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w & The Press and Banner. BY HUGH WILSON. a ABBEVILLE, S. O. 0 Wednesday, Nov. 6, 1901. J i ' ? a o "Friendly and Deferential." t Recently tbe public orators who have ad- s dressed our people have kindly omitted tbe fc former eulogies of our dead, wblcb bad be- F oome almost threadbare. For tbls omission & tbe peopl6 are very grateful. In "friendly and deferential" regard for our r neighbors, as well an for other orators who i may address this people, we would suggest that speakers study their speeches and bave t something to say which bas not been said t about ten thousand times. For .'Instance: 1 Tbe question of local self-government was c settled at Appomattox. Tbe usual speech on II this subject has been, therefore, delivered 8 often enough. r Tbe valor and berolsm of the Southern t soldier has been referred to so often that we ( all know that little speech almost by heart, d Tbe war was ended thlrty-slz years ago, a and, as a rule, the old men wbo took part In c that sublime struggle, bave laid down tbelr t arms to engage In the peaceful pursuits. ? Many of them are very poor. Bcme of them are on the pension list, and all are waiting for I kA irhloh nonnnl Innff hfl dAforrf(1 c If they oould bear leu of praise for past t services and more about what a grateful country would do to oonvlnoe them that pub- s llo utteranoes were something more than Idle a wind and meaningless sound, then hypooritl- t cal praises would be turned Into sweet acts and sincerity of purpose. t Old soldiers have bad a surfeit of praise, c They have beard mucb of Southern valor, | but ,the subject of bath and State pensions t seems to have been neglected. t The scarred veterans need not flattery now, c their ooursa Is nearly run, and their reoord Is safe. What these tottering old men need Is t pensions or substantial evidence that.the t publlo speakers really place an estimate t upon the servloes wblob were rendered at a i time when the veterans were In their prime i and In the full strength of their manhood. < The Confederate veterans have beard flap- l doodle and tommy rot until they are tired. < Stereotyped praises of old soldiers, when < pensions are withheld, Is on a par with i this expression: "Live old horse; you'll i get grass." 1 Nearly all the survivors of the Confederate war In this county were present In the Court < Hons* last Thursday. One of the orators warned us against in novations and advanced ideas, while the other gave a review of a book on Oram. Although the question of establishing a , soldier's home for helpless veterans is uow a live Issue, yet neither orator said a word on the subject. Although the most degrading conditions are made precedent to the re? celvlng of a fourteen-dollar pension, yet this fact was passed over without mention. Even the proposed Confederate monument was not referred to. While It Is not usual for an organization of living men to build a monument to their own glory, yet the dedication and the insorlptlou on that monument might have reoclvad a little notice. If the Confederate soldiers are to build a monument, it might be well to have an understanding as to whom it shall be dedloated. Whether to the Colonels and the horses, or to the Veterans whose bravery Is praised by all. At a soldiers re union a discussion of the proper division of the pension money would have been eminently proper, and would have afforded a theme for at least a remark or two by able orators. It would have been Just to all if some effort hud been made to perfect the pension laws, and to rid the well meaning charity of the Bute from existing abuses. If the ghost of MoLaurlnlsm would down long enough for some of our orators to give earnest attention to the aiding of worthy distressed comrades in their declining years, they would do a servloe for whloh a xnisfnlinlHIarT wnnlfl h? thankful. If the eloquent orators at Abbeville bad urged tbat the gallant soldiers should also make patrlotlo oltltens, and if vbey had prepared a plan whereby the State would not pay a premium to inactivity and poverty, they would have done well. Why should not our speakers and our law makers devise plans whereby those who are able to earn a living should be denied the privilege of sharing the money whloh has been appropriated for tbose who are, from no fault of their own, in distress? Those who in war so proudly maintained the high military character of tbe South should in peaoe seek to maintain tbe same prond spirit tbat animated them in war. For tbls reason it occurs to us that the pensions should be distributed on tbe prlnolple of inability to earn a living, and not upon a basis of poverty or indisposition to work. 1 Those who fought bravely in war, should < not be less courageous in the peaceful struggle i for bread. The flrBt requirement pre cedent to drawing a pension shonld be a I certificate from a committee of reputable nby- < siolans stating that the applicant is physical- ' ly unable to earn a comfortable 11 vine. J The Slate itself should not tempt her gallant old soldiers lo inactivity In the pursuit of bread. The State should not offer an lnduce ment to any man to ceaBe the effort to selfsnpport, no matter how gallant he may have I been in war. When a man can easily earn | from fifty oents to two dollars a day at work why should be lie idle in the shade and seek ] to share the money which has been appro- i prlated for his less fortunate comrades 7 Tbe State should provide liberally for the maimed, tbe slok, and tbose who, for any reason, are unable to make a living, but she ought not to set a premium on Idleness or oall any oltlsen from his legitimate employment to become a pauper that he may reoelve the Bute's bounty. Cat off tbe names of all able bodied petitioner# and give tbe money to those wbo are, 1 became or physlo&l disability, In distressed clrcumaiancefc. J These .re-unlon? abould be for otber and higher purposes than being flattered for gal- I lantry forty years ago. We have heard that old story until it