University of South Carolina Libraries
>v. anafrTcan ~ ROMANCE. | <A Story Blended With Some Interesting I Colonial History. .1 1BY EDWARD EVERETT HALE. CHAPTEK IIX. Thus it is that I am able to fix the date much better than if I had to rely on that i business of the double lists and the rising and setting of the sun. There were no newspapers in Boston, but there was a great deal of conversation, and whatever was posted up on the town pump, or at the town house hard by, or above the whipping post, or on the front of the meeting house, was rapidlv repeated from mouth to mouth. So was it tinat the week had not ended be- I fore the town knew perfectly well that I "Ginny black" was offered for sale. ' And In one and another conference, In ' which Winthrop and Dudley and John I Cotton took the lead, as they came out 1 from the Thursday lecture, the matter < was discussed in all its relations. When .Tohn Cotton and John Williams went i into the meeting house Thursday morn- < ing ttey did not know much about tho ' matter, and far less did they know what I they thought about it. But, after the ' informal conversation with the other el- 1 ders, aiter the meeting was over, and < before they left the house, both of tbem ? knew very well. Winthrop knew wh^t they thought, and Dudley knew; for, in ? a fashion, Winthrop and Dudley had had f their share In telling John Cotton what i it was as well that he should think. And 1 so, when people went to meeting on J Bunday, there was quite a general im- 5 pree3ion in the congregation that before ) tljey came out they would know what ' was to be done with the black man. The meeting-house was always as 1 full as it would hold. On this occasion I 1 wnson lea mo vuu^ic^auvu m juajvi, then he "doaconed out" one of the 1 psalms, as versified for the congrega- J tlon. Then Cotton led in prayer, and, ? alter the prayer, he announced the text 1 of his discourse. It "was from the I tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth I verses of the eighteenth chapter of J Bevelations. "Alas, alas, the great city i of Babylon, that mighty city, for in one < hour is thy judgment oome. And the ' merchants of the earth shall weep and 1 mourn over her; for no man buyeth 1 their merchandise any more; the mer- ' chandise of gold and silver, and precious < stones, and pearl, and fine linen, and > purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all i thylne wood, and all manner vessels of 1 ivory; and all manner vessels or raoBc precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble, and cinnamon, and odors, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and Bheep, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men." The first head was a description of Babylon in all Its glory. The 6econd head showed that, although Eoston was but a 6mal! town now?nay, had been called "Lost Town" in the sneers of the ' people around her?there was every reason why, if Boston held firmly in her loyalty to the living God, King of kinge, and Lord of lords, Eoston should have wore wealth and trade and rule and dominion than any of the principalities and powers of the heathen. The third head showed that all this was impossible for Boston if she did not oleave to > the livibg God, and did not live by His commands. The fourth- head showed, by full reference to the -books of the Old Testament, that God's people made no slaves excepting in war. The fifth head pointed out the denunciations of the prophats against tne syrians, docauBe they bought and sold slaves from the Islands of the "West. And the Bixth hea'd brought all this to a close, in ite denunciation of Babylon because she ^ traded in souls and slaves, i "I have read to you," he said, "from the word of God, the names of some of those things which perish with the using, which this great Babylon bought " and sold. I have read to you also the J names of treasures which do not perish J in 'he using, which this Babylon pre-; 1 tended to sell and to buy. It is all as * Boston can buy corn and fish and fur, j as Boston can buy beaver and olter and 1 skin of mink and skin of bear, as Boston can send out her sasafras to En- * gland and buy her cotton from the Indies, so could Babylon buy and sell cin-: * namon and frankincense. And then ne ^ read the whole verse. "But woe to Babylon, because she bought, or tried to buy, the souls of men! Babylon the . great is falleu, because she bought those * slaves which her merchants captivated far away. And woe to this town, which we thought the Lord founded, woe to " His kingdom, which we thought was to come even in the wilderness^ in the day when our shipmen and our merchants shall carry away from us our furs and . our spices, and shall bring back to us, for a recompense, slaves and the souls of men." Then, pausing for a moment, he went on to address the King of kings! in prayer. The whole congregation, thrilled and excited, rose to their feet and stood as he prayed, pouring