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JANET LEE In the Shadow of the Gallows. >* i BY DAVID LOWRY. CHArTEK XVI?Continued. "In th.it case, then, 1 ask permission to epeak in my own behalf." -lonaf T no li VtAl* ViAiQrl V. All I eyes were turned upon her. The snn s raj's streaming in through the window bathed her in golden light. Her beautiful head?there was no ehaplier head in New England?was upheld with the pride of the Lees, her clear-cut features imEressed all there with a sense of her eautv, while her composure and courage appealed to the sympathy of all around her. lien and women gazed at her in wonder, marveling at her self-possession. "Since my father's apprentice is the only witness against me. and appears as my "accuser, I crave the privilege of nnflKtionintr him." Governor Danforth whispered with his associates. "There is no objection." Janet seemed to grow in stature as she turned to her father's apprentice, whose countenance betrayed a perturbed spirit. "Ezra Easty, if all who go to Will's Hill are in league with the evil ODe, why may I not accuse vou of being in league with the evil one?* "I can prove by Ann here I followed you to see what you did with the cake and milk." "How do vou know it 5s wrong to go to Will's Hill? Did you ever 6ee the evil one, or witch, there?" Ezra Easty hesitated and twice choked down the swelling in his throat before he answered. * "Polly Goodman swore she saw the evil one on a Monday." "With horns and flaming eyes," added Janet, ironically. "She saw the horns," 6aid Ezra, doggedly. "And a barbed tail?did she not 6ay I 'twas like the iluke of an anchor?" ' "Yes; 'twas like a fluke, she 6aid, and , o terrible she fell in a faint." "And just then her sister, Ann Bigger, j came up behind my father'n cow. That was the evil one her sister Polly saw." j One of the magistrates smiled, and I some of the people held down their heads to conceal their merriment. , "Has not Ann Bigger your promise to marry her?" Janet asked, abruptly, as if it was a matter of course. " 'Tis false!" Ann exclaimed. "I never got his promise," wherupon Deputy Danforth coughed, and the women put their handkerchiefs to their faces. "Then 'twas you who asked ht^ Ezra? was that the way of it?" "Must I answer her?" said tne apprentice, shifting his feet, and evading the glances of the curious crowd. "It is not neceBBary," Janet continued, briskly. "Why, all here heard you call on Ann Bigger to bear you^ut." "Is my affaire and Ann Bigger's to oe brought up here?" the apprentice demanded wrathfully. But Janet demurely replied: "Yon brought Ann in, not I. Has Ann not made you come and go at her bidding?" "No" more than Arthur Proctor there comes at your bidding." Janet turned to the magistrates with the utmost composure and said: "Arthur Proctor has asked me io marry him, and I have given my promisa." Then, addressing her father's apprentice \ wain: "Did you not any to Ann there wa6 nothing short of death you would not risk to please her?" "Is it fair Ann's affairs and mine should be made public?" whined the apprentice. "Is it fair or manly to make my af lairs public?you wno betray yoar master?" The people now pricked tip their ears as Janet's voice rose. She tamed toDepuptv Governor Danforth directly, and, pointing to Ezra Eastv, continued: "This man is ungrateful to my father. In his pitiful cowardice and ignorance he attributes motives to me such as animate creatures like himself. If this poor wretch, who dares not look me in the face, be not my accuser, then so much more is he to be* pitted, for he must be the tool of anothor. I am as innocent of the charge brought against me as anyone here. 'Twould be as fair for me to charge this poor wretch as for him to testify against me. And when yon listen to a tale of this sort you invite all who have a grudge against another to perjure them selves, as tms man Has perjured mmseir. Were I on the scaffold I would say no less. I will say to the end that malice is at the bottom of this matter, and I will assert my innocence." Wnen Janet Lee ended her speech with guppressed passion the listeners looked at each other. It was plain that all were favorably impressed. The JudgeB consulted, and commanded John Lee to be Bworn. "John Lee," said Governor Danforth in a manner that indicated indecision, "you have a brother named Martin?" 