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The Abbeville Press and Banner.! BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1895. ESTABLISHED 18441 ! CHICKAMADGA. One of the Bloodiest Battles ol the Civil War. SEPTEMBER 19 AND 20,1863, The Armies of Bragg and Rosecran? Meet at Last. The Story Told a Quarter of a Centurj Later?After Three Months of Retreating Bragg Makes a Stand and Fights. Re-enforced from Lee, at Richmond, and Johnston, In Mississippi, lie Wins a Victory?A Fatal Gap In the Union Line?Gen. Thomas, the Rock of Chickamauga?Garfield's Ride. Tha haftl? nf f!hinlt?maus?a took Dlac* Sept. 19 and 20, 1863, with a preliminary fight Sept IS. The heaviest fighting was on the 20th, and on Sunday. The engagement of Wilder's mounted infantry at Leet's tanyard, Sept. 13, was tht premonitory signal of the battle. It occurred near Lee & Gordon's mill, while Crittenden,'in obedience to Rosecrans' order, wat concentrating his corps. # n f\ J H ,.ny. ,UV)I J 1^. /)kn' MAP OF CHICK AM A U GA. The famous battle takes its name from a creek or imall river thatfflows north through l? Kfltwofln Miccinn RMtrnnilfl Piffion uc vou-VIM. o o mountains, and empties into the Tennessee four miles above Chattanooga. With Bragg, Sept. 18, were four corps: Those of Buckner, Polk, Walker and D. H. HilL D. H. Hill had been sent from Richmond to take command of Hardee's corps. Bjr the arrival of Longstreet from Lee's army Bragg had Ave corps. In the fight of Sept. 20, Confederate authorities put the Union force at nearly 46,000, and the Confederate at 49,000. Federal figures say Bragg had 70,000, Rosecrans 55,00C effectives. With Bragg were many Confederate soldiers who had been captured al Vicksburg and Port Hudson and been paroled, but who had not yet been exchanged. Sept 13 McCook's corps was still at Alpine, in the western edge of Georgia. At midnight of that day he received an order to hurry with all speed and support Thomas at Stev?? Gap* on the east side of Mission Ridge. When McCook first reached Alpine, finding himself isolated from the rest of the Union army, he had sent his wagon train back to the top of Lookout range. McCook made all haste to obey. The order he received came directly from Thomas. Its instructions were to move two divisions ol his corps to Stevens Gap, and leave the third to guard the wagon train. McCook took the wrong road, crossed Lookout range, wai obliged to recross it,and after a march of great hardship and fatigue reached McLemore's ^ ' Cove on the night of Sept 17. With him were Stanley and the cavalry. Crittenden lad been ordered also to move forward his corps and connect with Thomas on Chickamauga creek. Sept. 14 he moved his corps, except Wood's division, to Missior Ridge. Thomas' extreme left, under Reynolds, waf on the west fork of Chickamauga creek Wood's division of Crittenden's corps was left alone at rfujw \ Lee & Gordon's 1 mills on the west bank of Chicka- ifjSvfllT rnauga.' Sept 18 \ 6T the three corps of nfcmw Rosecrans' army were one? more in y 6upporting d1 S~?3^ : $& tance of one an-tpPfo^^jsfe^. other. Bragg was j. receiving heavy re- v^S^a?S enforcements from Q)*? Lee's army at Rich- gen. t. j. wood. mond. This Rosecrans became aware o,' Sept. 16, and his anxiety was .greatly in creased. Onoe more-Bragg prepared to attack th( Union army. His preparations occupiec from Sept. 13 to 17. He ordered his generali to concentrate along the east banks of thi Chickamauga. The Union army was bj Sept. 18 concentrated on the west side. The vital point to both armies was now th road from Lafayette to Chattanooga. Thi road passes through a gap in Mission Ridg< at Rossviile. Whichever, therefore, couI< secure this gap at Rossviile was suro of Chat tanooga. At this time there was at Chatta nooga only one brigade of Union troops Wagner'8, and at Lee & Gordon's mills where the road to. Chattanooga touche Chickamauga creek, there was for severe days only one division of Union troops Wood's. An attack from Bragg any tim from Sept IS to 18, on the Lafayette am Chattanooga road, would have secured it t the Confederates. But Bragg was waitin, for re-enforcements. When, at length, h was ready to attack, Rosecrans had his thre corps within supporting distance. M the Union army lay, Sept. 18, it face Chickamauga creek to the eastward. J stream called Crawfish spring flows into th west side of the Chickamauga, a short di' taace southwest of Lee & Gordon's mill Around and north of Crawfish spring th Union army was grouped in regular order Sept. 18, McCook on the right, Thomas in th center, and Crittenden on the left. Thi3 pc 1 QfVi mnof Vm rpmpmWprl irt r\r uuua i/u iuo 4wvu v>? M v, der to get the situation of the 19tb, the firs battle day, clearly in the mind. Wilder mounted infantry and Minty's cavalry vret guarding the Union left to the northward. All day at intervals, during the 18th, wor came to Rosecrans that the Confederate were massing more ana more Bu-uugijr Upu bis left. He must save Chattanooga at all risl Part of the Union army must speed nortl ward with all haste to guard the road leac ?ng from Chickamauga creek to Rossville. I ' I I The center corps of the Union army Gen, I changed position for the time. Gen. Thomas j vision: j late in the afternoon and during tlio night I mer ii of Sept. IS marched his corps, except Neg- j They t I ley's division, to tho north to protect the ! divisic I road to Rossville. Xeglov's division was left Cheat! f ' behind to guard the fordr.f I'icCiiickamauga, ' fell ba I near Crawfish spring. But Gen. Thomas and his s ' : ? marched all ' peami [night long. The nod ' -./hi Chickamauga There I creek to Uossville cut t!;.