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NO TURNING ASIDE SAYS 1 President Addresses Co phere of Any Confusi Teuton I ANSWER TO VON HERTLING Says Until Germany Meets Requirek ments America Will Continue Fight Which She Has Just Begun Washington, Feb. 11.?President Wilson addressed Congress today to -1 _ J 1 o / ciear wie aunospnere oi any COniUSion resulting from the recent speeches on peace terms by the German chancellor and the Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, and to reiterate that until the military masters of (Germany are ready to consider peace on principles of justice the| United States will continue the fight: it is just beginning for the safety j a Iui itseu axiu iiicmtviiiu. In the speech of Count von Hert-; lfng the German chancellor, the! President found no approach to the j path ?of peace, but rather a proposal to end the war on German terms and't# set up a league of nations to maintain the balance of power so established. Count Czernin, the Austrian spokesman, the President sjjid, employed a very friendly tone, seemed to see the fundamental elements of peace with clear eyes, and probably would have gone much farther if it had not been for Austria's alliances and her. dependence upon Germany. No Compromising. i Members of Congress accepted the address not as a peace message, but as a notice to the Central Powers 'that the United States cannot be turned aside from the object for which it is fighting and a warning to Congress and the American people that the task of sending the nation's fighting men to the front must not be interferred with by equivocal and misleading utterances of Teutonic statesmen. The Presi. *' dent was warmly received and cheered he concluded, and leaders! without respect to party, expressed !y approval of his words, e address had been prepared I conferences dufing the past' days with Col. E. ftk House, headed the American mission e great inter-Allied conference, sual, the President announced urpose only long enough in ad3 to permit of arrangement for nt session in the House chamBack to Fundamental*. bile in official and diplomatic ters today there was a disposito let the President's address Ic for itself without interpretathere apparently was no divis>f opinion on the point that his e object was to bring the exfficial negotiations as some ob>rs have termed the speech Iaxyig oi tne cniei statesmen of le nations at war, back,to the funimental isstfes, the settlement of itch question on principles of jusce, the cessation of the barter of rovinces and peoples; the settletent of territorial questions for the snefit of the populations concerned, nd finally the recognition of nation1 aspirations as a basis of permabnt peace. Reminder to Reichstag. Another purpose served, it was pinted out, is to remind the Geran Reichstag of the great distance tat Count von Hertling has travelL 1* 1 li .J 1 A. T._l .. i Iirom us resolutions 01 last juiy garding self determination of the *hts of small nations and peoples, ? annexations, contributions, or initive / damages. Responsible hoes among the German Socialists id Liberals may in the end bring, lminative pressure to bear upon b war lords at present controlling e fate of Germany. Still another Iject of the address, it is suggested Ls to serve notice in advance that y peace treaties resulting from ta Rrflcf.T ifattoI/1 nnw-fornnna wnnM vow-AJivvf iju 11W1 viivv nvuiu H? of necessity be regarded as bindup America or the Entente AlH HH All Mutt Take Part. ^^ We cannot have general peace for asking, or by the mere arrange-j j^^Knts. of a peace conference," Mr.i Bison said. "It cannot be pieced N^Kether out of individual under- j H^lndings between powerful .States. | MB PRESIDENT WILSON ingress to Clear Atmoson After Speeches of 'remiers. All the parties to this war rfiust join in the settlement of every issue anywhere involved in it because what we can all unite to guarantee and maintain and every item of it must be submitted to the common judgment whether it be right and fair; an act of justice rather than a bargain between sovereigns." The statement was made in high official quarters that the Entente Allies were not consulted by President Wilson in preparation of his address nor was it even made known to them that it was to be delivered. However, it was pointed out this fact was not to be taken as indicating any lack of unity of purpose and aims between the belligerents, as nowhere in his address did the President depart from any of the principles he has laid down in common with the British, French and Italian premiers in their preceding publiq. utterances regarding war aims. Diplomats Taking Note. Diplomats of the older school are watching with -keen interest the "extra official