'John Lee bowed. "Do you know where your brother ig now?" "I do not." When did you see him last?" "It will be two weekB to-morrow." "Let Dorothea Lee be sworn." When Mistress Lee arose all the women In the room drew a long breath. All present Knew ner to t>e a woman aoove reproach, an! one whose kindness was proverbial. "Dorothea Lee, when did you last 6ee your husband's brother, Martin Lee?" Dorothea's lips moved. She tried to speak. Suddenly those near her sprang to her aid, but too late, for Dorothea Lee dropped limp upon the floor. There was a commotion, some shouting for air, others calling for liquor or water, in the mid-t of which Dorothea rose, and looked about in a dazed manner like one waking from a sleep. Deputy Danforth spoke to the magistrate on his left, who resumed the examination. "Your husband says it iR two weeks eince he saw h s brother Martin. Did you see him tbejj?" Dorothea bowed. "What passed between them? They had f-ome angry words?" Again Doiothea inclined her head. "Your husband taxed his brother with gre it folk?" "He did." "When Martin Leo walked away, did not John Lee say be wished Martin had not been bom to bring disgrace on the name of Lee, aiul did he not hope never to 6ee hi> fnce again?" Again Dorothea strove to spenk, and again her tongue refused to obey her. "Officer." said the magistrate, "let Ann Bijrger be sworn." 1 e ,1 Ami sirpj'tv* lurwum viioivij, iau tongne was not tied like that of her mistress. "Ann, were you present when Martin Lee parted from hi6 brother?" "I was, and heard all that passed? every word," "I never knew Ann to miss anything that was going on," said Janet, quietly, at which there was a langh. "State what you heard, Ann." Ann's maimer was free and unconcerned as 6he glibly told her story. "My master wondered what brought his brother there after disgracing the name of Lee. Much was said about the pride of the Lees; as if there was none like the Lees. John Lee wished Martin had never been born. Martin said he had done no wrocg, and it would be more like the rride of the Leei if his brother John would take his part, and not join with others against him. Then John few into a towering passion and bade Martin begore, lest he should surrender him to the sheriff. Then Mistress Lee and Janet interfered, and that made master worse. He 6aid he wished Martin Lee were dead, and for his part the sooner he was out of the way the better. Then Janet Lee. who is jprouder tdan her father, as all know. saldfT 'twere true that Martin killed the Marshal's horse and sheep by cutting their throats in that cruel manner, she could see him well ont of the way; that it would be a blistering disgrace?his presence in Salem. But it would never do to let h m bang." When Ann ended, Janet said, in an I audible voice: "Heaven's will be done! I We are greatly wronged by this malicious creature." As for John and Dorothea, they Btared at Ann in amazement. They were so dumfoundect that neither could speak. The magistrates consulted again, and Deputy Danforth spokq in solemn tones: "Janet Lee, the evidence is deemed sufficient to justify the charge of witchcraft." Then ho paused, as a murmur rose, for many there were surprised at the decision of the magistrates, and did not hesitate to express their wonder. "But," he continued, "there is another and more serious charge prepared against you." He spoke to the magistrate on his left, and the magistrate, looking at a paper he held in his hand, addressed Janet Lee: "Janet Lee, although diligent Bearch has been made, Martin Lee is nowhere to be found. Ann Bigger swears John Lee wished him dead, and you agreed, but said it would never do to let him hang! Dorothea Lee admits the brothers quarreled; that they parted in anger. Janet Lee has been "found on Will's Hill at night, when all others avoid it. All these things warrant the belief that Martin Lee has been put out of the way by his own people, to prevent him from suffering the consequences of his crimes, and the evidence warrants us in holding Janet Lee on the charge of witchcraft and murder." During the delivery of this speech, Janet, Dorothea, and John Lee looked at the magistrates with paling faces. When the last word was uttered, Dorothea Lee amazed all present by throwing all near her aside, and confronting the magistrates, as the cried, in a voice that was heard by those outside: "Do not hold Janet! 'Tin I who am the guilty one! 'Tis I who was on Will's Hill? Janet is as innocent as any of you who sit in judgment on her! I will proclaim it with my dying breath! It was I ? * u;ii J li. WUU ?OUl ivr uia o xxiaa, auu n woo nvm my neck, not Janet's, that Ezra Easty plucked the handkerchief!" Dorothea's avowal amazed all who heard her, but it fell with crushing effect on her husband, who rose, staggered like one drunk, then putting forth a hand, as if reaching for something to steady himself. sank Deck upon his seat, and bowed his heid upon hiB hands. Again the magistrates consulted, amid the confusion and murmers that ensued, and once more theToice of the magistrate commanded silence. "It is the opinion of my associates that the extraordinary circumstances you have witnessed justify us in ordering Janet and Dorothea Lee to be confined in Ipswich Jail until 6uch time as they shall make final answer to the charge of witchcraft and