* n .rtiiward road, Cheat! j over which Gen. Thorn::* i::-tr:-!i<'d. Kelly's Buckn ' ! farm, hence to become hisinrn*. As Th At Kelly's farm Ceu. Thomas' %vearj*di- urans, j I visions halted. Thomas posted Bainl's di- that h -X vision at Kelly's Van house. On Baird's Palme left, and north of colum k. . \_Jb him. Brannan's di- Behi vision was posted. I Stewa ! r| > JW The two divisions Bushr _/ wore placed so as tack c I *~Wmri'i a L to oovei" t^ie roac^s Palme 'ea^nB from Alex- It w ' ander's and Reed's The r< ' bridges and Lam- more . ' both ford, across anxioi the Chickamauga. the ve * The design was westw , brio. gen-, absolom thus t0 futercept driver baikd. Brap-g's attempt to Sheric ( I cross the Chickamauga and advance towards after | Chattanooga Tho roads at which Baird and Cleve'i | Brannan were posted both led into that Ross- next ville road which was the key to the situation. Wood ' | Gen. Gordon Granger's command was briefly ! posted as a reserve at Rossville. On the he too [ j evening of Sept. 18 Col. Dan McCook, of But 1 Granger's command, made a reconnoissance just in i Annfynnf/J * /% V?/-i PKi'nlromoiirro onrl hnmia/l HftV ] coot t? ai u IV iuo v>uiv/ni*uiuu^uj mm >/ui *iv<u v.?j. I Reed's bridge across that stream. He re- It wen | ported to Gen. Thomas that one Confederate center j brigade was already across Chickamauga on leys o? the west side. As McCook had burned the They bridge nearest them, it would be possible by till nip an immediate attack to capture the whole D.. 1 brigade. Accordingly, with tho early dawn left, oi of Sept. 19, Gen. Brannan moved forward 19th ai with two brigades and attacked the Confed- don's t erate force that McCook had reported. was cr an atti BATTLE OF SEPT. 19. This attack of Gen. Thomas at early morn- of ing, Sept. 19, was the opening of the battle D. JH of Chickamauga. But it was not the opening would Bragg had anticipated. _ tics f< Sept. 18 Bragg gave his orders to his get!- federa erals for next day. His troops were to cross the th the Chickamauga at three different points, forces from Reed's bridge on the north, next by & Go Alexander's bridge south, and third by Ted- But t ford's ford, still further south. These cross- part ings were nil north P'anof Lee & Gordon's Bra mill, about which, fflif V was f on the west bank J ford, o f Chickamauga, wHl > Alexai , the greater portion fSyL ' * and ] i of the Union /3H;|| don's i army was grouped. nQ|J|^RB o'clock i D. H. Hill had the D. H. extreme left of the Clebui Confederate line as to the it faced westward, Thomi and Hood the ex- over a treme right. Hood's "**" v^?"' was si i division was the GEN- J- B- HOOD. which only part of Longstreet's corps present at tacked the fight of Sept. 19. The rest had not yet he cap [ arrived. The Federal line extended from At 1 I Crawfish Spriug on the south to Kelly's fresh c ) farm on the north, a distance of five miles, was in Bragg's order contemplated first the cross- give tl ; ing to the west bank of the Chicka- the mc mauga in the order earned, then a gen- Baird' eral movement from the Confederate right left, Ji toward J^ee & Gordon's mill, on the left, to Jol j and a vigorous attack on the Federal Palme > line as the move was executed from right to Reyno ; left. in the i It will be seen that the attack of Gen. Brig. < ,. Thomas on the Confederate right before July i Bragg's army was ready, on the morning of Army i Sept. 19, changed this plan of battle. commi It was Forrest's cavalry that Gen. Thomas' in ( troops met and attacked on the road to Reed's divisic i bridge early Sept 19. The attacking Union to the ' force was Brig. Gen. John T. Croxton's Gen. C [ brigade. burne' i Behind Forrest's cavalry were two brigades iate in i of Confederate infantry. Croxton drove the ieft 0I ; cavalry back upon the infantry. These brig- divisic i ades, Ector's and Wilson's, in turn advanced this at i and drove Croxton back up^n Baird and atg of Brannan. Then the Conf derates were killed. > beaten-back like a receding wave again by a.to ) Baird and Brannan. of Bra [ Tnere were, hdwever, many more Confed- V1]je j i erates than one brigade across on the west (jen> \ bank of the Chickamuugu in the vicinity of force e 3 the Reed s bridge -road. (Jen. Baird, after ^fter. driving back Ector and Wilson, paused broker briefly to rearrange his line.' At this mo- feu bi ment Liddell's whole Confederate division, brigad ' 2,000 strong, struck bira. 1 ' - iijj0 The Union troops receded again, "as a wave beaten back from the shore." When qUickJ the Union wave receded, it left stranded on rear c the place where it had been Loomis' battery and Bush's Indiana battery. These were quickly taken possession of by the victorious 1 columns of Liddell. y ( Baird's broken lines were melting away in ft ' confusion. Liddell's Confederates hastened . f jubilantly after them, when suddenly the ? pursuers found themselves confronted by a mm long, grim wall of blue and steel. Baird had managed to reform his division J3 f on the right. In