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"' "" JL f SECRET* ALLIANCE WORK. FORMALITY IN OPENING LODGE MEETINGS. Cerctiioiiie* <>1? the lultiiition?4ioo<l Ail vice Shot at 4'!imli<latCM Iroin nil Quarter* The <? ri|?* The Word* Prayer* and Scripture - nalnrA I ({IIOIHIIimi vmu... > (From the New YorkKun.) The Sun Is enabled to lay b?Tore its readers the ritual, the symbols, the grips, the signs of recognition, the dialogues with the grips, the distress sign, and, in fact, all ol the secret paraphernalia of the Farmers Alliance. The information concerning these matters will be ot widespread interest, especial ly to members of Masoulc Institutions ><1 ?n other secret societies. The informa lion did not come voluntarily to me sun. The nature of the secret voyvs of tlie memhers of the Alliance is the strongest evidence of I hut. v In rending the ritual of the Alliance it will lie observed that it is simple. It seems to have been built upon the premises that the members could not necessarllly devote much time to study of Intricate torms. All the question asked by the presiding officers of candidates are direct and simple. Some the answers. This article, however lias most to do with the conduct of the Initiated members. The Sun has not authority to publish the initiatory ceremonies, though these ceremonies urealso of the simplest kind. The first essential feature of the proceedings in a Lodge of Farmers Alliance men is found in the position of its officers. Owing to the great diversity ol shape of the differ ent halls for treeting nu umginm w made that could be followed by all. Hut as near as possible several general rules are followed. The position of the president is In the middle of that part of the hall most remote from the place of entrance. The vicepresident Is at the left and close to the president. The treasurer is on the left of the vice president. The secretary Is on the president's right, and usually midway between the president and the corner of the room. The altar Is iu the exact centre of the room. There Is always a big Bible on the altar. The champlain and lecturer are on opposite sides of the room, the chaplain on the right and the lecturer on the left from the trfslilent. The d<x>rkeeper Is immediately inside the door. The assistant doorkeeper ijfnihhvay between the doorkeeper -? ? whatever vuriallort^Bay HUH UH; be accessary in the postiou ot the differs, there 1b seldom a change ou the part of the president and tlwe doorkeeper. The general instruction guiding the lodges of-the Alliance Insists that candidates who have have been regularly elected to membership may be initiated at a meeting called for that purpose. But the ballot cannot be spread at a called meeting. Application for membership must always be made at a regular meeting. The doorkeeper must not step outside of the door to receive the word, neither may he receive it iu the doorway with the door open. He may not attend any alarm except the correct one, and when that is made headmits the brother * inside the dooi, shuts the door, and receives the word, he reports a wrong alarm, and the president requests me stewuru iu Ku UUi, anil report tlie cause. The doorkeeper may not admit unyone during the opening, Initiatory or closing ceremonies. The vice president has a gavel, and if any member entersor retires without giving him the s?ltiallou sign he gives one rap, calling tne house toorder and reporting the member to the president. The president of the lodge has full charge of the secret work. OPENING OK A MEETING. The form of opening a lodge of the AMInnee Is uninteresting. The following ate the llrst proceedings: President: The hour ha6 arrived for opening this?(The ritual does not say whether the assemblage is a chapter or a lodge) If there be any present who are not members - Rtjindlni?. thov will cil wie uiuci please retire. Brother doorkeeper, please secure the door and admit uo one during the ceremony. The assistant doorkeeper and steward ap proach the president and give the room word. The president, finding them correot, continues: You will now proceed to make up the room word and report it all correct. "Members, when approach, should rise and give life word in a whisper, and when ready to report these otticers advance to the centre of the room, salute the president with a sign of courtesy, announce their report by saying: 'We tlnd all correct,' or 'All correct except'?(naming such as are not correct > and any person not in possession of the word musi be excluded from the room, unless some member will vouch for such person." President: "Let us all join our chaplain in invoking the blessing of Almighty God." The chaplain advances to the altar and leads in prayer. For convenience the follow lng form Is Inserted, to be used by the chap lain or not, as he may choose. "Almighty and Everlasting God in whom Is all power and wisdom, oil which we must depend for everything that we have and are, realize that Thou art omnipotent and omniscient. We adore and worship Thee for Thy power, Thy mercy and Thy love. We sincerely thank Thee for Thy boundless mercy, the many blceslngs Thou hast bestowed upon us, and the redemption offered through Thine only begotten Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We most earnestly beseech Thee that Thou wilt look in mercy upon us, forgive us our sins, and let Thy blessing be shed abroad in our midst We humbly Invoke .? I.? ..II umiIItii nf II fn XIIy Kpiril LUKUIUC UO ... v..~ .. _, and most especially do we Implore Thee to be with us in our deliberations as a body. May we be drawn to euch other In that spirit of fraternity, of love and Justice which Thou wilt bless. May all that we do be for the bettermcut of Immunity and for the honor and glory of Thy great name." President: Vou will now assist me In advancing the signs. 