out the ] anger of his eloquence in eager words. "0 Lord God, save thy people, and 1 save thy heritage! Let not the curse 1 and the damnation fall on this place 1 which tell upon those heathen. Let not i thine own people, the sheep of thine own pasture and the flock of thine own hand, stray in the waste in which the i Gentiles strayed. Let them not taste the fruit that was forbidden, let them not drink (,f the waters of Marah. Save, O God, save in this thy time! Blot out, from the book of thy lemembrance our , follies and sins in the days that are past. Remember thine own infinite mercy, and hold fast to thine own purpose in the redemption of this land, and show thy people, in the light and majesty of tkin? own holy spirit, how to ? "'noinc fVinf. f.hov hfivo lifinrifl. UI1UI' MJO VliWIJ* ? V*??v W..VJ ..w . w , hew to turn back from the paths of their weakness, and how to proclaim liberty < > to the captive. 0, role in this thy land, thou who art King of kings and <Jod of god?, tiiou Lord of hosts. Rule for our good, and do not trample us under the leet of thy vengeance. Save us, save, we beseech theo, 0 Lord! Lift up !:im that is oppressed, break the bonds of ftim -who is enslaved, and set the prisoner free. Save uf, Lord Jesus, who hast been pleased in thine own flesh, to lead captivity captive, and thine shall be the glory and the honor, the power and the dominion, forever and ever, world withAnd then he directed them to sing the forty-fourth psalm. Wilson, as before.; gave out the lires one by one. and the 'Congregation all joined In a fashion in Ithe singing. Wllion pronounced the ibenrdlctlon and tho aeeombly was dissolved. There Is no diary nor notebook which gives'any aooount of the conversation In excited clroleB on that day or the next. But In tho colony records, brief as fate but no leea decided, le the memorandum: " J. lie court wroie 10 iu,r. nunums ui Plscataqua, requesting him to Bend the negro which he hud of Mr. Smyth that, they might send him back to GlnDy." IK A . / . ' CHAJPTEBIV. i It was this promptness of the general 1 lourt which brought about tho dramatlo ( 3lose to the story, as it was Anally told 1 me by my four Interpreters. { 1 At the llrst, even after the Interest 11 1 tiad shown In the necklace and In tlie J ' book, they had not understood how in- j 1 tense was my curiosity, and how eager: 1 [ was to gratify it in every detail. As I i J lave intimated already, they had one' ietail and another cf it to give me, such 1 is I should search for vainly, though 1: 1 should go up and down among the oldest: 1 people in Boston, and ask to tell me j ' what they remembered of October, 1645. ' Uas, ?o soon as we give ourselves over I 3 to printing-presses and libraries, this; j matter of tradition, from father to son, j md from mother to daughter, dies out. i * But this tale of the day* and weeks and ' months which Telega the "Ginny Black" j spent in BoBton, while they were waiting for a mabt-schooner to sail from Piscataqua, which might transfer him to as Guinea trader, which should take him1 to the Congo?this tale had been repeated, -without any "Russian scandal," ind without any vagueaess of detail, lor seven generations. Cotton and Wilson and "Winthrop and Dudley, with ill the pride of paper end ink, have been more reticent. They have not bid whether he dined with them or breakfasted with them or took his tea irtth them. Winthrop has not told by ffhat efforts of interpreters he tried to 3nd out whether thisman knew that ha r was a Rrandson of Ham or whether he lid not know. This is certain, that 1 Telega picked up some words of English, f ind I found tha; they still had the name * )f the shillings in the necklace, and they still knew and could 6peak the word P Smyth in a fashion, and more plainly ? ;he word Cotton, and they knew as well . * hat the wampun necklace was a treas- c are of a different sort from the string of silver and gold. . ( Telega had seen and driven horses ? ind oxen: Telega had been taught to ? sail in a boat and to fish with English 6 Ishing tackle; Telega had once been * rusted with the care of sheep; Telega I bad been able to tell of the cocks and j bens for whom he had scattered corn 1 morning and evening; and at last, when 1 Telega had been sent, as I found, to the J Piscataqua for his farewell?sent with J the blessings of priests and the hearty * hand-shaking of "many others?he had * been told that the money that was given 1 to him was to be used for any purpose of t tiis passage, if he should find himself in x i 6trait; out, as ine reaaer win see, ne fell into no misfortune which an intelligent black like himself, with a ^matter- J ;ng of two languages besides his own, j 20uld not fairly meet. He had carried f in a bag at his neck, concealed under his ' slothing, the three joes and thirty-one e shillings, which had been given him by E :he treasurer in the town house in Bo6- c ton, and he had brought them out safely