addition, one of McCook's divisions from Crawfish Spring had arrived in the nick of time. j Only for tb-'s arrival it would have been I hard for Thomas to save his left on the fore- J 8 noon of Sept. 19. Gen. Rosecrans himself, a apprehensive for Thomas, had ordered Mc^ Cook to send "ohnson to his assistance. The was ^ distance was tlve miles, and Johnson arrived a only just in time. brokei ^ ^ ? ? d ^ ^ Confe* i Yet again in this day of varj ing fortunes and fc e I the tables vera turned aud pursuer became | At t b ! the pursued. Gen. Liddell's Confederates in pos L ! turned and retreated before the attack of They e Johnson's freely arrived division. The re- Johnsi , treating coL.mns lost heavily in killed, victor e wounded and captured, and were forced to Hazen k leave behind all the Union guns they had cat>- into ] - tured. there. it I Just after Liddell was driven from tho crates 's field about 11 ?'clock1 a. m. Gen. Bragg or- which e dered Cheatham's djvision, 7,000 strong, to i Cap go to his relief. But Cheatham was too late, this m d As Liddell fled Gen. Thomas quickly orgau- had n< a ized a pursuing column. Two more fresh di- cut th n visions had just arrived to assist Thom.is. with r I Crittenden, at Crawfish Spring, had taken 300 mi c. the responsibility of sending Palmer's divi But i- sion to Thomas. Reynolds' division of ment I- Thomas' own corps reached the ground about ley'? d the same time with Palmer. Confe , Thomas organized the three fresh dis at once, Reynolds on the right, Pal n tho center and Johnson on the left, it tucked Cheatham's llunk. Brannan's >n, still in fighting trim, camo against bam on the front. Tho Confederates ck in confusion. now great clouds of Confederates apI on the west bank of the Chickamauga. seemed no end to them. Behind ham was A. P. Stewart's division from ler's corps. It contained 3,500 men. omas pursued Cheatham's flying colStAworh Pfllmnrsn vifrnrouslv o was forced back. Cleve's division came to the support of r, who formed Thomas' center in the n organized to pursue Cheatham, ind the Confederate division of A. P. rt were two more, those of Hood and od Johnson. They followed up the atf Stewart strongly, driving back both r and Van Cleve. as now near 3 o'clock in the afternoon, jar of battle was growing more and terrific. The Union troops, listening lsly down at Crawfish Spring, knew by erine of the sound gradually to the ard that Thomas' men were being u The divisions of Wood, Davis, Ian, and finally Negley, were sent one another to the scene of action. Van j s Union division was hurled back; Reynolds'; next Davis' was driven, came with his division in time to stay the victorious Confederate tide, when was about to succumb. Gen. Phil Sheridan's division came on i time to save Wood's division and the Half past 4 brought Negley's division, it into the fight on the hard pressed and hurled into the Confederates volshot that they could not withstand, retreated, and Negley pursued them jht. i. Hill, on the extreme Confederate "dered an attack during the day of the t Glass' mill, not far from Lee & Gornill. One of Breckinridge's brigades ossed over the Chickamauga and made ick on Negley's division that had been Crawfish Spring. But Negley's divias hurrying to the Federal left to the the hard pressed forces there. [. Hill believes that at this moment it have been an admirable piece of tac* 5r the Conbat was no : he ordered Hill to send gen. prestos smith. ne's division extreme Confederate right to oppose is. Cleburne had six miles to traverse, road choked with army baggage. It inset when he gained the place to he had been assigned. Here he at! Brannan's division so vigorously that tured 3 guns, 2 flags and 300 prisoners, the time of Cleburne's attack with the livision from Hill's corps Gen. Thomas the act of reforming his divisions to lem a better position for the battle of jrrow, which he saw to be inevitable, s division was placed on the extreme ohnson next to Baird and Palmer next inson on the .right. To the right of r was the division of Gen. Joseph J. Ids. (Tbere were two Gen. Reynolds i army of the north during the war. Sen. John P. was killed at Gettysburg 1,1863. Brig. Gen. Joseph J., of the of the Cumberland, was a division ander at tbe battle of Chickamauga.) Jen. Thomas' new arrangement of his in Brannan was assigned as a reserve rear and right of Reynolds' division. Cheatham was on the Confederate Cles left in the fresh attack on Thomas the afternoon, ine ngnung on me | : the attacking column, Cheatham's in, was desperate for a time during tack. A bravo and popular ConfederBcer, Brig. Gen. Preston Smith, was no time during the afternoon a portion igg's army actually crossed the Ross oad and obtained possession of it fan Cleve held the center of the Union sngaged in the fight of the morning At 5 o'clock Van Cleve's ranks were \ by the terrible Confederate fire, and ick pell melL Gen. W. B. Hazen's le lay along the Rossville road. w Van Cleve is in for it," exclaimed . He sprang upon his horse and y formed his regiments in the >f Van Cleve to support his stagger*inc lines. But the weight of a flying W division was too ' rauc^ 'or onerbrigade to hold itself f ~ iPVl steady under. Haa?A zen'8 brigade was i jMjjjL _ -' jstejf also borne down, falf /T On came the triumpliant masses of Confederates, till ?'