University of South Carolina Libraries
&ev.1b. talmage. (THK BROOKLYN DIVINE'S SUNDAY SERMON. ) Subject: "The Importance ot Sacred * Music." 6 * Text: "His brother's name teas Jubal; was the father of all such as handleihe harp and organ."?Genesis Ir., 21. ' Lamech had two boys, the one a herdsman ?nd the other a musician. Jubal, the younger son, was the first organ builder. He started the first sound that rolled from .the wondrous instrument which has had so .much to do with the worship of the ages. But what improvement has beer made untder the hands of organ builders such as Bernhard, Sebastian Bach and George Hogarth and Joseph Booth and Thomas Roojohn, clear on down to George and Edward Jardine of our own day. I do not fwonaer that when the first organ, that we iread of as given in 757 by an emperor of the east to a king of France, sounded forth its Yull grandeur a woman fell into a delirium Irora which her reason was never restored. Tho majesty of a great organ skillfully jplayed is almost too much for human endurjtmce, but how much the instrument has done 4n the re-enforcement of divine service it will take all time and all eternity to celebrate. Last April when we dedicated this church to the service of Almighty God our -organ was not more than half done. It has now come so near completion that this mornling t preach a sermon dedicatory of this [mighty throne of sacred sound. It greets the eye as well as the ear. Behold this mountain of anthems! This forest of hosannahs! Its history i6 peculiar. ; The late Mr. George Jardine recently made <a tour of the organs of Europs. He cath ered up in his portfolio an account of ail the excellences ui ue iouunucu iuou ujujum V? music on the other side of the Atlantic and *11 the new improvements, and brought bacii ;that portfolio to America, declaring that [Brooklyn Tabernacle should have the full advantage of all be had obtained, and although ;ke did not live to carry out hie idea, his son, Mr. Edward Jardine, has introduced into this great organ all those improvements and .'grandeurs, and while you hear this organ you hear all that is notable in the organs of Lucerne and Fribourg and Haarlem and St. Paul and Westminster Abbey, and other great organs that have enraptured the world. In it are banked up more harmonies than X can describe, and all for God and the lighting of the soul toward Him. Its four banks of keys, its one hundred and ten stops and appliances, Its four thousand five hundred and ten pipes, its chime of thirty-seven beUs, its cathedral diapson and pedal double diapson, its song trumpet and night horn and vox humana, all, all, we dedicate to God and the soul. It will, I believe, under thedivine blessing lead uncounted thousands into the kingdom. Its wedding marches, its thanksgiving anthems, its requiems will sound after all the voices Kof tnllAur if frt-Hiir oKq11 Knrfl minty thftif last song. To God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost we dedicate it! There has been much discussion as to music was born. I think that at the beginning, when the morning stars sang together, and all the suns of God shouted for Joy, that the earth heard the echo. The cloud on which the angels stood to celebrate the creation was the birthplace of song. 'Inanimate nature is full of God's stringed and wind instruments. Silence itself?perfect silence?is only a musical rest in God's .great anthem of worship. Wind among the leaves, insects humming in the summer air, _the rush of billow upon beach, the ocean far jOUt sounding its everlasting psalm, the bobolink on the edge of the forest, the quail .whistling up from the grass, are music, i On Blackwell's Island I heard coming from a window in the lunatic asylum a very sweet song. It was sung by one who had |Iost her reason, and I have come to believe [that even the deranged and disorded elements of nature would make music to our lear, if we only had acuteness enough to (listen. I suppose that even the sounds in jnaturc that are discordant and repulsive gnake harmony in God's ear. You know phat you may come so near to an orchestra jthat the sounds are painful instead of pleasurable, and I think we stand so near devastating storm and frightful whirlwind we vcumuu urar luuu nuigu iiianoa w uwa ear and the ear of the spirits above us A music as complete as it is tremendous, i The day of judgment, which will be a day of uproar and tumult, I suppose will bring no dissonance to the ears of those who can calmly listen; although it be as when some great performer is executing a boisterous Slece of music, he sometimes breaks down tie instrument on which he plays, sq it may ;be on that last day that the grand march of God, played by the fingers of thunder and .earthquake and conflagration, may break idowu tue world upon whic i the music is execute!. Not only is inanimate nature full of music, but God has wonderfully organized the human voice, so that in the plainest throat and lungs there are fourteen direct muscles which can make over sixteen thousand different sounds, and there are thirty indirect muscles which can make, it has ,been estimated, more than one hundred and seventy-three millions of sounds! Now, I say, when God has so constructed the human voice, an(d wheu he has tilled the whole earth with harmony, and when he ? : J u T AV IU mo au^iuuw wuijjic, M. uaio c* right to come to the conclusion that God loved music. I propose this morning, in setting apart this organ for sacred us?, to speak about sacred music; first showing: you its importance and then stating soma of the obstacles to its advancement. * l draw the first argument for the importance of sacred music from the fact that God commanded it Through Paul He tells us to ac!moni6h one another in psaltns and hymns and spiritual songs, and through David He cries out, "Sing ye to GoJ, all ye kingdoms of the earth." And there are hundre is of other passages I might name proving that it is as muca a man's duty to ?tag as it is his duty to pray. Indeo.i, I think there are more commands in t :e Bible to sing than there are to pray. i God not only asks for the human voice but for instruments of music. He asks for the cymbal, and the harp, and the trumpot, as well as the organ. And I suppose tnat in the last days of the church, the harp, the lute, the trumpet and all the instruments of 'music, whether they have been in the service of righteousness or sin will bo brought by their masters and laid down at the feet of Christ, and then sounded in the church's triumph, on her way from suffering into glory. "Praise ye the Lord!'' Praise Hitr with your voices. Praise Him with stringed instruments and with organs. T ilraw another argument for taa imDort anee of this exercise from the impressivenesof this exercise. You know something of what secular music ha* achieved. You know it has made its impression oa governments, upon laws, upon literature, upon whole generations. One inspiring national air is worth thirty thousand men as a standing army. There comes a time in the ' battle when one bugle is worth a thousand muskets. I have to tell you that no nation or church can afford to severely economise la music. Many of yon arc illustration* of wlmt sacred