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I Iruralmaii S| The Marvelous Gro1 ^ of the i fPP to the present time there lias been nothing in the history of the postal service of States," says the J annual report of the first assistant i postma ster-general, "so remarkable as the growth of the rural free delivery system." The daily delivery of mail at the farmer's door,'by the Federal Government, is no longer an experiment. In the words of the report, the system I has now "to be dealt with as an established agency of progress, awaiting only the action of the Congress to determine how rapidly it shall bo developed." The current month finds rural free delivery of mail in successful operation from 383 distributing points radiating over forty States ami ?nn Territory, while other districts from Maine to Texas are anxiously waiting for those regular visits from Uncle Sum which mean so much in a variety of ways. EUEAL CARRIER, BOWLIN'O GREEN", OHIO. (Twenty degrees below zero.) This country is learning that cthical considerations like these are most intensely practical, and that a study of such problems is what the country needs for a truly larger growth. But figures are deduced in the report to convince those to whom figures are the only taugible evidence. So the report sets forth that whenever the system has.been started properly, it has been followed by these results: Increasod postal receiptaf More letters are written and received. More t newspapers and magozmgk are subK scribed for. So this advancement that many^jaj^routes al A WUUJ f**J 1V/i I'UCmoCifW UJ ?HV tional business they fairing,!^-Enbauoeinent of tlie value offarm lands reached by rural fr^re delivery., This increase in value has been estimated at as high as $5 aaacre jbcaomt States. A moderate "estimate is liM>m $2 to $3 an acre. A general improvement of the condition of the roads traversed b^the rural carrier. In the Western States especially the construction of good , roads has been a prerequisite to the establishment of rural free delivery service. Iu one county in Indiana a v special agent reports that the-fsrmers spent over $2600 to grade and gravel a road to obtain rural free delivery. k JJetter prices obtained for farm produots, the producers beihg brought infrt dail* fr\nnVi with tViA ?tnt.A nf thn markets, and thus being enabled to take advantage of information hereto |il '"W '\r ~ ' -DELIVERING MAIL To P * SUGAR PL, !*>; wanmmm z. ' 'J- DELIVERING rftAIL I it^?LSNO 'r : ; * In the communities vhere it has been tried free delivery is considered the greatest boon that the Government ever has conferred on them.One Missouri farmer has calculated that in the last fifteen years he has driven 12,000 miles going to and from IhepostofBoe to get his mail?all travel [ > that is saved to him by the free def tiverr ejstwn. >\o ? 3)^ d)2? 2 So^P ^an dfc?o uo\b uo^ uoo iVo *b 6oo tVoVb aoo /Vovb aSvb uo\5 ?/ovb/v?n^ . DELIVERY. 1 . S^fcS wth and Popularity || Bysterri. f? OKMO Iu the last report of the First Assistant Postmaster-General there are [ some striking illustrations. There is, for example, a scene at a country store, twelve miles from Lafayette, Iuci., from which point three rural letter carriers start daily, each making a circuitous drive of twenty-five miles or more, without passiug over the same rond twice. At the particular point photographed., - :jvn arr^j^tenr mail boxe3 in ticKuH^ftfi^T delivery carriers, as a rule, ^ Ha frills" in Indiana, which i SfaiteVnHpto Ohio, has the lion's snare o$#&?xistiug experimental service. AflK of. them provide themselves regulation uniforms, at their oi^fcfet, and furnish special wagons^ with pigeon holes and other : postal appliances?all for $400 a year, horse hire included. OiU in Arizona, where in the genial | summer sunshine the temperature oc- ; casionallv rises tfif lltt^egrees and stays' there, tha^ rural carrier rarely wearran? insigfitoof Kis dignity/?icept his badge^Rrhich is a nickel ' platid arrangement made to fit tt?x [ kind'of hat. Instead of comfortarof^ 1 PkNTEQS IN LOUISIANA IN ARIZONA riding in a specially constructed postal wagon, he as often as not mounts a bucking bronco, or diives him to a buckboard, with only an umbrella for