1 now declare this opened and ready for the transaction of business. The next proceedings are always the initiatlonofnew members. The form of Initiation follows: CKKKMONY OK INITIATION. President: Brother Secretary is there any candidate present for initiation ? Secretary: Brother President, I report candidates present seeking admission who have been duly elected. as follows: Presldeut: Tirother Steward, you will now introduce the candidate for initiation. The steward and Canldate approach the door and give any simple alarm. Doorkeeper: There is an alarm at the door, brother president. President: Seek the cause and report. Doorkeeper: A candidate seeking admisoion to oar Order. President: Admit him. The body of the lodge or chapter here sings a stanza of a hymn or any familiar solemn song, while the steward conducts the candidate to a position immediately in front of and fuclng the president. Steward: Brother President, I have the honor to present to you Mr. for Initiation. President: Brother Steward, why does he seek adrftlsslon Into our Order? Steward: Because he desires to aid by every means in his power cur efforts in bclialf of the wealth producers of the land. President: Belore wo proceed It will be necessary that you take 011 yourself a solemn obligation, which I assure you will not conflict with the freedom of your political or religious views. With tills assurance, are you willing to proceed ? candidate: I am. President: Mr. , dayou believe in the existence of a supreme Being who rules and governs all things? Candidate: 1 do. President: Brother Steward, you will ^lace the candidate in the proper position to Tecelve the obligation. The candidate is placed with his left hand 011 the Bible and ins right hand 011 his heart. President: Mr. , you will give your name when I use mine, and repeat after mo ? as follows: I, , in the presence of Almighty God and these witnesses, do solemnly promise and attlrm that 1 will never reveal auy ol the secrets of the Order to any one not entitled to receive the same. I will never, under any circumstances, write, engrave, indite or print, or in any way make any impression, picture or design thai would convey any idea of the secret work, signs or pass words of this Order. I will faithfully support the constitution and the laws of the Order. I will never wrong or defraud or deeel ve a member, nor will i permit It to he done If It be In my power to prevent it. Di my Intercourse with a member 1 will always speak the truth. 1 will not oppose the admission of any one to membership solely on account of a personal matter, nor will I propose any one whom I have any reason Id believe Is an Improper person, or who would be an unworn? member. 1 further solemnly nfflrtn thatstmuld I lie expelled or dismissed from the Order I will talthlullv keep this obligation as sacred out of the Order as when a member, so help me God. President: May God help you to keep and observe this obligation. ? coon A1IVICK TO TIIK CAXIMDATK. l'residcut: My brother, those who s 'round you have all assumed this obllgationand are keeping it inviolate. Yonr usefulness as a member of this Order will depend, upon the fidelity with which yon observe the same. Wc consiitule aeoinnion brotherhood, bound together for our collective and indi viaiiill ocnent. vur iiinis arc nigii, our purposes noble. We aim to elevate man by blending together more Intimately tbe ties of brotherhood and humanity in his social life, thus dissolving prejudic and selfishness in the sunlight of human love. We aim by cultivating the mind to reach a higher degree of intelligence, thereby addlug to the pleasures and relieving the cares and anxieties of life. Man has a mental and moral as well as a physical existence, and both should be equally and fully developed to afford him the greatest degree of enjoyment on this earthly sphere. Our purpose is to exert an influence In opposition to the glaring and shameful vices which degrade mankind, lower him in the scale ot human existence and bring despair and woe to the dearest creatures he has on earth. We are allied together to render the lives ol farmers and laborers more attractive, country life less lonely and more social, and to better our financial condition. My brother, you have a sacred trust to fulfil. You have the honor of the?(meaning the lodge or chapter of the Alliance) and Its principles to guard and defend. My brother, we confidently hope you may ever be found worthy of the high trust reposed lu you. Brother Steward, you will will now conduct the brother to the lecturer for further instruction in the principles of t.he Ordpr. * Steward: Brother Lecturer, by directidR of our president, I present to you Brother for further instruction as to tne duties and responsibilities he assumes in becoming a member of onr Order. Lecturer: My brother, it is with pleasure that I greet you as a coluborer in this important work. The members of this great Order should act together as n unit. You will always! find Uieiu ready to yield obedience to the motto of this Order. "lu tilings essential, u?fty;andin all things, charity," anil you are expected to at once school yourself to a like obedience to this principle. Bouud together by the same bond, having the same interest, seeking to accomplish the same objects, and confronted by thesame evils, we must be controlled by united action. You will henceforth be regarded by the world as a representative of the interests and cliafacter of this great Order. Let your conduct and bearing ever be such that our enemies cannot Justly criticise and that the brotherhood wilt always gladly commend and defend you. Brother Staward, yen conduct the brother to the chaplain for further instructions. Steward : Brother Chaplain, I desire to present to you Brother , that you may impress him with a Just