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I' *' * ' ' y'' - . * . * I The Abbeville Press and Banner BJ W. W. & W. R. BRADLEY ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1910 Established I8?E I T I MEMORY Secession of the State?Org em Confederacy?Valor ?Victories in Peace-M? (of the Country. SOME DATES AN] Nor. 7, 1860?First public act having foi Confederacy was that of t calling for a State Conventi* 17, 1860. Smallpox prevail moved to Charleston. Nov, 22, 1860?At Abbeville the first polil ?Delegates nominated to the A. Calhoun, Edward Noble son, D. L. Wardlaw, John December 20, 1860.?Ordinance of Seces 4. 1861?Congress of the Confederate I April 18, 1865?General Johnston admitted fighting would be murder." May 3, 1865?When the very ground upon been surrendered, Mr. Da^ Abbeville, S- C. This, t "further fighting would b properly refused to fight. May 10,1865?Jeff Davis, in his attempl caught at Irvinville, near A May 14, 1865?Gen. Taylor surrenders to C federate forces east of the 5 May 36, I860?Gen. Kirby Smith surrendei forces west of the Mississip May 26, 186-5?All military opposition to tb CAPTURi U. S. troops captured, in the war Confederates captured, in the war, DIED IN PF U. S. troops died in Southern prisons Confederate troops died in Northern prisor AT THE CLOSE OF Total strength Union army ! Of this number were absent Union soldiers on duty when the war clos Confederate soldiers in service at surrender Army Northern Virginia Army of Tennessee - Army of Missouri Army of Alabama Army of Trans-Mississippi Array of Nashville and Chattanooga Paroled from different points. In Federal prisons j Total strength Confederate army at surrend Of this number were: Absent in Northern prisons At home and in hospitals, estimated Confederate soldiers on duty, at the surrer mated A little study of these figures, with som lead us to believe that at least some of those of the lives of the gallant soldiers under manders were unwilling to close the war as connection with this it might be asked if \ only man that should have been punished at officers were killed, yet it seems that mar dered to certain death. We are told in the books that the batt fight between 25,000 intrenched Federals erates who stormed the fort. The battle i lantry of the Confederates under Hood, # Federals under Schofield. The Federal 1 v is set down as 2,826, while the Confederat 6,000. Whether these facts sustain the be em life, the following paragraph will be i: It is said that some years after the war, then in command of the army of the Unit viewed with Emperor Wilhelm the army peror in his enthusiasm said as the last Schofield, is this not the grandest army ; &aid General Schofield, "it is not." "V army ?" was the quick rejoinder. Genera battle of Franklin, Tennessee, in 1864 bet1 the Confederates. I saw men in rags a charge the works behind which my commi and on. Nothing could stop their impetn our guns were closed up. It seemed that ates were being swept away by our guns. I moved my men out of the trenches to st< was the grandest army I ever saw." Note.?Lee's army, it will be seen, is ci ent for duty only about 14,.">00. Granting t was a fair average of the absentees from tl number of Confederate soldiers on duty at 1 thing like 37,750. With the number of L from the total, and deducting the nnmb ate Army was rednced to a mere handful, send to certain defeat at least a part of the : eelf was running to cover, that he might be < LL DAY. ;anization of the Southof the Southern Soldier iral and Materia! Growth V 3 FIGURES. its object the formation of the he South Carolina Legislature in >n to meet in Columbia, December ing in (JoiumDia ine uonveuiwu tical meeting in the Confederacy State Convention, namely: John , Thomas C. Perrin, llomas ThomH. Wilson. ision adopted nnanimonsly. States met in Montgomery, Ala. I President. nmter, being the first gnn of one >d in the annals of mankind. I at Fort Sumter by Maj. Anderson, o Confederate forces. t in Richmond, July 20, 1861. Confederates. t Appomattox. same flag on Fort Sumter that he (viously. ited in Ford's Theatre, Washington, battle of the war. lerman at Durham, N. C. . to Gen. Sherman "that any further which he was then running had ris proposed further resistance at oo, after Johnson had said that e murder." The soldiers very and Davis moved on. k to escape from the country, was [aeon, Ga. ten. Canby all the remaining Conlississippi. :s to Gen. Canby all Confederate Pile United States ceased. SD. 212,608 4.7R 1RQ tISON. 