^g^jaStho earth and air 'iy r" ~ seemed dusky with ^ them. One regi^ ment alone of Ha* zen's brigade stood oen. haze*. jts ground That leForty-first Ohio., Col. Aquila Wiley, saw the flying men from Van Cleve's 1 ranks pouring in a wave upon him, riley quickly parted his regiment by .uies. The fugitives passed through p and Wiley quietly close<l up ms line he Confederates advanced on the run 3uit, they were met by a volley from Forty-first Ohio that staggered and stopped them for a brief Hastily reloading. Wiley was to deal them another blow. He this by quickly changing front ring after the Confederates as they his right. Then loading once more as I y, the skillful commander turned his gain to the front at a double quick, and j a volley anew to the fresh masses of j ieraterf. By this means he checked the lerates till he could move to the rear j irm a new line. his time the Confederates were actually I session of the road to Chattanooga. | were the forces or noou ana uusnroa on. Buu while they were hastening on : ions across the road to Chattanooga, i dashed down the road and brought position some unoccupied batteries With these he enfiladed the Confeuas they bore onward over the ground : Van Cleve's division had yielded, t. Kiinberloy writes of the situation at i loment, the close of Sept. 19: "Bragg :tually crossed the Rossville road and j e Army of the Cumberland in two, | lothing in the gap but one regiment of ?n." Hazen'3 batteries and that one regikept the Confederates back until Neglivision cams to the rescue, when the derates were in turn driven. Then night and the close of the day's battle together. Heroic and thrilling incidents there at Cliickamauga in plenty. Capt J. Miller, now literary editor of The Cincii Commercial Gazette, has recently writt reminiscence of Sheridan in that day's I "1 saw Sheridan lead one of his brij (i^ai hold's) under flre across a cleared and place it exactly where he wanted it c&rae galloping back on his famous 1 horse (I never saw him on any other) wit off, sword flashing, and face glowing the magnificent passion ef the battle He passed me, then turned in his stir ana said: 'We're driving them, d?m t In two or three minutes he came in again wild auouier unguue. AFTER DARK. Both sides spent the night of Sept 19 paring for next day's battle. Rosec anxious and weary, assembled his corps mandera at his headquarters at TV Glenn's house. All of his armv except brigades had been in action that day. other day's fighting was before them promised to be still hotter than the one ^ passed. "The I f the next day / ^ be for the safe (jQQjjIg ' C0EQ] GUN. H. P. VAN CLEVI. ^^inK the right of TBomas, his own right cov headquarters at "W idow Glenn's house, tenden was ordered to have two divisic reserve just back of the junction of Mc and Thomas, so as to support either ir of need. Immediately after dark the order given for the Union troops to go into tion. The divisions were formed in liw as they came, without reference to the i to which they belonged. Longstreet reached Bragg from the at 11 p. m. Hood's division of his corp arrived before and had taken port ir battle that day. That night Bragg, in tary parlance, "changed his organiz in face of the enemy," as comma: are warned not to do. Bragg divide army into two wings, the right under the left under Longstreet To Polk assigned the forces of Hill, Walker Cheatham, with Forrest's cavalry. Longstreet were to be the command Buckner, Hood and Hindman, and Whe cavalry. T D^ll. ??- -UL t)M. XJVll&aLl CCl? CLUU XU1& "CI U YVll/U Ui the night of the 19th. He gave to the) wing commander's orders to attack Union lines at daylight But D. H. says that no proper preparation was mac such an attack. The troops were aligned, and he yys. himself did not hear that he had f/ be assigned to f Polk till after mid- |4A^gp4 night Gen. Pollc 1| sent him the word, A ?Jf and told him to y UUIUU LU /VJC-UUi" OH ? Hill moved h i s troops for war At 7:35 a. m. they pjfiWti were eating their /i J TjH breakfast. At this^ ' ' l^jjj time an order came * from Gen. Polk di- bishop polk. recting Hill to begin the attack. A me ger had been sent to Hill in the night wi order to attack at daylight, but it fail reach him. ^ Hill was forming his line when, o'clock, Gen. Bragg rode up to him an manded why he had not made the atta dawn as commanded. Hill replied tht had not heard anything about it. B 6aid angrily: "I found Polk after su sitting down reading a newspaper at j ander's bridge, two miles from the li battle, when he ought to have been fight This is denied by Polk's son. BATTLE OF SEPT. 20. As the light dawned Sept. 20, the at phere was murky and full of vapor, London in a fog. At daybreak Gen. J crans in person rode all along bis line his chief of staff, Gen. James A Gar and other aides. Gen. Rosecrans made some changes i line, bidding McCook make the right sh and more compact. He found the same with McCook's alignment of the right that he had done at Stone river: the lin< too long and thin. The commander-indirected Crittenden, on the contrary spread his divisions out more and farth the left. The Union troops were very care posted, so as to cover both the approach Chattanooga, over the Eossville and the Valley roads. The two roads came tog< at Kossvuie. The commander felt sure that the al would be made on the Union left He t