conception ol responsibility to his fellow-man and of his duty to his God. Chanlain ; Mv'brother. truth Is the enitome or all that the great Creator of the Universe demands of me?i. You may sum up your responsibility to your fellow-man, ana your duty to God In the simple truth. Be true to yourself, true to your lamlly, true to the Order, true to your country and true to your <iod. Speak the truth! Live the truth! May the blessing of God attend you and abide with you. Steward conducts the candidate to the president for final Instructions. Steward: Brother President, I present Brother for final Instructions. President: My brother you have now learned that this great Order is founded upon the principles of truth, equity and Justice, and I cull your attention to thejlacl that a strict adherence to these principles will Increase your usefulness as member of this Order and a citizen of this Government. I will now impart, to you the secret work of the Order. J. on wishing to enter the .when at work, you will make an alarm at the door by knocks, when the doorkeeper will open the daor. 2. You will theu advance and give him the door word, which Is * * * 3. You will then advance to near the centre of the room and salute the vice-president with ihe salutation sign, which Is made thus * * On being recognized you will be seated in the ... 4. The room word is * * Tlie degree word Ik * * * 6. The grip Is ? * 7. Dialogue with grip is * * 8. The sigus of the degree are * * * anil are thus explained * * * 1). Sign of recognition * 10. Answer * * * 11. Distress signs and auswers * 12. Test * * * l:t. ('tuition signal * * * 14. The gavel is used by the president to control the in the following manner: One rap calls to order, and seats the officers and members when stand lug: two raps calls the officers and members to their feel. I'realdent: brethren, I now Introduce to you Brother as a member of this and in full fellowship, and cumtnetjd him to your love and esteem. The body may theu appropriately take a few minutes'recess to allow the members to greet and congratulate a new member. KORM OK CLOSING THE I.OIHiK. The president says that if there is no other business the meetiug will close. There is a little music from the piano, or melodeon, or parlor organ, ionoweu. oy a prayer oy mc chaplain. Chaplain: O God, whose mercies are numberless anil the treasure or whoso goodness are infinite, we humble thank Thee for the Kirs Thou hast bestowed upon us. Enlighten our understanding, strengthen our wills, purify our hearts, increase our fraternal love, and make us attentive to nil Thy Inspirations. Guard us against nil evil and all sin. Give us hearts compassionate for the miseries of the poor and distressed. Make us always obedient to Thy holy will. And bring us finally, each and every one of us, to Thy heavenly kingdom through ono Christ, our Lord, t\men. The president Is then assisted In advancing tlie signs of the Order, and ufter that he de ciares the lodge closed until the next meeting. MEANING OK THE THREE STARS. The Sun now tells us what the president means by the three stars which he uses to denote the methods by which the member gains entrance to the lodge and how he can detect his fellow-members and greet them according to tlie formulas set down in the ritual. The three stars sumd pre-eminently for the words! Truth, Unit and Union. When the member Is at the outer door of the lodge and wishes to obtain admittance he gives two distinct knocks with his knnckles and pauses and Immediately follows with aslnglcknock. When the doorkeeper throws open the door, that Is. the outer door, the member whispers in linear these words: "Sustain the Union." That nets him to the second door, which opens directly into the lodge The second sentinel receives the whispered words from the member: "Sustain the Unit." It will be observed in the ritual that If a member does not salute the vice-president on entering or leaving ihe Lodge, he Is called to order. Tills rule is very strictly adhered to. So the member on entering, in carrying out Rule in the programme laid down by the president, as he passes the second sentinel, advances and gives the salutation sign. This sign consists first In crossing the palms ol the hands as the member stands before the president's desk ; second. In placing the right hand over the heart; and third, In the slow movement of the hand from the heart with a sweeping gesture, until it Is In repose at the rlghtside. The member then may sit down with his brothers. When ho retires from the Lodge he must reverse the order of the salutation?that is. he makes the sweeping acknowledgment, puts his right hand over his heart, and then crosses the platns of his hands. The room word and the degree word vary In different lodges, but is usually based on the expressions "Sustain the Union" and "Sustain the Unit." The grip also carriesoul the symbol of three. Tins grip consists In putting the small fin ger between the third and fourth fingers, antl then there Is a shake twice and a pause, anil then one shake. The dialogue with the gri| is: Question : Hello, I ought to know you. Answer: Why so? Question: Why, don't you remember ? Answer: Why? Oh, yes?yes. Some vulgar people in New York mighi suggest that this savors of the bunko dialed used by (irand Central l'ete and Hungrj J oe. SIGNS OK RECOGNITION. The signs of I lie degree are very curious Maybe they are not so strange for the country, but they would certainly tie for the city If an Alliance mail wants to find out wlicthi er he is talking to a brother of the Order Ik causually puts his riglit hand to his throa where his collar button ought to be. It hli auditor Is a brother he quickly responds bj i jamming his right baud to the back of liii neck, where bis back collar button ought t< be. These signs are used by the A