negotiations" which depart so radically from all of the ancient and accepted practices of diplomacy. They point out that peace negotiations on ' a great scale actually are going- on only instead of being conducted in the secrecy of the round table conference, which was the aim of the Central Powers in the early stages of the war, the great issues now are being expounded and critically analyzed in the light of publicity and the world's forum. President Wilson himself today seemed to recognize and call attention to the fact when he inquired, "Is Count von Hertling not aware that he is speaking in the court of mankind, that all the awakened nations of the world now sit in judgment on what every public man of whatever nation may say on the issue of the conflict which has spread every region of the world?" As has been done in the past the President's speech today was prompt ly cabled to all the principal capitals of the world for telegraphic distribution. President's Address. President Wilson spoke as follows: Gentlemen of the Congress: One the eighth of January I had the honor of addressing you on the objects of the war as our people conceive them. The prime minister of Great Britain had spoken in similar terms on the fifth of January. To these addresses the Germn chancellor replied on the 24th and Count Czernin-for Austria on the same day It is gratifying to have our desire so promptly realized that all exchanges of view on this great matter should be made in the hearing of all the world. Count Czemin's reply, which is directed chiefly to my own address of the eigth of January, is uttered in a very friendly tone. He finds in my statement a sufficiently encouraging approach to the views of his own government to justify him in believing that it furnishes a basis for a more detailed discussion of purposes by the two governments. He is reported to have intimated that the views he was expressing had been communicated to me before hand and that I was aware of them at the time he was uttering them; but in this I am sure he was misunderstood. I had received no intimaf Jam nf nrliof Vi n f a cnw nvii vi rv lie* 1/ lit 111 i/^uuvu i/u ouj There was, of course, no reason why he should communicate privately with me. I am quite content to be one of his public audience. German Reply Vgue. Count von Hertling's reply is, T must say, very vague and very confusing. It is full of equivocal phrases and is not clear at any point. But it is certainly in a different tone from that of Count Czernin, and / apparently of an opposite purpose. It confirms, I am sorry to say. rather than removes, the unfortunate impression made by what we had learned of the conferences at BrestLitovsk. His discussion and acceptance of our general principles lead him to no practical conclusions. He I refuses to apply them to the substantive items which must constitute the body of any final settlement . He is jealous of international action and of international counsel. ! He accepts, he says, the principle of public diplomacy, but he appoars to insist that it be confined, at any rate^in this case, to generalities and j that the several questions upon l whose settlement must depend the j acceptance of peace by the twenty . three States now engaged in the j war, must be discussed and settled, I not in general counsel, but severally by the nations most immediately concerned - by interest or neighborhood. Freedom of Seas. He agrees that the seas should be free, but looks askance at any limitation to that freedom by international action in the interest of the common ordei*. He would without reserve be glad to see economic barriers removed between nation and nation, for that could in no way impede the ambitions of the military party with# whom he seems constrained to keep on terms. Neither does he raise objection to a limitation of arguments. 'That matter will be settled of itself he thinks, by the economic conditions which must follow the war. But the German colonies, he demands, must be returned without debate. He will discuss with no one but the representatives of Russia what disposition shall be made of the peoples and the lands of the Baltic provinces; with no one but the Government of France the "conditions" under which French territory shall be evacuated, and onAiipfvio + . eUnll Ko ^r\-r\o iv W1LI1 xiuouia ?nmi? onaii wv viwuv with Poland. \ Individual Bargains. In the determination of ail questions affecting the Balkan States he defers, as I understand him, to Austria and Turke^; and ,with regard to the agreements to be entered into concerning the non-Turkish peoples of the present Ottoman Empire, to the Turkish authorities themselves. After a settlement all around, effected in this fashion, by individual barter and