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JUSTICE GARY SPEAKS AT YORK Continued from Page Six) employees, should be determined by a committee, consisting of an equal number selected by the employers, the employees, and the government. a?d that no change should be made in the compensation, nor should there be a strike during the time specified by said committee; that after the expiration of said time, the employer, or employee might petition for a change in the rate of compensation, but that the work should not stop in consequence of said perr,L ?'5 5 also re uuon. inc cun/iujv! cuired to see that the places where the work was performed, were kept in a sanitary condition, and every safe-guard used to protect the rights of the employee as a citizen. ..The government also required the who owned lands as .hunting preserves in New Zealand, but remained citizens of foreign countries, to sell their lands to the government for a fair valuation, in order that it might, in turn, sell a certain number of acres to each citizen, who was required to secure the purchase money by a mortgage on the land sold him, at a low rate of interest. The idea was that there is a higher order of citizenship, when the people worship God under their own vine and fig tree. Who can tell the beneficial results that may have flowed from this timely action? The desire of the interests to control legislation and influence the appointment of officials arises, in large measure from their opinion, that the great industries which have come into prominence in the last few years, need protection, which rney iear wm nut> ue auuiusu unless they take an active part in governmental affairs. There is no necessity, however, for this apprehension, and, as soon as the interests change their policy voluntarily in this respect, or the people force them to make the change, the greatest danger to representative government will have passed. The duties which the lawyer owes to the State or body politic, arise from the fact, that he is an officer in the judicial department, which is one of the three co-ordinate branches of the government, and, as such officer, he is under the moral obligation, to use his best efforts, to . render effectual and successful the "^administration of the legislative and executive departments, as the three branches are so inter-dependent, that a failure to administer properly the legislative or executive departments will necessarily hamper and render less effectual the judicial branch. , In the language of another: "A lawyer is an officer of the Courts, and, as such owes them various duties. But the Courts compose one of the co-ordinate branches of the government Hence the duties owed to the Courts are indirectly owed to the State and Nation. But there are many other duties that the lawyer owes directly to the State. The ordinary citizen is under certain obligations to the State, and a failure to keep, or a wilful violation of these obligations, renders the offender liable to punishment. Upon admission to the bar the duties and obligations of the citizen remain, and the duties and obligations of the lawyer are added to them. The State has, through; one of its agencies, the Courts, con-1 ~ ferred upon the lawyer, upon his ad- j missio nto the Bar, a new standing i in the community in which1 he lives. I ^ It has granted him new powers and: privileges. It is proper, therefore, that it should exact greater account-1 ability from him, than from the or-: dinary citizen." We desire to make clear and emphasize the fact that the duty of the lawyer as a citizen is paramount to that which he owes his client. There are numerous and various criticisms against certain members of the legal profession, who, it is claimed, have been active in the destruction of representative govern i- ? ? J 1 1 i.1 . J* A ment. ana wno uy me use 01 lecnmcal objections, have delayed the administration of. the law. and defeated the ends of justice. Wp will quote .only three of svch criticisms.?two of whirh ar*> made by those who stand hieh in the legal profession, an dthe third by one of our greatest scholars, who evnresses prroat admiration for our profession. At the outset we desire it shall be distinctly understood, that the discussion of this question is intended to be applicable, in a general way. throughout the United States, and without special reference to the Bench, the Bar, or the people of So"th Carolina. Our first quotation is from the ^address of Chief Justif" Stafford of | Wac^intrfan 1") f xvVn^Vi wnc livered before the South Carolina Bar Association in 10^8. and \V3S published by order of that Association. "See how wealth rlmost monopolizes lepra! talent. A moment's reflection will suffice fov you to n"me| a score of lawyers of commanding powers, in the pay of enormous corporations.?one moment. Now take' five and count over for me. haif as many of equal force and fame, who represent the people in their lifelong struggle, with these vast and overshadowing interests. Let a young man at the Bar display great ability, instantly he is clapped under a retainer. When Chatham made his first speech in the House of Commons, Walpole exclaimed: "We must muzzle that terrible Cornet of Horse." The retainer is not a bribe. It is an honest fee. I do not impugn the motives of those who take it when it comes. It is a flattering, insidious prize. I know wealth must have brains to serve it; it is entitled to such service. I am not arraigning wealth. My lamentation is, that there should not be more to hear the call to the other side, to stand as champions of the people, unfettered by any such alliance. The questions we must neet hereafter relate to wealth, ant' especially to the framing of law? vhich may regulate the distribution >f it. Should all our lawyers be retained by wealth? How can we essen the inequalities of life, and not impair the principles of property md law. That is the problem that " onfronts us. How can wealth be forced to pay its share of taxes? How shall we give the poor man's ;iiild an even chance in life? How ?et for him who toils, a few free hours of sunlight with his family, an hour or two each day to cultivate his mind? How