E when he arrived at his home. He hail 1 ilso brought with him the copy of the r scripture, which he had been made to E understand was more precious by far 8 ;han the joes and the shillings. After J le had gained Borne little knowledge of* 1 .he English language, I suppose that one md another attempt had been made to escue his soul from i1s certain danger. * 3ut it was clear enough that nobody c >retended that he had thus gained any * mderstanding of the vital truths of the J. elizion of John Cotton. There had been J 10 blasphemous baptizing, and he had ? jeen left?unwillingly, I dare say?to e vorship such gods as he found in the 1 ** t "HE WENT TWENTV PACES FORTHER " 1 streams or the 6tare. Only John Cotton j lad borne his testimony in a fashion, >y holding up for him and giving him, is a precious keepsake, the copy of the Bible, which had with such revereuce >cen shown to me. A6 soon a6 I had been made to understand this I begged that the book might be jrougnt to me again. I opened and eximined it carefully, hoping to tind John L'otton's name, or some notes from his :and. But there was hardiy a written vord. Once or twice a palpable printer's srror had been corrected. For the rest, t was as it ba'J been sent to Boston rom London. Why, 0, why did not lear John Cotton, if it were he, writo something on that flyleaf, which seemed nade for writing? Or, putting it in gen>ral, why did people who wrote 60 much hat is dull, and said so much that there :vas no need of saving?why did they ioIu the pen, just when we their chilIren are most eager to read and hear? chaiteic v. This ends the story, so far as the Massachusetts records go. A year after, th? Bay people had to send back a 'Ginny interpreter'' and another black, tvtio tiae. snppeu imo uien minus iu much tb?> same way. Telegn,'-ho had bad \ho namo of "Cotton" glvvu him also. in eign, I ?u;jposo, of tho friendship q[ that preacher, wont, I think, to Brietoi in England. Certainly it was to boco English town larger than tho Amerletri Boston. Clearly he was no fool, and in Bristol he needed no one to take care of him. There were enough of his own race th?re, though I suppose none of hits own village. For a epocial reason he was eager to be at home. He had, however, to take can.* what ve6S<l he chose. Fortunately for him he did not choose wrong. "Whatever tho vessel was, as they passed tho latitude of the Straits of (iibraltar, they fell in with a pirate rover from Salle, one of the Moorish ports. 02 the ?ght which followed all my 6tory-tellers had much more to tell than of anything that happened to him in Pi&caiaqua or in Boston. In that light poor Telega had a bullet shut through his cheet, and of this shot I am toli he bore the mark when he died, seventy years after. His real dangers did not begin?and this he knew?until he was in tho Bight of Benin. Had riot his English captain been true as steel he would have sold him there to the first Portuguese trader he found. But Telega had not chosen a knave nor a pirate among the British ihipmasters. He had chosen a Godfearing man, who would have kept his promise though he had "promised to hil loss." I was told, in delightful detail, how he was kept below until the Snip was fairly at hrr anchorage off th? mouths of the rt /or. Then I was told how. on a dark night in July, he was called and how the English captain bade him good-by. He was put upon a boat, with a good store of hard bread and a bit of dried beef and, what he prized more, what we might call a carbine, a pouch with match and bullets and a flint and steel. The captain fell on his \ i<a6_ee on the geek and pruyed to his ' rod and bade Telega good-Dy. a. se? 3reeze was blowing so that the sailort :ould put 6ail on the boat, and wher norning came she was well up th< iver. I was told how long they hit themselves from Portuguese marauders ind then, at length which I could hav< >?ell spared, I was told where at la3t h< ;vas landed on the northern bank, no in hour too earlj', a6 it proved. In what followed in this long 6tory, ;he reason appeared for his pressing laste. On the morning of the fcurtl Jay after he parted from his Bristo 'riends, he came out on the hillside ffhere I first saw the village. It was i rear to a day since the wedding procession had been interrupted so wretched y. He knew tliat, and he knew whai lepended on the passage of a year. Bi ill the customs of his tribe, his sweetheart, his almost wife, was a widow foi hat year. But it was for that yeai >nly. When the year was ended she night be betrothed again. Telegu die lot believe thai; there would be anj jareful astronomy in this affair. H< mew very well that when twelve moons vere over every man in the village vould think he had a right to the prettiest girl and the moet lovely in the vilage. Here was his ieason for refusing o wait with the English captain till he ihould have gone to Fernando Po, anc itill he should have come up the rive] ? trade for Ivory. As I have said, he was not an hour to< larly. Mfee approached the village no oni net hltfl. "He was afeared, it was s< itill." This was Philip's phrase to me, n interpreting. He hurried all the aster. He passed a close grove o >epper trees to see in it the pretended imbush of a bridegroom and his men in ull dress waiting for the bride's pro session. Telega had been stealing along as t :at does, and this merry group did no' Pnf ^ cnomc tn hflVA flPPH Vlf< ICU U|1U? L?