song can do. Through It you were brought into the kingdom of Jer.m Christ You s%x>d out against the argument and the warning of the pulpit, bus when, in the gwect words of Isaac VVatta or Charles Wesley or John Newton or Toplady, the love of Jesus was sung to your soul then you surrendered, as armed castle that could not be taken by a host lifts it? window to listen to a harp's thrill. There was a Scotch soldier dying in New Orleans, and a Scotch minister came in to give him the consolations of tho Gospel. The man turned over on his pillow and said, "Don t talk to me about religion." Then the Scotch minister began to sing a familiar hymn of Scotland that was composed by David Dickenson, beginning with the words: Oh. mother, rtov -Torunlem. When shall I coaia to thac? He san? it to the tune of "Dun-Joe," an l every body in Scotlanl knows that; and as he began to sing the flying soldier turnei over on his pillow, and sai l to the minister: "Where did you leara that?" "Why,''replied the minister, "my mother taught me ?hat " "So.did mine," said thodying Scotch pold er; and the very foundation of his he*rt was upturned, and then and there he yielded himself to Christ. Oh, it has an irresistible power. Luther's sermons have been forgotten, but his "Judgment Hymn" sings on through the ages, and will keep oa singin? i antil the blast of the archangel's trumpet shall bring about that very day which the hymn celebrates. I would to God that those who hear me to-day woulJ ta'te these songs of salvation as messages from heiven; for just as certainly as the birds brought food to Elijah by the brook Cherith, so these winged harmonies, God sent, ara flying to your soul with the bread of life. Open your mouths and take it, O hungry Elijahs! In addition to the inspiring music of our own day we have a glorious inheritance of church psalmody which has come down fragrant with the devotions of other generations?tunes no more worn out than they were when "our great-grandfathers climbed up on them from tha church pew to glory. Dear old souls, how they used to sing! When they were cheerful, our grandfathers a&d grandmothers used to sing "Colchestar." when they were very meditative, then the board meeting-house rang with "South Street" and "St. Edmonds." Were they struck through with great tenderness they sang "Woodstock." Were they wrapped ia "alias of the glory of the church, they sang **' " ? :*V "Z.ion." v> ere taey overoorutj wim kj?o and glory of Christ, they sang "Ariel." And in those days there were certain tunes married to certain hymns, and they have live! in peace a great while, thess two old people, and we have no right to divorce them. ' What God hath joined together let no man put asunder." But how hard-hearted we must be if ail the sacrcd music of the part, and all the sacred music of the present does not start us heavenward. I have also noticed the power of sacred song to soothe pertubation. You may have come in here this morning with a great many worriments and anxieties, yet, perhaps, in the singing of the first hymn, Vou lost all those worriments and anxieties. You have read in the Bible of Saul and how he was sad and angry, and how the boy David C3tnein and playeJ the evil spirit out of him. A Spanish king was melancholy. The windows were all closed. He sat in the darkness. Nothing could bring him forth until Faraneli came and discoursed music three or four days to him. On the fourth day he looked up and wept and rejoiced, and the windows were thrown open, and that which all the splendors of,the court could not do the power of song accomplished. If you have anxieties and worriments, try this heavenly charm upon them. Do not sit down on the bank of the hymo, but plunge in, that the devil of care may be brought out of you. It also arouses to action. A singing church is always a triumphant church! If a congregation is silent during the exercise or partially silent, it is the silence of death. If when the hymn is given out, you hear the faint bum of here and there a father and mother in Israel, while the vast majority are silent, that minister or Uarise wno 13 presiuin? needs to have a very strong constitution if he does not get the chills. He needs not only the grace of God, but nerves like whalebone. It is amazing hove some people, who have voice enough to discharge all their duties in the worid, when they come into the house of God have no voice to discharge this duty. I really believe that if the church of Christ could rise up and sing as it ought to sing, that where we have a hundred souls brought into the kingdom of Christ there would be a thousand. But I must now speak of some of the obstacles in the way ot the advancement of this sacred music, and the first is that it has been impressed into the service of superstition. I am far from believing that music ought always to be positively religious. Refined art has opened places where music has been secularized, and lawfully so. The drawing room, the musical clut>, the orchestra, the concert, by the gratification of pure taste, and the production of harmless amusement, and the improvement of talent, have become great forces in the advancement of our civilization. Music has as much right to laugh in Surrey gardens as it has to pray in St. Paul's. In the kingdom of nature we have the glad fifing of the wind as well as the long meter psalm of the thunder; but while all this is so, every observer has noticed that this art, which God intended for the improvement of the ear, and the voice, and the head, and the heart, has often been impressed into the service of false religions. False religions have depended more upon the hymning of their congregations than upon the pulpit proclam ation of their dogmas. Tartini, the musical composer, dreamed one night that Satan snatched from his hand an instrument and played upon it something very sweet?a dream that has often been fulfilled in out day, the voice and the instruments that ought to have bean devoted to Christ, cap tured from the church and applied to purposes of superstition. Another obstacle oas been an inordinate fear of criticism. The vast majority of people singinz in church never want anybody else to hear them sing. Everybody is waitin? for somebody else to do his duty. If w< all sang, tnen the inaccuracies that are evident when only a few sing would not bi heard at all; they would be drowned out God only asks you to do as well as you can, and then, if you get the wrong pitch, or keep wrong time, He will forgive any deflciencj of the ear and imperfection of the voice. Angels will not laugh if you should lose youl place in the musical scale, or coma In at tli< close a bar behind. There are three schools of singing, I am told?the German school, the Italian school and the French school of singing. Now, 1 would like to add a fourth school, and that | is tne scnooi 01 i^nrisc. iae voice 01 a con> trite, broken heart, although it may notb? able to stand human criticism, makes battel music to God's ear than the most artistic performance when the heart is wanting. J Know it is ea.si?r to preach on this than it ii to practice, but I sine for two reasons?first, because I like it, and next, because I want to