fore sent orders to Negley to move up to Thomas. At the same time McCook w close of the gap left by Negley. Then Rosecrans moved off to the left, v he believed the battle would begin, turning once more to the right, he found his orders to McCook and Negley hai been obeyed. Rosecrans repeated the orders perem Stenden's corpi ing nearest he ordered that I tho 6pace lef Negley. Once he told McCta keep closed toward the le all hazard. A the anxious " rode over to ley's corps, on find that Ni v'(t> " had still not mi GEJT. NEGLEY. JJe was waitin the relief to come to take his place ii line. The commander-in-chief himsell patched Negley then at once. But long ere this the battle had begun During the night of Sept. 19 Gen. The always mindful of the safety of his tr had ordered rude breastworks thrown i front of his line. Some were breast 1 and behind them lay the four divisions were to bear the brunt of that day's bi They were Baird's, Johnson's, Palmer's Reynolds'. Because of these very br works the attack on the right of The divisions was unsuccessful But to his where Baird was, his line did not exter Reed's bridge. Baird apprised him of on the night of the 19th, and Thomi once asked that Negley be sent to hi tecur* hia left flank from assault. The < cante was given to McCooto and Crittenden, bnt Cc obeyed in the tardy manner described The ga wer? battle began at 8:30 a. m., and Negley did W. j not reach Thomas for an hour after that lei inati The Confederate attack began as Rose- ar >en a crana had expected, on the left Breckin- ar Hght ridge's division advanced on the Confeder- de ?ades ate right, with Cleburne's division to the w< field left of Breckinridge. These belonged to D. ' He H. Hill's corps. br black w; h hat ON THE UNION LEFT. Bf with th (field. The heavy battle of the day began about rij rups, 9:30. Breckinridge and Cleburne made a mi hem.' tremendous assault on the Union left. Neg- 1 view ley had only just arrived there. Beatty's fo brigade of his division was struck heavily by us Breckinridge and driven back. There were pc no breastworks in front of the Union line wj here. pre- With Baird's division of the Union line on rans, began the breastworks. On the right of Baird com- was Johnson's division of McCook's corps, idow To the right of Johnson was Gen. John M. i two Palmer's division of Crittenden's corps. An- Breckinridge had suggested to his comthat nuuider, D. H. Hill, the attack on the exjust treme Federal left, jattle in front of Beatty, must UST where there were sty of no breastworks. Ho ^ I Ro- get in the rear of eUn- :the Union breastcrans works. Hill gave omas The movement m le his begun with gr > fall- *good prospect of na 'ound success. The two ?le? otl. john m. palmer. Confederate bri- M Lnat- gades making the w< o the attack were those of Adams and StovalL t Mc- Beatty was in the rear of Baird's division. se' mand It seemed possible that Adams and Stovall - in ne on might succeed in flanking the Union left on Bring But at the very moment when the Union line va Crit- was thrown into confusion, order was restored wj >ns in throug'j the heroic act of a Federal coloneL Cook He snatched his regimental flag from the Ui i case color bearer, waved it aloft and headed his sti horse directly toward the advancing Con- w< Wflf federates. Instantly his own men rallied 'fl posi- around him en s just Thus was formed a nucleus, where a sue- va ~orp8 cessful stand against the Confederates was th made. Then came re-enfor^ments from an eas* Negley, and the Confederate tide was stayed, th s had The two brigades were beaten back. Adams, ro i the the leader of one, was wounded and captured, va null- As Adams and Stovall attacked Beatty and 1 ation threw him into confusion the Confederate di aders generals Helm and Cleburne advanced Pa d his against BairtTs front and attacked heavily, an Polk, But in front of Baird began the log breast- in were works. They wore ^ ^ continued alone the M KC With Union line towards & JJffk ' ^ o' the right, in front on eler's 0f Johnson, Palmer ffKk su :e on Union troops be- Lf?V MijSp T1 11 hind their defenses if/ hi ; the calmly watched the Y**- J\ P? Hill oncoming Coofed- ha lefor erates. When "the T\ not southern soldiera CI were within i^ge3H6M0H@^???r Cc ^ a terrific fire from ' ^ Palmer's division / tvV^ qn was suddenly okn. b. h. heuc mi poured into their nu C/ faces. Gen. Helm's brigade was aimost cut R< 1JW to pieces. (Jen. Helm himself was shot and ofl / /ell dead among his men. The officer next in hit f command withdrew the brigade. of On the left of Palmer's division Johnson's su men continued the fire Palmer bad begun. Hi POn the right Gen. Reynolds took it up. wl "Load and-fire at will" was the order passed sti right and left along the Union line. or Under this withering fire the Confederates ha wavered, then stopped. Theu they fell slowly wl back into the shelter of the woods whence tit ???n" they came. % A. th an The men who fought in the Union army cr, to the 20th of Septem- nu ber suffered tortur- co h Ha. ?k ingjhirst Bragg's ^J nrwy uuu tiwwu ft he to the west bank ra?? ^3k, s?na mauga. They had m< nnse M^jSf got possession of I ^Nw^3f the springs \frhich r? ?? ? supplied the Union ~r r*?' ^^BSWBSK8afc^8 troops the day be>' wait for the squads bushrod johnson. Union men who were sent for water and captured then! A writer says: like "Details of men were sent for water and never returned. There was not a drop of I"**1 water on the whole field, and men and offl' cers resigned themselves to the torments of . . thirst." n jus The diagram below-allows the relative po?r sitions of the Union and Confederate armies $ fault 0Q the morning of Sept. 20: -? ^ W1E^ THOMAS. POLK. > WUfl CRITTENDEN. chief m'cook. longsteet. gr r, to Thus arranged, the Union army faced east- as; erto ward, the Confederates westward. Off to i ftf Wi ?rmien flhickamfluea creelr wi folly flowed on its v.