fUunci I men at their tea parties and pumpkin bees i and the sharpeyes ol those In the secrets o i the Order, although not members of It, oai see the manipulation on the steps of many i 1 country church. The sign ol' recognition um ' r T tbc answer arc but two of the formulas of ' the Older. Now come (lie distress sign and answer. If the brother Is in trouble and requires assistance, and he lirst desires to call on a brother of his Order, lie crosses his hands in front of ] hirn and res Is them easily 011 Ills stomach. THK (Hill*. There must always tie something held between the luintls. It may he a pencil or crow- ; bar, or among the richer members a diamond I ring or any jewelry, l>ut there must be something there. I When the recognition is complete the man iu distress says slowly : "Hello! hello!" then j onuses and sa.vs again : "Hello!" His fellow-member answers slowly: "O. K.! O. 1 K.!" pauses, and adds another (1. IC.! There r | are other signs of distress which arc used, r ] especially lit the lonely districts of the \\ est, i where the houses are few. If. for I list since, a i j brother is attacked by cowboys or Indians or : I other marauders, he can attract at lent Ion af- , > ter night by swinging a lantern twice, then ' pausing and swinging it once again ; or tie J may ring his dinner bell or a cow bell in the same way; or he may shoot his revolver or ' gun three times in the same way. lint he : must always remember to pause between the second indication of distress and the third. T If he does not, he is not a solid member of _ the Order. 'I'll K IIUKIAI, SKKVICH. a Tho burial service of the Alliance is drawn ]( up in form, and may be lined either at the re- ^ sidence or the grave. Any religious exercises ) may first be held. When the minister has ? finished the president of the Iocal_ lodge v takes a position at the head of the eotlin, tlie | J steward at the loot, tno chaplain on ine rism ,| ! of the president , aud the lecturer on the left, i I Mie other officers and brethren forming a circle, in which is the coffin and the mourners ail stand ins:. The form used Is: n | President: Once more we are brought fnce [ | to face with a prool of man's mortality. ? Again we are reminded of tlie uncertainly of ? I life, the immutable certainty of death. W'c are made to realize that in the midst of llle f( | we are In death, and that our earthly being t at the furthest is of but short duration, f, Brethren, they that trust In the Lord shall be as Mount /Ion, which cannot be removed, g l but abideth foreve.?Psalm cx.w. 1. s I The Brethren: our help is tiic name of the t Lord, who made heaven and earth.?Psalm e exxvi. 8. s President: He thai goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless , come again with rejoicing, bringing his g sheaves with him.?Psalm exxvi. C. The Brethren: They that sow in tears shnll reap In Joy.?l'saim exxvi. rresiueui: nreiiiruii, uviuie uic uiwuuiiiiua were brought forth or even Thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting ?o everlasting Thou art God.?Psalm i, ! xc. 2. ,, j The Brethren: For n thousand years In , j Thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, i and as a watch In the night.?Psalm *c, I. j President: Who kuoweth the power of Thine anger? Even according tfl Thy fear so j Is Thy wrath.?Psalm xc, 11. I The Brethren : So teach us to number our days that wc may apply our hearts unto wlsdem.?Psalm xc, 12. t j President: I will say to the north give up; j and to the south, keep not back bring my <] sons from far and my daughter from the ti ends of the earth.?Isaiah xliii, (5 The Brethren: Fear not, for I am with thee; 1 will bring the seed from the cast aud gather trom the west.?Isaiah xlll, ">. " Ij President: Man that is born of a woman a Is of few days and full of trouble. He cometh v <- .1- 111-- ? |? l.O I, I iurill lint it Iltmci illiu in kill, uunn, " fleeth also as a shadow, and contlnueth not. s Seeing his days are determined, the number t of his months are with Thee. Thou hast ap- p pointed his bounds that lie cannot pass, turn u from him that he may rest till he shall ac- v complish his day. For there is hope of a tree I] if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, t and that the tender branch thereof will not l cease But man dleth and wasteth away; ? yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is ti he? An the waters fall from the sea, and the e flood decayeth and drleth up, so man lietii s down and riseth not till the heavens be no more.?Job, xlv. (An appropriate hymn may here be sung, after which the prayer which follows may be c repeated by the chaplain :) c Our Father, who art In Heaven, give ear. ' we pray Thee, to this our humble suppiiea- ' tlon. We desire in this the hour of chasten- \ Ing and trial to lift our hearts to Thee In ' thatsnirit of submission, humility and de- I1 votlon Dint will be most, acceptable In Thy 1 sight. Help us, Heavenly Father, to realize " Thy infinite goodness ami boundless mercy I unto us, that we may from the Innermost re- a cesses of the heart exclaim, Holy! Holy! v Holy Lord God on high! Thy will be done s on earth as It is in Heaven. God of Heaven * have mercy upon us In this hour of grief, and ? may llie dark cloud that is now upon us have a silver lining. May this, Thy rod, lead us to interpret Thy Will correctly, and prove a source ol Joy by bringing us closer to Thee. . Most meiciful God, since death is the com- ' inon lot of all, have mercy upon us and grant us Thy spirit to guide and direct us in the 1 hour of temptation and trial, that we may so ' live that when Thy summons comes to die i1 we may recclve Thy blessed assurance, "Well drtne, thou good and faithful servant, enter ! into the Joys prepared for thee." Our Father, ( God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, hear