concession', he would have no objection, if I correctly interpret his statement, to a league of nations which would undertake to hold the new balance of power steady against external disturbance. Von Hertling's Method. It must be evident to everyone who understands what' this war has wrought in the opinion and temper of the world that no general peace, no pece worth the' infinite sacrifices of these years of tragical suffering, can possibly be arrived at in any such fashion. The method the German chancellor proposes is the method of the Congress of Vienna. We cannot and will not return to that. What is at stake now is the peace of the world. What we are striving for is a new international order based upon broad and universal principles of right and justice?no mere - * j- i ? peace 01 aureus anu patcuca. it possible that Count von Hertling does not see that, does not grasp it, is in fact living in his thought in a world dead and gone? Has he utterly forgotten the Reichstag resolutions of the nineteenth of July, or does he deliberately ignore them? They spoke of the conditions of a general peace, not of national aggrandizement or of arrangement between State and State. Peace of the World. ' | The peace of the world depends . upon the just settlement of each of ; the several problems to which I adI i-j A. ? ,1 ? ? verteu in my reccni uuuicss i.v> uic Congress. I, of course, do not mean that the peace of the world depends upon the acceptance of any particular set of suggestions as to the way in which these problems are to be dealt with. I mean only that those j problems ?ach and all affect the whole world; that unless they are dealt with in a spirit of unselfish and unbiased justice, with a view to i the wishes, the natural connections, the racial aspirations, the security, and the peace of mind of the peoples involved, no permanent peace will have been attained. They cannot be discussed separately or in corners. None of them constitutes a private or separate interest from I ...1. r\ -P fl^A TtrAvl/1 m O\T j wmcn tlitr upjiiiuii v/i ?wiiu be shut out. Whatever affects the peace affects mankind, and nothing settled by military force, if settled wrong, is settled at all. It will presently .have to be. reopened. Is Count von Hertling not aware: ! that he is speaking in the court of' | mankind, that all the awakened na tions of the world now sit in judg-1 j ment on what every public man, of! 1 whatever nation, may say on the is-1 j sues of a conflict which has spread; i to every region of the world? The j Reichstag resolutions of July themj selves frankly accepted the decisions | of that court. There shall be no annexations, no contributions, no punJ itive damages. Peoples are not to be ! handed about from one sovereignty | to another by an international con| ference or an understanding between rivals and antagonists. National aspirations must be respected peoples may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. "Self determination" is not a mere nlirase. It is an imnerative nrinei pie of action, which statesmen will' ;j henceforth ignore at their peril. We , cannot have general peace for the asking, or by the mere arrangements of a peace conference. It cannot be placed together out of individual undertakings between power- j ful States. All the parties to the; war must-join in the settlement of every issue anywhere involved in it;j because what we are seeking is a j peace that we can all unite to guar-| antee and maintain and every item of it must be submitted to the com-! mon judgment whether it be right and fair, an act'of justice, rather' than a bargain between sovereigns, j No Desire to Interfere. The United States has no desire j to interfere in European affair:; or to i act as arbiter in European territor-j ial disputes. She would disdain to J take advantage of any internal weakness cr disorder to impose her own will upon another people. Sh4 is quite ready to be shown that the settlements she has suggested are not; the best or the most enduring. They are only ner own prpvisionai sKcu;nj <of principles and" of the way in' i which they should be applied. But J she entered this war because she! was made a partner, whether ohei would or not, in the sufferings and' ; indignities inflicted by the military! j masters of Germany, against the j peace and security of mankind; and i the conditions of peace will touch i ; her as nearly as they will touch any ' j other nation to which is entrusted a leading part in the maintenance of j civilization. She cannot see her way to peace until the causes of this) war are removed, its renewal ren-j dered as nearly as may be impossi-j ble. Roots of War. ' This war had its roots in the dis-l regard of the rights of small na- j tions and