shade. But he makes thirty odd miles a day, nevertheless and the Department has just issued orders to cut down this particular route from Tempe, five or ten miles a day, chiefly out of consideration for the bronco, because the caviior can probably sleep as com? fortably in liis saddle as anywhere else. The hardships sometimes encountered by the rural carriers are shown in the photograph of a rural carrier in Northern Ohio returning from a trip when the thermometer was forty decrees below zero. Yet, though the First Assistant Postmaster-freneral A SCENE NEAK LA four cross roads meet, and twenty or more families, most of them living half a * ile from the store, bare each put ap an individual letter box of galvanized iron, lettered with the name of the person for whom it i9 intended. Er- Into, this box the carrier, whose] hour |?arrival is known, and scarcely , minutes,-wiDter or summer, d$^$4i'e letters and daily papers for eachiamil y, an d eotleoto, iru return _ their mails.which areyMwi in a Government collection box, plslce'3:iii position at the same spot. The farn? or'.Q r?hilr1rpn nr nnnli irile linnds as ha can Bparo, gather up the mail and carry it to the house, And tUe farmer is thus spared a drive of twelve miles to the postoffice, which he would hardly feel justified in undertaking in the most favorable weather more than twirA a wpfik. and then at much Der sonal inconvenience and pecuniary loss. Under tlie rnral free delivery system he gets his mail and his paper daily without cost of time or money, and he is gratified?properly so?for the recognition which the Government has given him in bringing the i mails so near to his door. ? reports that there are several girls acting as bonded rural carriers, few instances are recorded of their fafling to make their daily trips; either in the coldest storms of winter or the blazing heat of summer. One question which has received grave consideration by the Department is the insecurity and improper character of tho mail boxes put up. On this subject the First Auiistant Postmaster-General says: V # ' " " I '?^>^jn .FAYETTE, IXD. Jg$| ' In the early days of the service, when neither Congress nor the Postoffice Department, as then organized, held out any hope that rural free deJivery would prove more than a transitory experiment, extreme carelessness was manifested as to the kind of receptacles put up as rural free delivery boxes. Tomato cans, cigar boxes, dra&age pipes up ended, soap boxes and even sections of discarded A CAF.BIER AT CBAWF0BP3VILLE, IXB^j stove pipes were used as mail boxes, and were frequently placed in hedge rows or other inconvenient spots out K&reach of the carrier. '^The Department has entered upon a systematic effort to correct this condition of things, and a recommendation is made that the Government provide uniform boxes and mointain them, charging a moderate rental. United States Medal of Honor. The medal of honor granted by Congress for some conspicuous act of gallantry is so rare that hundreds of officers have never even seen it. The bow knot worn in the buttonhole in lieu of the medal goes un recognized except by the very few. The medal is of black bronze, and is often mistaken for the Grand Army insignia, the latter having been patterned after it to a certain degree. It is much larger than the latter, and on* the reverse side is engraved the name, rank, date and the battle in which the service was rendered,> and the specific;, act of heroism for which it wa3 given. ' The medal is only worn on state occasions, but the bow knot is always worn. It is a small affair, with its specific ribbon. It is of silk, white stripe in center, bordered by two blue stripes, which are bordered by two red stripes. It is an inch in length and three-eighths of an inch wide. The little emblem shows that the wearer has received from the Government the highest honor that can be conferred upon man. The Secretary of "War recently issued an order, after a conference with the executive committee of the Medal of Honor Legion, that hereafter, on all official occasions, receptions, banquets, etc., tue uongressional medal of honor will be worn resting on the breast and suspended by the broad official ribbon of the order