see to it that these ponderous soulless machines, to which indeed we owe so much, do not become in the end very juggernauts, crushing manhood, womanhood and childhood to the earth? How shall we counteract, with wholesome. hopeful laws, the blind, despairing efforts of the giant, whose hundred hands may soon find swords to fight with? These are the questions that face us. How shall we ever answer them with safety if every man, as soon as he has mastered law enough to be of any use, forsakes the poor and strikes hands with the rich?" Mr Tnff PY.Prp?idpr>t nf flip .United States arid ex-President of | the American Bar Association, who ;has done more than any other man in the United States, towards rais| ing the standard of the legal profession. thus clearly showed at the meeting of the Conference on the | Reform of Criminal Law and Procedure, that he does not think the legal profession has properly discharged its trust: "One of the strongest influences for looseness, in the conduct of criminal trials, in my judgment, has been the presence of lawyers in our Legislatures, who have sought to abate and limit by statute the power of the judges, and to take away this source of respect, for their rulings, which is so apparent in every English Court of justice. What I believe to be an unfounded fear of judicial tyranny, and an unreasonable distrust of Judges, have led to statutory limitations upon their power, in the conduct of trials in criminal cases, which have made the trial by jury in this country, and especially in the Western States, an entirely different institution from what it was understood to be, at the time of the adoption of our constitutions. In many States. Judces are not npr_ . w X mitted to comment upon the facts at all. They are not even allowed to charge the jury, after the arguments of counsel, but they are required to submit written charges to the jury upon abtruse questions of law, with no opportunity to apply the principles concretely to the facts of the case, and with the result that the questions, both of law and fact, are largely left to the untutored and undisciplined action of the jury, influenced only by the contending arguments of counsel. The restraint that the Judges in the course of a trial, imposes upon the manner and conduct of counsel in 1 an English Court, is thus wholly wanting, with the result that there seems to have been a substantial change, in the code of professional ethics governing counsel, and in the extreme, to which counsel, in the defense of their clients, seem to think it is entirely proper for them to go. Their conduct makes neither for the dignity of the Court. tor the elevation of the ethics of the bar, nor the expediting of criminal procedure, nor for the reasonable punishment of crime. These circumstances reduce the position of the Judges from that place of power and usefulness, oc-, cupied by the English Judges, to one in which the trial is largely conducted by the chief counsel for the I defense, and those present in Court' are made to feel, that the question j at issue is, not so much whether the j defendant violated the law, as whether the Judge is violating it." President Snyder of Wofford College, in discussing the subject: "The Majesty of the Law," said: "It is a depressing thought, to consider the low estate to which this noble profession has fallen, in recent years in the public mind. It has seemed to develop along lines on which the broad principles of justice and equity are lost, in the tangle of confusing trickery and complicated technicality. Outstanding leaders of the most intellectual of all professions, men who ought to j be very high priests of justice, hold their brains as purchasable commodities for oo""' *u_j ? ? ^uuow, tiittt even threaten the integrity of human society, and in their hands the machinery of the law is expertly manipulated, to postpone and defeat the known ends of justice. Democracy is simply losing faith in the law and the lawyer, and the demand for the recall of Judges and of legal decisions, is only a symptom of its protest against conditions as ! they are. and a prophesy that one day it is going to take matters into its own hands, if the lawyer will not. If a layman may modestly . venture an opinion, it would be for j the common good, now and in the | lonir run; if the profession of the I ln\V J*- -LI-:--? - ' 1 ..vu,., ika euui:ai stand- | |ards to meet the new conditions, I | simplify legal processes, free them [ from the dead hand of worn-out' traditions, cut the enveloping net of needless technicalities, in which, to the outsider, justice appears too often to be struggling in vain to escape, and hasten the movement of the machinery of the Courts. One thing is sure, the common good demands some sort of reform to maintain the majesty of the law, and if it does not come from within the profession itself, it is ffoiner to come ! from without it." In every age, the lawyer has, played a conspicuous part, in shap- J ing the affairs of State; and in certain countries, the legal profession ! has taken rank, among the orders of i nobility. From the fourteenth century, the Bar of France constituted an order: of nobility, known as Noblesse de la Robe, until the French Revolution in 1789. The Magistrates, who s members of the parliament o 'aris, represented the feudal cour nd council of the ancient kings vere selected from this order. There fter in 1804, Napoleon decreed th< e-establishment of the order o dvocates, assigning as a reason hat it was "one of the most pro >er, to maintain the probity, deli acy. disinterestedness, desire o: onciliation. love of truth and jus tice, an enlightened zeal for th< veak and the oppressed, which ar< he essential foundations of thei] >rofessions." Among their privileges in Rome he advocates were exempt fron many burdens imposed upon others After ceasing to practice thei] profession, they were admitted t< the order of counts of the firs rank. Ex-Chief Justice Parker, of Nev York, who is an ex-President o: the American Bar Association, con eludes an address as folows: "In closing I would emphasize anew the thought that as the law yer finds himself the beneficiary anc heir of