. Florida. to a gentleman in this neighborhood, from which we have been permitted to make some extracts. We 6e rn that a Planter in the county above mentioned. made, dtring the past year. deren bales and one-third. to tne hand. These bales wll average three hundred and fifty pouds. This very snceessfutl Planter, asks if Mr. Kil crease, of our District, has dotie better than this. We regret to say, that we believe he has not. We make the following extract concerning the Indians: " No Indian news. sinco my last. I believe all dangers are past for the present, and I hope forever, as we now have the bin' hounds, and it is said they can fo'ow for twenty-tour haours, after the Indians are pote. Be this as it may,, I think thie Indians are very fearful of them. The inhabitattts are returning to their deserted home's belowf me, and consequently. w - c: tno be in danger, until they again fly, which, I hope, will never be." MInch speculatin has been indulged as to the Course, which South Carolina will pursue in the cotinig Presidential election. she is gen erallysupposed ito be for the Adtninistration. When the time for action shall arrive, site will decide promptly and fearlessly. Whatever couare she may pursue, she will be Justified in her own eyes, and she n ill vindicate herself' before the face of the w:_ae Union. Iers has ever been the protud motto, Nil conscire sibi ; nulla palleacere culpa. So tmay it ever be ! The grand objection which is made hby the Whigs to the Democratic leaders is, that some of theta were fotrmerly Federalists. This is cotttinally cast itnto their teeth. It is said that tmen who once advocated the doctrice,' of Fed eralismn, cannot nowv be sincere in thteir profes sions of Demnocracy. They are called hypo crites -and decemvers of thme people. An Hlonorable Senator in Congress. (Mr. P'reston) in a speech d.-livered some titme since. said: a.Mi-. Presidlent, it nisiy ntot he, it is not possible, that he whlo itt his youth has been indturatedi in his advocacy lfar ponter, will be founad in his ago with a disposition to pull down that power. Thtese principles of freedom are peculiarly congenial tb the Cmteselsi5'of youtg and ardent hosoms. Bint when in early lifet all thtis has been re jIected.,wh'len the youth of twetnty oine does not feel the fire of Rmaui or Grechtn lib erty he may indeed believe in after life, thait he is appiroatchitng the great doctrines of repubtlica'tnisml. Bttt it cannot he. In youth tand age it is the sanme in politics as i:t love; and litr a man to grow republhican b, age is egally absurdl as if he couldl pass his otuth itn utter culdttess and apathy to, the fe -hng of love, andI thetn tunhis old age shoul I assutte or affect the passions and embotitns a ppropriate to his yountger years. It cannot he. It has beett said that the yountg mant who is not a detmocrat is a 'fool, atnd the old man who becomes so is a knave. It is the natural tendency of things. I can well itmagine that inm youth a matn may struggle agaitnst free notnons, anod in aft r life lhe may endeavor to square his prinsciles to the state of things in which he finds hittself u tnder free instittionms,and while his heart grows cold andl his head hot. he may fantcy that he is changetd itn his political principles. But it is altogeth er a mistake. Onuce a federalist is always a federalist; and Ii nill vetutre the asser tion that no gentlemnan who ini his younmger inays has denountt~cd the truth of the reso lutions of 179d, anud seceded from thema whatever may be his motives, will fitd his heart warmt towar I theta ina aflter life. Admit <ll this to be true,-What shall we say ofra utnmber of the Whtig leaders? Have they not beeni, and are they not now Federal ists? Federanists in the tnost odions setnse of the term? Are Clay, Wecbster. IRives, and others. State Rtights meni 1 What are they but Liberal Conzstrttctionists-Yeat Federnlists, dis own it as they may! We can very well apply the saying of Horace, that keeni satirist to nany ,the Wht gs. Mutato nomine. de. efabuia narratur. "oun smile at the satire whiile votn rupne it is levelled at atiollher. Yet if the ut1me ee altered, you would findit reach to'your own bu. siness and bosous." THE TAX ACT. The Act to raise supplies, passed at die last session of the Legislature, by I section, impo.. ses a tax of "thirty cents ad valorern on every hundred dollars of the value ofaillands granted in the State;" and by 15 section provides, that "each tax Collector shall require from the taxa ble inhabitants in his District, a return on oath ofthe true value of all the real estate re:urned by such inhabitants respectively, and no tax return shall be received which does not em brace such return of the value of real esta'e: The Comptroller General shall canusedutsrorms. of return to be printed to carry- out the obiect of this section, and shall report to the next Le gislature an abstract set ling forth the aggregate value of the real estate so returned in each tax col ection District, distinguishing between such real estate ase exists in towns and villages, - and such as is without the same." Some per sons, putting these sections together, have do duced the-conclusion that the tax upon lands was greatly changed and increased. This isrt an utter mistake; the general tax upon lands re. mains as it was the year before. The