\S wvvtuu ?w uv.. w ?vv.. M.. idvantage. He passed them on the in itant, he went twenty paces further, h( lid himself under a heavy tuft of banant >lants, and he had not to wait long. Th< >ride came, wretched enough for all hei >ridal toggery. She had insisted 01 "rearing two or three sea-gull feathers vhich were tokens of deepest mourning She wept as if she were at her husband'! uneral. She flung away a bunch o! lowers which the new bridegroom^ rjother gave to her. None the less wa< his a bridal procession. Banjos anc omtomsand the whole village behinc md before made thi6 certain. A large stone to-day marks the come; vhtre Telega, gun in hand, sprang ou ike a tiger, and, in litem 1 fact, seizec lis bride. PJuto was not less expeotec n Enna. The girl screamed now t< tome purpose, and in a minute wai .obbing with her head upon hi6 shoul ler. The banjos and the tomtoms wen iilcnt. And bridegroom number two, vith his handsome cohort of "besl nan" ? hearing qothing after thej u 1-1 !?*?#*-W/-1 nnri CAriff IIIUULU nave 11CU1U ^liuoio UUU (7W?.I? ifter a mysterious minute or two camc >ut from their lair to learn what liac rindered the procession. At this point the story, which I hearc wo or three times at least?tonce as ve went up the river, twice as we cam< town?varies in its forms. Who car ronder, after nearly 250 years? Bui here can be no doubt lhat whei ["elega caught his bride with his lefl irm, and when she sobbed upon his ihoulder, his right hand held the natchlock, and he blew the mntch to b( lure that it was a live coal. And wher hat braggart, groom No. 2, came up lowling and .storming, Telega turnec iver his bride to one of h?r women, Iropped the gun to a lorel, and, in ery classical language of Mandara, old bridegroom No. 2 that, if he did not :eep a civil tongue in hi6 head, he could blow hie brains out. Nay, more, am afraid that Elder Cotton's seed ad sprouted so ill that lelega would ave done what he said, hs.d there been ecasion. But there was no occasion. The arae was played through. There were lders in the village who had as ruucfi o do with its affairs as In that othe lllage of mud walls and thatched roofi sailed Boston, where John Cotton an< fohn Wilson and Thomas Dudley anc fchn Wlnthrop did the thinking for thi Ast, and told them what was right an< vhat was wrong. Nay, the eviden jublio opinion of the procession was ii avor of the handsome young traveler vho had been in Europe, not to sa] America, and had brought home It atest fashions. There were bride naidens, as you saw, and they whiB >ered: " 'Twere better by far to havi natched our fair cousin to her oil sweetheart." And 60, after some flour 6hing of clubs and knives, much scold ng, swearing, threatening and othe lebating, three or four elders, roue] ike those I have described, I think stilled, all voices and bade the i.om-tom md the banjos begin again. I doubt if it were the march in "Mid summer Night's Dream," but it answer ?d every purpose of that midsumme loonday as well. Bridegroom No. ! ulked off. But all his men joined i] ;he prooession, and afterward, I fancy .artook of the banquet. And, thougl ilc teas not ot>cuDied for a dliv 0 ;wo, a sufficiently good cabin was fount .'or all purposes of Telega and Ms bride This happy conclusion to a story b sad was brought when the general cour n the bay voted to 6end tho "Ginnj slack irian" home. But I should neve aave heard it but for "King Charlaa ttkiliing." [the xaix] DEVOURED BY HIS BEARS. [Vhy a Unique Breeding Establishment Was Abandoned. Tbebearand deer farm recently starter lear Superior. Wis., is a thing of the past The wiping out of the place by firs was ac .'ompanied by a. tragedy, thedetailnof whicl were given out by Frank Shanto., n half breed Indian, whom James Alien, one of thi proprietors r-f the farm, employed to assis him about the place. Allen is dead, th deer and bej.rs are free and the pens are ii ashes. When Are started in the cabin, which ad joined the pen, the bears became wild witl fear and fury, and in making his escap from the burning house Allen was foiced t pass through the pen. No soonerhad he ap peared in the inclosure than he wasattacke oy the enraged beasts. The rifles were i the burning house, and could not be reached The instant one of the animals struck Alle down another made a rush for him. Shant jumped into the pen. but too late to sa\ iiion We killed two of the bears, and i making bis escape was badly burned aboi the head and arms. The farm was .starte by Allen and Dr. H. G. Harrison, of Ne York, who proposed to raise bear and dei for the market Hides May Now )??