murder." Long before he concluded, Dorothea Lee fainted dead away. Then confusion reigned in the old Meeting House. CHAPTER XVII. GRIZZLE MEADE AND INDIAN JOE. The authorities lmmedi-ateiy sent to Will's Hill, where Martin Lee had hid himself. But there was no sign of the sailor, nor wasthere any evidence that any one had been there. When the officers reported this, rumors of all kinds were circulated. First, it was said that although do sign of Martin Lee waB found, a hole was there large enough to bury adozen in. Janet Lee and her mother, after making way with Martin Lee, had called in the witches' aid,and had buried him bo deep he never could be found till judgment day. Second, it wassaid Martin was, like his sister-in-law and niece, in league with the devil, nnd had been caught by the heel by the evil one and dragged down into the earth, and thus was in hell then, where all witches and their familiars were sure to RO. Third, the hole was a deception. It was freshly made, as all could see, and Martin was near at hand, and concealed himself in it, but whoever put a foot near it slipped and fell into it, snd was in d&nger of being dragged into the bowels of the earth. The officers, knowing this, and fearing for their lives, reported no one was in Bight. The maimer in 'which the devil ngnred | in all these stories demonstrated the hold that fear of the evil one nad on all the people of Salem. There were sensible men and women who were amazed at these stories, bat they were discreet. They knew that to attempt to set the public rieht would but subject tEem to suspicion. They wisely kept iheir own counsel, and were thua undisturbed at their own firesides, whereas, had they avowed boldly what they afterwards averred, they might have saved I human lives, and lessened the period of the ereitest folly ever known in American history. Where was Martin Lee? If he was murdered, where was he buried? the officers of the law asked. And if he were alive, why did he not make himself known? If he were alive, yet did not show himself, and save his relatives from death on | the scaffold, what was his crime before , he killed John Winslow's horse and 6heep? These were the questions the authorities propounded, and which remained unanswered. Now, however, a new witness appeared. This was Indian Joe, who related with great minuteness of detail how he wit- ' nessed Martin Lee cut the horse and lamb's throat. Questioned why he had not made the truth known at once, Joe 8nBwered he stood in awe of the cruel man. He feared that the man who did these things would kill him. He also feared, in case no stranger could be found, the crime, would be laid upon him. So now all Salem knew that Martin Lee was a great monster, and liad always been a monster, and was well cut of the way. And because hiB own people had made ?way with him, it rere well to hang them all together. "When the gossips had agreed on this, afresh sensation awaited them. Daniel Meade and his wife Grizzle went before the judge and made oath that the man who murdered their only son was in truth Martin Lee. Questioned why they hid not made this known at the time, they both answered they did not know it was Martin Lee until subsequent events; the arrest of Janet Lee and her examination nnd the testimony submitted revealed tha truth: how the ailor they had lodged, and was now murdered by Janet Lee anil her mother, had quarreled with and shot tajhir son. Then the gossips of Salem had more to talk about than they could do justice to in a week. On the evening of the day that the landlord of Globe Inn and his wife charged Martin Lee with the murder of their son, Giles Eliis walked into Globe Inn auietl.v. and seated himself at a tabl? near the fire, where lie could observe all who entered, himself in the shadow. There were many customers that evening, but Giles Ellis did not remain to keej) them company. His errand was witn the landlord and his wife. He was in the inn, a solitary visitor there, when the landlord poured h.m out a glass of wine, and stood near him, at his customer's service. Grizzle Meade sat near bj'. Giles Ellis took up the wine, looked at it critically, sipped it slowly, and savins, mere's your good health," drafifc the wfne off neatly and replaced the glass on the table. "Thanks," said Grizzle. "This was a good day's work." Giles Ellis nodded his head as he repeated the words?"gooi day's work." "It was all we could do," said Grizzle. "I think it will put an end to Martin Lee. If he be alive, he will never be known in Massachusetts." "No," said Daniel Meade, "he will not dare to coir.e back on account of John Winslow's horse and sheep. 