around the neck.?Cincinnati Enquirer. One Alan Who Eats Toadstools. Eating toadstools, in the interest of science, is the pastime of Janitor Gilbert, of the botany department of the University of California. Professor Setchell, assisted by Janitor Gilbert, has been gathering mushrooms found on the campus for the purpose of determining whether they are fit for human consnmption. But the professor doesn't take any of the chances. That phase of the experiment falls to the lot of the janitor. When the searchers find a new variety Gilbert eats it. His survival entitles it to be listed with nutritious foods. When he'bnmps into one that will bring his career to a full stop, the public will be advised not to eat that particular kind of mushroom. So far they have found twenty different lcinda AnderriArimenttid with them all. In liis own particular way Mr. Gilbert is a hero, tbongh he is modes' enough not to think so. YToulil Nurao II in* ITernelf. They found her hurriedly packing a valise,-: "Where are you going#'.' they asked| "To the Transvaal," &B replied# "But I thought yoa viidn't belief in Wjcuaen going to war?" ' *'1 doa5t>vbut tfijfou think I am going to let.' any of' t^^ie red-cross women nurso my Harold back to health if he wounded yon, are mistaken. I'm going to be-ihere myself."?Golden Penny. |*: ' '* - v>'- l)oe* All the Talking Herself. A clever toman can always give a slow man- thejtmpreseion that he has paid a lotto! bright things himself.? Chicago Refl6rd. Queensland is being gradually con verted into a large orohard. The Australian orange in part^cuil^ias a great futnre, as it ripej^ -Ume when Spain, Italy xSBfflBWE^iimnot provide the fruit, ^ J / I r Jt. , \ A x 1 AN OFFICER'S DARING EXFLOIT. I Brigadier-General J. Franklin Bel), Singl< Handed, Whipped Seven Filipinos. j Official repoita received at Wash- I ington show that Brigadier-Genera) ' J.. Franklin Bell, Colonel of the Thir. ty-sixth Volunteer Infantry, who is J ! alao a Captain in the Seventh Cavalry, i y it DniOADIg^-OByEEAJ^'j. j'BAKgJjpf EELXi. has performed one ofrthe moat brilliante?ploi|t8bf personal daring during" the war in"the Philippines. , This special act of; gallantry was performed by; Bell, who w^Jjgien a Colonel, near Porac, Luzon; $?bn he Sras in command of some pcont^head of the regiment.' Just as the do^as dawning the part^enconnttii^df the enemy's pa^rpl, comlang of one Captain, one Lientenartt aAd fiveprivatos. Colonel Bell was Jn advance of his men and spurred on hi? horse. Tho enemy was oonfnsed, an^tjfe men sought to run away. Cblgpil Bell [ pushed ahead alone' antf'unaustaineci charged- the seven insurgentawith his jJist'oL i He scattered the party and compelled the'surreilder oftWCaptain .and two privates under a olomuia hot fire' from the tcmaininp: four insurgents, who were donoealecHn a neighit is stated tl^ one of that the wonder is |hat'Bell'atfll Kves. Colonel Sell entered West Point froni SfcatByviUe, Ky., in 1874, fl^'gradtot^jnto the cavalry giui the Seventh Bnreau^^^^^^^rmation. He was subsequently appointed a Major a^^^^ef^ana then a Major and iajjuitant Adjutant-General of VolunjjSBpfc. When the Thirty-arrth Re^iBmffit was rccmited, Major Bell was i- i- - xt_ _ l - _ ? 1 appointed iu ut> mtur uutuuoi. Time and again- the conduct of Colonel Bell ia the Philippines has been commended bj his superior officers, and he has been recommended for medals and for brevets. At the I taking of Caloocan last February, j while our troops were shelling the j town, Bell, then a Major, led a com- . pany of the First Montana Eegiment . in a clever and audacious outflanking ' maneuver whereby they penetrated the town and arrived unexpectedly on the enemy's left flank. The enemy, outwitted as well as outfought, fled precipitately. .