* I in polled. Tim President issued a proclamation. rc siting that all countries from which bide are imported into the United States are ;ioi free from contagious diseases among niea rattle, and therefori! suspending the proh bition of importations of cattle and hide from Norway, Sweden. Holland. Great Ilril ain, Irelnnd* the Channel Islands and th countries of North, Central and South Arnei ica, including Mexico. All importations c cattle are, however, to be made under rtgu lations prescribed by the Secretary of Agr culture and of hides under the regulatiocs o the Secretary of the Treasury. Cnrtailinc Railroad I*a*pes. Among the highest railway officials a dif position is shown to further curtail the i! suance of passes for 189C. It is stated ths in the present year the efforts in that direc tion have effected a decrease in free tram ^ortntion issued of twenty-five per cent, a least. d ; I FASHION'S FIAT. i J CHINCHILLA DECREED THE FUR 1 UF THE SEASON. 3 i 3 Description of a Fashionable Cape t of Black Astrakhan?Waists of Brown Crepon and Velvet ^ ?New Use for Old Capes. i :? 1 n T ASH JON declared early in the |=/ fall that chinchilla should be I the fnr. of the season, and 1 since then the leading furriers t have f>een pntting - their experienced j heads together in designing new and becoming chinchilla wraps. Great ha3 r been their succes?. The victorine of r| chinchilla, with its quaint collarette | and long stole ends, is one of the most J effective fur garments imaginable. It J is exquisite when worn with a dark i{ velvet costume. Chinchilla capes, >! which hang in soft, bewildering rip ! plee, are the most correct wraps for J - -ff I FASHIONABLE CAPE ( p t theatre wear, not only because of the I popularity of the far, but because it [ is light enough in weight not to crush ) the voluminous sleeves beneath. Chinchilla as a trimming is much in vogue " this year in the form of wraps. 5 Among the other furs in favor with [. fashionable women are Bassian sable, j stone marten, sealskin, wolverine and . Persian lamb. i Black astrakhan is the material repl resented in the handsome and comfortable cape piotured in tha doable-column 1 illustration, the lining being of rich ' brocaded satin, which is rendered soft l and fluffy by an interlining of wadding, t The storm collar is made donble and i stiffly interlined, to be worn raised or h \ OO TOOftfllO* IT* u tv/ucu V/ TV*f WW vuv nuuvuv* 1 The cape is of fashionable length, ex' tending to the hips, and is of ample 5 although not exaggerated width. From 1 its circular shaping it fits smoothly at | the neok and falls aronnd the body in rippling folds. The cape can be [ cnt with or without a seam in centre. , back, as best suits the fabric nsed. The ; mode is especially' well adapted to i heavy, warm materials, such as seal or fanoy plash, velvet, astrakhan, Persian lamb, or other fars, reversible cheviot, or other cloakings that can be seasonably trimmed with fur or plainly oompleted. i The quantity of 54-inch wide mait terial reqnired to make this cape for a 1 lady having a 32-inch bust measure, ' ie 1} yards; for a 36-inch size 1} j yards; for a 40-inch size, 1} yards; I for a 42-inch size, 2 yards. i \ A HANDSOME WAIST. i The materials nsed in the waist i represented in the second douP ble-colnmn Illustration are shaded ? brown crepon, combined with velvet ] of the darkest shade, handsomely dece orated with twine-coAored guipure j over yellow satin and jet sequins. The fashionable bertha, with slashed front, is the distinctive feature of this styl ish basque, the rather fanciful ar J rangement or wnicn is maae over ^ glove-fitted linings that close in centre front. The full fronts droop slight. ly in centre, in French blouse, and - join the full back and smooth underr arm gores. The upper portion of 2 front is covered to round yoke depth Q " WAIST OF BROWN C ' f # n with yellow satin that shows throagh " the guipure lace, the smooth fitted ^ high collar being covered to match n ;iud closed unuer a oow ot satin riohoa in back. The bertha and slashed front of velvet is lined with yellow satrn, a stiff interlining of crinoline j. the edging of jet sequins. Twisted * velvet finishes the lower edge of " basque with bow on side. Fall gigot j. bleeves stand out fashionable above the Is elbow, from gathered fnllness at the > top, the close-fitting wrists being ? plainly completed. Waists of eilk .j can be thus made to wear with separi ate skirts, of black crepon, silk, satin or velvet. The quantity of 44-inch ivide material required to make this basque for a lady having a 32-inch bust measure is 3J yards; for a 26-inch size, 3j yards; for a 40-inch size, 4 yards. it STILES IH HAlRDRESSrNG. it In the present mode of hairdresBing little or no false hair is worn. The undulating style is the thing, and to produce this