of nationalities which lack- [ ed the union and the force to make! good their claim to determine their ] own allegiances and their own forms | of political life. Covenants must I now be entered into which will ren| der such things impossible for the j future; and those covenants must be j backed by the united force of all the | natinos that love justice and are j i willing to maintain it at any cost. If i ! territorial settlements and the politi-j ! cal relations of great" populations! j which have not the organized power! to resist are to be determined by the' contracts of the powerful governments which consider themselves most directly affected, as Count von; Hertling proposes, why may not eco-i nomio concessions? It has ?ome: about in the altered world in which j we now find ourselves that iustice land the rights of peoples affect the| j whole field of international dealing! j as much as access to raw materials land fair and equal conditions of ; trade. . Must Be Handled Alike. ! i ! Count von Hertling wants the esI sential bases of commercial and in- i | dustrial life to be safeguarded by, j common agreement and guarantee',, i but ho cannot expect that to be coni ceded him if the other matters to l>e ; determined by the articles of peace | are not handled in the same way as | | items in the final at counting. Flo, 'cannot ask the benefit of common' | agreement in the one field without' ! according it in the other. I take it j for granted that he s< es that separ; ate and selfish compacts with regard j | to trade and the essential materials of manufacture \v*?ulri afford no | foundation, for peace. Neither, hd may rest assured, will separate and ! seifi."h compacts with regard to pro- . ( vinces and peoples. I - Czernin's View. 1 Count Czernin seems- to see the; | fundamental, elements of peace with I I clear eyes and does not seek to obscure them. He sees that an independent Poland, made up of all the indisputably Polish peoples who lie contiguous to one another, is a matter of European concern and must of course be conceded; that Belgium must be evacuated and restored, no matter what sacrifices and concessions that may involve; and that national aspirations must be satisfied, even within his own empire, in the common interest of ^Europe and mankind. If he is silent about questions which touch the interest and purpose of his Allies more nearly than they touch those of Austria only, it must of course be because he feels constrained, I suppose, to defer to Germany and Turkey in the circumstances. Seeintr and conced ing, as he does, the essential principles involved and the necessity of candidly applying them, ' he naturally feels that Austria can respond to the purpose of, peace as expressed by the United States with less ft embarrassment than could Germany. Pic would probably have gone much farther had it not been for the embarrassments of Austria's alliances and of her dependence upon Germany. Principles to be Applied. After all the test of whether it is possible for either government to go any further in this comparison of views is simple and obvious. The principles to be applied are these: First, that each part of the final settlement ^nust be based upon the essential justice of that particular WILSON'S ODDRESS-.Galley 5_ case and upon sOch adjustments as are most likely to bring a ppace that will be permanent. Second, thiat peoples and provinces are not to be barted about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were mere chattels and pawns in a <?a?r.e, even the great game, now forever discredited, of the balance of power; but that, y \ Third, every territorial settlement involved in this war must be made in the interest and for the benefit of the populations concerned, and not as a part of any mere adjustment or compromise of claims amongst rival States; and, , . Fourth, that all well defined na7 ^ tional aspirations shall be accorded the utmost satisfaction that can be accorded them without introducing now or perpetuating old elements of discord and anatgonism that would be likely in times to break the peace of Europe and consequently of the world. f A Peace to1 be Discussed. A general pence erected upon such foundations can be discussed. Until such a peace can be secured wc have no choice but to go. So far as we can judge, these principles that we regard as fundamental are already everywhere accepted as imperative except among the spokesmen of the militai-y and annexationist party in Germany. If they have anywhere else been rejected, the objectors have not been sufficiently numerous or influential to maKe tneir voices audible. The tragical circumstances is that this one party in Germany is apparently willing and able to send millions of men to their