Is threadbare and tiresome. The estimate of a man's oharacter as a sol- i dler may be gauged by hlsoonduct aa a clil zen. It Is not probable that the soldier wbo did bis full duty In war would shirk responsibility in times of peace. A good soldier < seldom falls to make a good citizen. And a good citizen generally makes a good soldier. A good man may be counted on to be a good man any where, even in peace. Tbe New Collector. Tbe appointment of Mr. GeorgeS. Koester i to the collector of revenue, has given, we believe, universal satisfaction to tbe people. Of course his personal enemies, among whom , the State is chief, are displeased. McLaurln has given substantial evidence that he is true to bis lrlends. And the way in which he has been securing good appoint- i ments for Democrats shows that he has had 1 a good Influence on the President. .Senator McLaurln has secured more by Washing- I ton than has come to Demoorats from others j in twenty years. This fact, of course, excites ] Tillman's hostility. He couldn't get anything for the Big Indian Show, and he has secured very few appointments for Demo; j crats. < i Shoes at 75c., Shoes at $1.00, Shoes of all kinds for j Ladies, Misses and Children { at E. M. fladdon & Co. Glass and patty at living prices at Mllford's drag store. I i ' ' ' The Terror of l/iilonl*mi. While the prejudice of the masses is being aborlously excited against the trusts and laildentally against tboee individuals who may ibance to own property, little attention is telng paid to the lawless acts committed igalnet a poor class who commit no greater iffence than performing honest labor. On last Saturday nlgbt two scabs in Colum>la were bunted up at tbelr quarters, one van shot and Instantly killed, the other' pas badly wounded. The reason foi this asault and murder being perhaps bised on no; itherground than the fact that the victims ookjobs at the Railroad Shops, which the trlkers did not want. The victims were seeping bachelor quarters In a remote tart of the town, and a white woman was teeplng bouse for them. The Augusta Chronicle says of the parties ar. ested that one was a sou of a popular englleer, and the other "la well connected." We do not know the motive which Induced he Chronicle to give certltioates of characer. The law of this land presume.' to extend ts protecting arms alike over tliu hovel, the ottage and the mansion. A in m'i home be Lever so humble, Is his castln, > ndthelaw houldglve equal protection to every man, 10 matter how rich, or high, or poor or bum>le he may be. If bo lives in a disreputable luarter In a tumble dowti but, be no doubt loesso more from necessity tban from choice, tud bo is entitled to the same protections that nay be given to the rich neigbors who live In >rownstone houses on the most fashionable ivenuee of the city. On the other hand, as we understand it, the aw against murder would restrain the band if the sons of popular citizens as well as the lands of those who are "well connected." When a man Is cbaged with murder the law bould not enquire into his character, except is Ills acts may Incriminate him, or provoke be murder. It Is presumed that the facts connected with he killing are to be lnveRtlgAted. If "well lonnected" gentleman and the sons of popuar citizens go to the homes of the lowly and rlendlessln the midnight hours and shoot hem to death, the iact of their respeotablllty >nly makes the crime more aggravated. If the time shall come when highly respecable citizens, may with Impunity go to tbr louses of poor and humble citizens to shoot ,hem to death, we shall have desoended to a elgn of terror which shall surpass the deeds of inarcbiats. As we understand, the anariblat shoots down In broad day light the ilghest and the best citizens of the land. For his crime he usually sutlers. But bow often lotbe rich and powerful, the popular and ,he well connected, suffer for their crimes igainst the poor who may not be able to live n a fashionable part of the city. We do not understand the object of giving >ertlfloatea of character. The State Is entertaining Its readers wltb iccusatlons and 111 things of his neighbor, Mr. Koester, wbo has been appointed colector of revenue for this State. The State leems never so happy as when saying evil hings of somebody. If fall tbe evil things ffblch that paper has printed were published n books of ordinary size, they would probibly till a library. If tbe good things which t has printed of people were collected they night possibly fill a little pamphlet. It seems that The State's fight in this Instance, aB in other cases, will amount to lotblng. The very viclousness with which .bat paper attacks, carries with It the antlJote for Its venom. We are glad to see the following expression by Mr. Kobn, who ititaff correspondent of the News and Courier: "Tbe talk ol Collecter Koester's commission being held up amounts to nothing. Tbe announcement Is made that Mr. Koester has rtcelved bis commission and that be will tomorrow take charge of the office. The talk that an effort was to be made to have the President bold up the commission amounted nnthlnir. "The only flgbt tbat could now be made tvould be on tbe confirmation of tbe appointment, and It Is not known tbat any objection will be made la tbe Senate. Senator McLaurln, wbo 1? tbe personal friend and advojate of Mr. Koester, will take care of bis Interests tbere." An Impartial |ury of their townsmen would qo doubt accord Mr. Koester credit for being it least as good as bis accuser or persecutor. A Thought to Make Yon Shudder. If a citizen In Alaska 1b advised by bis physician to burn the bed upon which a 30D8umptlve bad died, would It be right for tbat citizen, Instead of burning tbe bed, to Save It exposed for sale on tbe market, where in Innocent man might buy It. Physlcalans believe that tbe bed and oedding of a consumptive should be des Lroyed by fire, and tbat such beds and bedling should not be used again or exposed lor sale on tbe market. The Tariff and the Tobacco and the Sugar Interests. We sometimes