encourage those who do not know how. 1 have but very little faculty in that direction, yet I am resolved to sing. God has com manded it, and Idare not be silent. Hecalli on the beasts, on the cattle, on the dragoni to praise Him, and we ought not be benind the cattle and the dragons. Another obstacle that has been in the wa? of the advancement of this holy art has been the fact that there has been so much angry discussion on the subject of music. There are those who would have this exercise conducted by musical instruments. In the same church there are those who do not like musical instruments, and so it is organ and no organ, and there is a fight. In another churcii it is a question whether the music shall be condncted by a precentor or by a drilled choir. Some wtoit a drilled choir and some want a preceator, and there 18 a Thftn t.hara ara fKrvoa like in the church to have the organ played in a dull, lifeless, droning way, while there are others who would have it wreathed into fantastics, branching out in jets and spangles of sound, rolling and tossing in marvelous convultions, as when, in pyrotechnic display, after you think a piece is exhausted, it breaks out in wheels, rockets, blue lights and serpentine demonstrations. Some would have the organ played in almost inaudible sweetness, and othars would hare it full of staccato passages that make the audience jump, with great eyes and hair on end. as though by a vision of the Witch of Endor. Anl he who tries to please all will fail in everything. Nevertheless, you are to admit the fact that this contest which is going on, not in hundreds, but in thousands of the churches of the Cnitc I States to-day, is a mighty hindrance to the alvancoment of this art. In this way scores of churches are entirely crippled as to a"l influence, and the music is a damage rath?r than a praise. Another obstacle in ths aivancj-nsnt o? this art has o.-en the erroneous notion that this part of the service CDuld b3 conducted by delegation. Churcaes have said: "Oh, what an easy time we shall have. This minister will do the preaching, the choir will do the singing an i we will have nothing to do." 1 And you know as well as I that there area 1 great multitude of chur^hcs all through this , land, where the people are not expected to sing, the whole work is done by delegation of four or six or ten prrsons an i the audience are silent. In such a church in Syracuse an old older persijfed in singing, and so the choir appointed a committee to go and ask the squira if he would not stop. You know that in a groat multitude of churches the choir are expected to do all the singing, and the great rrm<re of the people are expected to b9 silent, and if you utter your voice you ara interfering. There they stand, the four, with opera glass dandling at their side, sln^inj, "Rock of Ages, Cleft for Me," with the same spirit that the night before, on tho stage, tney took their part in the "Grand Duchess" or "Don Giovauni." My Christian friends, have we a right to delegate to others the discharge of this duty whicn God demands of us? Suppose that four wood thrushes should propose to do all the singing some bright day when the woods are ringing with blra voices. It is decided that four wood thrushes shall do all the sinking of the forest. L^t all the other voices keep silent. How beautifully the four warble! It is really fine music. But how long will you keep the forest, still t Why, Christ would come into that forest and look up as He looked through the olives, anl Ho would wave His hand and say, "Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord," and, keeping time with the strokeof innumerable wings, there would be five thou sand bird voices leaping into the harmony. Suppose this delegation of musical per formers were tried in heaven; suppose tha four choice spirits shoull try to do the sing ing of the upper temple. Hush, now, throne; and dominions and principalities. David be still, though you wera '"the sweet singei of Israel." Paul! keep quiet, though yoi have come to that crown of rejoicing. Rich ard Baxter! keep still, though this is th "Saint's Everlasting Rest." Four spirits nov do all the singing. But how long woul< heaven be quiet? How long? "Hallelujah!1 would cry some glorified Methodist from un derthe altar. "Praiso tha Lordl" woult sing the martyrs from among the thrones "Thanks be unto (rod who giveth us the vie tory 1" a great multitude of redeemed spirit would cry. Myriads of voicss coming into the har mony, and the one hundred and forty anc four thousand breaking forth into one accla ination. Stop that loud singing! Stop! Oh, do, thev cannot near me. iou mignt as wej try to drown the thunder o? the sky, or beal back the roar o? the sea, for every soul it heaven has resolved to do its own singing Alas! that we should have tried on eartl that which they cannot do in heaven, anc instead of joining all our voices in the praiss of the most high God, delegating perhaps this mo3t solemn and most delightful ser vice. Now, in this church, we have resolvec upon the plan of conducting the music by or gan and cornet. We do it for two reasonsone is that by throwing the whole responsi bility upon the mass of tho people, makin; the great multitude the choir, we migh rouse more heartiness. The congregatlor coming on the Sabbath day feei that the} cannot delegate this part of the great serv ice to any one else, and so they themselva assume it. We have had a glorious congre gational singing here. People have com many miles to hear it. They are not sun about the preaching, but thev can alway depend on the singing. We nave heard th sound coming up like "the voice of man; waters," but it will be done at a better rat after awhile, when we shall realize the height and the depth, and the immensity of thi privilege. I forgot to state the other reason why w adopted this plan. That is, we do not wan any choir quarrels. You kiiow very we! that in scores of churches there has beei perpetual contention in that direction. Thi only church fight that ever occurred unde my ministry was over a melodeon, In in; flret settlement. Have you never been ii church on the Sabbath day and heard th choir sing, and you said, "That is splendli incsic." The next Sabbath, you were it that church, and there was no choi at all. Whv? Tha leader was mac or his assistants were mad, or the were all raai together. Some of th choirs are made up of our best Christiai people. Some of the warmest friends I hav ever had stool up in them, Sabbath afte Sabbath, conscientiously and successfully leading the praises of God. But the majorit" of the choirs throughout the land are no made up of Christian people, and three fourths of the church fights originate in thi organ loft. I take that back aud say nine tenths. A great many of our churches ar dying of choirs. We want to rouse all our families to th duty of sacred foag. We want each famil' of our congregation to be a singing school Childish petulance, obduracy and intracta bility wouM bo soothed if we had more sing ing in the household, and then our little one would be wepired for the great congrega tion on the S^obath day, their voices unitin; with our voices in the praises of the