the hair is waved all through its thickness, gathered up TO] loosely at the back and made to form a soft knot, somewhat in the shape of the figure 8. It is drawn out a little at each side so as to cover the top of the ear and IV! to produce a wide outline. The are "fringe" has been almost entirely dis- froi carded, and only a tew soft, loose sho rings of hair are allowed to stray over par the forehoad. oatf Some hairdressers use small cushions crei at the back of the head over each ear, Yoi and this gives the wide outline which seems so desirable. Some very smart women wear their hair parted in the ^ middle, with very fluffy curls at the gug side, and waved in the back. The coil roa drawn to the top of the head ig but- a rounded by a braid. ^ ele< i?iii i itiii -n/vn /i a nwa lqci jnjcjtt uijju* iua kjuu latao* c . t for So many women are just new groan- en^ \ lie )F BLACK ASTRAKHAN. j P?' - ? ma ing over the possibilities (or impossi- an< bilities) of their fur capes, which have *?oi been left over since la9t season, or ^e< longer, that a timely suggestion, says ?u the tfew York Herald, might be offered for using them. Often these garments ?}a are of good fur, and presentable as to 812 outside, but the shape is hopelessly an.' out of date and the lining worn. There cla is so little fur in one that it will only make a small collar if remodelled and ^Ie is scarcely a foundation for one of the mc new loner wraps, the cost of transform- un ing being almost the same as the price wo of a new cape. For the many wom?n ca< who would be glad to utilize this left ?k' over material this design will be just er{ the desired thing. Bai The lining should be ripped out and 6?f saved for a pattern. Then the fur ne 1 th< at^ A TIMELY SUGGESTION. ab ? ? ai< sbonla be cnt up in long points, ono in the back, one in the tront, one over ch each shoulder and others between, fill making eight in all. The lower por- he tion of the cape is made in velvet, and wa may be cat by any good circular pat- fo< tern and the far laid on and bastec! lee into place. The points should be out- or lined with a fancy jet passementerie, of covering the raw edge of the fur. in< ha 8^ i OU! :repon and velvet. gr? After this trimming is all sewed on firmly the lining is to be put in. This . may be easily contrived by using the old lining, with the pattern by which ?? the velvet is cat, combining the shape *u of the two. . ~lf! the SATIN BTAVEH. j3?1 the The new material for handsome ft(r( cloaks anil teiiguwns if. the satin ^ beaver, which combines the lustrous *..j on*in trifU +Ka /lanf.h nf .1 UiiCbt v;i (?U?AU UiliU VUV V4VJ/VU W* ww*w? 1H1 in plush or velvet, and, wonderful to ^ ( say, it does not crush in wear and is fjZ moderate in price. So many ndvan- OQ( tages are certain to insure its prompt ^yj. adoption and consequent success. Qf, 1 bee There are 181,000 foreigners living ] in Paris, including 45,000 Belgians, net 20,000 Swiss, 21,000 Italians, 13,000 req English. 9000 Russians. pre 1 >? the King Humbert, of Italy, has a pii- at 1 vato fortune of $30,000,000. . - haj ' / I AGRICULTURAL ? fo PICS OF INTEREST RELATIVE ke TO FAR31 AND GARDEN. th " sh ; th OOLIO n? HOUSES. I Cft fany severe cases of colio in horses M caused by a sadden change of feed tb 11 old to new oats. Tbe change pr aid be made gradually. Mix one t of new with three parts of old th 3 to begin with, then gradually in- ha ise the proportion of new.?New in k World. lii ' ^ at A CHEAP BUT DUBABLB BOAD. ivoid all steep grades, and where lfc icient gravel is not near to mafce a ^ d that will not get muddy, put in . avement of poles like the old cor- . oy roads and spike on this by bev- g 1 edges two steel rails abont twelve . bes wide by one-fourth inch thick the wheels to rnn on. At the pres- . low prices of steel rails and spikes, metal for snoh a road woald cost 8 i little over 84 per rod or less.? erican Agriculturist. 8 WPENTNG OP CEEAM. Inch bntter is lost where cream is hered in the ordinary way by churn- pe it when it is not fully ripened. Of a irse the churning mixes all the ^ Bees of cream so that they cannot distinguished, but the cream that ^ i been skimmed just before the ^ irning will not give its butter as 0] 1 that which is older. The last mess the last two messes before churn- p( ; should be saved for the next time. w en by stirring the cream slightly <j< h time a new mess is added, all the qT am Tint in fVin rtVitlTn will Ko aranlv s* r v * V-V U ened, and the oream will give all i butter it contains, instead of let- ai gpart go into the buttermilk. ? ^ Bton Cultivator. y ol THE NEWER STRAWBERRIES. "J1 [t is now about thirty-five years cl ce what are called the improved va- vi ties of the strawberry began to ap- si ir in moderate quantities in the rkets of onr larger Eastern cities, 1 for the next tfen years they were b at all plentiful. In the past three jades not a season has passed withb a dozen or more new varieties be- ? 