> Kaiser'* Great Kins of State. Whenever the Emperorof Germany :s engaged in an important function, either imperial or royal;,IjhQse near . him notice that should he by any ! chance take fo glove off his left hand he wears on the middle finger a largo ring?a square, dark-colored stone set in massive gold. The 6tory is that the ring is an old heirloom iu the Hohenzollern family, dating from the time when the ancestors of the Kaiser?the Margrafs of XTtn-omViorn?fnllnwpij their leaders to the capture of the Holy Sepulchre j from the Moslems. Mairgraf, of Ulrich, who lived in the J thirteenth century, was an adventur ous prince, and it is believed that the ring which the Kaiser now wears came ; into Ulrich'3 possession after a hard- j fought battle under the walls of Jerusa- j lem. It belonged to one of Saladin's successors, and in some unexplained manner it fouud its way ou to the finger of the German Knight. Some one of the Nuremberg Margrafs obliterated the sentence from ; the Koran which originally doomed it and engraved a Latin croM in its place. >aturiil Curiosity. The living tree horso here, sketched is a natural curiosity to be seen in the vicinity of Datchet, near^Windsor, England, says St. Paul's, If is formed of four topped elms, which stretch ? 'thb^ iiivi ii o use. over a spnce, of 150 feejt and grow t( the height of sixty feet. The top? have never been touched by theajjjiftrs, or otherwiptf influenced than liy 11a ture's own baud. % A Venerable Church. The Second Unitarian Church ol i Boston recently celebrated its two hundred aud fiftieth anniversary. Samuel MatheT was ibe first ministti of this church. Afterward Increase and Cotton Mather filled the pulpit, and it was here that Emerson served his only pastorate. A Hard Thing to Underntand. One of the hardest things to understand in this workaday world is how so many incompetent men get such ( desirable jobs.?Puck. Th$ Chinese Fit; In Washington. The Chines* Embassy is the only one in Washington that flies the flag : | of a foreign country* Connecticut Hlcliwiys> "v'"i The first payments are being made from the Connecticut State Treasury to the various towns which havo availed themselves of the road im- j provement law passed by the last ] -legislature. The essential features of that statute are !he payment by the State of three-quarters of the cost of j improved roads in towns with a tax j list of $1,000,000 or less and two- I thirds of the cost in towns with tax , list of more than $1,000,000; the State not to spend more than $175,000 in one year nor more than $4500 in any one town annually; the sum of $6000 a year for State inspection to come out of the $175,000; and a proviso by which a town may, with the assent of the State Highway Commission, use the full amount of the appropriation for two years. The returns at the Highway Commissioner's office show a remarkable j success of the new law. Oat of 168 j towns in the State 115 have this year made applications. Out of the $350,000 appropriated by the State for two years?or $338,000, excluding inspection, expenses?all but $30,000 is exhausted by the applications of the 115 ftowas, which willreoeive from $501) to $4500 each from the State. The ; law onlv relates to main roads bo- j troflAn towno anil nt t.hesfl it 19 flsti. .! filiated at the Commissioner's 'office J that on 500 miles improvements have j now been completed since State aid began and on several hundred miles more improvements are in progress or immediately projected. During 1899 and 1900, including payments by the towns, the outlay under the law, present and prospective, amounts to about $?33,000. IQ fifty-three of the 115 towns, gravel roads or regrading haa been done or is in progress, in some cases preliminary to hardened roads. Under the various lawk passed at j recent sessions of the State Legisla- I ture, there has been an outlay of about | $800,000 and 138 towns out of 168 in j the State have availed themselves of | the various State-aid laws. A very en- : couraging feature of this statute is the ! large number of small country towns i which have begun highway improvement, and the sum of $30,000 of the State appropriation still left will be given first to the towns not yet applying, aud secondly, to the towns whiob have not asked for more than $500. The secondary effects of the law in improving roads arid awakening communities in the State to the importance af better highways hare been very great, not a few towns spending much larger sums than usual outside of the law, and one town spending $30,000. In regrading roads, also, much money bas been spent ettectiveiy, aun . an evil in tbe old Connecticut highways considerably