see speculations to tbe effect that tbe tobacco and tbe sugar trusts may oppose tbe annexation of Cuba, because such ictlon might Injure their business. Tbe producers of these commodities being In the minority we do not see why the lnterssts of the majority should not receive con ilderatlon. And we do not see why tbe majority are notable to take care of themselves. Church Hoppers. Pious brethren bave spoken out more fully on the subject of oburob suppers than this paper could afford to speak. Read an article which we copy from the Baptist Courier, and never give your counteaance to another church supper. VALUABLE WATER POWER. It Ik Possible (bat it May Be Tnrned to Good Account. Mr J. W. McDonald, who, with Mr, Parks of McUormlck, has bought Calhoun's mills, was in town Saturday. The new owners ol the valuable water-power are public spirited #nd will endeavor to develope their property rhey will put up new machinery for grinding wheat, and are on the a'ert tor a trade whereby they may utilize all their power. I'hej would be glad to organize a stock company for the purpose of transferring by electrlcltj theh water-power to Abbeville or elsewhere, as the demand may require. As another cotton mill may be a possibility. It might be well to enquire Into the exped lency of using electric power In case a new mill Is built. In case complications should arise because of franchises already granted for the city limits, there Is no good reason why the proposed uew mill should not be located outside of the city limits. The town that does notgrow Is dead. Abbeville in the last few years has made wonder ful Droeress. and there Is no reason whv the procession should stop. CARRIED OFF THEIR FEET, ? Goods Almost Glveu Bway-Pretly Clerhit aud Pretty Goods Turn Customers Crnsy. When public spirited citizens of Abbeville turn tbelr mind toanythlng they gout It with all their might. Manager W.G. Chapman Is so absorbed In the building of the furniture factory that he bas Just turned over his goods to Mrs. Chapman and goes to the place where the work of building the factory is going on every day, rain or name. Mrs. Chapman's bead has since then been 'turned" and she Is Just giving away the greatest bargains on eartb. The tear is, that she will sell everything so low that the firm of Chapman <fc Co. will be badly crippled. She not only reduced the price of her goods so low as to astonish the nations, but to Hdd to the complications she has employed one of the prettiest clerks to be found any where. When a customer falls Into her bands he ijoes away poor In money but powerful rlcb In great stacks of pretty goods. Miss Gertrude Moore takes In ibe mony so fast that It takes two boc k keepers to count and keep the money straight. T .... ? * Tablets from one cent up, at DuPre's Book Store. DOES A BABY PAY? Father's View of the Entries Hade on the Family Ledger. Does a 2-year-old baby pay for itself up to the time it reaches that interesting age? Sometimes I think not. I thought bo yesterday when my own baby slipped Into my study and "scrubbed" the carpet and his best white dress with my bottle of ink. lie was playing in the coal hod ten minutes after a clean dress was put on him, and later in the day he pasted 50 cents' worth of postage stamps on tne parlor wall and poured a dollar's worth of the choicest white rose perfumery out of the window "to see it waia." Then he dug out the center of a nicely baked loaf of cake and was found in the middle of the dining room table with the 6ugar bowl between his legs and most of the contents in his stomach. He has already cost $100 in doctor's bills, and I feel that I am right in attributing my few gray hairs to the misery I endured walking the floor with him at night during the first year of his life. What has he ever done to pay me for that? Ah! I hear his -little feet pattering along out in the hall. I hear his little ripple of laughter because he has escaped from his mother and has found his way up to my study at a forbidden hour. But the door is closed. The worthless^ little vagabond can't get in, and I won't open it for him. No, I won't. I can't be disturbed when I'm writing. He can just cry if he wants to. I won't be bothered for? "Rat, tat, tat," go his dimpled knuckles on the door. I sit in silence. "Rat, tat, tat." I sit perfectly BtilL "Papa." No reply. . ' y "Peeze, papa." ft " Grim silence. ' V ' "Baby turn in?peeze, papa." He shall not come in. My papa. I write on. "Papa," says the little voice; "I lub my papa. Peeze let baby in." I am not quite a brute, and I throw open the door. In he comes with outstretched little arms* with shining eyes, with laughing face. I catch him up into my arms, and his warm, soft, little arms go around my neck, the not very clean little check is laid close to mine, the baby voice says sweetly: "I lub my papa." Does he pay? Well, I guess he does! He has cost me many anxious days and nightB. He has cost me time and money and care and self sacrifice. He may cost me pain and sorrow. He has cost much. But he has paid for it all again and again in whispering those three little words into my ears, "I lub papa." Our children pay when their very first feeble little cries fill our hearts with the inva nrvl the father love that lUVkUCi IW?