Lord. After a shower there are scores of streair that come down the mountain side wit voices rippling and silvery, pouring in or river and then rolling in united strength 1 the sea. So I would bave all the families i our church Gend forth the voice of prayer an praise, pouring it into the great tide of publ worship that rolls on and on to empty inl the great, wide heart of God. Never can v have our church sing as it ought until ot families sins; as they ought. There will be a great revolution on th subject in all our churches. GJod will con down bj His spirit and rouse up the oi hymns and tunes that have not been mo; than holt awake ainca the time of our gram fathers. The silent pews in tho church wi break forth into music, and when the coi ductor takes his place on the SabbaAh da there will be a great host of voices rushin into the harmony. My Christian friends, ; we have no taste for this service on eartl what will we do in heaven, where they a sing, and sing forever? I want to rouse you to a unanimity i Christian song that Has never yet been e: hibited. Come, now! clear your throai and get readv for this duty or you will neve hear the end of this. I never shall forge hearing a Frenchman sing the ".Morsei laise" on the Champs Elysees, Paris, jui before the battle of Sedan in 1S70. I nev< saw such an enthusiasm before or since. A he sung that national air, ohl howj tt Frenchmen shouted! Have you ever in a English assemblage heard the band pla "God Save the Queen ?' If you have, yo know something about the enthusiasm ( a national air. r rplT rnn f.h-f Sabbath b7 Sabbath are the national airs c Jesus ChriRfc and of the kingdom of heavec and if you do not learn to sing them here how do you ever expect to Mng the song o Moses and the Lamb? I should not be sui prised at all if Rose of the best anthems o aeaven were made up of some of the bes songs oh earth. May Gpd increase our rev erence for Christian psalmody, and keep u from disgracing it by our iualfiference an< frivolity. When Cromwell'3army went intx battle, he stood at the head of them one day and gave out the long meter doxolozy to th tune of the "Old Hundredth," and that grea host,company by company, regiment byrezi ment, battalion by battalion, joined in th doxoiogy: " , PratM God from whom all blessing flow, Praise Him, all creators* nere below; Praiae Him above, ye beivealy boet, Pralae Fatcer, Son and Uo>y UhoeL ' And while they sang they marcheJ, ani while they marcned they fought, and whil they fought they got the victory. Oh, mei and women of Jesus Christ, let us go into al our conflicts singing the praises of God, ant then instead of falling back, as we often do from defeat to defeat, we will be marchin; on irom victory to Victory. Glory to the Father and to the Son and t the Holy Ghost, as it was in the beginning is now and ever shall be, world without end Amen. The Medical Record titters a timeh protest against the enormously preva lent and very injurious habit of smok ing cigarettes and inhaling the smoke "The seriousness lies not alone in th< fact that it involves a steady absorp tion of poison but in the utter hope lessuess of the habit and the entire in ability of the indulger to give it up, In this respect it resembles with pain ful similarity the opium habit. Suet is the experience of the writer, corrob orated by the testimony of othei physicians." Any such drug habil which exercises a power of progreasiv? paralysis upon the will, should nevei be begu u. That is the only safety. Bome time since It was discovered that certain insurance companies hat added sun stroke to the causes o death, a list of which is printed in ver; small type in their ] olicies, for whicl they will not be responsible. Now i company has placed asphyxiation ii the same list. There is no reason fo: the exception of either ailment fron the operation of the policies and it i simply a bit of sharp practice whicl tde courts should rebuke at the firs opportunity. The Chinaman could not be blame< if he were to drive every foreigne from China and forever exclude them We should not be sorry to see him di so. The world would not be half s< interesting if it were thoroughly known. "With China looked up, ther would be one considerable part of i always a mystery, about which w could spin as many romances as w chose, and tell stories that would pu i the horse marines to shame. -- .. .. .i-.-x ; SABBATH "SCHOOL I INTERNATIONAL LESSON FC OCTOBER 11. 3 ' I r ! Lesson Text: "Christ Foretelling 1 i j Death"?John *11., 20-30? ~ Golden Text: John xli., y 32?Commentary. i 'I 20. "And then thero were certain Gre i ntnone them that came up to worship at 1 ; feast.'' A special prayer for such of th . as should come from a far country for i 3 Name's sake is recorded in I Kings viii., 43. The least spoken of was the paaso' (verse 1), that one concerning whicn Jet I said that He greatly desired it (Lv vii., 15). These Greeks were either Grec Jews (Acts vi., l),or proselytes to the Jew; j faith (Acts xi., 10). who had come up to t tend this great annual festival. t 21. "Thesame came therefore to Phi] which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and j -ired him. saying, Sir, we would see Jesu 1 They shall not be disappointed who sinc , ly desire to see Jesus. | 22. "Philip cometh and telleth Andn . and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesu It seems a round-abqut way to come to Je j even through the beat of peopla There no necessity for any one to come b9twi Jesus and even thfe worst of sinners, for . says "Come unto Me all ye;" and th * whose sins are as scarlet are entreated "Come, now, and let us reason togeth J (Matt, xi., 28; Isa. i., 18); and to all the r surance is given that no one shall on a . onqiHorwtinn he turned awav (John vi.. J ! *23. "And Jesus answered* them, sayl The hour is come that the Son of X should be glorified." The middle wall partition between Jew and Gentile is ab< to be broken down by His death so soon be accomplished (Eph. ii., 14), and tl would the Gentiles be fellow heirs, and ' the same body and partakers of His prorr . in Christ by the Gospel (Eph. iii., 6). J 24. "Verily, verily, I say unto you, < cept a corn of wheat fall into the grou and die, it abideh alone; but if it die, t bringeth forth much fruit." Any child < understand the illustration, and knows vi that a graiD of corn will remain only a s gle grain unless it is planted in the ear but if planted, and there is a harvest, the many ears and the hundreds of grains ? each ear. 25. "He ihatloveth his life shall lose ^ ond he that bateth his life in this wo . shall keep it into life eternal." Self-ren r nation is the only scriptural rule of li I I Jesus emptied Himself; made Himself of ' reputation; pleased not Himself; sought : J His own will; though rich became poor a us, and was content to be off and have no e ir.g, that in resurrection power and gl< r He might have all things. Only those v ? ?re willing to follow Him, denying self t ? daily taking *up His cross, can expect J! <?hare His glory with Him. K 26. "If any man serve Me, let him foil 3 Me; and where I am, there shall also H servant be; If any man serves Me, him i a My Father honor." If we follow Him His humiliation we shall in duo time sh His glory. "If we suffer with Him, wo si ? reign with Him" (II Tim. ii., 12.) r 27. "Now is my soul troubled; and w shall I say't Father save me from this he * * * but; for tjjjg cause came I unto 1 |s hour." He realized the agonies that w before Him; not so much the physical suf ~ ing did He dread as the soul agony wh no mortal can conceive, yet fie goes I (S olutely forward. He will finish His wc h and "He shall see the travail of His soul J be satisfied (Isa. liii., 11). jq 28. "Father, glorify Thy name. T] in came there a voice from heaven saying 1(j have both glorified it, and will glerifj |c j again." This is the third time that a vi io I from heaven spako with Him (Math. ' *~ ?