5 announced, their originators dering that they were far superior in ri e, quality and productiveness to ti 7 previously knovrn. Had half imed for these berries been true we t< uld have possessed long ago varie* g s larger than pineapples and far >re productive than 'potatoes, but, 8] fortunately for purchasers of these e( nders, they appear to have been ^ it in the old form and with little ange in flavor. So our experiment* ) find themselves going over the ne old fruits under new names, ^ iking the unattainable in straivber- r< e?that is, a variety possessing all i merits belonging to the genus and 4 the same time combined in one sort n fl this equally well adapted to all * ids of soils and climates. The best awberry is the on6 that succeeds t] st and yields the most money to the tl m who [cultivates it for market.? n w York Sun. r HOG CHOLEBAJ jj This dread disease is more common t< is season than for several years past, h some sections of the country it lounts almost to an epidemic. The fc ports are particularly bad from the b o largest hog producing States, II- Bi ois and Iowa. The disease prevails t< sevei?y-iwo counties 01 me iaiier ite and fifty-four of the former, my farmers have sold their droves J pigs in order to get something out Q them before the cholera reaches ^ em, so that there is likely to be a j ircity of hogs a few months hence Q compared with the demands of feedThis should cause a rise in the irket price were it not for the great " undance of corn, which is likely to a 1 in keeping values down. | 0 It has been generally held that hog a: olera is superinduced by close, r thy, unventilated quarters, by a 11 avy diet of one kind of food, by a e' ,nt of sufficient succulent or laxative id to prevent constipation, by ti iding swill that has reached tl nearly reached the state g putridity, by overcrowd- tl j, want of exereiee, etc. It vi s been believed that by proper pre- f' ations in regard to the matters and b avoiding all contact with diseased cl gs nearly all danger of disease ght be removed. Undoubtedly t< ese measures are most desirable, t< t it is a fact that in many neighbor- ii ods the disease appeared among the vt oves of those farmers who give their q i a J t_ _ i gs iainy goou care ana wao uuve w served these conditions. In many d: stances it broke ont among those tl to had no opportunity to come in ii utact with infected stock, and again would sometimes seem to skip a ^ glected drove in faror of well-cared- f, stock. jj The efficacy of the Government rem- n v is doubted by many, though they 1(5, mit that it does no harm. A good m re has yet to be found. Meantime ^ lit the water supply, giving it only stated intervals; divide your herd aJ into several smaller ones; watch efully and at the first symptons of kness isolate and disinfect. Hogs it have been pastured are less liable the disease than those that have ! n( ?n grained. This fact causes many ei jple to attribute the violence of the hi tbreak this season to the diminished I C iss croo. ra |d HEIFF.nS AND CALVES. SI It is generally best to breed heifers K that they will drop their first calf al the spriDg, as the fresh, rank gras3 fii 3 a tendency to increase the size of . 6C sir udders and thus make them good tl Ikers from the start. mis means as it the heifer will be two years of a: >. Such early breeding may per- cr ds prevent the heifer getting her tr 1 growth, but it will develop the ta Ik-giving habit. The milk glands, ( w (xercised at such time, will attain a j w t: and vigor they are not capable of ai ;e the animal has done growing, fo lile if they go over until three yean: tb age they are apt to lay on fat and w; tome beefy. df Jut to breed heifers thus early it is , se essary to feed them properly. They cl uire those kinds of foods which will lo iduce rapid growth, but not fat, as th latter will develop the beef habit fo :he expense of the milk. Clover, aj wheat, bran, oats, a very little ; * I meal, etc., are the proper foodsaHHHj eh * time. Corn is not a suitable? od, as it is too fattening. If the^HB ifer is unthrifty and alow of growth HKfl e breeding should be delayed until e is sufficiently advanced to endure flH e drain on hersystem. This is a vH se for the exercise of discretion. ach depends npon the condition of e animal and the treatment sue has I H eviously received. nfl The greatest caie should be used iaJM e first milking of the heifer, as the tbitsshe'aoquires during the breaking process will cling to bet through re. Any roughness or ill treatment,|9S each time -will permanently affect,' ttfl tr value. To keep her long in 'miU^^HH is desirable the first year to milk tho .^9 rang cows almost up to the time Iving, as the first jea'r settles many *' fl her qualities aod confirms the mil^,^^' .^H ring habit. Ml As a rule, the first calf should nereir ) raised. The reason for its exist- _ toe ceased when it got the heifer/$Hi arted to give milk. It is apt to be lall and puny, being the product of i immature parent; nor is it likely inherit qualities whioh may or may. '.'