30,156 is 30,152 THE WAR. 1,000,576 202,709 Jed 797,807 27,805 31.243 7,978 42,293 17,686 5,029 42,189 98,802 er 273,025 98,802 86,472 lHor oaf i. 87,750 273,025 e knowledge of the situation, won Id i in authority were utterly reckless their command, and that some com long as a soldier was left living. In ^erz, of Andersonville fame, was t he ; the close of the war. While man y iy private soldiers were needlessly o rle of Franklin was a sanguinary under Schofield and 40,000 Confeds notable for the remarkable galand the stubborn bravery of the oss in killed, wounded and missing ;e loss is estimated as exceeding lief of the needless waste of Southnteresting reading: when General Schofield, who was ;ed States, visited Germany and reof the German Empire, the Emsoldier passed in review : "General rou ever saw ?" "No. Emperor," fhere did you ever see a grander :1 Schofield Baid : "Emperor, at the ween the United .States troops and nd tatters, barefooted and hungry, find was intrenched. They came on ons charge. Great gaps made by whole battalions of the ConfederBut still onward they came, until ly the slaughter. That, Emperor, edited with 27,805, while he had pres hat the absentees from Lee's army tie other Confederate armies, the total :he surrender must have been some,ee's and Johnston's armies deducted er in Northern prisons, the Con fed erAnd yet Mr. Davis was anxious to remnant of his army while he hiinout of range of pursuing Federals. By Hugh Wilson. As one who spent his boyhood days in Due West, find as one for whose people I formed the strongest attachment in youtli, and which affection is still maintained, I would like to add a word to that which was so well said by Hon. F. B. Gary, the invited: orator on Memorial Day, 1910. THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. This is the semi-centennial year of> the inauguration of the mightiest] struggle that ever shook a continent, I or buried its soldiers in a thousand church yards, in every part of the country. At Richmond are uncounted graves. At Arlington acres of the great estate of Lee are filled with the graves of the Confederate dead; at Atlanta may be seen the graves of many valiant soldiers who fell in the city's defence; at Chattanooga the bodies of thousands of Confederate soldiers sleep in the cemetery which the Congress of the United States dedicated to American valor, which act of Congress was, perhaps, the most magnanimous that can bo placed to the credit or any country. THE PAST?THREE CLASSES. In 1860 the total population of this State was 703,000. (Jf'this number 291,000 were white, 400,000 were slaves, and 10,000 were free negroes. Of the white population a small per cent were tne owners of the slaves. Others of the white population were non-slaveowners simply because of inability to buy slaves. There were then three distinct classes of white people in this State, namely: First ? The educated and ruling class, composed of slave-owners. Second?The smaller and uneducated and unthinking slave-owning class who were subservient and loyal to their more intelligent and more able neighbors. They had no thought that was not inspired by their acknowledged superiors, and except as ciphers in the numeral notation, thev were without force. Third?The poor unfortunate class of uncultured and uneducated "white trash" for whose civilization and for whose culture and for whose education the autocratic slave-owner manifested little or no interest. Events would indicate that the rich and autocratic class of slave-owners was almost as much interested in the ignorance of "poor white trash" as they were in shutting off the light from the slave. It was then, as now, evident that the system of slavery could not exist in the presence of an intelligent and educated yeomanry. Ignorance of both the poor white people and the African slave formed the cornerstone or bedrock of a system that was repulsive to all the better sentiment of the Christian civilization. For a long time previous to 1860 the people had been at amity among themselves and in peace with all the world. Manufacturing interests were almost totally neglected. Our vast water powers were running to waste. Electric power generated by water power was then unknown or undeveloped. n?ornr\r luac ^i ??nnfa/1 f a f vci j new uiittivu w mv growing of cotton and to the increase of the number of slaves. The white owners of small farms were being crowded out that greater areas might be acquired by the slave owner. This was especially true of the lands on the Savannah side of this County. On the election of Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, the cry of alarm for the safety of "our peculiar institution" was made, and it spread like wild fire. six PERIODS. 1860 In 1860 the State of South Carolina passed the ordinance of Secession from the Federal Union. Other States soon followed the example of South Carolina, and within a few weeks the Southern Confederacy was organized. An army was put in the field. One of the first companies in this State to report for military service went from the city of Abbeville. A little later a call lor other companies was made. Companies were organized at Due West, in which companies were volunteers from the surrounding country. It was in this way that the little town of Due West received credit for having sent many men to the war. And it was from the valor of these men that Due West became as distinguished in war as it was renowned in peace. I860 In 1865 the war was ended in defeat to the South. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, and Johnston's army surrendered at Bentonville. Davis was captured near Macon, Ga. Disheartened at the result of the war, our people were dazed. Slaves were set free. With rumors of probable unfriendly acts by the Washington Government toward civil and military leaders, our people knew not what to do. Labor and business of every kind waseither suspended or demoralized. 1S0S In 18(JS the Congress of the United States invited the former slaves to take charge of the politics and the government of the State. Drunk with joy at their freedom and crazed by their elevation to power, the inexperienced slave, as might have been expected, put his heel on the neck of his former master. 1876 In 1876 Wade Hampton was chosen to lead the people to the rescue of the State from the hands of the alien and the former slave. By united effort and by the invincible determination of valorous ex-soldiers and their sons, the State again came under the rule of the white man in 1877. This restored the Government almost exclusively to the former ruling class. 1892 In 1892 dissatisfaction among: the people had become general, and un1 ? i i n r? rn:1 aer cne ieaaersnip ox a. jx. iiiiumii the party in power was overthrown, when "the people" elected their own chosea representatives to all the offices. The plan of nominating officers by convention having been abolished and the primary election having been substituted. 1910 In 1910 the people are in their normal condition. Happy in their political freedom and contented with the Government, while every effort is being made to promote individual prosperity, education, morals and religious thought. All opposition to public educatiou having disappeared, schools and colleges flourish as they never flourished before. And Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by [a glorious triumph], And all the clouds that lowered upon our bouse In the deep bosom of the ocean buried. Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths, Our bruised arms hung up for monuments; Our stern alarums cnangea to merry meetings, Our dreadful marches to delightful measures. DUE WEST THE CENTER OF PROSPERITY. Let us make Due West a center from which we may look around for triumphs in peace. In the fifties that town consisted of only a few families. The college was ?i small structure. Lindsay Hall was a plain building of huge proportions. The Society Halls were then thought to be model* of architectural beauty and mechanical skill. Only about sixty or seventy students were in attendance. The college languished. And today, sad to relate, the professors are on short rations, because of the smallness of their salaries. Instead of the little unpretentious academy for boys and girls, magnificent imposing buildings have been erected for the students in the Worn an's College. Dormitories as fine, as large, and as well suited as any dormitories that can be found in the state now stand beside each of the colleges at Due West. Except for the glorious peaceful triumphs of the descendants of the Confederate soldier whence cune these two hundred girls who with their grace and their beauty fill t!i" classrooms of t he Woman's College? Did the two hundred men who went to battle from this little town ever see in its classic groves tw > hundred such specimens of splendid young manhood as now crowd the halls of Erskine? These splendid results in the growth of the town and in the increased usefulness of the colleges come not alone from the prosperity of the country. They come because the people of the town have moved oa to a higher plane of broader citizenship. And, because of the colleges having adopted more modern methods they are drawing to their class rooms the greatest number of students. NO PRETTY YOUNG GIRL SHOULD GO INTO THE SLUMS OF ANY COUNTRY. The best and the sweetest Christian girls in all this land, go out from the Womans (jouege 10 taKe ine piace which their Creator himself had assigned to them. And that assignment, as you all certainly know, is, that each one should become the wife of a good man. And if a good man is not in evidence, then she might, in the hope of better things, take one of the other sort. No good young woman has any right to dodge the duty of becoming a wife and a mother. It is a foolish notion that she can go into the filth and degradation of a foreign country and serve her Master more acceptably than she can by assuming the duty which He himself has laid upon her. While no pretty Christian girl should go off as a missionary, yet it is possible and permissible that unreasonably ugly girls and women well past forty, might safely go off to places of temptation to labor in the slums of a foreign country. Do you believe there is in hell a place hot enough to properly punish the man who would knowingly aeucl off a pure Christian girl to places of degradation ? ERSKINE COLLEGE. As to Erskine College. Its unprecedented prosperity may, in part at least, be attributed to the higher and the more sane conduct of the College itself. Besides being faithful to the best interests of every student in its class rooms, that institution now, standing 011 si high pedestal, reaches down its friendly hand and f I offers