\ V^v. ought never to fail among all earthly passions. Do our children pay??J. H. D. in Detroit Free Press. THE SPEED OF BIRDS. It II Not Nearly So Great aa Haa Been Generally Aitaamed. If you consult the usually accepted authorities on the speed of birds in their Sight, you are likely to be misled by an exaggeration of from 100 to 300 per cent. This is because figures have been given on hearsay, uppearanee and very superficial observation. But recently American, English and French observers have been comparing notes and are practically agreed, after most careful calculation,' on the speed of the best known birds. They started with the carrier pigeon and have made him a base of comparison. He has heretofore been credited with 110 miles an hour, but it 1b now agreed that he is entitled to 50. A quite recent long distance, carefully conducted test of 592 miles, from the Shetland isinnds to London, showed that the most rapid pigeons made 37 miles an hour. On shorter distances none made more than 50 miles. Because frigate birds have been seen far from land and have been supposed not to fly by night or to rest on the water they have been credited with a Bpeed of from 150 to 200 miles an hour. If they did fly at that speed, they would have to overcome an atmospheric pressure of from 112 to 130 pounds to the square foot of flying surface. There is no certainty that they fly more rapidly than a passenger pigeon or that they do not fly at night or do not sleep on the water. The swallow, that is indeed a rapid flier, has been credited with 180 miles an hour, but he must be cut down to 65 miles, and the marten is five miles behind him, though authorities have placed him ten miles ahead. The teal duck ?s brought down from 140 to 50 miles an hour. The mallard is five miles slower and flies the same as the canvasback, while both of these are five miles an hour ahead of the wild goose and eider duck. The pheasant makes 38 miles an hour, which is three miles'ahead of the prairie chijcken and quail, though the latter appears to fly much faster on account of his temporary burst of speed that seldom exceeds 200 feet. The crow flies 25 miles an hour. Small birds appear to fly more rapidly than the large ones and have deceived many observers. The humming bird does not fly as fast as many awkward appearing, very much larger, slow flopping birds.?-Chicago Times-Herald. A Proud Father. A member of the New York Yacht -1?V . n.nn.lln knoaflnff tfl an f)M L'lUU v> as ^iuuujj friend he had not seen in 15 years of the merits of his children. "Henry, as you may possibly have heard, is at Harvard. As yet he has done nothing for the family. Archbold is at the Leland Stanford university. I wanted to bring up my sons as far apart as possible, under hopelessly different and varying circumstances. Of course Archbold has not as yet done anything for the family. Harriet is married to young , and, well, I really can't say that she has done anything for the family. The youngest child 1b Virginia, who is just becoming useful." "Indeed? And what does Miss Virginia do?" "She has just reached the age and Btature when she can wear her mother's old clothes. Captain, will you accompany me to our grillroom ?"?New York Press. Well Posted. Mrs. Greene?That was a fine article your husband wrote about "The Smoke Nuisance." Mr. Greene says it is the best thing that has appeared on the subject. Mrs. Gray?Yes? I suppose it ought to be. My hnsband 6moked no less than 4? * ' If ?Rngtnn veil nunc Hiiuug am Transcript. A bcautii'ul line of fancy china of the latest designs, including some handsome toilet sets. A lull line of staple crockery always on hand. W. Joel Smith & Son. ? ? There Is nothing but tbe very bestextrac money will buy used In our nyrupH. Pure fruit Juices and irult. Give us a call. Tbe Speed Drug Co. When yon need orockery and glaBsware call on J. Allen Smith, Jr. - - V" V'- ,j JOLTING OVER BAD ROADS. ? The Majority of Farmer* Show No Inter* Tn Road Tmnrnvumpnt. With the same patience that the earlj settler waited for the railroad to bt built must the advocates of good road( wait for any decided action to be taken for the betterment of our publio highways, says the Whitewater (Wis.) Journal. For the last five years our roads have been the topic of the press, but vre fail to see the good effect that this should have had on the minds of an intelligent people, and, strange as it may seem, the farmers are the very last ones witi which this matter finds any favor. While our city cousins have long sinc( protested against the slow, uncomfortable horse car and compelled the companies to build expensive electric lines with palace cars, we are contented tc jolt along in cumbersome vehicles ovei nearly as bad roads as those our grandfathers traveled in early pioneer days, and farmers who read from time t( firno svP ikA 1<*rcro on ma nf mntlPV finPTlf by the government in making public improvements "would vote against ar equal amount being expended on om highways. For a proof of this fact just see witl what reluctance most farmers work or ! the road, even when well paid for thei] labor; better paid than they often nr* for the work which they do on th< farm, and yet a greater proof is th< fact that in many of the towns in thii county they still cling to the old waj of working out road taxes by allowing a man so much for his team, plow o: shovel and giving him ten hours' storj telling. At a rough estimate there is betweei $10,000 and $15,000 expended annually on the roads in this county. If part o: this large sum of money was investec in machinery used in making roads, anc then have the work done by a body o; men working under a county oversee; who had proved his ability as a roac builder and civil engineer by passinf a satisfactory civil service examination we could get more and better worl done. Such a man could be obtainec for a moderate salary, and the worl done would be more uniform and satis j factory than that done by pet overseen who are appointed regardless of ability but because of some political pull a town meetings. Of course there are exceptions to th< general class of farmers who are work ing and talking to the best of tbeii ability for good roads. It is to be bope< that success will in the end crown thei: efforts. WIDE TIRE BENEFITS. They Not Only Improve the Road, bat thi Load Is More Eaally Drawn. The beneficial effect of the wide tin on dirt roads is strikingly shown ir some recent tests at the Missouri agri cultural experiment station at Colum bia. A clay road badly cut into rati by the narrow tires was selected foi the test as presenting conditions leasi favorable to the broad tire. A numbei of tests of the draft of the narrow tir< were made in these open rnts and im mediately followed by the broad tirei running in the same rnts. The first rni of the