death to prevent what all the world now sees to be just. Can't Turn Back. I would not be a true spokesman of the people of the United States if I did not say once more that we entered this war upon no small occasion, and that we can never turn back from a course chosen upon principle. Our resources are in part mobilised now, and wei shall .not pause until they are mobilized in their entirety, Our armies are rapidly going to the fighting front, and will go more and more rapidly. Our whole strength will be put into this war of emancipation?emancipation from the threat i^nd attempted mastery or selfish groups of autocratic rulers?whatever the difficulties and present partial delays. We are indomitable in our power of independent action and can in no circumI stances consent to live in a world governed by intrigue and force. We believe that our own desire for a new international order under whicn reason and just and the common interests of mankind shall prevail is tho desire of enlightened men everywhere. Without that new order the world will he without peace and human life will lack tolerable conditijiiS of existence and development. Having set our hand to the task of J achieving it, w* shall not turn back. No .Threat Meant. I hope that Tt ifc'-not necessary for me to add that no word of what I y have said is intended as a threat. That is not the ten^per of our people. I have spoken thus only that the whole world may know the true, spirit of America?the men everywhere may know that our passion for justice and for self government is no mere passion of words,' but a . j passion which, once set in action, must be satisfied. The power of the United States is a menace to no nation or people. It will neyer be used in aggression or for the aggrandi- < zement of any selfish interest of our own. It springs out of freedom and is for the service of freedom. ....... . . . * i . -" ^ -V V 7 ANTREVILLE. V v ; v , Antr^rille, Feb. 14.?Rev. Martip.?, v preached at Shiloh Sunday morning , for the first time in a month. A large crowd were present and were glad to have the opportunity'if go' ing to church agpin. Mr. and Mrs. Furman Bowen and M'ss Erin Crowther spent Saturday in Abbeville. ' * ;i! * Mr. George Mann of near Abbeville, spent Su Jay with Mr. W. J. Bowen. > . ' -f Mrs. Rozella Branyon of Ander\ - "Jf1 I son, is visiting her sister, Mrs. Norris Wakefield. Mrs. Ralph Ballentine of Wash i r\ /i flAkia.Jl*: i - ? mgton, u. l,., is visiting ner iatner, / Mr. S. J. Wakefieicl. y Miss Marie Black of Anderson College, spent the week-end with home folks. Mrs. W. J/Bo wen and daughter, Miss Mayme Efdwen and Mrs. H. P. Prince spent Tuesday with Mrs. R. A. Keaton. Miss Margaret Bradley spent last V i Tuesday night with Mr. and Mrs. Roger Williams and family. George Gray and Henry Erwin of Erskine College, spent the jyeek-end with homefolks. I . Born?to Mr. and Mrs. Norris Wakefield, Feb. 7, 1918, a daughter, Mary Minerva. The Antreville Literary Society will give a Washington program on Feb.'22nd in the evening, beginning ? '. at 7:30 o'clock. Everyone is invited to attend. . UVVVVVVSVUUU V V V MONTEREY. V V ' V Y* vvvvvvvvuuvvvv ' r Monterey, Feb. 14.?Mr. and Mrs F. E. Patterson and children spent Sunday in the Nation with Mr. Calvin Campbell. Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Cunningham were guests of Mrs. Love and Miss Mamie Baskin of Abbeville Saturday night. Mr. R. H. Sutherland of Iva, was the guest of his brother, Mr. J. A. Sutherland for the week-end. Mr. Marshall Clinkscales spent Friday and Saturday in Greenwood with his uncle, Mr. Baker. Mr. and Mrs. W. A. McClain and children were the guests of Mr and Mrs. M. E. McClain ofFlatwoods. Miss Elise Hipp was the guest of Miss,Alberta Clinkscales Sunday. Miss~ Ethna Patterson and brother, spent Saturday with Miss Lu- > -il- O..J.1 1 J / cue OUUICritlliu auu uiuuibioi / Corporai R. C. Price of Camp Jackson, Columbia, is at home for a few days. Mr. J. F. Clinkscales spent Saturday in Anderson. The young people of this community enjoyed a dnce given by f Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe Speer of Latit mer, Monday night. Messrs. Bennie and Monnie Napier and sister, Miss Ruby, Mr. and ; Mrs. Gordon Sutherland spent the week-end very pleasantly with Mr. and Mrs. Sutherland. Mr. John T. Stokes was a business visitor to the city Saturday. A AKKowJllo mr. /\1VII1 lam \Ji. v -*-w, was the guest of Mr: Arthur Sutherland Saturday night. Mr. Alton Nance was a visitor to the city Saturday. Miss Salliki '- Sutherland returned home SUhday^&ftef ;a :weeks visit to Miss Maud# 'Tabled* Miss 'Mykifti "Sutherland is the suest 6f->het't'?ifiiStei>;)i:i.Mrs. Gordon Sutherland' ef^AlibBViite, this week. 1 Sfjj esiJcci jjri:: .