- - " - l rg If ^ X VII ,, i)J. IJlO UiVTUya piccuua vuo ? avi ir and the Father always heard Him (chaj viii., 29; xi., 42). When we seek in all thi jj only the glory of God, then we may h la the consciousness of pleasing Go 1 and kr [j that He always hears us (chapter xv., re- xvi., 20, 27, Heb. xuL, 15, 16). 29. "The people therefor that stood by J* heard it, said that it thundered; and otl ** ) said. An angel spake to Him." The pe< I heard a noise, but not the words. The v 7 of God is to multitudes nothing more t % an indistinct rumbling sound, with no " ciflcence. Even to many who profess t< ? . His people the plain words of His book s to have no meaniag. 30. "Jesus answered and said, This v 11 came not because of He. but for your sak So also at the grave of Lazarus He pra for sake of those who stood by, 1 ir thai* mjcrhf. h?iipvA that the Father sent 1 J XMWJ '"'f) " v ? I (chapter xi., 42). In our daily life there * always some standing or sitting by, or 1< r on, to whom we may by word and c )r testify of Jesus, and that lie seut us. wo careful so to do? ? 31. "Now is the judgment of this wo now shall the prince of this world ba < T Tut." The devil is called the prince, and j. fod of this world, and the whole worli said to lie in the wicked one (chapter x 80; vxi, 11; II Cor. iv., 4. John, v., 19 5 V.). He was once in the truth (viii., 44), fell; he is now the prince of the power of II air (Eph. ii., 2); soon he 3hall be cast dc Jl to the earth, then shut up in tna bottom pit for 1000 years, after which he will I cast into the lake of fire prepared for L and his angels (Rev. xii., 5; xr., 2, 3, Math, xxv., 41). Judgment has been pa * upon him; it is only the execution of the j tence that is delayed. But the time is and it shall come. 32. "And I, if I be lifted up from ' earth, will draw all men unto Me." t next verse says that this refers to the n ner o' His death. "As Mosea lifted up 9 serpent in the wilderness, even so must Son of Man be lifted up, that whosoever lieveth in Him should not perish but h eternal life" (chapter iii., 14). It is not K.,?- rloafh lUt) WJ UO lluiuavcut wu>- vtvwvM ? stead that draws us to Him; then by 3 Spirit in us we are able in some measur e live His life. 2 3.J. 'This He said, signifying what d< 11 He should die.'' That He was not t< i ?toned to death, but should die by cruci ion, was foreshown in the ritual of the p j over lamb, not a bone of which was to broken (Ex. xii., 40), and was foretold in 5 xxii., 16, "They pierced My hands and feet." * 8*1. "The peoplo answered Him, We b beard out of the law that Christ abic forever, and how say est Thou, The So: . J Man must be lifted up? Who is this Soi ' Man?' They evidently understood the of Man to be the Christ, and they also s , to have understood that being lifted up mc death, but they had not received the tri concerning the death and resurrection i their Messiah which they might have r in their law in the story of Isaac, or ia typical two birds use 1 at the cleansing the leper, or in the plain statements of xvi., 9, 10; Isa. liii., 10. 35. "Then Jesus said unto them. Yet a tie while is the light with you. Walk w! ye have the light lest darkness come u j you, for he that walketh in darkness kn eth not whither he goeth." Light is first and last and constant nee I. aad t r Light is Jesus Himself. But "The go:l ^ this world hath blinded thj minds o: t!i which believe not, lest taj light or toe g } ious gospel of Christ, who is the imaje r God, should shine unto them" (II Cor. 4). 3<J. "While ye have light believe in light, that ye may be the children of lij 1 These thiugs spake Jesus and departel, j did hide Himself from them." Children darkness and children of light are the ' classes in the whole world. Geu. i., 2. r scribes the condition of every soul outsidt . Christ?"Without form and void, and ly in darkness," but when the word of < i finds an entrance then there is light j life, and no need of any further darknes f Lesson Helper. l ? 3 It seems as though many of the 1 cently published stories of Rusj ' cruelty toward the unhappy Jews that country must be exaggerated it hardly seems possible that eve 1 semi-civilized nation would per r Buch atrocities. Of course it is \ . known that the Russian Governm o has been guilty of great oruelty i ) inhumanity in dealiDg with those j t pie, but that it would be a partj e such barbarities as recently repor t from Boston is almost too much to e lieve. If there ia any such thing e retributive justice, the brutal Rom t offs should be made to feel it, and the fullest measure. RELIGIOUS READING. )R THE KrNG I.V HIS BEAUTY. I wandered, one night, in spirit To the land that is far away. The earth was sleeping in darkness, lis But my path was as light as day. I passed through the pearly portals, And entered the heavenly fold, 'Slid a host of angel welcomes T o?aai1 nn fho urropf Af CrtlH. ets I took my place in glory the With the happy white-robed throng, ese While tiie golden bells of Heaven Rid Rang out the glad new song. 41- Cut fairer than all the brightness srer I saw in that radiant place, t sua Was the sight of "the King -nd His beauty,'' ike As I saw Him face to face. ian ish And sweeter than all the music at- That angel choirs could sing. Was the well-known voice of Jesus, lip, llv own Redeemer, Kine. I de- * v g>? Bring the great of every nation jr'a. All treasure rich and'rare, Heaven would not be heaven 5W) Without my Jesus there, a," ?[Katie A. Clarke, sus is WHAT EitAYER CAN DO. *?n There was once a colored woman who used 110 to sit in one corner of the gallery on the Sab??? bath and single out some young man as he J? came in at the door, and pray for him till ^ she saw him come forward to join the church. Then she dropped him and singled out another, and prayed for him in like man,7'* ner till she witnessed a similar result. Then PS' she dropped him and took a third, and so on, ~ till at the end of twenty years she had seen ?* twenty young men join themselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant; young men 110 with whom she had no personal acquaint* ^ | ance whatever. This fact was disclosed to | ner paaior on ner aeaia oeu. ex- GOP SO LOVED THE WORLD. ^ ''He certainy is a most generous man. He 11E has given twenty thousand dollars to tbe ;a? work of foreign missions. It's one of the r.?* most magnificent gifts ever received." th quite so," was the answer. "I know of at least one more generous giver." 