broad tire over the narrow tin rnts was accompanied by an increased draft, the second by a draft materially less than the original narrow tire, th< third by a still greater decline, and ii the fourth trip the rut was practically obliterated and filled. The narrow tirei were then run over the same road, witl the results that the draft was lighten than before the broad tires had beei used. Alternating the broad and narrov tires on this road for a number of timei resulted in a gradually decreased draft In other words, the broad tires wer< improving the road snrface to such ax extent when run but half the time as t< + Uo rlvoft oonai^orn^lv looa for fl 1 Uiaao HUU UiUil UUiiU4MV*MV.J -VMW .w. ?. vehicles. This clearly demonstrates tha if even half the wagons nsed on dir roads had broad tires the resnlts woulc be beneficial in draft and enormously beneficial in bettering the condition o: the roads. In another trial, when a clay roac was so badly cut into ruts as to be al most impassable for light vehicles an< pleasure carriages, after running the < inch tires over this road 12 times th< ruts were completley filled and a firs class bicycle path made. A careful reo ord of the drafts shows that the drafi was materially less than with the nar row tires immediately ^efore. Thus th< road would have been gradually im proved by the use of the broad tires a the same time that the farmer woul< have been able to transport his product over the road with greatly reduoet draft Steel Roadway. Secretary Wilson has given direction to General Roy Stone, chief of th< bureau of good roads at the departmen nf acricnlture. to construct a sample stee roadway at tbe most convenient loca tion be oan find at tbe Nashville expo sition, where it may he seen and studiee by the visitors who will attend the ex position during the summer. Secretary Wilson thinks the steel trackway fo: wagons is the easiest solution of thi good roads problem, particularly in tb< west, where stone and gravel are soarce, and the soil is deep and sticky. Improved Roads For MIsiiBaippL Mississippi now has a road law which, if properly carried into effect and if kept in effect for a materia length of time, will probably give thi state a system of public roads superio: to any that it has ever bad and perhapi uperior to that of a majority of thi southern states.?Mobile Register. Farmers Took tbe Lead. It was the farmers who originate! the state aid law of New Jersey anc who carried it into execution, with iti vastly beneficial result, not only in th< state, but as an example to many othei states. It was also the farmers wh< built the excellent Canandaigua roadi in New York at their own cost NorseN Local*. Trunks, trunks, trunks. If In need of trunk, dresR suit case, telp?cope or ham satchel, be sure to go to Morse's for It. Maple syrup, sweet pure and genuine, li pint, quart, half gallon and trallon cans, am BIKU UL1 UIBIIIJUL IU u gmiuu tiaunt A fresb lot of red clover, lucerne and bur clover Just In. Barley, rye and oats, the bent. Nothing gives as large returns In proportloi to space covered and labor expended as a wel 'kept strawberry bed planted In really cliolci varieties. Let all In need of plants read ad of Continental Plant Co. In this Issue. HANDMADE FILES. AN INTERESTING DESCRIPTION OF A DELICATE PROCESS. Workmen Become So Accurate That They Could Go on If They Became Blind?Mechanics Held It to Be an Art In Whleh Machinery Could Mot Compete. ! Rasps and flies In the bands of a first ^ olass mechonio rise to the dignity or tooia I of the first order in a maohine shop. To i "file square" is a test of skill which has i caused many a braggart to lower his crest, i and an A 1 vise hand is a treasure in a shop where finishing is done on the bench, j To file square means to file true; to finish the face of the work without marring It with scratches and rounding surfaces, and to do this as a regular everyday thing, lg 1 an art to be won only through practice > and long experience. Files ruin thousands t of dollars' worth of work, and filos add . thousands of dollars to the value of manufactured product. j In some of the machine shops of Chioay go are gray haired mechanics who have " worn overalls for 40 years and more. They 3 remember well the time when maoblne 1 made files were held up to ridioule and f scorn and when all first class, well known makes of files were cut by hand. Some of l these old fellows still insist that maohine , made files are not and never can be as c good as the files whioh are cut by hand, j and they carry this prejudice to such an extent that they declare they cannot do good work with the machine cut files. J It would be difficult for them to tell the 3 diffarflncB bfltwaon the two makes of files, r for within comparatively few years ma5 ohines have been making files that cannot r be approached by the most expert file cutr ters of Sheffield. Files, and many of them, are still cut by hand, and a file cutter Is probably the most expert user of a ham1 mer and cold chisel In tho Industrial world. r Files and rasps are made of stool whioh f varies from the ''blistered" steel for the 1 poorer quality of files to the best crucible, i or "cost cast" steel, for the higher grades, f The blatfks are prepared for the file cutter r by forging the "tang," or tapered point j for the haDdle, and shaping the steel to the proper form undor a dio or press. The ' blanks are thoroughly annealed or soften> ed, and are perfectly clean and free from ' scale when laid on the bench of the work1 man who cuts the teeth. c A file cutter generally works on the . same kind of a "cut" year In and year j out. This gives him a mechanical perfection which cannot be secured In any other ! way, and it is said that a workman's band becomes so accustomed to the spacing that were he to become blind be could 3 cut just as well. Files are made of many forms to suit - ' J-t? ??