us in ' this our prayer, for the sake of Thine only Son, Jeans Christ our llodeemer, who suffered 1 In the flesh, was crucified, died and was bur- J led, and rose again on the third day and as- 1 ceuried Into Heaven,all that we might approach Thy throne of grace. For His sake ( have mercy upon us and be with us through 1 life, and finally save us. Amen. There is a whole world of differ- j "'" o IimUi'bpii Hip North iiihI South , poles. < Miss Mary Proctor daughter of the j late Richard A. Proctor, is gaining a reputation as a writer for the newspapers. Her contributions are in the > form of scientific papers. New York, Sept. 4.?A dispatch i from Shanghai says : The British Con- 1 sulate at Ye Hang has been destroyed by a mob which attacked the Europeans last Tuesday. The Legislature ill Maine has enacti ed a law which requires all public school-teachers to devote some time each week to teaching kindness to animals. Twenty-four foreign nations have formally accepted the invitation to take part in the Chicago fair, ltussia, Turkey, Denmark, Persia and Kgypt are recent additions to the list. At a recent meeting of the American Peace Society, in Poston, Pishop 0. P. Fitzgerald was appointed a delegate to the World's Peace Convention, I to be held ill Rome in November next, and will either go or send a paper to be [ read before that body. ! During 1890 there were built in the 11 ited States 8,'">00 churches, ministers to the number of 4,900 were ordained, | and a membership in all denominations . of 1,09(1,000 added. Two men found an adder in a i Wilkesbarre, Pa., cemetery recently. One held the adder close to the ground [ with a st'ck while his companion ran a timothy stick through the stem of 1 his clay pipe and deposited the nicotine . in the snake's mouth. In three minl utes the snake was dead. i During the present summer Jewish immigrants from Russia have been arriving in New York at the rate of two thousand u week, and the newcomers during the year thus far have been L over fifty thousand men, women and r children. The porter of the Grand Pacific Hotel, in Chicago, has retired with a . fortune of $100,000, accumulated from tips given hint by guests of the house. The men who contributed to it are still - struggling io keep the wolf from the Jj: door. There is an average of nine murders a week in this country committed by B drunken men, and to be directly traced . to whiskey. Yet with this fearful rec[ ord?and it is only one count in the inx dictment?there are people who say ! l "Do not agitate prohibition !" LIGHT ON A DARK SUBJECT- \ | si REPORT OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON | * THE SUB-TREASURY BILL. m vl 1.1 Snbnii in Hie Nviiale ol Hie "! lulled MUK's, i oitriiiiry IT, i by Ken 111 or H or rill, from (lie Coin* J Sl mitfep on Finnncc. The Senate bill (452S) entitled "A bill to provide lie Government with menus RuUieient to supply the lational want of a' sound circulating modlum.apicrira in lie intended to supply :i paper legal-tender ni urreney by permitting nnv owners of land to give a c<j ien itpiui the same tor lit) years to the United States w Jovernnient, for which the mortgager is to receive bj rual-teiider paper currency and be charged 2 per en eiit. interest thereon. This measure is ol unlimited liagliltude and demands serious consideration from he high and estimable character of its distinguished . itthor. Several bills and petitions have been presen- J? ed from other sources equally ambitious, intended er o cure all financial evils from which the nation Is 10 opposed to sutler, and mainly differing trom the bill t?'r icre considered in nlfering^rictiltiiral products for rr vcuritv Instead of land. I'" The bill, of course. appeals to the owners of land t" i>r its support, ns It coiifd nut be made available to cc ny otlu-r class, not to mechanics and laborers, inncli i'ss to merchants ami manufacturers. Land-ownfers ?r nr much the larger part, it is believed, nre too intel- J'11 igetit ami prudent to conduct tlvlr affairs In such "e naniier as iv lie com|iellcd to cover* their homestead c" rilh a mortgage. Kv??n young men at starting in ('s lie, when borrowed capital is useful and necessary, 'll lo not intend to remain long in debt, certatnlv not for "J0 0 years. ,lc If the opportunity were offered to all land owners 'n it obtain a loan at even a less rate than our own or ny national government now pays, it is possible that P' 1 uiight inspire improvident habits and extravagant O r speculative ventures in the .class of our country- *"i iieii now almost exempt from such temptations. The bill we have under consideration is plainly nc uundeJ on the principle put forth more than a cen- tt" ury ago by the notorious John Law, which is set 111 >rth in the following terms : w "That il a paper currency, not convertible into w pccie.be tiased or secured upon any article of value, afncli its land, aud be issued to an extent not greater cl linn the value in specie of such article, such paper "r uri eiicy will not be depreciated in comparison to pecio." or Tins certainly- embodies the leading principle of he bill upon which this report is based, that is to hl ay, of making land property security for national mm, and also for an unlimited issue of a legal-tender u= ircuiation of paper money. [KCKI.KSS FINANCIAL KX l'KKXMKNTS E.NII IN |u IJANKItiri'TSV AND NATIONAL DISASTEIt. IK Many persons may be captivated with the plausL oa lo idea.of obtaining cheap loans and plenty of uioney . n easy terms, but the experience of enlightened na- ,n ions shows wherever such reckless financial expert- ?1 aenUs have been tried that they have ended in couir P" nercial crises, bankruptcy, and general national <lls-> ster. The principle is unsound and can not bring 01 jrth good fruit. ev m 11.I.