'lis more like he will return to 6ea." "No. He will not come back?if he be ilive?to be hanged for killing your son," said Giles, looking hard at the landlord who did not meet his eyes, but made a pretense of stirring the lire. "Think ^oa thfiy will hang Dorothea Lee and her daughter," Grizzle asked. "It is a thing almost certain," Giles replied. "Unless it may be the judges are not really sure Martin J-.ee is maae way with. There may be?I do not say this to be lepeated, nor must you quote me in this mutter?you know Governor Danforth is my cousin, and it maybe some sne has influence to save Dorothea and Janet Lee from hanging?but it will be a difficult thing to do. Here Giles Ellis looked so wise that his listeners oonld not help nodding in unison and complimenting him upon his relaaonship with the Governor. "Hast heard what Indian Joe tells of Martin Lee?" Giles inquired. The landlord of the Globe Inn was opening his mouth to speak, when Grizde pressed Mb toe hard and said: "Never a word have we heard." Now the truth was the story had been told with great detail in the inn, but Grizzle did not wish to rob their customer of the pleasure of thinking himself the first to give them the news. Whereupon Giles told all that Indian Joe rehearsed to eatjer listeners?and very much more. Then again they all agreed that if Martin Lee really was in the flesh, he surely would sail around the globe rather than risk being hanged in Salem. And now Grizzle Meade poured out wine for the three?the smallest glass for her husband?and all drank to each others' health again. It did not seem strange to any there that their health was 60 precious that it needed much nursing ana care. When Giles Ellis withdrew after applauding the landlord and his wife for the prompt manner in which they had charged Martin Lee with the murder of their son, and advising them to demand his arrest and conviction, Grizzle Meade turned quickly to her husband. "Now, you can judge for yourself. This man has as much cause to dread Martin Lee's return as we have. Did you mark what he said about John Winslow'g sheep and horse? How they were killed at 6uch an hour, when all others tell us 'twas a good three hours later?" "Aye, I marked it, Grizzle." "And how he met Indian Joe below John Lee's?" "And all the others tell na how these two met a good half mile on the other side of John Lee's," said Daniel Meade. Well?" "Why"?here Grizzle bent a scornful look upon him?"a babe could see how 'tis. I tell you, Daniel Meade, 'twas no one else bat Giles Ellis killed the horse and sheep?and paid his grudge against John Winslow." "I never thought of that, Grizzle." "And 'twas the first thing?the very first thing came into my mind," answered Grizzle Meade. "I do not want any better proof than I have that he killed John Winslow's sheop, but it would be well if we could let him know, Daniel Meade, that tbore is a way to prove it, so do you keep your wits about yon, and be sure I'll do tne same, for there is danaer to you and me as long as that~~man lives. Ha suspects too much now." [TO Bg CQNXIHUED.l WORDS OF TflSDOX. A wicked man is his own grave digger. The truth never dodges, no matter who shoots. Don't look back and you won't want to go back. Most anything can be forgiven easier than seltjstiaess. The only easy thing to do in this world is to love. A fool thinks he is right because he ;an't see very far. A step in the dark is very apt to be a 3tep toward death. Sometimes we take a long step by being put down a bit. Indecision is the greatest robber on the face of the earth. It never take3 a fool but a few minutes to tell all he knows. A hypocrite's mouth has more death in it than that of a mad dog. The party who won't forgive i9 the 3ne who is always in the wrong. Beware of the man who always dips bis tongue in oil before he speaks. No college can do much for the man who thinks he knows it all himself. The man who brags much on his goodness will bear a good deal of watching. Don't have much to say about yourself, if you want to keep clear of hypocrisy. Until a man has been tried he will always have reason to be afraid of himself. A good way to lose all that you have is b be in too much of a hurry to get rich. There arc people who shiver every time they hear that there are spots on the sun. No man who can be a first-class something has any right to be a fourth-rate nothing. It is only those who are afraid of the light who are afraid of their own shadows. The Only Proper Hair Tonic. Hair washes are generally more harmful than good. There is only one substance on the face of the earth that has any virtue as a hair tonic, and that is rosemary oil. An essence made lrorn rosemary oil greatly diluted in water is an excellent wash for hair that is becoming thin or falling out. It seems to revive and strengthen the scalp and stimulate the hair bulbs to renewed activity. All the other washes, more particularly those applications which contain grease of any kind, are far more hurtful than beneficial, since the.v clog up the scalp and