great privileges, which yiel( commanding opportunities, it ii more lncuxnucxit upuii. ium, tiian up on any other, to recognize thai those privileges and powers, im pose obligations from which then can be no escape, as, indeed, there ought not to be, except by meeting and welcoming them in the complet est sense possible. If, at anj time, it shall become apparent, thai the sanctity of the ballot is eithei threatened or assailed; if the administration of the law, whethei civil or criminal, becomes either las or careless; if the evils in s.ny industrial movement manifest such power that they threaten monopoly or put popular rights in peril; ii the executive, the legislative, or the judicial branches of our systerr shall, either by design or accident tend to trench unduly or dangerously, upon the rights of any of the others, the one man who should resent and resist the dangers; thus threatened, is the American iawyer The traditions of his profession, the execution of the high trust confidec in him, the example set him by greal leaders through many generations all demand that he should exercise the greatest watchfulness, and sho^ the highest courage." In speaking of lawyers' responsibility, Chancellor Kent well uaid:? "The responsibilities attached tc the profession and practice of th law, are of the most momentous character. Its members by theii >?/.??<'/>? u. ?1 ] e iv. vwauuiiy yugiit tu uc liticu iur tnt great public duties of life, and thej may be said to be, ex-officio, natural guardians of the law, and to stand sentinel over the Constitutions and liberties of the Country." It was a lawyer who wrote the Declaration of Independence, promulgating the freedom and equality of all men before the law, and theii inalienable right to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness. The groundwork and cardinal principles oJ: the Federal Constitution, eminated from the brain oi the lawyer. In the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the same Constitution, which were passed at the first session of Congress, providing for presentment before the grand jury; against being twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; against th defendant being compelled to be a witness against himself; against the citizen being deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; against private property being taken for public use, without just compensation; providing that in criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury ol the State and district, wherein the crime shall have been committed; to be informed of the nature and cause o??the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process, for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense, are rights which now seem as if they had always been enjoyed by the people, but the farmers of these two sections knew, thai there was not a right therein mentioned, that had not been denied the people in the past, and that had not been bought at the price of the patriot's blood. We have faith in the legal profession and in the people, and firmly believ? ths.t they will yet co-oper ate to restore representative government. A curious novel appeared in the literary world a few years ago, tc which its author had given the pe Jl | H. KirkwoocL an gj JEWELERS AN j? FOR i K ffi Watch or a Real ffi Qj Uj that, is guaranteed, ifi price, see us. \V< jjjj misrepresent our g< Ijj than most of you p IC j ^1 WI1C11 VUU iUIXU Uli u; J the experience of IJj you fair. . . . s S Next to the C ^ ABBEVILLE, - i Hi incinnacuacuaiaiacu 41 f culiar name of "She." t 11 contains a \veiid description of 1 English travellers landing upon the - lavage coast of Africa, where they e .'ound n^arks of a past civilization. [ There*was the ancient stone wharf . mbedded in the mud, and there was, lso, the long-forgotten canal. It tells how they struggled up the f onely river, and across the morass - ;o the City of Kor, then in ruins. ; Those of you who may have read 2 :he story will recall, no doubt, the t /ivid picture of the deserted and crumbling Temple of Truth. Within its inner court was a i .tatue of the goddess, who onec had . Enumerable worshippers. r On a pedestal there was a magnifi) :ent marble globe, upon which t itood a sculptor's dream of female loveliness. r A veil was over her face, and her i hands were extended in supplication. - There it stood, divine amid the desoation, silvered in the moonlight ; which softened while it illuminated every outline; and thus it had stood 1 for ages. Truth beseeching the 1 world to lift her veil. 5 In conclusion our prayer is, that - when the Judges, the lawyers, the t jurors and witnesses, are called - upon to administer the laws as a ; sacred trust in the beautiful Temple > which you have this day dedicated, r they may never forget that Truth - is ever beseeching the world to lift r the veil from her eyes, in order that t the sword of Justice avenge all - wrongs, and that only the right shall . prevail. ' TEACHING THE FIREMEN. The Abbeville Firemen are looking , forward to a visilt, soon from Chief. ' Louis Behrens. ? I j Chief. Behrens is given a vacation , each year to attend the National j Convention of Firemen. This year [ he will not attend the convention but > will make a series of visits to the towns and cities over the state where [ fire departments are maintained and t will teach the boys how to fight fire ' and the people how to prevent, fires. f Chief Behrens comes to Abbeville at the solicitation of Chief Elgin and will make a public address in the , Court House and with the help of ' the department, will demonstrate the | best and latest methods of fighting > firij. r Chief Behrens has been President [ of the South Carolina Firemen's [ Association for twelve years, and has been President of both the Na[ tional and International Associar tions. CHICHESTER SPILLS I DIAMOND BRAND Ladies i lik for CHI-CHESTER S A DIAMOND BRAND PILLS In Rkd and/j\ Gold metallic boxes, sealed with Blue(0> Ribbon. Takh no other. Bay of 7?nr v/ IWt b>4 uk 'Tor CDI-CHKS-TEB 8 V 9XAMOXD BBAHD PILLS, for twentr-dw yean regarded as Brat,Safest. Always Reliable. 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