-liOltN NATIONAL. EXAMPLES. It may not be improper to refer briefly to some of ch he ill-born national examples which* conclusively th leinoi.stricte the inexpedience that has always atten- 'h ed all such measures, and their final ruinous eatus- sa rophc. " pr THE MISSISSIPPT SCHEME. The Mississippi scheme was started in Paris in 1717 sa y John Law, embracing trade and other privileges, lai nd finally amalgamated with the national bank, qj rlilch Issued an immense amount of paper. Law ad promised annual returns of 120 per cent. The w tuck at first tose to an enormous premium. Upon lei he issue of 50,000 new shares there were 300,000 ap- rj, illeants. Soon, however, gold began to be hoarded, c? nd though laws were passed to punish all persons to vho were found in possession of a sum beyond a th Ixed amount, large sums were sent out of the coun- y, ry. to Iti'lirium and England, for safe keeping. In 7211 the bank stopped payment and the whole cbcme collapsed, bringing ruin upon all of the great nultitudc who had unwisely put faith in the flnan- >,] lal soundness nnd Integrity of the Mississippi b,: cheme. Law immediately tied the country. lei TIIE FRENCH PLAN. a I The insurmountable disorder of the French flnan- ? es, and annual excess of expenditures beyond re- P* eipts, without doubt was the first cause of the J" I'rencii Revolution. Fresh loans were required for ' he treasury every year. The nobles and clergy I'nniil nut consent to be taxed, and lenders at last re- " used to lend. The King and Queen sent all their 111 ilntu to be inplted down, but It was insuilicient for 8 he public expenditures. The treatise of John Law eJ n "Money and Trade" had been translated inio >'rench, and at length Talleyrand brought forward nd carried his measure for the confiscation of the ' rhole ecclesiastical property of the Kingdom, re- aI c-rvinc a pension to the clergy, ami appropriating . rliat was est!mated nt ?8 0,000,000 to uld tho jiubllc leccssittes. SAI.K OF CJIt'RC'II I'KOI'ERTY. til In December 1769, the assembly ordered a sale of T hurch and crown property to the a'mount of ?10,000,- It UK) and decreed that a paper currency should be crea- & ed of that amount, bearing 5 per cent. Interest, und ailed assignnts, for the redemption of which the l'< ooliscated lands were to be sold. N.tt to enter Into di ill the progrosslve steps taken, in less than 5 months, 0J ty another decree, the assignats were declared a 1c- 1? ral tender, with Interest at-1J per cent. The public 01 lebt rapidly Increased, and In 1790 new assignats ct verc created of double the amount. Fur- tl her large amount were created in 1791?'92, and n 1793 the a<signats were at a discount of 30 per s' :ent. Shopkeepers refused tliuin for prime neeessi- al ,ies and their shops were plundered in general riots. P1 With tho creation of more assignats in 1793 the tiint'.tnHun (I vpurs' imnrlsonnient to any wrson who should sell assagnats "at less than their lomlnal value, or^tnnke any difference In price whoth- ; jr paid in paper or specie. A sliver franc got to he J1 ivorth six In paper. The penalties for making any , lifference in prico were greatly Increased and kath was decreed agaln6t all who kept back from ? public sale articles of first necessity. Trade and pro- ^ luetioii nearly ceased. Public functionaries could 8' no longer live on their salaries arid one-third of the al iriny deserted. ^ THEY HEAItD SOMETHING DR01'. In 1795 the assignats in nominal value amounted to ft ?1,S00,000,000, and had fallen to one-thousandth part nf their nominal value. Finally the Government re- b fused to part with the national domain at the depreci- b sted value of their paper currency, and destroyed it p ?t u silicic blow, by decreeing *'that anyone might tl make bargains in whatever currency he pleased." d Tims dropped out of circulation, perhaps, the largest ti batch of legal-tender pa her currency ever created, p notwithstanding it was based upon land security l! and supported by all the terrors of national pow- s er. b THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AS A RANKER. ? The Argentine Republic established In 1886 a great v national mortgage bank to makc loans on the liypoth* v ccatloll of real estate. The minister of finance re- v garded it as "a great boon to the people for the reason j, that land is a great patrimony, tin- immense capital v of the country, and every facility," he said, ''should 8 be given to mobilize the capital und increase its vulue." Its functions were not t? loan money on mortgage, but to issue transferable mortgage bonds on the execution of mortgages in its favor, which il were put on the market for what they would tetch, 1 with national guarantees to the holder the service li of interest nrnl amortization. t The bonds were mrde payable to bearer and bore r interest at not exceeding 8 per cent., and with an an- f mini sinking fund for their ultimate pa/inentof not exceeding2 per cent. The chairman and directors u were appointed by the President of the I?