prevent, the natural nourishment being supplied to the hair. No oxe in the world can tell what will happen to-morrow. Instead of spending your money on some one who thinks he can prophesy, save it, and you will know that no matter what happens you will not be penniless. A fortune-teller cannot know unythlng about the future except that the people are credulous, and that her bank account gets fa! through their credulity. CHANGES IN SHIPS. THE WONDERFUL PROGRESS OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. ______ From the Indian's Dugout to the Ocean Liner?Story ol the Great Eastern?Lake Vessels?The Whaleback Steamer. MlW RANSFER of the two ?fastest ocean steamS ships to the American A S v, registry, combined /S successful construction of swift cruisers in American g. ?r: *navy yards, undoubtedly iuaugurates a new epoch in the naval history of the United States. It is creditably declared that the Inman Line has resolved fully to Americanize itself and that orders for addition to its fleet on improved modifications of the City of Paris and the City of New York have already been given to an American shipbuilding firm. - - 1- - L..JU iV. Uniy last ween tne man wiiu uuut mo first steamship that ran from this side the water to the other died. The name of Qoudie more than a generation ago was worthily conspicuous in the annals of Atlantic shipbuilding. It passes away almost as UDnoted as the designs of the epoch in which the young architecture of the ocean made its timid beginniag. The steamers of the great lake traffic, more thaD rivr.l for the eeacost trade of A WHALEBACJ the country, have also led shipbuilding forward until the newest designs for grain-carrying propellors fully match for speed and economy in their own business the latest development of shipbuilding for the high seas. A curious fact always piedominant in shipbuilding is that science labors with the same problem that vexed the oldest Nations hundreds of years ago, and although modern tithes and western Nations flatter themselves that it is they who have achived the wondors .of the land and of the sea, DacK to tne umnese of the early middle apes we go for, the ship models which are, in miniature, more ideally perfect thAn the latest British or American structure. The sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands come as near the perfect type of watttr cutter as any engineer has conceived, and the great ships of the oceans and the lakes constantly approach nearer and nearer to its model. As described by those who have seen it it is sharp at both ends, the bottom of one piece neatly hollowed, and the under or keel part round, but inclining to a wedge, the upper part almost flat. It is believed that thev can easily make twenty-four miles an hour. In Peru in what is known as the balza is found the origin of the sliding keel. It was in use in the South Seas when Sir Richard Hawkins made his first voyages. A peculiarity ot the balza is that the sails work when the wind is contrary, as well as when it is with the wind, the steering being done by a contrivance perfectly distinct from a rudder, and invented by Indians who probably knew nothing whatever of science. The device consists of planks three or lour yaids in length and half a yard in breadth called juares, which are placed vertically in the fore and after part of the balzn, between the principal timbers composing it. By lowering some of these planks in the water and raising others they keep their course whether with a side wind, in tacking before the wind or in veering, and thus the prow is kept in whatever direction is desired. Evolution of the ship from the canoe, Bharp pointed at both ends, to the caravel that carried Columbus across the ocean, > ' ^ _ ana irom tuai lype 10 mc yicuu num.* that afterward became numerous for a time in the merchant marine, was a backward step in naval construction. It reached its climax in the sidewheelers that constituted one epoch in ship-building after the application of steam. The Great Eastern, at one time believed to be the highest development of ship-building, in which the problem of economy of fuel A PITH* OF 14Sb. was held to be perfectly solved as well as meclmniciil conditions permitted, proved, in fact, to be the most egregious error of marine experiment. From that time the question that became paramount in traversing the ocean wa9 to find the type that would carry most at least cost, and to the solution of this question it was necessary to bring the type of hull with largest interior ce.ve and greatest resistance to the force of j the sea and the stress of diverse winds. The problem of the mechanical engineer for the steamship never remained stationary for a great length of time. After the adoption of the propellor principle to obtain the greatest carrying capacity for freight and passengers