^ wrVklnh fKnr nra r LI JO grcuu YOflOU/ Ui num nuiuu tuv; w.v 1 called upon to do, but the "cuts" which t give coarseness and fineness to files are comparatively few. They are known as 44rough,""bastard,''''smooth"and1 'dead smooth." These are the common "cuts." "Floats" are tingle cut files, and double , out files are made by crossing the first out with a socond cut, thus changing the parallel, unbroken cutting edges of tbe 3 floats into numerous points. 1 When a face, or one or more edges on a - file, is left unout, ih is said to be "safe." No matter wha6 the form of the file is, i whether fiat, square, round, half round, r rat tall, three square or knife edged, the t cutting is done the same way. A short, . light, ?nl cold chisel, with a broad, straif jtting edge, is used. The hammer a curious looking affair, for it Is * our .i somewhat, and tbe handle is in' serted woll toward the smaller end. The i hammer weighs from one to six pounds. } In striking the workman gives a peculiar 1 pulling blow which raises the "bur" and r gives the particular cut oharacterlstio of . files, and it was this cut that for nearly 300 years prevented inventors from designing machinery which would cut a file 7 equal to the hand cut article. 3 The workman sits on a low benoh whloh i comes out from a long wide bench. Before r him is bis anvil, usually a stone blook or i a slab of iron. The blanks are held in j place by straps which pass over the tang , and point, and then form a loop or stirrup under tbe anvil. Tbe workman puts his ' foot in the loop, and thus holds the blank 3 secure while he is cutting it. He holds the 1 chisel between the finger and thumb of ) the left hand, and after each cut moves the 1 blank slightly for the next cut. He does t this by lifting tbe chisel over the bur and t then pressing the point of tbe tool against i tbe raised edge just out, at the same time loosening the strap so that the blank can . be moved. In cutting small files or 'smooth or dead smooch files the hammer blows, movement I of the chisel, loosoning tho straps, moving ? the blank, tightening the strap and strik 1 ing the next blow are done so rapidly mat } they are nearly simultaneous. The float 3 oat is made first, and then the second out ^ is made. In making the second cut the workman strikes the chisel with less force, " thus making a shallower out. If the file is K to be out on the other side, the out side is * laid upon a plate of load or pewter to pro3 tect the cutting edges. If the file is other - than a fiat shape, the lead or pewter is t grooved or hollowed out to fit the shape. 1 After cutting, the fllos are hardened, for 3 the annealing makes the steel so soft that , the first use of the filo would bend the cutting edges. Some files are curved before being tompered. This is done by heating the cut files to a dull red and bending them to the required curve over a wooden 1 block with a wooden mallet. The files to i Kq KaWlanorl ATfl first OOVGrfid With a mix- I t ture of salt and some sort of carboDaceous 1 substance. This covering serves a twofold . purpose?it prevents the teeth from oxida. tion and from losing the carbon in the j steol, and by fusing indicates the proper heat for tempering. It also serves to prevent cracking when the file is suddenly J plunged into the cooling liquid which c gives the file the temper. 3 Naturally a heated file suddenly cooled 3 will warp more or less according to its , form. This is prevented by giving the file a "set" in the other direction before it is tempered, bo that the tendenoy to warp actually straight3ns the file. When tho steel has reached the propor heat, the file ' is lifted from the fire by the tang and eud? denly immorsod in cold water, and before 1 It has grown cold it is withdrawn and put 3 In a screw clamp, which koeps it from r curving or bending. The tang is then sof i toned by sticking it in melted lead,aLd then 3 the file is oleaned, dried and oiled.?Chicago Reoord. Wood Ghu. n-u- rkaftaivint.rv In Canada. i.no tunu ui i/vc^vu.., ? , ' where there are several largo lumber iulll8, i la partially lighted by gas made from saw3 dust. The sawdust is ohargod in retorts ) which are heated by a wood fire, the gas r from the retorts passing into a sorlos of , coils, and thonce into the puriflors, which are similar to those used for coal gaa. Lime is the principal purifying fcg&nt employed. Heavy Winter S^oes can d be found at P. Rosenberg & , Co. d Call and see our large line of clothing, shoes r and hats. P. Rosenberg A Co. onrl hruah on to I It you wnuin mvo ? I Mil ford's drug: store. He always keeps them on band. Forthe man behind the pocket book Hall & Anderson's overcoat prices are very pleas, In*. 6 Cure that cold with Mllford'i Cold and Grip I, Tablets. No cure, no pay, Phone 107. Mlltord's drug store. ' T' '* ' ' / v-j r? miKiii ii: in . IMMJMJM* m nmmm? ? _ . W. 9. COTHHAN, j DEALt Proprietor. n AND ALL BUIL] SALE DAY. Bail Weather?Good Humored Crowd! ?Some Buyers Bought Bargain*. After a long spell of beautiful weather, w< bad colder weather and a Blight fall of rale last Monday. The publlo square was well filled wltb people, stock and vehicles. The best of feeling prevailed, and ever) body accepted the bad weather as their due. The Brownlee estate was sold by the execu tnra hm hv omission or accident, we failed tt get coles of tbe sale. The Probate Judge made sales as follows: Estate of E lzabeth Weeks: 76 acres, known as Elizabeth Weeks homestead bounded by Keliey Deason, EBtata of Searles J. Fuller Lyon and others, to W. J. Weeks loi 1310. E-itate of Robert Alexander Stark: 12i acres, near Mt. Carmel, bounded by T. G. Ba ker, J. T. Lawton, Farmers' Bank of Abbe vllle and P. L. McElroy, to G. Cade, Sr., foi WOO. The Master's sales were: Estate of W. F. Kennedy: 180 acres, boand ed by J J. Kennedy. W. L. Kennedy. B. A Wilson, Hocky Rivtr, lands ot T. J. Bisktu and others. Rniti lu three trams as follows: 40 acres, lo I*. L. Barnes for $10.90 an acre. 98 acres, lo I). L. Btrnes, SO 25 an acre. 4U acrf" , to T. O. Klrkpainck, S7.25 an acre This tmuaferred to Mrs. Latimer. B.C. Kay, as Quardlan, Ac., against George Reed and others: 80 acres, bounded 3y B. C Kay