860 ''Really? Well, I was loosing through 011 the reports of the last few yea*s, and I saw ., nothing like that on the donation list." ''No; the gift to which I allude ha9 not na appeared in print, and will be known by JiQ" very few except the Lord. The o^her day I lte* was calling on a friend of mine, a very aged n? man, who told me. with tears ruuning down Jj?oC his cheeks, that his only son was alibut to *?r leave him for missionary work In a far-away land. The father had discovered that the young man felt called of God to such service, but was tarrying at home for bis sake. 'How l?a could I keep him back?' said the old man. w 'I had prayed nearly ail my life. "Thy kingdom come;" "Send forth laborers intoTby harvest;" and with all the pain of parting with my boy, in the certainty I should never . see him again on earth, there is a deep joy in aJ_n giving him up for Christ's sake.'" tall THE MYSTERIES OF LIFE. hat xhe great human duties are prayer and ,ur. work: Prayer for every needed blessing. and work to realize it; prayer, as though ere God must do the whole, and work as though F.er" we muBt do it all ourselves. These are the ich two D0]e8 of the ereat galvanic battery. But res- i who that waits To know the philosophy of j answered prayer will ever pray? And who ind that waits to be sure there shall be no mistake, will ever work? The hand that beckons us to glory waves at us out of impenetrable } clouds. We walk in a way we know not. r it "vve ]abor for our Master, but never know 3jc9 beforehand which shall prosper, whether this "i-i or that. We lay wise plans, and they 16r. miscarry. We comipit gross blunders, ana >ter they are overruled for good. We run nSs | towards the light. and it goes out in darkavo I ness. We sink shivering into the darkness, iow amj f)nd it light. We pray for joys, and ? ! thgy mildew into criefs. We accept the I griefs, arid they blossom into ioys. Today an'* I the apple turns to ashes, and tomorrow the ie^s stones are bread. We exult in some pros>Ple ! perity. and get leanness with it. We muroica mur Lt some adversity, and find it big with han I blessing. We run towards open doors, and S'S* dash our head against a granite wall. We J be | move against that wall at the call of 66111 j duty, and it opens to let us through. I The lines of our lives are all in Gogla , hands. What shall befall us, we cannot know. What is expedient, we cannot teil Only this we know, that God would shape toat U3 to himself, whether it would be b* dis1:11111 cipline of joy or the discipline of sorrow. To af? make U3 perfect as lie is perfect, this is the end of all bis revelations; while everything leed j DOt helpful to this he hid?s away out of Are . our light. Verily, "the secret things belong I unto the Lord our God; but those things rid; wrhi/Oi nVf> romnlprl helnne unto us and to ;ast | our children forever, thnt we may do as the I*10 ; words of this law." Partial revelation,then, ? 13 is the method,*and obedience to the end.? [Roswell D. Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D. i " but the the parting of the two ways. >wn Through the prophet Jeremiah the Lord i?j spoke to his people, saying, Behold, I set be.. fore you the way of Life and the way of if? Death. They had their choice between the two. Christ tells us that wide is the gate and 3:5 broad is the way that leadeth unto death 33n' and many there be that go ia thereat. The se{ way is mude alluring by all the pleasures that Satan can invent, to entice travellers to J?9 enter, aDd at first, the traveller is beThB guiled, and gives himself up to the ian"1 ' pleasures the way affords, stopping here tha aU(j tbere to take a sip of the sweets which tho j are found therein, but, alas! they turn to b?- i bitter dregs, and he begins to grow tired of avo i the way. He Is saturated with his allureHIs i ments." The enjoyments are unsatisfactory, ou.r I and hp longs for something more lasting, His ' something more solid upon which to feed, 10 to i something which shall supply the wants of 1 -i t ; ?T vkiAk flr\. 1 koo imnlanto/^ j me aiguer nature nuitu u? iiu1<iuui.vv1 ?th within him, and whicQ refuses to be satis> be j fied. "x~ i Hanpy then the traveller who shall retrace as9" j his steps ere it be too late, and enter the other b0 ; gate, which Christ tells U9 is straight, aud j the way narrow, and few there be that tind My j it. At'the entrance of this gate stands the | cross, and whosoever enters must accept the iav? j cross by faith in him wbo bore their sins in | his own body upon it, and whose blood has not : washed their* garments white; then may they ft ?* j enter in and travel lo the celestial city, for Son , through no other way can the city be &9m j reached. The traveller in this narrow way 'lnt ;D lw dirtVrpnt, siirlits from those that iths j.,y i>er?)rc liini in the broad way. Crowes rise up before hitn as he travels along, '?j but assistance is always near to help him hear tliem, and the unseen gunle is always >p near to aid in every tirue of need. SutTerimr " j lie sees on either hand, and opportunities ... | are given liini to help others and do them '!:* | good, by which he brings a blessing unto his 1:111(3 j own soul, both lasting and satisfying; far Poa I different from whnt the other way brought. ow* | These two ways part at the cross, and we ?ur ' are compelled to make our own choice: we , | must travel one way or the other. Hut let ?r us ever remember that if we chcose the broad, and to human eyes the mo-t alluring '01'" way, we are in danger of reaching that point '. 0 where we cannot return if we would. There 1V-' is a boundary, unseen by mort. 1 eye. fixed by the Creator himself, which, when 5".? i passed, nukes it impossible for tis to > . J return: and we are compelled to go on, A . i down, down, down, until we shall come ' | to the end and find eternal death. Let us ,c ! sec to it that we have entered through the . i new and living way which Christ conse}. j crated for us, and that the cross i< our guMc '<vl of entrance. But if we have been entiivd i.y "x04 the alluring schemes of Satan an>I hi* fuN a_ lowers, and are travel ii;g the broad ami un8" satisfactory way, let u't turn ab^ut. make our way to the* cross, and enter the path whieh ieadeth unto the tree of life ti.at we may Alitor in through ths gates into the city. re> ?[Religious Herald. lian i 0J A Boston combine has put up the t as ' price of kindling wood forty cents a n a : bundle. The first effect of this will mit be that the coal-oil can, the kitchen fell stove, aod the lighted match will coment b"10 ^ pnt up the hired girl ofteuet and tban ?