-ay northward ha ies to The Union divisions stretched in a long, m( Dry irregular line between Thomas and McCook. ho ather Up to 11 o'clock all went well for the Fed- gai eral cause. Thomas' divisions had stood Ge ttacb their ground They had borne the brunt of thi here- battle md sustained themselves. Gen. " ?? Gc asto THE UNION RIGHT. COi pr mere Seeing in the beginning that he would be br ft?- bard pressed, Thomas had sent to Rosecrans foi [that asking urgently for re-enforcements. Rose- ! w? d not cran8 sent answer back to Thomas that he ] should be supported if it took away the whole j wt ptor- corps of McCook and Crittenden. Negley's sal Crit- division was already on the way to Thomas, ha 3 be- and Van Clevo's was started at once. I fle now Rosecrans ordered Gen. Wood to "close up ! rei 50 AH on Reynolds and support him," meaning that , "tl ' by be should take po- gfijxet^ : 8ai" more gition on the right & fjk. j 3k to of -that ofBcer's JT I at UP division. A mis- Jy _ I ' ft at understanding of kgain this order caused 'f'J'' ' JBE/ ^h( chief the mistake which ^ |"?S" was tbe undoing ui a the meant that he j ^rc dis- 8houid mako his GEN- 0AKFIELD- sai line of battle more comp act on the right of led Reynolds. The second part meant that he ma 'ma3i 6hould move to the rear of Reynolds. The ka ! order was written by one of Rosecrans' aides L? JP in who was not a military man. Ea. 3'gb, Qen, Wood interpreted the second part of er? who Rosecrans' order technically and obeyed it. Th ittle. He moved towards the rear of Brannan'g na! and division, who was nexfr on the right of Rey- 1 east- nolds. me i mas' un left, THE FATAL GAP. 1 J id to Ro thl9 Wood had dropped out of the Union line. 1 as at This left a gap. Bushrod Johnson,' of Long- tar m to street's command, aaw the vacant space, and at >rder pointed it out to bis general IngUntly the a 1 ^federates took advantage of this fata p in the line. Longstreet poured the whole Confederal !t wing into the space, and wheeled his fora ound towards his own right The Unioi my was cut in two. The corps of Critten n and McCook were struck in flank. The] >re driven from the field. The Union line of battle that had stood s< avely from north to Bouth in the morninj is bent back. All south of the divisions o tird and Johnson were rolled backward til ey extended from east to west, almost a ?ht angles to the position they held in thi orning. Through the gap swept the Confederate rces of Stewart, Hood, Renshaw, Johnsoi d Hindman. Preston followed as a sup rt. They poured through the breach lik iters over a broken levee. South of the break McCook was left wit] Jy a portion of Sheridan's and Davis' divi asions. ne oraeret attack the Confed eratea The] obeyed. Amonj them was the brig adeof the gallan and lamented Gen his commander' _ order, and rode t< gen. w. h. . lytle. kis death on th< field of Chicka auga. A beautiful monument marks hi ave in Spring Grove cemetery, Cincin itL It was impossible for the few brigades witl cCook to stay the tide of battle The] ;re overpowered and captured. At the moment when the gap was madi veral of Rosecrans' divisions were cbang g position and were in transit to Thoma i the left They were tak^n at a disad intage and utterly routed. Davis' divisioi is thus beaten. Bheridan's division was the last on thi nion richt When the Confederate ruck their blow two of Sheridan's brigade ;re in the act of marching to the left to ai< iomas. They encountered the advancing emy and endeavored to check them, but ii lin. They were repulsed, and fell back 01 e Dry Valley road. There they reformed d bad a second unsuccessful fight Thei ey retreated westward, and by a circuitou ute reached Rossville. Thence they ad .need to the aid of Thomas. To sum up: Davis' and Sheridan's wholi visions had been driven from the field irt of the divisions of Wood, Van Clev< id Brannan had been defeated and throwi to confusion. The brigades from these di sions that escaped were those that hat ne to join Thomas. The Confederates captured over 2,000 pris ere, 40 guns and vast quantities of arm] pplies. There was now left of the Union arm] iomas, the Rock of Chickamauga. Witl m were the divisions of Baird, Johnson timer and Reynolds. Wood and Brannai d formed anew in a lino from east to west vo brigades of Negley's and one of Vai eve's were with them. The corps of Mc >ok and Crittenden had been beaten. What had become of Thomas} was th< Garfield, Rose- "the rock of chicka ans' chief of staff, mauua. " ade the journey on horseback that has be me historic. GARFIELD'S FAMOUS RIDE. The brave chief of staff left the com under in chief at Rossville, and rod ound a distance of many miles, threadinj 3 way through bullets and gathering foe 1 he reached th* Union left, and found i