on the north, A. J. Speer on the earn, A Z. Bowman on tbe south andJobn E Petti grew ou ihe west, to J. T. Latimer for 8180. Estate of J S Cothran : All that certain block of stores situated In the city of Abbe' v I lie at tbe corner of Main and Washington street", fronting on tbe nubile square and on Main street, known aeCotbran's Block, con Mating of ten stores fronting on Washington street and tbe public square, and a barbpj shop, a livery stable ana two store roomi fronting on Main street. First store, next to Seal & Sign's, to Mrs. E C. Cothran 8 40C Second, to Mrs. E. C. Cothran *5? Third, to J. H. and Mrs. H. C. Cothran 601 Fourth, to J. S.and Mrs. H. C.Cothran W( Fifth, to J. Allen Smith,Sr., aud W.8. Cothran 70( Sixth, to J A ifll fSUlltU. s> 90C Seventh, to J Allen Hmlth, Jr., Miss Grace Smiti ?nd H. G. Smith 1,50( Eight', to J. 8. Cothran and Mrs. H. C. Colli ruu 1,30( Ninth, to J. S. Cottiran and Mrs. H. C. Cothrnn 1 00( Tenth. Including the Ice shop and barber ?hop, to T. P. and W. C. Cothran 8,00( Twa stores next to WUdec's, to Mrs. Em a C. Cothran 1,00( R< staurant and a small shop, to Mrs. Emma C. Cothran 1,00( Livery stable, to Mrs. Emma C. Cothran 2,00( Lot lo rear of livery stable, lo Mrs. Emma 0. Cotbrau 80( Law office In rear of tbe Court House, bounded by offices of Parker & Greene and the office lately occupied by W. A. Lee, to T. P. Col b ran 40< 40 acres, tbe Hamilu tract, one mile from I he Court House, to W. 8. Cothran G0( 60 acre tract, sou lb of Aloseley F?rry road, one mile from Abbeville, fo W. 8. Cotbran 601 The Johu Kocky Smith lot In Port Plck?DH, to W. 8 Cotbran and J. Allen 8m lib 71 Tbe t'lrcaR Next Week. Tbe Walter L. Main all New Big Faahlot Plate Railroad shows which Is due In tbli city on Wednesday, Nov., 6th. exhibited a Washington, D. C., Oct. 7lb. and Stb. wbet tbe Evening star of Ool. 8ih. of that clt> s?ld: "The large audience that greeted tb< Walter L. Main new fashion plate shown ye? terdny afternoon and evening went awa; thoroughly satU-flnd that tbey bad not beet deceived in the advertisements of the roan agement and that there bad been an adequati return lor the price of admission. At tbi matinee nerformance about tbree>fourtbs o the seats In tbe t>ig circus terns were occu pled, whil" Id the- evening tbe canvas wa pacHed. Old and young enjoyed tbe perform ances from beginning to end. Tbey laugbei at ibe sallies of tbe grotesquely palntet clowns and cheered the daring of tbe perform pr8.* The glittering street p?geantf In the fore noon had given tbem an Idea of what wa id store within the ranvss city. Tbey wen wltb tbe InteDtlon of baving a good time ant 'bey were not dlssxpointed. The management has endeavored through out. to give a performance both novel am pleasing, and Is to be congratulated In de parting from many of tbe old and stereoly pei eatures'of Ibe ordinary circus. The show al 'he way through Is clean and up to datf There are none of tbe objectionable feature that are oftentimes encountered In travelllm tented shows. Tbe menagerie Is worthy 0 special note. We hav.e a large line o: Velvets in all colors anc prices. Th^y are the Latesi fads for Ladies' waists. R. M. Haddon & Co. JL. (V t, in. miller s liichis, Call and see our C>Hee's, Just received fresl lot at 15,20, 25, and 35 cents. Fresh butter, eggs and cheese on Ice all tb time. Our O. and 0. tea Is the very best for ;lc tea. We sell Arm and Hammer soda at 5 cents i nound. Our stock of groceries Is the very best, am vp deliver promptly In any part of the city Fresh lot of Helnz's pickle Just rec'd. We sell a eallon of the very best vinegar an< a nice Jog for 40 Cts. Buy a Deerlng mower to cut your pea bay. C'lrcun Com In jr. The Westminster Md., American Sentlna >f receu t dHte has the following to say of thi rlglnal Wslter L Main and New Big Fash 'on Plate ItHlIro d Shows, which will glvi t wo pprforrneuces at Abbeville, Wednesday Nov. (Jih. Main's Palace Fashion Plate Circus am Men.-igarle arrived In th 1h city Friday morn lngand after displaying a portion of thel how, In parade, through the principal street* sjave two mam>lfluent performances, (Hfter noon and night) to very large audiences The horses, anlmala and paraphernalia weri flue and everyiblng was up to wbat tbey art rtlftecl. The attaches were gentlemen aDt >ery polite nod we hear of uo couiplnluti agulDHt them. MAIL CLOSES. Mnlh Co in lute nuil Going Every Hum iu the l>?y. Hours that the mails close at the Abbeville post office: 9.05 a. m. going North on the Southern. 10.50 a. m. going South on the Southern, 10.50 h. m. going to Hodges. 11 ID a. m. golni; South on the 8. A. L. 11.40 a. m. going North on the S. A. L. 1.10 p. m. going North on the southern. 1.10 p. m. gnlnu l>> llodgHH. 2.55 p. m. it -lug South M. A. L>. 8.55 p. in. iiug North S. A. L. 5.40 p. in nolng South Southern. 8.00 |.. ui. going North and Soul h S. A. L. Root. S. Lluk. Postmaster Arbor Bay. rpilK ATTENTION TEACHERS IN THE pil' I (! NCDI'Ulfl IB v> htt'i t\j bug JUi.cv> iuj Act of I be Legl-l nure <?f 18SS: Si.C. I. Be ll ena -ted by the G^npral Assem blyol the State of South Carolina. Tuat tbt free public schools of ibln State shall observe the thud Friday in November of each yeai a? Arbor Day, and on that day ihe school officers and teachers shall conduct such ex erel*es and etiKHge In the planting of sock Bhru'iH.and plants and trees as will Impress on the minds of the pupils the proper valut and appreciation to be placed on flowers, or namental shrubbery and shade trees. J. S. Glbert. Co. Supt. of Education. Nov. (J, 1901 Call on W. Joel Smith & Son for fresh moun tain bucK wheat flowe.. Ii ' - y,-i _^===^__I II CiPffl, * . y A ^ K. Q. FAULKNER, Manager '.'. 'X 1 HI, J 3ING MATERIAL, SOUTHERN RAILWAY. ;j Condensed Schedule In Effboft Jane U)th, 1901. 7 . STATIONS. iCTL.; Lv. Charleston "ll 00 p m 7 00 a m " Summerville. 12 00 n't 7 41 a m " Branchvillo 2 00 a in 9 00am " Orangeburg 2 45 a m 9 28am , " Klngvllle 4 05 a m 10 24 a m > liv. Savannah..., 12 80 a m 12 80 a m > " Barnwell 4 13 a in 4 18 am ' " Blackvillu 4 28 a m 4 28 a m . Lv. Columbia. 