abated. There is complaint that some of titz towns do not keep the State-aid road- | in proper repair, as provided for undei I the law, and that important branch ol I the statute remains to be tested. Ic i such cases the law provides that tin ! State can make the repairs and the town must pay for them. The eager .ness to take advantage of the existing law for State aid is iudicated by the fact that the 115 towno applying al' did so within a period of six weeks. Wide Tires. j Narrow tires are one of the large (raks in farming. In some careful ex .:ats that have been made, it has wdt demonstrated that on a drj gravel road 2-182 pounds could be hauled on tires that wore four inches in width, while on the standard tire? ?one and one-half inehes wide?onlj 2000 pounds could be hauled with the same draft. On hard, dry, smooth dirt roads that were free from dust, the draft necessary to haul 200C pounds on narrow tires'could haul 2530 on broad tires. If the rood was covered with two or three inches of dust, there was an advantage in narrow tires. If the roads are mu(Jdj and of sticky clay, and firm underneath, the narrow tire is better. II 'the clay road is dry on top the broad tires will carry 2200 pounds with the same draft that will be necessary to haul 2000 (pounds on narrow tires. On a drying road of this character, ! the wide tires particularly show their merit over the narrow tires, for tho firmer the road becomes the greater is the difference of draft in favor of . the fy?ad tires.> That difference is as much as thirty per cent, on the best road. The reason that the narrow j tire is better in deep mud is because : it has less surface for the mud to cling j to. Good Koaia In Illinois. Chicago is as deeply concerned in j the improvement of the conntry roads ! aa any other community in IlUuois. | Perhaps in the nfcir future she^will be K more so, especially if her people con- jj tract such a desire for long-distance , country jaunts as that which obtains ; among the people of other cities at home and abroad. It seems difficult for us to realize that one may mount an automobile in Paris and find a j smooth and beautiful road all the way ! to Lyons. Boulogne, Strasburg, Berlin or Vienna. There is scarcely a piece of country in the United Kingdom that cannot be traveled with a bicycle. New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Ohio have done i .wonders of late.years in the way of ! good voad-making. Illinois is younger j and has greater difficulties to sur J itiauut, owing to the nature of her soil, but by organized and intelligent ef- j fort can accomplish the desired re- J salts. The Stnto should help out the , poorer communities and liberal boun- i tiea might be provided for conuties! gnaking the best showing.?Inter/Ocean. Salt For KondbetU. The application of salt to roadbed? will be tried this winter in New York. It is believed that salt will prevent the top soil from freezing, thus obviating the mud which invariably comes with the thaw. According to the Municipal Engineer, Professor Burr, ol Columbia University, says of the pro posed experiment that the effeot of sal! would be to lower tho temperature al whioh the surface soil would freeze, and it would also take up the moist j ure?and bo, perhaps, do away with the j mud. It is an experiment which u well worth trying. There are 3,363,720 Christian Endeavours. ? ' , * L. CUBAN General Wood Will ""ReQisdy All Irrag-ulariti^HIH All Prisoners Most d^^ied-^ljfff^faVo , Ueeu Confined For Months Without a Trial. IIavasa (By Cable).?General Woodsaye (hat one of the first things he looked tato after his arrival was the management of Cuban prlaona. Investigation has proved that, even among American prisoners alone, .here h?3 been an average detention of five months without trial. There a*6 many things calling for immediate attention, par* cicularly in the matter of sleeping accommodations. Reforms will be promptly instituted In this respect, and hammocks will oe supplied so that the prisoners will not be compelled to sleep on the bare floors, as is now the case with those who are without friends or money. Only a few who are able to pay for them have cota. One of the first things taken in hand by General Wood ns