^H >t be dormant in the heifer, who ikV;JS9 ill an unknown quantity. Ho tuat. r every reason the first calf should' " IB j turned into veal. By the time the! cond one arrives the heifer has had flB chance to show the stufi of whiohi'r ie is made, so that it oan be readtfap^-^H itermined whether it will pay to rear.'^^H )r offspring. Many dairymen savp fl ie heifer calves from their two-yeards. The temptation to do so is cer- fl| inly strong when the heifer is a aB jdigreed animal. But Buch action MM ill be sure to end in the running BB >wn of the herd and the loss of those' afl lalities which rendered it valuable. altivation is required to fix and rengthen inherited characteristics, BK id if no time is allowed for this, H lese characteristics will be inevifca- H ly weakened and finally lost An:her point also is lack of stamina. H he breeding of an immature animal;/ leoks its growth and diminishes its . M itality and naturally the offspring H iffers. ?New York World. ra FARM AND GARDEN WTE8. The roosts should be low, especially >r large, heavy fowls, and should all H e of the same height . ' ?H In caring for an orchard against the - : ivagcB of insects and fungi, profec on is the great rale. Kfl Bark-bursting is generally confined j trees with long, bare trunks. 'jfl ood remedy is to culivate low heads) VH If stock is to be kept in the orchard. aeep are best. They will ennoh the -f )il and keep down sprouts and I ashes. If yon find a great number of water v prouts you may conclude the tree has et feet, and an underdrain is the I Bmedy. fl Don't allow your firewood to mas- jfl uerade as fruit trees. If a tree is of g 0 value, the sooner it is out of the I ay the better. 9 When the hens stop laying perhaps ? iey can be started again by changing I tie feed. Give less grain and more V->13 leat and skimmilk. a Selling brood sows before they I each full maturity, and substituting K 1 their places young animals, has a , . 9 sndency to reduce the vitality of the Tb Turkeys mnst have a good range to I e proa vault?, iucj mo uu^ y nature, and # mast have a good & tretoh of territory to forage in order 5 do well. Fangous growths are propagated by 'A pores which are carried chiefly by ^ lie wind. These spores are oarried ' ver during the winter in rotten fruit, ?roken twigs, eto.; hence the* necesity for removing all rubbish from the rchard in the fall. , Never have a fear that there is a anger of thq poultry business being . verdone, as this large oountry of J* ars consumes more and more of egg* ad poaltrv every year. Our supplies ill far short, and eggs are imported lto oar cities by the millions of dozens ' C eery season. \ fll Bulletin No. 98; ol the Cornell Sfca- j ion, treats of cherries. It discusses I ie best varieties for canneries, the- I eneral market and home use; the I ? - * _i?A:? ? uc_ le proper moaes 01 pittuwug, ruinating, protecting against insect and ingns enemies, marketing, etc. Thfr ulletin is one of great value to all berry growers. We mnst plant the best if we expeofc ) gather the best. It does not pay > waste ground, and time and labor, i cultivating inferior grains and sgetables, when a little more expend' i for perfect seed of the bestvarietiee ill increase the yield one or two hunred fold; or as in this case more than iree hundred fold, taking quality ito account. Be sure to have the breeding stock 1 fine condition, not burdened with it, but improving in flesh. A sow lat is running down in flesh should ot be bred; better wait till she can e started in the other direction. The ale should be kept in the best possi- ? la /?r?ndit,inn. and his food such as will upart muscular vigor, and not snch j will tend to lay on fat. Habit3 ot Oar Ants. The habits of our ants have been rented on by Mr. G. B. King, in the itomological journal, Psyche. He as found forty one species in Essex ounty, Mass.; and while Wasmann entions thirty-four species of mites n-elliug as fellow boarders or parates on ants in Europe and elsewhere, iag has found half that number ready in Massachusetts. He also ads that in winter uuts do not deend below the reach of the frost, but lat they hibernate near the surface ; well as lower down. They freeze id then thaw oat. He has found the immon, large black ant in hollow ees in the woods imbedded in ice, ,ken them home, thawed them out, ben they became lively and appeared ell and healthy, going to work in his titicial nest. The mites are usually und attached to the legs of the ants, j teir hosts. In summer they sleep in jP J T_ - e il A ' arm uujrt*. J.U uue ui iu? warmer ivs last summer no ants were obrved; the doors of the nest were osed, but on removing a little of the ose covering of the nest, not mora ;an two inches deep, the ants were und in great abundance, and to all '* >pearances they were asleep. ?New jrk Independent. .?c * '"-SkC ' A