with the least outlay in fuel, manipulation in machinery became the paramount question of the time. How the two problems, that of fast sail and of mechanical power, are being solved constitutes one or tne most interesting stories of the age. The Great Eastern was built to represent, as was then believed, the highest achievement in steam naval architecture. Th 3 original purpose was to use her be tween England and India. An eastern steam navigation company was formed and it considered chiefly the question, "Can we not build a steamer so large as to contain coal enough for a voyage to India and back?'' In 1853, after three years of effort, capital enough was raised to build the monster. It was resolved that both paddle wheels and the screw propeller shoqld be used because, as it was then believed, there would be greater average speed with the same power, greater uniformity of speed, greater power of gradual stopping when needed, less vibration and Ditchinsr and less necessitv - _ X" O ? for standing rigging and les3 strain and wear. The length of the ship was ordered to be 680 feet, her breadth eighty-five feet, her depth fifty-eight feet, her screw and paddle propulsion 53,000 horse power. It was calculated that she could carry 20,000 tons of coal, fv BTEAJfER. 5000 tons of goods, 500 first-class passengers and a greater number of seoond or third-class or troops. It was believed that she would reach fifteen knots an hour and would reduce the voy- | age to India to thirty days. It was predicted that every trip would pay forty per cent, on the capital invested, without Government subsidy or mail contract. Although the order to build had been given in 1853 it was 1857 and the Bhip was not finished. In 1859 a trial i trip was made along the coast. Four steamers towed the Great Eastern out, but as she was nearing Weymouth the steam cylinder burst, killing and wounding a number of persons and destroying everything in the great saloon. During this voyage the furnaces consumed ten tons of coal per hour, but the speed fell far below expectation. The year 1860 arrived and the ship had done nothing, although shareholders were clamorous for their NEiV LAKE MODEL STEAMSHIP. money. At last in June of that year the ship came across the Atlantic with only forty-two passengers, and although 190,00U persons visited her, paying a fee, the expense of the trip far exceeded its receipts. In 18(51 3he was in dry dock for repairs. With the single exception of a voyage to Quebec with troops the great ship never did anything of value or importance, and was finally abandoned as worthless for her original purpose. Causes of the development of shipbuilding have teen in equal degree war and trade. As rapidly as England became the ouyer and seller of the world she became also its shipbuilder. She boasts more shipyards than all other Na- I tions combined, and she has built not ! only the greatest merchant marines and the finest of armed fleets for herself, but has also constructed the war ship3 of nearly all other Nations. She attained her highest proficiency during our Civil War when the necessities of the Confederates gave her the most profitable orders ever issued by a foreign people, while the prostration of the cotton industry throughout England in consequence of the blockade of Southern ports added still greater stimulus to her designers and contractors. While ships continued to be be built of wood shipbuilding in the United States enjoyed a healthful and gradual growth down to the time of the Civil War. The American fleet of clipper ships was, at one time, the greatest in the world. The father of Henry Bergh, founder of the Humune Society, was one of the first noted American shipbuilders. Christian Bergh was accounted in his J'? - ?avin tVi#? linoa uay uie must, miuic ca|i&ii, iu kuv uuw of a ship. He was appointed by the United States Government to superintend the construction of the President and other war vessels in the Brooklyn navyyard, and at the breaking out of the War of 1S12 he w-uj sent to Lake Erie to build a craft to be used against the enemy. In his own shipyards at New York were built muuy of the finest vessels for the Atlantic lines, both to the British Islauds and to the Continent. In 1S06 the first steamboat iu the world was constructed in the yard of another American shipbuilder, Charles Browne. The design was byRobert Fulton, who had brought her engines from England. She was callc'i the Clermont and was intended to ply uctween New York City and Baltimore. The first notable steamers of the \ 1 lakes were the Milwaukee and the Red Jacket, which John Englis built on Lake Erie, where he went from New York in 1837. He was particularly noted for his steamers for th& China trade, one of which made the distance lrom Hong Kong to Shanghai, 1000 miles, in fiftysix hours. A bronze medal