Military Governor of Santiago was prison management. It was his custom then to malce a personal visit to the local jail once a week and to go through the entire list of thosa confined, summarily disposing of the charges against thoso who were obviously unjustly detained and releasing those who had been Imprisoned for a long period on some trifling ground. He intends to mako weekly visits hero also until a majority ef therexistlng abuses are abated, and he is trying to devise means that will Insure prompt trials for persons accused. Men whom General Ludlow ordered to be released are still held, after three ot four year9 of waiting without trial. General Wood thinks that when his order goes i into effect calling upon all judicial officers and military commanders to send complete lists of prisoners awaiting trial the congestion of untried prisoners will bo relieved I within fifteen (lavs, and he does not intend that similar conditions shall arise again. 1 INSURGENT FOKCE DEFEATED. Driven From a Mountain Stronghold by Infantry and Artillery. Manila. (By Cable).?Colonel Lockett, with a force of 2500, including artillery, attacked a strong force of insurgents intrenched in the mountains near Moat&l* oan, about flvo miles northeast of San Mateo. The enemy were completely routed, the Americans pursuing them through the hills, amid which they fled la 1 avery direction. J Four Americans were wounded. The Filipino loss was largo, resulting frbm a 1 heavy infantry and artillery fire for three < hours into the trenches. They numbered ' probably 1,000. I Tl<e main attacking party consisted ot the Forty-sixth Volunteer Infantry, a ( troop of cavalry, and artillery. Colonel ' Lockett commanding in person. The rest of the command operated from remote points in an endeavor to carry out Colonel Lockett's plan of throwing his line? around the enemy, and thus cutting off retreat. The nature of the mountainous oountry made It impracticable to execute this movement successfully. ROBERTS AND KITCHENER MEET. \ British Generals Sail From Gibraltar For South Africa. Gibealtab (By Cable).?The British atoamer Dunottar Castle, havlntr on board ' General Lord Roberta, of Kandahar, Pom- j mander-ln-Chief of the British forces in , South Africa, arrived here a few days ago. 1 .. 1 : -try i OESERAL LOUD KITCIIEXEr. I General Kitchener,who came from Egypt to join Geuwral Roberts as bis Chief of ? ? i 1 *-1? I ! UtntZ, erxDaruoa on nonru hid uuuvuu Costle aud the vessel Immediately sailed ' for Cape Town. 1 Winston Churchill Sato in British Camp. ' London (By Cable).?From Delagoa Bay Winston Churchill sailed to Durban, and he is now in camp at Chieveley. Mr. , Churchill describes the Boer position north , of Colenso as unusually strong, ami adds | that beyond is u broken country. It is believed in Colenso that Ladymith is de- , manding early relief, , The Telegraph's correspondent at Chieveley says that when the Americau | Military Attache saw the position at , Colenso he-remarked, quietly: "Is there no way rou^d?" CONDUCTED A SCHOOL OF CRIME. , Ohio Man Taught Little Children How to | Steal in Retail Stores, Lima, Ohio (Special).?James Poorman, I ariested here a few days ago, has been conducting a school of crime, according tcthe ( stories of Aggie Scanlan, aged eight years, I and of others to the police. Ttis Hoaolan j girl said that Poorman instructed her and several others to mingle with crowds in re- 1 tall stores, to pick up articles from tin counters. How well ho schooled them is evidenced by the fact that none of the children was , detected, but when the pollae searched , Poorman's room they found two trunkfuls of plunder?jewelry and email articles ol value. King Receives Minister to Portugal. ' .King Carlos, at Lisbon, a few days ago gave an iaudience to John N. Irwin, the , qow United States Minister to Portugal. I j America'* Space ?t Paris Exposition. .'Professor Benjamin D. Woodward, As distant United States Cominiss inerGssueral ; to tiie Paris Exposition of 1930, has taken , official possession of the spaces alloted to , tho United Statos in th? Bulldlngn of Machinery and Electricity at I'aris. Thero was no ceromony, llollcf For Iiullnn Famine SuflererH. ( The Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon ol f(ii?npnn!ia in London from ' VCUIKIUU, <iUlve>.r>.. -- Calcutta that there lias boon no increase o' rain, and thut 2,451,009 natives suffering Croiu famluo are uow receiving relief. Nevr?y (?le?nui!C<. Kansas raised *80,833,603 worth of corn, wheat and oats last year. v Several of the largest abandoned copper uiines in Eastern Maino will again be operated. An effort will ho tnndu in Congress to substitute a Federal pilot system for the present State system. Nearly 2890 residents of Minnesota shared in 1899 In the tree-planting bounty, receiving $2.40 an aor j. The celebration of tlte <go!deu jubilee ot the founding of California's government has just been held at 8nn>toso. The Hum of f 13.700,000, it is estimated, wm paid for Christmas prthents in -Wan- . j hattaa Borough, New York City. j its is Why tlio Dram Hablt^^^^H^^^Hj^^Hj The mnin of the decre^|^^^^H^H peraaee lias been the spread ot kqo^^^HHB Infrnlv ^ht-ginfl^' llV t*T I ,?H Hlllin. against com moo sense uud too c&stfy Injurious effects, declares t'.e New Torlc^H Sua In aa editorial. Since u,tfdue alcoholic stimulation affects first the judgment, weakening it seriously, (f is known to b? responsible for a groat part of the business failures. The really notable financiers ot Wall street do not belong to the "cooktait brigade," clearness of bead and soundness of judgment being too indispensable to them. Only the small fry depend on. "whisky courage." In the aoclal Intercourse of private life, too, the consumption of liquor has decreased greatly. Dinners are no longer drinking bouts and tlie time 3pent on them has been diminished greatly. Drunkenness has become disreputable, or is pitied as the manifestation of a deplorable disease. In ail callings In life, from the highest to the lowest, sobriety is more and more at a premium aud intern- ;V peranco Is more and more distrusted. Tne temperance agitation which has been roost effoctual, therefore, has been scientific rather thau puroly moral and religious. For the old-fashioned "temperance pledge" of the days of Gougb, tho specific medical treatment of dipsomania as a disease has been substituted, and men are temperate from intelligent regard tor a the nrnserratlon of their 9&nitr. Mor*> over, the increasinc fierceness of modern competition is warning ruen of the nece9r '9 iity of keeping tbeir wits about them, fit ':JE they are to make head against it. Along if? with the strong tendency to tbe conaollda- ' ' tion of business at this tune comes a demand f : special and eminent individual ability to satisfy its requirements greater . lhau ever before in history. Never in the past was Hrst-clas.? aiministratlve ability iO sure of rich and distinguished reward as" it is now. Great captains of affairs are needed. Every weak point in a Uian is discovered under the stress of such a trial. Wall street is tilled with the stock and bonds of vast consolidated industrial enterprises wblch can only be maintained prosperously by tho continuance in their management of a succession of peculiar administrative talents. The percentage of commissions and the margin of profit have been steadily reduced, until they are at a limit so low tbat only the greatest volume t 3f transactions, and consequent!? the I ;reatest'ablllty of management, can make A jnslnes3 profitable or keep it from sinking. m At this time, therefore, men have found )ut that they cannot drink to excess it H ;hey are to bold tbeir own. Science and V invention have opened up and ^re steadily * V jxtending fields ot labor wherein the keen- 1 sst intelligence in tbe mechanic Is requisite, io that he.canuot afford to fuddle his head with drink; he must be a man who can al ways be depended on or ue win uo iuuw jut. Never berore was suspicion of Intemperance in a worker so fatal to/His success is now. Everyman who Is wise keeps ilmseir constantly In floating trim for the :ontest. All society, therefore, has become a temperance "leagae," and harrowing pictures jf drunkenness) deemed effective in the old :ime are not now necessary to warn men of i dangor of whose reality they are kept ioasclous by their daily experience. Drunkenness has gone out of vogue both is a fashionable and iu a