Gfrtsee.. tion, in the same words which have been long - employed for the purpose, lays a tax upon the:. ralue of lands, but this value is to be regulated..1 by a classification of the lands of the State as. they shall be rated for taxation, which has been the law of the State since 1784. The 15 See-: tion simply proposes to ascertain, in the mostr easy and practicable mode, the real value of the lands of the State as distinguished from the val-. ue, in some degree arbitrary, fixed by law. The whole direct effect ofthe section is to obtain statistical information, n hich may be valuable. in many respects; and there is no good reason. why any land holder should scruple to contrib ute his share to the general result. That this information when obtained by the. Legislature may lead to some change in the' mode of assessing the taxes upon lands, is possible, yet very improhnbi for many years t., come: hut the 15 section does not propose any such change, and it certainly was not as sented to by the majority with refererce to any such change. In the practice of legislative bodies, it is nnusual to reject any measure aor information n-erelywhich involves no great ex pense or difficulty. however the ulterior pur poses ofits advocates may be disapproved by the mnajority. So this section wits permitted to pass, although it was known that some-of its advocates did look towards a change of the land tax. For, the Comptroler General, in his last annual Report tothe Legislature. :ecommended, a repeal of the existing classification of lands as. unjust and unequal. and the imposition of tax es upon the actual cash value of lands, instead of the present assessed value; aid the Com mittee of Ways and Means. in the House, re ported a hill for the appointment of Commis sions to revise the existing system of taxation upon lands, so as to equalize its burdens thro ont the State. This bill was quietly laid upon the table. and we are informed, would not have passed the House; bit when a naked pro posal of inquiry was submvitted, by the 15 sec tion above uentioned,the courtesy ofthe House allowed it to ass without opposition. These m ements refer to a subject of deep interest to the hannony and welfare of the State, upon which the peop!e ought to be thor oughly infbrmed. The existing classification of lands to which we have referred. undoubtedly has the effect of assessing the valne of lands iu the lower country at a much higher compara tive rate than in the upper country, and seeas therefore to be opposed to that cardinal prii:ci tle in republics of equality ofburdens and bene fits amonig the citizens. This however is illu sory; and to f'ormn just conclusions we must con sier thus tmatter in contnexion with the adjust ment ofRepresenta tion, (the correlative of tax ation)in the State. The existing clas-ificationi of lands wvas annually enacted ini the Taux Acts, fromt 174-l to 1815, and in thes latter year, was maden pernmanent by law. Of course it pre vailed before the adoption of the State Consti tution, and modiified its form; and moure partttic ularly prevaiied long before the adoption ofthte amendmentt of .'808 fixing the basis of repre sentation in the Ho'iuse of Represcentatives, so commonly called the compromise betweeni the two sections of thme State. The lower country being divided into smaller atnd more numerous Election Districts thatn the upiper country. and every election District being entitled under the conistitutiom, to at least one memuber itt the Sen ate and onie memuber in the Ilouse of Repre sentatives, it follo.ws that there is great dispnri ty in the Represetntation mi favor of the lower country. Under the last apportionmnent of rep resentation, that section had two miembers in the House atnd nmany in the Senate more than it would be entitled to from population or wealth or any just combinatIn of the two principles. The restdlt oif the whole arrangement on the subject, is to give one section a majority of members in the House and the other in the Sen ate, and to each a check upona the other against any i;quitnus sectional legislation. We are very far firom objecting to this -arrangement, for we hold that in a commonwealhh constitu ted~ " parts having conflicting interests, the e can scarcely be to., mnitty 'checksand Lala ces.' But a- ti.e Upper Country needs no aiditotnal strength in the Ilonse, it can scarcely be ex pected to surrender the only coampensation it ever had for the preponderant repesetntatotn of the other si ctiont in the Senate. A compro mise implies mutual cession of advantages; bitt what cinceiva ble advantage has the lowver country surrendered, in the comupromtise of 1808, it Ie a it be the right of eqnality in the burdens of taxation ? When the Constitution wvas rhlti ted in. 100, the lower country paid nearly the wxuole taxes of the State. and ustly claimed thte control in the Legislature; but now, when that a ction t as I st its preponder ane in weih ne d pOt ihationi. and except in the rating of its landls. sustains not one unequal burden. prudee would sniatest that it is bet ter to b;'ar t:.s small evil than to provoke re for -vwh ch tmay prove much too thorough. Unie s, rhien, the returns of the l:mtdholders should emonstrate some such surange result, as that the iipp -r country is not relieved in the ein..i1 .y.tam of taxation of lands, or that the