^er before. )eo' to The Sheriff who seized the costumes ted of an "Evangeline company to satisfy be- a judgment would be a good man foi as the sharpers who ojerate in bogus an- building and loan associations to tackle. l in He evidently believes in the possibility of getting something for nothing. i L TEMPERANCE. HEAVY BEXR-DRINKERS SHORT LIVED. It is said that disease of the heart is very prevalent in Munich, where the consumption of beer amounts, on the average, to5d5 litres per bead aonually, and in the same place che duration of life among the brewing trade is shorten than that of tne general population. Whereas the average age attained ,among the latter is 53.5 years, that of alehouse beepers is 51.35 years, and of brewers 42.33 years. The same note adds that for the whole of Germany the annual consumption r?P hoor nor hAAri amounts to 81 litres. but for Bavaria it is 209 litres. "THE INTEMPERANCE BELT." The United States has been called by Dr. Beard "The Intemperance Belt." Here is the birthplace of tne disease inebriety, as distinct from the habit of drunkenness. Here this malady has developed sooner and more rapidly than elsewhere. Here it was first studied. Here inebriate asylums were first established. Here total abstinence societies started, for it was seen that here, at last, no half way treatment availed. No moderate use of liquor is wise where climatic influences have so intensified the feverish rush of life to which racial, social and political factors contribute. RUM ON THE RAIT,. The Locomotive Eny'ineertf Monthly Journal contains the following: "Officers of many of our most important Systems of late have issued very stringent rules with regard to the use of intoxicating liquors. Employes who us* intoxicants to excess, even when off duty, must impair their ability to properly , discharge their duty, and when on service the company may, with absolute propriety, decline to continue to employ them. The rule against the employes of railroad companies drinking intoxicating liquors at all when on duty is one the justice of which cannot be reasonably questioned, as there is scarcely another c.ass of men whose brains should be so clear or nt;ves so steady as the class whose duty makes them accountable for the safe operation of a great steam trans' All rnilrAid man flhnilM I j pui MI11UU OjraroUi. ce absolutely free from the effects of the . drinking habit. Th e railroad employe must have at all times, when on duty, absolute control of his thought and band; both must be steady, alert, sure. It is not only good for the sscurity of the traveling public; it is equally good tor employes whose vocation 'in many branches of the service exposes them to the danger of serious or fatal 'injury . It is worthy of notice that the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers made the sobriety of its members the very cornerstone of its principles, and showed its wisdom by so doing." GIN A3 A CIVILIZES. Gin is the great agent employed for spreading white influence in the' Congo country, and the only successful one. It composes four-fifths of the entire imports of the basin, being made especially for the traffic in Holland, at a cost of about five cents a bottle. Trade gin it is called, and with it are purchased nearly all of the products of that region brought to European markets. It will go ten times further in [ barter than an equal value in cloth. A naI tive will often sell a lump of rubber as big j as he can carry and worth sixty cents a I pound for one bottle of gin. "Cloth is not always negotiable, that imported for trading purposes is of coarse quality and altogether inferior to the fabric?resembling linen in fineness?which the savazes make themselves by plaiting grass. Traders often return to the coast witc tneir goods unsold, because the blacks will not ac! cept cloth, demanding gin, A bottle of gin pays for two days' work. The natives are much addicted to intoxication, and they find that gin makes them drunk quicker than the beverage they compose themselves by fermenting palm sap. Rum goes equally well with them and enormous quantities of it are brought in ships from Boston, which is the main source of supply, together with Testa- I ments and hymn books from the Bible So- i cieties.?Washington Star. THE WORLD'S TEMPERANCE CONGRESS. ' I The Glasgow (3cotland) Reformer, refer- 1 ring to the action of the National Temperance Society in calling a World's Temper-. ance Congress, to be held in Chicago at the' time of tne Columbian Exposition, says: J "The American Temperance Union has dona a notable thing. It has called a World . Congress of temperance men for 1893, and it | bos asKea, ana win uuuuucn , hearty and extensive response to its invita| tion. " There have been Congresses more or | less world-wide in their character, at intervals in the history of the temperance moveI ment, and they have proved of immense benej fit to the cause in many ways. We cannot | help thinking, however, that the one now projected by our American brethren will, on | various accounts, prove of deeper interest, i and more beneficial in its results, than any of its predecessors. It mar saom a" long way ahead to 1893, but it indicates a determination to secure the fullest possible representation of every nationality and every organization on the entire globe. Many who nave to consider the question of traveling thousands of miles, and bein? absent from home for possibly two or three months at a stretch, require to lay their plans and make their arrangements far in advance, and will not consider the date as unnecessarily distant. There will be much to discuss bearing on all the aspects of the question, and by the best intellect that the movement has enlisted. Without doubt tha influence of such a gath ering will be fruitful in results k> ui? wuow world. We venture to express an earnest hope that Scotland will be well represented on the occasion. It has always borne a worthy part in the preat temperance enterprise, and It will not, we are sure, be behind on this great occasion." At a meeting of the Executive Committee of Friends's Union for Philanthropic Labor, held at Sea Girt, N. J.x the following was unanimously adopted; "I. Friends' Union for Philanthropic Labor, representing New York, Baltimore, Ohio? Indiana, and Illinois Yearly Meetings, heartily approves th<? holding of a World's TemperanciS Congreus in Chicago, at the time of the Columbian Exposition, as arranged by the National Temperance Society, in connection with the World's Congress Auxiliary, and will appoiut delegates j thereto. "II. We observe with rau;h regret and apprehension the still widely prevalent use of intoxicants, the increased and increasing production of distilled and fermented liquors, the many and ominous combinations of distillers, brewers, and saloon-keepers in National, State, and local organizations, and we would urge united and vigorous effort on the part of all friends of temperance to discourage injurious social drlnkinz usages, and for the entire suppression of the manufacture and. sale of all alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes." TEMPERANCE NEWS ANT) JfOTES. The Helena (Moat.) W. C. T. U. has put up a fountain costin * -SWA with Hiss Frances Willards uaaie on it. In Nauvoo, 111., a W. C. T. L. was recently organized, and the mother superior of the Catholic convent joined and put on a white ribbon. Consumption of b}er is on the increase all over France, especially in Paris. It has a tendency to m t*e the ordinary gay and lively Frenchman dull and heavy. Miss Frauces Wiilard regards the planting of scientidc temperance education in the public schools of the United States as the grandest achievement yet effected by the temperance crusaders. Brewers in Philadelphia have noticed that wheu there is a prolific