was awarde I to him by the American Institute for the model of the United States revenue cutter Ashuelot. He also built the first gunboat delivered to the navy department of the United States, the Unadilla. It was built in fifty-eight days. The great clipper ships of the ocean were as frequently constructed in Amercan shipyards as in British. The builder most known in connection with them was William H. Webb, who was equally successful in merchant marine and war ship construction. His father, Isaac Webb, had also been a shipbuilder, and the son went into the yards of his own motion at the age of fifteen. He worked through all the degrees of the profession from apprenticeship up, and was equally expert in every portion ot a ship. At the age of twenty-four he became his father's successor. He built the United States, the first commercial steamship designed THE DUGOUT. to be of use, if desired, in the Government service. She could be armed with two tiers of guns and had plenty of room in which to work them, and could carry coal enough for a voyage to Europe. Her first, trin tr? Livernool occunied thirteen -? ? r 1-? r days, and she consumed forty tons of coal daily. She was 256 feet loDg, fifty feet broad and thirty and a half feet deep. The development of ship-building since that day may be conceived by comparing the first of this clas9 of merchantmen with the latest examples, the City of Paris and the City of New York, which have been admitted under the American flag on condition that they, like the United States, shall be convertible to the naval service of the United States at the will of the Government. There are now under way or completed for the United States Government forty ships of various types which when finished will give us the third navy in the world. The contracts cover four battle ships of the highest class, six double turreted monitors, two armored cruisers, thirteen protected cruisers, two of them the fastest in the wor^, and fifteen smaller vessels, including torpedo uvais* The latest device in ocean transportation is the passenger whaleback. The length of the vessel which is to be the first of the fleet is 225 feet, with a displacement of 1400 tons. The hull is of the steambarge pattern, very like that of the freight whaleback, beiog almost entirely under water and supporting a strongly built pier above the sea. It is divided longitudinally into three compartments subdivided into twenty-one separate water tight sections, with outdoors below the water line. It is claimed that this model will give a stability not possessed by any other form of hull, and that even when attacked by a tornado it will not be seriously disturbed. The engines are calculated to give a speed of I * *? Kaii? TKOTT OPA iweutjr-iuui nuuva au uuun - ? of triple expansion, 122 revolutions a minute, and are to receive steam at a pressure of 115 pounds. There are numerous other engines for electric lighting, hoisting, heating and ventilating. The superstructure is supported by five piers fifteen feet in diameter. The steel masts will be used also as ventilators. The frame of the superstructure is connected by transverse beams to a central girder that is supported by and bolted to the piers and masts. The lower floor of the superstructure is devoted entirely to staterooms lighted by incandescent electric lights. Accommodation for 720 first-class passengers is provided. Steerage travelers will be restricted to the hull. For the first-cla3s passengers who wish to promeaade there is ample room I upon the roof. Passage from the hull I to the superstructure will be by electrip elevators inside the first, middle and stern piers. In addition to the stability which is claimed for the new model, it is also expected that, since the cooking and working apartments will be in the hull, the passengers, who will be only in the superstructure,will avoid the sickening smell of machinery, odors of the kitchen and noise of freight and all other causes that disturb or prevent sleep. It is believed by the designers and capitalists of the whaleback fleet that the ocean voyage will be made in n ''1 *? f OKirto rro live ciays witn periectcuwiun.? Herald. The Oldest Ex-Speaker. Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston, JIas?., the oldest ex-3pet?ker of Congress, Is eighty-three years old. Mr. Winthrop enjoys the distinction of having known personally every President of the United States except Washington aud Jefferson. In 1832 he saw Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, at his own house in Baltimore, and in 1836 he visited at Stratham, N. H., Paine Wingate, then ninety-nine years of age, the last surviving member of the drst Senate of the ^11?1 KOr.ERT C. WIXTIIROP. United States, who had dined with Washington on the clay of his tirst inauguration. Mr. Wiutlirop is in excellent health. There are at present in China only 1022 citizens of the United States. Bfsr Merino Sheep From France. A lot of sheep with big folds on their cecus have been sent to California direct from the French Government farm at Rambouillet. Sheep with tbo proper number of folds in their necks, and with the right kind of wool are valuable property, so valuable that the French Government sent two representatives to accompany the sheep across the Atlantic Ocean and across the continent until placed in their new home in Stanislaus County. The sheep were secured by S. C. Wilmans during a trip to Europe, and influence, more than money, was necessary to get them from the Government of France. Yet money was of importance in the transaction, foj the cost for. the Vini.,3 /vf omlitoon for.io OnH twplvft PW PS UU1 V4 \J i WlgUbbbU lUMlo uu < ? ?- - ? ? -- ?? by the time they arrive at Newman will be $25,000. The residence of these sheep in California will be at the immense Woodside stock farm on the San Joaquin River, near Newman. The owners, the Wilmans brothers, wbc have already gained attention among the growers for their breeding of French merino sheep, all descendants of the band of 161 imported between the years 1847 and 1853 by A. L. Bingham, of Cornwall, Vt. This present importation, ? ? ??? j FRENCH MERINO SHEEP. however, has received greater notice than any similar event that has occurred for the sheep represent the highest breeding of Fiench merino in the world. The sheep are not to be sold, but ar&imported to improve the breed.?San Francisco Examiner. Horses With Yells. It is very comical to see in the streets of Colorado Springs horses decked out with veils. We have grown accustomed to the jaunty little hats worn by many horses in our own towns to protect them from the heat of the sun. We can even see an umbrella fastened over their heads without surprise, but a veil gives to the noble beast a dandyish look that is very droll. Some of these veils, belonging to tine saddles, are mere fringes of fine strips of leather that hang before the ejes; others arc pieces of mosquito netting drawn tightly back and fastened like a lady's nose veil; but the most stylish, and altogether effective, are of netting drawn over a hoop which holds it away from the eyes, yet completely protects them. Anything funnier than a pair of horses going gravely about the streets wearing these exaggerated goggle arrangements is rarely seen. These v6ils, however, though fashionable at the foot of the Rocky Mountains, are not worn for fashion's sake. They are indeed a stern necessity, and the comfort, if not even the life of the horse, demands it. Colorado, with all its great attractions, has one plague?the plague of flies. mi M .11 ?_ i tk, la..? no flics U1 till dl?C9fUUIU bUO i^oou wv wuv enormous bluebottle are everywhere. Most parts of his body the horse can. himself protect if not deprived of his tail, but his eyes he cannot, and these delicate organs are a racial objects of attack by the fly tribe.* It is the least a roan can do to provide a protecting veil for his most faithful servant.?Congregationalism Hails in Early Days. Boston's first newspaper, the NewsLetter, contains the following advertisement, which is an exact copy of the original spelling, capitalization, etc.; "By order of the Post-Master General of North America: These are to give Notice, That on Monday night, the Sixth of this Instant, December, the Western Post, Between Boston and New York, sets out at once' a Fortnight the Three Winter Months of December, January and Februarv. and to 20 Alternately ' from Boston to Saybrook and Hartford to Exchange the M-iyles of letters with the New York Ryder on Saturday night the 11th Currant. And the second turn He sets out at Boston on Monday Night the 20th Current to meet the New York Ryder at Hartford on Saturday night the 25th Current to Exchange Mayles. And all persons that send Letters irom Boston to Connecticut from and after the 13th Instant are Hereby Notified to first pay the Postrates on the same." Colors in the Hainan Eye. It has been conclusively proved that women have a larger proportion of brown eyes than men. if in parents the mother has blown eye3 and the father blue, the chances are eighty-eight to twelve tuat toe gins 01 me iamuy mu be brown-eyed, the percentage in favor of the boys having blue eyes being seventy-two to twenty-eight. If the parents have eyes of like color, the chances in favor of the children, both male and female, having: eyes of the same color is ninety-two to eight. Candolle, the investigator, says that the health of dark-eyed persons is much superior to that of the light or blue-eyed type.?St. Louis Republic. Who's Alraid. . >. ,, a. The Hooster?' lOb, you can Janghr but if you'll just train dowu to my size, I'll break your neck for you.''?Life.