its kindly interest in aid of all j students who would rise to the j higher and the better walks of life. The college hopes that each student may win success in life and attain to the highest sphere of usefulness. It does hot wait until a graduate has attained such distinction that he does not need the assistance of his alma mater before giving him the kindest and the most helpful assistance. Erskine is always anxious to give a helping hand to every student, even as it is ever ready to see and to recognize his undeveloped worth. VICTORIES IN PEACE. The failure of the valor of our heroic soldiers is acknowledged. But on the foundation of their military failure, we have built in peace that of which we know our fathers, if they may look dofrn upon us from their home beyond the stars, are proud, even as we are proud of the heritage of their heroism in war.' Their undying famp onrl thpir imnerishahlfi renown rest today like a^halo of glory on these classic grounds. GROWTH OF THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY. Donaldsville is now a big town and Honea Path is almost a city. In the long ago there was but one house between Donalds and Honea Path, and but one from Donalds to Hodges. Now, the number of elegant houses along either road would seem to indicate that there will soon be a continous town from Belton to Greenwood,- and on to Ninety-Six. Nearly all the road from Donalds to Due West is lined with the dwellings of the best and the most prosperous citizens. A great cotton mill has been built at Ware Shoals, and at Belton and Honea Path are other cotton mills. Greenwood has two cotton mills in operation, and two others are being built. Ninety-Six has one cotton mill. Cotton Mills have be^n built at Abbeville and at Calhoun Falls. As an evidence of the prosperity of the farming interests, the number of stores has been greatly increased to supply demands of the people. Farming lands in thirty years have gone up from four, six, eight, and ten dollars an acre to forty and all the way up to one hundred dollars an acre. Hundreds of nice farm houses have been built, and thousands of acres of former waste lands are now producing the best of crops. Since Democratic reconstruction the Savannah Valley Railroad ha* been built. The C. & W. C railroad now runs the entire length of what was then the lower part of Abbeville County. The S. A. L. railway has been built across the county. .And a railroad now runs daily trains between Donalds and Due West. LOOKING TO THE RISING SUN. If our orators were dispose I to look more to the rising sun than to the setting sun, they might find in Due West such men as II. S. Galloway who is the first printer in all the land to build a railroad, or they might look to R. C. Brownlee who by integrity, good judgment and business methods, has amassed a fortune, and who may at no distant day add to the material and industrial wealth of the country by building a cotton mill. There is A. S. Kennedy, prosperous b.inker, with a character as high as the highest, arid a heart as good as the b3.-t. Did any of the orators who have for the thousandth time repeated the names of theimmortul trio?Calhoun,n r rv .A. iuc-uum-,*, xreiugrue?cvci imi ^ our neighbors Joseph Haddon, J. C. fribble and Thomas llldrick? In their ignorance these speakers have never mentioned the name of Frank 1 Ellis, whose apples are not inferior to those with which Mother Eve tempted your grandfather. The apples which Mr. Ellis grows are good the whole year round. S >me being winter apples for summer stomach*, i Did any of these orators ever tell the people that i^unuel J. Wakefield, by improved methods of farming, by deep plowing, by intelligent use of fertilizer, and by the application of energy, has astonished his neighbors in showing the fertility and the value of Abbeville County lands? Did any man who feels bound on every public occasion to kiss the feet of the immortal trio ever tell the people that Samuel J. Wakefield, in an agricultural center, far removed from railroads, haa successfully built and profitably managed the best oil mill in all this country? Did any of the worshippers of the immortal statesmen ever tell the people that Samuel J. Wakefield had been of more value ( to the country than a thousand j politicians who never did as much as to make two blades of grass j prow where only one grew oeioreri Did not the lands of the immortal I trio, become almost a barren waste? How is it in reference to the lands ) about Wakefield's home? "Say not1 thou, What is the cause that the, former days were better than these? for thou dost not enquire wisely concerning this." IDOLATORS CHALLENGED. Idolators of the immortal trio are [ challenged and dared to show where-1 , in this country has been blessed byj , their presence. They are challenged! | to show wherein their absence is j ; known or wherein their presence is! needed? They are challenged; awK they lire dared, to show wherein- tfoa-i in mortal trio has done the leae* part as much good for the country seyour friend and neighbor A. M. F3f-win of Antreville has done for this* county. NO VALOROUS SOLDIER SHOUlilV" kiss anybody's feet. None deny the greatness of eitbfiar one of the immortal trio, aricl elotseswould detract from their character^,, hut an honorable and a high-toreed-' citizenship, of which those of oar fellow-citizens who are present fceEay are fit representatives, should scoaa?. to bow down to kiss the feet of." angr man, however great he may harco?been. The Southern soldier lowets?. his crest to no man. He is iiv America and he acknowledges inferiority to no man. The Southetxt/ wnlHior r?r/?nrllv scnrns the Rffc Of aDC man who would teach him that: manly valor should surrender tfo. the purse-proud of former times.