yield of fruit there is a great falling off in the consumption oI beer. This is particular/ the case when there is an abundant supply of watermelons. Rev. Sam Jones says: "I un lerstand that by actual mathematics it has been shown that we sen 1 to the heathen countries 13,000 barrels of whisky to one missionary, l'he devil doesn't eare now many missionaries you sen 1, it* you send that ameunt of whisky aloa^ with t.iem." The enforcement ot" tin r*w *nt order of the Lak?? Snore & Michigan Soutirern Railroad, prohibiting railroa I men from frequenting saloons has had th; effect t> close one saloou in EiXharc, In I., wuere ttie Lak) Snore shops are lo?atoJ, an I others complain of a greatly re luce 1 custom. The Loeal Option Leajui of New South Wales states that of the 141 members form| ing tue new parliament seventy-.1vo had pledge I themselvrs support local option without compensation, wjila a lar^e uumj ber declared themselves favorable in reference to local option, but had given no pledge with regard to compensation. sfc . ./ CURIOUS FACTS. % || London has no car tracks. Blondes get seasick much more eaafljf > than brunettes. A fish with two tails is the leading ?rv| curiosity at Madison, 6a. The frigate Philadelphia was da- ^ ^ stroyed by Decatur on February Iff* .r/ig 1804. me uoiumoian mver is bo ciear asiow y water that salmon fishing can only b* ^ successful1 y conducted at night. It is noticed that some of the "docked* * at Newport, R. I., now wear sr- . $5 tiCcial tails to "avert prejudice." It is said to be a peculiarity of the <"$ Chinese that they prefer stale to fredk eggs. They can never poach them,however. , ': Torbot is supposed to be the mo?v^| prolific fish. One of twenty pounds weight contained 14,000,000 egg8* In Africa elephant's tongue and ttwir Ijm are deemed great luxuries, and small wars often arise for possession of a da* parted Jumbo. Trains on the Brooklyn bridge mate faster time (by two miles an hour) than c$j did the first railway train that ran b*tween New York and Albany. The greater number of successive vle-:-"^:^ tones in war in one day were those !& 'r Mexico of General Scott, who had and General Taylor, who had three. The Quadruple Delivery Machine Goo^ pany, just being floated in England,. nffun fftr fxrn r>onta vniir WofoKt k tlAff of sweets and an insurance policy. Th? ; Vlatter, which is for $125, lasts twenty- % one days. The bugs that can elade the ectiw turkey must be very animated creatorca. M A farmer near Garden City, Kan., attacked a column of grasshoppers with..$ seventy turkeys, and was soon master flittho situation. A tree near Manistee, Mich., thirtysix feet in circumference, twelve feet a \ diameter and 175 feet high, trill t^-|a8 blasted with dynamite, as there is no saw that will cut it, and no mill that'll can cut it in boards. School gardens, of which there aw ?f$ more than 8000 in Austria, are beings ^ laid in different parts of Germany. Their object is to give methodical instruction in the cultivation of fruit trees to bt / used in the teaching of botany. There is an immense garden in Chla? v^ that embraces an area of 50,000 squaMv^j miles. It is all meadow land, and filled with lakes, ponds and cinakfc .^ Altogether it is as large as the Statea 0^'||| New York and Pennsylvania combined- ; A woman is responsible for the idea ?i vj| ?2?i ?a# AAAn oa ommnnirfl A# glVlLLg Uiaw ui away ? ?vuTvu?*m one of the cheap baths in Ifow York^ $8 each oae who is willing to invest cents gets the use of a tab and a towaL V<$fj Ongoing away, the renovated one fe pit>* vS sented with a cake of soap. A, pony mare, believed to be aboil' ff | thirty years of age, dropped a foal ' J I cently on the farm of Mr. Nicol, at / . liiackbog, in theFyoie district of Ab?K deenshirc^ Scotland. 80 far as know* '|? aged dam. Both parent &ad offspring ; # are doing well. ^ A valuable bird dog owned by a Grafl?%j Valley (Cal.) man was recently shown f >1r| parrot. He immediately "pointed**'; M when polly marched up in front ofhte ,v, aod said, "Yorrre a raacaL" The torxl? ?Jj tied dog turned tail and ran away, ssd is ruined for hunting, as ha now cannot be induced to "point at any kind at bird. \ An ingenious portrait nag just oeea ,./.i completed of President Oarnot. Tb* ;y| head is composed of hl3 biography, writ- ' tep in minute letters and so shaded m \ to form an excellent likeness; fragment* of his various orations make tke coat and shirt front, while the presidential mas* sage may be read on the corden of Legion of Honor. The Louvre possesses a magnificent .)] mosaic, diicovered in the plains of Tft,*% by M. Ernst Kenan, the famous soholai^ Tx during his tour in Phoenicia. The B0? saic was originally the pavement of 9 i% church dedicated to St. Christopher. XK ft is a beautiful specimen of its kind andt "I valuable addition to the Louvre. Hi % great size hindered it for some time fro* ^ finding a place in the museum. But length it was placed in the Mollien gal> '-f lery, where it now occupies publican tention.. The silk waist of Mollie Stark's wedding dress, now owned by Mary XL J Blanchard of Pcacham, was taken to >:j Bennington. Vt., for exhibition during the celebration. The dress is remark- jsjj ably well preserved, but has, perhaps % changed in color from white to tan or straw hue. An ear jewel, once worn bf the venerable Molley, accompanied tha . waist. The dress, except that the sleeves were too long, was a good fit for ' ? Mullie Stark Childs, the eight year old / daushter of A. P. Childs. Where the Fan Series i&a Neirspapw "While fans have been infuse 'item tht 3s remotest times in many countries, China, in relation to the fan as in relation to 1 jf many other necessary articles of civilize tion, is generally supposed to have bees the first country in which the fan came into general use. In China and Japan it is not only used by the women, but is re- ** garded as indispensable to a man as any article of his attire. There are fans in these countries in all varieties. There are palm leaf fans by the millions, and fans made of rice paper and other ma> t.erials, covered with the most grotesque figures imaginable. The cheapness of the commonest sort of fans in these countries is a marvel to foreigners, some of them selling for not much more than what would be a mill in our currency. Pans are so common and so cheaply produced that .;r they are frequently used as newspapers. On important occasions thousands of them are issued containing printed characters aud pictures in the form of news, libels, political pasquinades and caricatures, and they arc read and commented on with as much excitement as 'extras'* sometimes produce in this country. During the great riots, when the missionaries were attacked in Pekin in 1873, popular fe?liug was raised to a higu pitch by inflammatory pictures on fans, which* were circulated among the multitudes. The first locomotive engine seen in Japan was pictured on fans, which were promptly?so to speak?published by the thousands and seut all over the empire, and in this manner the common people in Japan were made aware of tnc appearance of what was to be so great a factor in civilizing their country.?Commercial Advertiier. . .-.I /