< public, a The bunk was to make no loan of less than $1,000 nor u above The mortgage extended to nil other li property of the mortgagee, though not mentioned in <j the" mortgage, and no loan was to be granted for more than half the value of the property mortgaged. A lj delay of over CO days In the payment of the hypothe- f eary obligation uiilhori/.ed the bank to put up for ] sale at public auction the property mortgaged, without any leeul proceedings, and to award it to the highest bidder. <1 SIIAME AND DISASTER. ? It Is not necessary to say that the fin tncia! scheme of the Argentine Republic has lieeii hardly more lorlunate than that of John Law, or thun that of the assignats of France, and has brought shame and disaster upon the credit of the Argentine Republic. The inllalted paper money market became easy for snecu. lators, but si>ecie payments were soon suspended, gold rose to over *00 per cent, preillluui and suddenly . went out of the ccuntry to pay balances of trade and , interest on foreign bonds, and the Argentine national j lank notes are now worthy only oO cents on the dollar. t The Argentine Government is grievously embarrassed and now |iroposes to obtain relief by the extraordinary measure ol offering for sale in Europe at public auction no less than 24,(hi0 square leagues of laud ill their recently organized territories at a minimum price ot $2 in sold per hectare, or about $1.25 per ucre. These lands, according t?: the Uuell'is Ay- ' res Herald, are situated in Terra del Kuego, or ill ter- I l itories where the best lands have already been dis- ^ posed of in large tracts, or where only swauip lands remain unsold, anil would not attract eager bidders ^ among foreigners, ] From tills desperate measure they hoped to have s raised $l-.Ml,(H)0,QiiO or gold to be deposited in the V mint for tlie eouverslon of the Argentine national J bank notes. The emergency it appears was great, but i il is very iikeij gray In.irs will cover the heads of ] the holders of these notes long before the notes will ^ be redeemed either in gold or silver. t NO'l'Altr.K EX V.MI't.S AT HOME. j The United S'ates in its infancy furnished a notable i exampi-j of the fallacy of any attempt to maintain a ' (,'olitiuelital paper eurreney at par with specie, J though secui'i'd by the honor and loyalty of the whole J Republic and l>v Ha vast amount of landed property, upported also by the alui"st assured Independence ' r the Government, aided as It was by France, as bis>ry lias not fulled to record tbc fact that in 1780, in >ite of all that Congress, Washington, Adams, and rnnklia could do to uphold its credit, a pair of boots >ld for ?<5fi,000 in Continental paper money, and a liiper for four persons, for whicli $10 was the usual rice, costi;50.000 in Continental currency. Hence oso a new meaning to the word, which still surives, and an American tlnds no contemptuous lirase by which he can indicate more pointedly the tier wor'blessness of anything than to say, "it Is not ortli u continental." A fr?slier example may also be cited. The United Lates legal-tender paper, issued in 1S&2, at once fell a.? fomn ts^T. It! rfinn Kalnn < rv 1 GflA ben it required $'2.S5 ot' paper to purchase $1 of >li), worth niucfc less than one-half its nominal nount. The depreciation, though yearly diminishg, continued lonjr after ihe victory over rebellion, Hwithstamiing all < ( <>ur customs revenue was relived in gold and after the honw of the country as rdetlped by the net of Congress iu 1859, approved r President Grant, to pay all of our ?1ebts in >in. INSCKMOUNTAHLK OBJ KCTIONS. These examples would s?em to prove that the obetiousto the main principles of the bill here consid. ed are so fundamental as to make it unnecessary to view its details; for. If It were constructed with the oatest stti 11 and ability, these objections would still main insurmountable. The circulating value of a H?er currency can only be maintained bv Its converJility into speeie at the will of the Lolder, and exss insures its depreciation. iiut the bill in many of its details bristles with othobjections. We have twice chartered a national .nk, though the constitutional power to do so has en more or less disputed; but It bos never been ntendeil that the Government can constltutianally tnbllshed within itself a bank of lBSue and loaning irpsses. It is proposed by this bill to establish a nking Institution in ihe Treasury Department, nnt the name of the Land Loan Bureau, which ight surpass in number and anjonnt of its accounts be opened with those to be authorized to make apicatlons for loans or to receive and deposit Treasunotes, any banking institution existing either in urope or America. Applications are to be received for loans in sums of >t less than *500 or fur *5,000,000 (as the maximum nonnt Is unrestricted), and each person is to be anially charged with '2 per cent, interest and credited Ith all payments made. The borrowers may pay the bole or any part thereof, not less than 25 per cent, any time; and when making such payment rfiay ectln writing to make the security a continuing le for 20 years, and thereafter may at bis pleasure iposlt or withdraw by checks the full amount of the Iginal loan. Kvery person who is a eitfzen of the United Uites, or ^ho has declared his intentions to beooms ich, and who is the owner in fee of nninsninbered :rlcultural land, may (lie his application for a loan, id when approved receive the amount in Treasury jtus ; that the Treasurer of the United States is to ivo prlnt?<l on<l signed $100,000,000 of Treasury iti'S and such additional amounts from time to time . may be necessary. Manifestly tho plan covers every county and town the United Stales, and if accounts were to be icned In all, instead of a bureau in the Treasury deirtment, it would require to hold the chief and his ibordlnates of this collossal banking establishment a lilding by Itself, and ot a greater magnitude than en that of the War, State, and Navy Departs ents. It is further provided that a chief and a deputy ilef of this so-called bureau shall be appointed by e President, by and with the advice ana consent of e Senate, onft with (6,000 and the other with $5,000 lary. But.the chief of tho bureau, with the ap? oval of the Secretary of the Treasury, is to sprint such subordinate officers as may he necessary to rry out the provisions of the act and to fix their laries, but not to exceed the salaries paid for simir clerical services in the Treasury Deportent. The duties of many of these subordinate officers ould not bo inferior to that ot Treasurer, Comptrolp of (TniTPnp.tr ft?