8 00 am 11 00 a m ; ' Prosperity 7 14 a m 12 20 n n " Newoerry 7 80 a m 12 86 p m v! M Ninety-Six 880am 180pm " Greenwood. 8 60 a in 2 06pm At. Hodges 9 16am 826pm. Lv. Abbe villa 886am 1 46 p m At. Belton 10 10 a m 8 20 pm' J Lv. Anderson 9 40 a m 2 46 p m i Ar. Greenville 11 20 a m 4 26 p m Ar. Atlanta.(Qen.Tlme) 3 66pm 900pm STATIONS. | No^k J' Lt. Greenville. 6 20 p m 9 40 a m < " Piedmont *6 60 p m 10 06 a m " Willi am gton 7 12 p m 10 2E a m ir. Anrtarann 8 15 p~m 11 16 a m Lv. Belton 7 85 p m 1U 46 a m Ar.Donalds 805 pm 11 10 a m Ar. Abbeville 9 05 um 12 01 n'n Lv. Hodges 820pm 11 26 a jp At. Greenwood 850pm 1160am - Ninety-Six 9 10pm 12 06 pm " Newberry 10 15 p m 1 10 p m M Prosperity- 10 82 p m 124pm " Columbia 11 50 p m 2 40 p m At. Blackville 2 52am 162am " Barnwell 8 07am 807am Savannah 4 50 a m 4 50 a m Lt. Kingville 282am 8 46 p m " Orangeburg 8 45am 4 42pm M Branchville 4 26am 5 25pm Summerville 5 57 a m 0 42 p m At. Charleston 7 00 a m 7 80 Pm. No^Nffg STATIONS. No*l? 11 00 p 7 00 a Lv..Charleston..Ar 7 80 p 7 00 a 12 OOn 7 41 a " Summerville " 6 42p 5 57 a ; 2 00 a 9 00 a " .Branchville. " 5 25 p 4 25 a 2 45 a 9 28a " Orangeburg " 4 42p 8 45a 4 05a 10 24 a " . Kingville " 8 46 p 2 82a 12 80?a Lv. .Savannah Ar 4ix>a 4 18 a " ?Barnwell.. " 8 07 a " ? 4 28a " ..Blackvllle.. " v 7 2U a 11 80 a " Columbia.. ,l 2 16 p 6 8J p ? 7 67a 12 16p " ....Alston.... ' 126p 8 60a . ^ , 8 68a 128p " ...Bantuc... " 12 16p 7 40p > 8 16a 2 OOp " ..... Union " 1187a 7 lOp 6 84 a 2 22p ' ..Jonesville.. " 11 17a 0 68p > 9 40 a 2 37p , " ....Pacolet.... " 1106a 8 42p 10 20 a 8 10 p ArSpartanburgLv 10 85 a 0 16p , 10 86 a 8 40 p L^Spartanburg Ar 10 26 a 0 00 p 2 OOp 7 16p Ar...Asheville ...Lv 7 06 a 8 OOp "P" p. m. "A" a. m. "N" night. DOUBLE DAILY SERVICE BETWEEN J CHARLESTON AND GREENVILLE. Pullman palace sleeping cars on Trains 86 and * ) M, 87 and 8a, on A. ana C. division. Dining car* . on these trains serve all meals enroute. Trains leave Spartanburg, A. & C. division, > northbound, 0:68 a. m., 3:1ft p.m., 0:12 p. m., Sestibule Limited) and 6:56 p. in.; southland 12:20 a. m., 8:15 p. m., 11:40 a. m., (Vestibule Limited), and 10:8b a. m. Trains leave Greenville, A. and C. division, northbound, 5:55 a. m., 2:84 p. m. and 5:18 p. m., ) (Vestibule Limited), and o:55 p. m.; south9 bound, 1:26 a. m..4:90 p. m., 12:40 p. m. (Vestlt bule Limited), and 11:80 a. m. i Trains 15 and 10?Pullman Sleeping Oars ' between Charleston and Asheville. s Elegant Pullman Drawing-Room Sleeping i- Cars between Savannah and Asheville enroute 7 daily between Jacksonville and Cincim^ati. i Trains 18 and 14 Pullman Parlor Cars be tween Charleston and Asheville. p FRANK 8. GANNON. 8. H. HARDWICK, ? Third V-P. & Gen. Mgr., Gen. Pas. Agent, ' Washington. D. 0- Washington, D, G. W. H. TAYLOE, R. W. HUNT, v b Asst. Gen. Pas. Agt, Div. Pas. Agt. - ^^^AtlantaJGj^^^^^Charle8toniS;C. Every day in the week we sell 1 nice smooth unbleached homea spun at 4 cents per yard. Also a heavy quality, yard wide, at 5 ? cents. W. Joel Smith & Son. r . ?$ SEABOARD AIR LINE R. R. f "CAPITAL CITY ROUTE." I Shortest Hne between all principal cltlea North, Ewt, Sooth nnd Wept. Uneooalled aoheduleo t to Pun-American Exposition at Bnffa'o. Sbedule In effect May 28th, 1901. if Dttl* Daily Local" NORTHBOUND. No. 6?. No. 81. Atlanta to Clint'B Lv Savannah, Cen. T 11 4.5pm 2 10pm No.62 Lv Fairfax 1 34am 3 68pm. Lv Denmark 2 15?m 4 89pm j Lv Colombia, East'n T... 4 40am 7 12pm Lv Camden 5 37am 8 Ofli>m _ LvCheraw 7 12am 9 43pm 6 Ar Hamlet. 7 40am 10 15pm Lv Caihoon Falls Eaat'nT 1 00am 4 11 pin 11 47am e Lv Abbevlll'' 133am 4 38pm 12 22pm Lv Greenwood 2 01am 5 Oipra 12 49pm Lv Clinton 2 55am 5 47pm 1 3Spm Lv Carlisle 8 43am fi 83pm i Lv Chester 4 10am 7 03pm .. , Lv Catawba Junction 4 45am 7 35pm ^T Hamlet ... 7 10am 10 1'lpm Lv Hamlet 8 00am 10 8Gpm ] at Kalrleh 10 87am 1 24am Ar PeUTDbursr 2 45poi 6 4Saoa _ , ArKlchm nd 8 28pm 0 29am Ar Wachlngton 7 06pm 10 10am Ar Baltimore 11 25pm 11 25am Ar Philadelphia 2 55am 1 86pm Ar New York 6 Warn 4 25pm . Portsmouth-Norfolk 5 50pm 7 00am g Dally Dally Loc*f~ < SOUTHBOUND. No. 31. No. 21 CHot'n to 0 ' Atlanta. I Lv Cheraw, Kast'n Time. 7 48am 11 18pm No.63 ' I Lv Cnuiden H 25am 12 63tm 1 Lv Columbia, Central T._ 9 40am 1 05am -I Lv Di-nmnrk 11 09am 2 27am r j Lv Fairfax .'..11 Mam 3 H5ani i Ar Mivann-h 1 47pm 4 52am J Ar Jacksonville 6 10pm 9 15am I ArTuuipa 6 15am 5 40pm g Lv Catawba, Kaat'a T 9 40am 1 05arn . Lv Cheater 10 20am 1 42am 1 Lv Cnrliale 10 47am 2 05am 8 I Lv Cllntun 11 87am 2 5iam 2 10 pm Lv Greenwood 12 22pin 3 46am 3 OS pm Lv Abbeville 12 48pm 4 15am 3 33 pm Lv Calbonn Falls 1 15pm 4 48am 4 11 pm Ar Athens 2 40pm 6 28aui 6 43 pm Ar Atlanta 4 55pm 9 00am 8 00 pm No. 66 connects at Washington with th-> Penncylvanla Hallway Buffalo Express; arriving Buffalo 7.85 a m. IVInmMn 'Vnttrhorrp A Tjinrens Kallw'V Train No. * 52, leavin? O'luuib'a, Union Station, at 111\ a. in. dully, connects at Clinton with 8. A. L. K). No. 53, affording shortest and qUokeft route by several hours to Atlanta, Chsttanoova, Nashville, St. Louis, Chicago, and all points West, Close connection st P> ten-burg, Richmond, Washington, Portsmouth-Norfolk, Columbia, Savaunah, Jfiekson' llle and Atlanta with diverging lines. MagnlAclent vestibule trains carrying through Pullman sleeping cars bei ween all principal points. For reduced rates, Pullman reservations, etc.. apply to '.Vm. BUTLER. Jr., D. P. A., Savannah. Oa. O. McP. BATTE, T. P. A., Columbia, ri. C. J. M. 13AHK, 1st V. P. & 0. M.. Portsmoath.'Va K. E. L. BUNCH, G. P. A? Portsmouth, Vft. I Good goods at right prices . is what fills a store with i bargain seekers. We have* [ both, and the people are ; coming to us. P. Rosenberg : & Co. ? ??? Beys nulla aad shoes. We are offeringspecial bargain* In tbls line and we warn your tr?de. Very Respectfully, P Hosenberg & Co. "i For Sale?The Martid's Mill water power. I Apply to Mrs. I. H. Stella, Abbeville, S. C. ' . '' ?- ' . f'v % "