popular amusenent. It is a habit In which only thoao ivhose health and life are valueless to ;hemsel,ves and to everybody else can afford to indulge. Lovo of Liquor Not Hereditary. Professor Sims Woodhead, spoakla? th? >ther day before tho Society for the Study )f luebriotv in England, cametothe3aoonMusions: Ho litjld most strongly that a lirect transmission of the faste for alcohol j lever occurred. Of coarse, he accepted rary fully tho fact that certain nervou3dls- v >ases and degenerations involving certain ^ iltored and weakened inhibitory powers ire transmitted from creneratloa togauera:ion. The*e, however, did not always assume tha samo form, the manifestation of :he effect often tmnug on very umsisu characters in dllTeronC generations. But whatever character they assjmod, tha remit as regards alcohol was inevitably th? *amo, and until for more evidence was Drought forward than had yet been presentnij, he should strongly maintain that what was so often spoken of as an inheritol :aste for alcohol was an inherited weakness and lessened self-restraint aSfacting nany other things besides drink, and that i direct transmission of the taste for alcoaol from parents to children, in a consti:ution otherwise healthy, did not occur. with tuberculosis, the disease vfas not iransmittod, but only the weakly ahd unJalanced condition of the tisauas.?Th* Hospital of Loudon. 4 Whipping Tut DrunUard*. I The whipping-post for drunkards wa3 idvocated bv the Rev. Henry H. Kelsey, riastor of the Fourth Congregational Church, Hartford, Conu., in an address before the Hartford Central Association, composed of the Congregational ministers of the country. He said there were over 20,000 arrests every year for drunkenness in Connecticut. The present law is not effective, and Ihe punishment should include a whip- . . -i lahnr Now nothine is |J lUK-pwi VI uuiu ....... w lone except to keep the drunken man out Df sight for a while. It is a mocking comment on the State that it pays as much to house drunkards as it would cost to establish a reformatory, Austria'* Method. Austria proposes to deal with persistent drunkards by treating tliein as- mentally lucapable, and detaining th&m in special retreats for a term of two years. They may go in of their own accord or oa compulsion, but cannot leave at will until their term has expired, exoept In certain eases on probation. In. all cases the in?briate must be legally tried and convictod, Uio courts boinn bound to hear witnesses, including the drunkard himself, as well as the doctors, more especially experts ot; mental diseases. 4Icoliol a I'oiton. At the meeting of the CatUolK-? Total Abstinence Union of America, Archbishop Ireland, wbo has been a total abstainer for twenty-eight years, said that It Is evident more and more overy day that alcohol Is i poison; that the use of alcohol, even tn the smallest quantities, does ham, and as the yeare go by the intelliprenco of the world is awakening to the evils of alcohol, lotal abstinence, he doclared, Is the price !>1 longevity, of good health, oi business iuccess and of self-respect. The Crucado In Hiiof. The Free Church of Scotland Temper* mce Society has roacbed Its jubilee year, with .1 membership of 75,743, iuolu<ling 800 ministers, sixty-uine intealonnries and loloninl ministers. The temperance pledge is nothing to btr lfhamed of. People who imagine Ihoyure itrong-willod sneer at it, but pride always ?oes before a fall; aud nobody U safe from the seductions of evil. Wife aud children should bo dearer to jno's heart than the saloonkeeper. Why should the working man coatrii uto to the UA.ary of the latter uud deprive thofo ot bis oWn flesh and blood of the very necessaries of life? A temperance restaurant fn Paris, under :tie name ot "Hygienic restaurant," has, niess-thaa a year, proved it profitable , Inancial venture. A Whou In 1832 Admiral F<We issued an >rder that the jjroK ratioa he United States Navy, it was said iliat n^HN intiou over had a navy without tli? ation, and that no nation could havi^^H^H without this stlmulaut. Lraudy and absinthe Iiavo ;urse? oI France. One of lliu ending one's day* in a tnadb^HH^^^^H timulate n f:iRged brain spirits. Many jieties in France woridn^^^^^^H^^^H root