**that it should bow down to the-arts of the politician of a departed gloiy^. whose history is complete. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE GRA.VE5T". WHICH WE DECORATE. And it may be permissible to* . make note of a characteristic of aB. the speeches that we have heard some*the war. It is for this people to- sayif any orator has addressed ao Abbeville County audience without naeationing names of those who lived aodt > died before the war, some of whooa. at least were in a large measure responsible for the graves upon whida. ""A loxrinrr /nir flrtlVPIM >VC fU C IVAiaj itvj iiig vu* ^>v > w-K-vDIFFERENCE IN SENTIMENTS It would seem that in the good oldT days of Calhoun when he inspiredL their ideas, the people entertainers different convictions and were grwp? erned by different principles from*, those which prevail today. I? support of this statement copies of sooseof the laws are .herewith presented^, and a recital of some of our expenditures today for school purposes, kgiven. The whole State of South CarofiaBu spent about $25,000 in educating- the? children of poor white men in C&Ehoun's day. If there is a record oC his having favored educating: the*masses, I have not seen it. Here are some of the records of the ? laws of the State before the war: 174:0 Fine of 100 Pouuds for Hiring^ Nej?ro as Scribe. XLV. And Whereas, the having cE slaves taught to write, or suffering them. to be employed in writing, may be attended with great inconveniences ; Beit therefore enacted by the authority? aforesaid, that all and every personam? persons whomsoever, who shall hereafter teach, or cause any slave or slaves to be taught to write, or shall use mr employ any slave as a scribe in a?y manner of writing whatsoever, hereafter taught to write, every such pesrson and persons shall, for ev*>ry suck offence. forfeit the sum of one hundred, pounds current money. C. Pinckney, SpeakerIn the Council Chamber, the 1 Jth day 7 of May, 1740. Assented to: Wm. Bull. 1751. TP a Claim TtlS*Pilot.*! AuOther iffc:* XX W KJ1MI V Medicine He Must SuffiwDeath. X. And be it further enacted by tlit? authority aforesaid, that in case- aags? slave shall teach or instruct anofcheicslave in the knowledge of any poisotiou9 root, plant, herb or other sort off' poison whatsoever, he or she, so offending, shall, npon conviction thereof, suffer death as a felon ; and the slaves carslaves so instructed, shall suffer sorfapunishment, not extending to life-or limb, as shall be adjudged and determined by the justices and freeholders^ or a majority of them, before whon?. such slave or slaves shall be tried.. Negro as Excluded from I>rag; Stores. XI. And to prevent, as much as may be, all slaves from attaining the knowledge of any mineral or vegetable- poison, Be it Further Enacted, bytt^assthority aforesaid, that it shall not; 2*?lawful for any physician, apothecary iHcdruggist, at any time hereafter, ta> raasrploy any slave or slaves in the shoj* ?r places where they keep their medicines or drugs under pain of forfeiting. -2?ssum of twenty pounds, proclamations money, for every such offense, to be recovered and applied as hereinafter directed. Fifty Stripes for Practicing:' Medicine. XII. And be it further enacted1,, 1^the authority aforesaid, that no negroee or other slaves, commonly called doctors, shall hereafter be suffered arpermitted to administer any medicice^ or pretended medicine, to any ot??r slave, but at the instance or by diroi: tion of some white person ; and in ce?? any negro or other slave shall offong herein, he shall, upon complaint proof thereof made to any jneticir *r? Mio noorw fnr thu rifillTltv Sllffprcrwv. poral punishment, not exceeding; fitfciy stripes. Andrew Rutledge, Speaker*1 In Council Chamber, the 17th May, 113.7* Assented to: James Glen. 1800. Punishment lor Assemblings tlio Purpose ot Mental or Kit*? ligious Instruction. II. And be it further enacted, by il-j*. (Feb. 18, 1861?Jefferson Davis inaugurate April 12, 1861?Beauregard fired on Fort S of the greatest wars recorde April 14, 1861?United States Flag lowerec April 14,1861?Fort Sumter surrendered t May 21, 1861?Congress Adjourned to mee April 2, 1865?Richmond evacuated by the April 9, 1865?Lee surrendered to Grant a April 14, 186T? Major Anderson raised the had lowered four years pre April 14, 1865?Abraham Lincoln assassin? April 16, 1865?Battle of Bentonville, last ADril 18. 1865?Johnston surrendered to SI