xxi firm. Gen. Thomas, the hero of Chickamauga on learning of th disaster to t h < right, hastil] *>1 ft na/1 f ko V J/iatcu uuu vi wp against a rock GEN. BTEEDKAN. and gtood hij onnd for six hours against the repeatec sault3 of the whole Confederate army. Sarfleld reached Thomas, and was greetec irmly. Tfie glorious soldier told him h< d seven divisions and a number of detach rnts intact, and was confident he could stil Id his ground against any number of as alts. There were with him 25,000 troops irfleld hastily dispatched the good news t< 9 chief. A.t Rossville Rosecrans had parted from irfleld. The aide went to find Thomas, th< nunander rede hastily to Chattanooga, t< epare a refuge for the remnants of his okeu army, if the defeat was total, or tc *ward ammunition and supplies if Thomas is still intact. McCook and Crittenden, escaping from the eck, soon after joined him. While they ; dejectedly together, a dispatch was nded to Rosecrans. It was the one GarId sent from the Union left Rosecranf id it hastily. "Thank Godl" he exclaimed, be day isn't lost yet." "Gentlemen," he d to McCook and Crittenden, "this is no ice for you. Go at once to your commands the front" The dispatch infused new life into him. > ordered Wagner to take his brigade, stop s flying stragglers from the front and rejanize them. He at once sent supplies to set the army at Rossville. rhomas fought till night, then withdrew i army to Rossville. At the most critical :iod of the afternoon Gen. Gordon Granr brought his reserve force on lh? field im Rossville to the aid of Thomas and ? J .L. Tnnc i eu bUO Via jr. -u.io c*i*tc*uwv vt^auo nw [ by Gen. J. B. Steedman. Gen. Steedm took a regimental color in bis own mis and led a victorious charge against ngstreet and took possession of a perilous p in the Union line. At dark the Confedites gave up the fight and left the field, eir last attack was repulsed with the Iced bayonet. i n bis report Rosecrans makes especial intion of the gallantry of the cavalry der Minty, Mitchell and Wilder. n tho two days' battle of Cbickanmuga secrans lost over 10,000 men, Brapg 18,000. fhe Union army was all gathered in Cbatlooga by Sept. 23. The success of Bragg Chickamauga is classed in war history as 'barren victory." ! Dae West Items. 1 Due West, S. C., Sept. 16thl806, Rev. J. R. Edwards missionary, filled the A. R. P. pulpit Sabbath morning. His discourse . & ? upon the manner and mode of living In Mex* '% 3 ico was very Interesting as well as instrnot1 Miss Mattle Boyce, and Miss Made 8teven- "-i - son mlsslonarys from Mexico, lectured to the .-3 r children last Monday evening In the A. R. P. 3 Church. The light of the Abbeville fire was seen at > this place from two to three o'clock on Bab- 3 r bath morning. f Miss Lois Crawford and her consln. Miss , Evpbie Winn, spent a few days with friends 1 lu Due West last week. '$* t The friends of the following named persons ' 'v, a will be Borry to hear of their deaths, which occured near DueWest last week. Mrs. Delia ?. Bowie, Mrs. John Sewrlgbt, and Mr John 9 Hawiborm. , Tbe Stock show at Honea Path Friday last v-lj-Sg was a decided success, several animal* '? " around Due West were given premiums. 9 Mr. J. H. Wrenn started his ginnery last ,'i? week. The first bale being ginned free of toll. ; 5* Mr T. G. Ellis had the first this year, as well as 1 last year. Mr and Mrs. J. C. WlUlford of Mart Gary ' 1 County, spent Sabbath day with the family of -Jya 1 Mr. F. H. Gerk. iy&m f Mr. Robert Haddon of Antrevlll* was look- \ : & 1 lng around last week. Mr, Haddon thinks of purchasing the Ale- 359 wlce place, provided tbe price Is satisfactory. - v 7 Miss Maud Pratt Is visiting In Greenville. ' - .3 ; Parties Interested in tbe cleanslon off of . Lindsay grave yard, will please be on band --4 ^ f. con; tiiunjr IUUIUIUJJ. 6 Miss Rosa Burnett of New York Is visiting -a Mrs. Gambrel Smith. i i-.-.M Listen for the wedding bells. , Professors S. A. and H. E. Pressley leave to- & : morrow for Alabama. 1 Tbe following named delegates will go to >i a Lowndsvllle tomorrow to attend tbe AbbaviUa * Baptist Association : Kev. J. A. Brown Mesa. .'r? T. L. Eaddon, H. P. McUee and J. W. Pratt. 9 Miss Ersle Ellis after an absence of seven --531 - weeks with friends in Edgefield and Mount , ;j 3 Carmel has returned borne. Mrs. J. M. ( oobran leave Wednesday for a abort visit to the bome of Mrs. B. 8. Cochran. J55 Mr. M. P. Cain and family will return to j tbelr bome In Lounisvllle, Geo., Wednesday. .<4 Tbe people of Due West have very much en' Joyed tbelr visit, and bope tbey will come jfiK again. 9 Mrs. Taggart and children of Abbeville .. jspent a day with ns this week. Mrs. Ida Tappan of Rlngoid.Geo., Is spends Ing sometime with frends in aronnd Due - West. . Miss Rosa Cunningham of Donalds la visitlnK in town. . Blrtb, Sept. 15th, 1895, to Mrs. S. W. Davis,'* Sg a daugbter. - The Prultt home has Just been painted. Mrs. Wm. Lowry will soon leave Doe Weat 8 for California. ' 'i; i Remember tbe Due West stock show takes ';$% t place on tbe 16th of Oct. Dr. 0. B. Cowan a : 'A * public spirited gentleman has very kindly al1 lowed the association tbe use of his grounds 1 oa moll U O erl von Alha* wnlnokU .