* "Hlrprtfir nf flip mint anno. jr as to responsibility to Treasury auditors and mptrolleru; and yet, unlike to all these, tbey are be appointed without the consent of the .Senate by e chief of the bureau, with the approval of the ;cretiiry of the Treasury. NO SURPLUS MONEY. The Government of the United States has no surus of money, nor Is it likely to have any, to lend to irrowers at any rnte of Interest, and certainly not at is wan half the rate It is now paying. There is not millionaire in the whole country who would loan at per cent, on the security to be offered. But it ia >w proposed that the Government, not in fact hav2 any money to lend, shall lend Its own notes and uke them by law a legal tender, receivable in liea of ildor any other lawful money for all private debts, xee. excises, public lands, and all demands owing by e United States, except interest on the public aebt id in redemption of the national currency In othwords, the Treasury notes to be issued upon liens ' land may be used as legal tender for everything, ren for the redemption of all our national currency, it such notes are not to be redeemable in coin or lything else. A large owner of unincumbered land might apply r a loan of $1000,000 and reloan it in smaller nounts at a much higher rate than be paid. Where ie constitutional power Is lodged which authorizes ic Government to loan money or to create In the reasury Department a gigantic banking institution will be difficult to point out, and that such power dsts may safely be denied. When the applicant shall have filed his application, > most deposit a sum sufficient to pay an expert to schargo the duties of a person learned In the law to camine and make an abstract of legal title to the nd which is to be hypothecated, and also to pay one more appraisers of the land. This may be dlfflilt as well as onerous. When a copy of the appllcaon is filed, with a description of the land, in the ofto of the recorder of the county in which the land is tuated, It Is to constitute without other record a parnount lien upon the same against all subsequent .irehafters and Incumbrances. DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY. xii iimuy dw;cd jjiyuicoi>cuu ngiuo UBTO Dt'eD id, and in some States attachments and tbe recorded idgments of their courts create a lien upon real esite. but beyond this only a deed strictly according i the statutes of the State will create any lien or incel any lien on mortgage, and the authority of undress to odd to or diminish, or to declare what mil be and what shall Dot be'a paramount lien upon r?y real estate will be everywhere dlspated. In ises oi foreclosure it is proposed that the lien shall continue until tbe money secured, with the Inter>t and costs and leeal charges of collection, has been illy repaid and satisfied.1' The attorney and counsel fees are to be 5 per cent., ut in no case to exceed $500. The certificate o(the ureau chief, when tbe loan and costs have all been aid, is to be sent to the recorder, and to operate as lie discharge of the lien; but when the loan has been iminisbed or again increased, no means of aaoerilnmcnt of tlie amount of the Hen appears to be rovided. As the attorneys would be employed at lie different counties of tbe State they would b? uch as would be willing to accept the lees provided y law. In cases of foreclosure the law and the ourts do not give final possession of the property to lie plaintiff in less than 2 years, and there is no proision made as to what tbe Government shall do Mth any land, should any fall into its possewlon,rb'ether to keep it, sell it, or give It away in free omestcuds, uud it is probable that the Government irlUiln 20 years would become a large owner of unliable real estate. KATHER TOO PATERNAL. Any person not a citizen, but who has declared bin ntcntlon to become such, may apply for a loan and 'rensury notes, if he Is the owner of unincumbered ind. That land may be only tbe 160 acres Just entered under the homestead law. This would seem ntlier too paternal. Section 12, of the proposed kill iroyitfes: "If upon the land described there is an existing lien ir Incumbrance to an amount less than the loan ought una granted, then the land shall be deemed inincuinbered, but Instead of paying tbo amount nuned to the applicant, tbe incumbrance Is to be paid iff and charged to tbo applicant." . This throws upon tbo land-loan bureau additional abor, responsibility, and expense of transmitting unds to pay off tbe incumbrance and also of obtainng its legal cancellation. The lust section of the bill declares? "That the rule of tbe common law, that statutes in lerogatlnn thereof aro to be strictly construed .hall have no application to this act." This rule is, however, only applied to criminal itatutPH, while other general statutes are construed .ccording to their plain and obvious meaning, when cad by a man of ordinary intelligence. Tbe proportion here, therefore, is unnecessary, and would seem inly to Invito a latltudinarlan construction of the ict. Some of the minor objections to the bill might perinps be removed by amendment, but the objections to ts substance, constitutionality, and to the principle nvolved, are Ineradicable. The committee, therefore, report adversely upon he bill, and recommend its indefinite postponenent. Susi is dead. And who is he? only m African. But he deserves a monuneut. The Christian world owes this ibscure black man its gratitude. He md another servant carried Dr. Livingstone's dead body ou their ihouldcrs fifteen hundred miles, hrough a hostile country and restored t to his friends in England. It was a herculean labor, and one of love. kVhat courageous, self-sacrificing devoiou ! This hero has just passed away. Se has left us an example worthy of he purest Christianity. Livingstone 'ouudhim a gross idolater; he left iiin an humble Christian, capable of Apostolic labors. 4