-FBWI bope everybody will attend. Come tone,- >-19 come all. 8tiow your appreciation or the vSa efforts to give you a first class show, and 70a . - 2 will not regret it. Itisnota money making . association but one for tbe benefit of tbe gen- jl eral public. Tbe colleges here will be opened on the ' a first Monday In October. Already our people v are getting ready for the reception of the fjj students. The young gentlemen of Ertkln are always popular, but It is of tbo yoang ladles that we would now sing : the 'angels coming. - i They are comln', boys be ready, Shuffle on your brightest smile, Get your nerves all calm an'steady. For it's Just a leetle while, An' tbe angels will be tlocklQ' In upon ub by the scores, An' there'll be some frequent knockln' .* At tbe College doors. Seems almost I bear the rustlln1 01 tbe pinions snowy fair, Sorter quiet studious bustllD', Sorter music in tbe air; Seems almost I see tbe faces Srallin' from amoDgst the curia, Catcb a glimpse of lawn an' laces, s Worn by College girls. Ob, they're coming', sorely comin', An' they're oomin' now to stay, * For tbe 'Fessors they've been drammln' ,yg Far an' near for many a day. So, yon boys, be gettin' ready, Buckle on your brightest gear, Get your nerves all quiet, steady, For tbe Angels will be here! Verdery Note*. "- -I - -q Verdery, S. C., September IS, 1886. > ^ Protracted services were-held here in the iafi Methodist church last week: the pastor, Rev. , S] ? W. B. Wharton, assisted by Revs. Paylor and ; M p Engram. > , Mrs. M. M.' Lipscomb and her fair daughter, , Miss Mattle, are stl 11 spending their time In Greenville. Mrs. E. M. Everett, ?f Augusta, Is with her - :;A parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Henderson, of I y f. ibis place. A large number of friends welcome Miss Mamie Short, of Washington, Ga., In their midst again. j Miss Muckle Bullock, one of Greenwood's ? sweetest daughters, Is . visiting the family of . Rev. W. B, Wharton. Mrs. WIIIBootbe, nee Miss Delia Smith, of Florida, arrived bete Saturday, where she -3 will pay parents.ii visit. Mr. w. P. Detlln is attending Orsborne ^ Business College. < - Miss Olive Smith, a charming younglady ol * 3 White Hall, wan with friends here last week. J Mr. B. P. McKellar, Jr., of Greenwood, has ^ >3 quite an attraction this way. Mr. C. 0. Nlckles, one of Hodges most en-. - | terprlsing young merchants, was with friends here a short while last week. Mrs. W. A. Lomax, Sr., Is expected home , 38 the latter part of the week. She has been S with her daughter In Charlotte, N. C. :M, We understand that "Daisys" are very beau- ' :J tlful and attractive. "Blue Eyes" were not asleep long, it became too irfonotonous. "Verdery." fyH . 9'9 ' " f Hester's Items. r Hesier.S. C. September 12,1896, * <% Hester Brothers will soon bave tbelr glq_ .3 ? ready for the fleece of the field. They do a' 9 large business In that line. 1 Mr. G. M. Smith, is now prepared to gin as usual. He generally gins a great deal of cotton, and runs one of the finest gins for sam- '-" "ss 1 pie lu Abbeville County. 3 Norwood Brothers have built a gin house and will soon commence ginning. " Mr. Sam Hester, oue of our prosperous v 1 young farmers, is now clerking for Hester - Brothers. . H Mr. Willie Boyd baa Just finished his new' ' well. } Mr. Jack Hester, speaks of going to Charles- >:'f, ton,* S. C., to school. * . Rev. G. H. Burton, spent last Wednesday >3 at Mr. r. C. Martin's, also Mrs. J. H. Hester. 5 Mrs. J. H. Hester and Miss Maud Hester > aud Miss Matlle Martin expect to attend tbe j Association at Lowndesvllle. Mr. Henry E. Hester has returned to Florl- \ * dii. > Mr. Shelley B. Martin Is now in Atlanta, Ga. Miss Mattie Martin and Miss Maud Hester are expecting the beautiful and ebarmlng ' Miss Annie Hanvey, of Hunters, S. C.,to tIsi it them soon. Tbe'e will be preaching at the school noose tbe second Sabbath p, m., by Rev. Burton. 1 Patsy. Relating to Iuftiirance Companies. ' Mr. Klugb Introduced the following resolu ' lion, wmcu who rtruu luc ursi iiiue nuu reierred to the Committee on Judicial Department. 1. That the General Assembly shall, at ltd 1 first session after the adoption of this Constl> tutlon, enact such laws as will protect the i people against Imposition by insolvent or bogus insurance companies by requiring a deposit of approved securities wlib the State ' ! Treasurer on the part of each insurance com[ pany before the same Is allowed to begin or continue to do business In this StUe, and | such depo ii shall at all times he kept np to at 1 I least tweuty-tive per centum of the prem[ Innis of Insurance received by such company . within thlsState In each year. I 2. The measure of llaoillty of every Are lnj surance company shall the full amount of any policy which It shall take or carry on I any property In tbeState in case of the total ' I loss or destruction of such property, and a ' I proportionate amount In case of partial low, i -J ...x oiwih nommini' tihull ha al1/to?As4 t/\ ; up the defense ttint such property was of lesa value than that fixed and agreed upon at the 1 1 time such policy was written. ^ | The lunds or securities deposited with thcState Treasurershull be held by bim In trust for the policy holders of the company : depositing the same, and shall be subject to a | lien fur taxes, and to no other lien whatever except the lien of a Judgment recovered on a I policy of such company. Whooping Cough Plasters can be had at Speed's. I A J i . .. H