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Iv^r The Abbeviile Press"and Banner! * BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1890. VOLUME XXXIV. NO. 40. "''|jj NOTABLE CEililAL A Church and a People with a History. THE ASSOCIATE REFORMED PRESBYTERIANS. Through the Blood of Martyrs and the Heroism of a Noble Ancestry Our Religion is runnea. OUR FOREFATHERS SUFFERED PERSE-1 CUTION, PUNISHMENT AND BANISHMENT. In Spite of Fire, Itlood. ami the' hi Gibbet, They Transmitted to I's r MoHt Comfortable Fnitli, and a Beautiful Religion, all of whosej 44 Ways are Ways of Pleasantness, and all Her Paths are Peace."' Historical Address Delivered In Lower Long Cane Associate Reformed Presbyterian ' Church, Abbeville County, S. C., February 24, 1890, by Rev. Robert Lathan, D. D. Mr. Chairman, Fathers, Brethren, iMilies and ueiiHcnicn, When the children of Israel, after ti forty: years wandering tn the wilderness, had eross-l ed the Jordan and entered the land of prom-j ise, by the command of God, a man from each ! one of the twelve tribes was cnosen for the] purpose of taking from the Jordan a stone out I of the place where the priest's feet stood arm. I These twelve stones were carried on the shoul-| ders of the twelve chosen men to the place: where the ransomed multitude encamped the first night alter entering the land which, near-! ly tlve hundred years before, God had prorn-| Ised to Abraham. Out of these unhewn i stones a rude monument was constructed lor | the purpose of commemorating the fact that more thau three millions of men, women and , children had crossed, on dry land, the Jordan when It overflowed all its banks. Every! time, in after years, when the Jew saw this I rude monumental structure, the marvelous! Intervention of God in behalf of Abraham' and his seed rushed Into his mind. No douta many a tear was dropped and many a devout prayer of thanksgiving was breathed as the pious Jew Intently gazed, in solemn silence, on these twelve stones. As parents narrated to their children the simple, but sublime history of this rude monument, they, both parents and children, felt their devotional fetlIpgs quickened, developed and strengthened, and their patriotism stirred. They were made better and braver. The sight of these rude stones revived the . memory of events which had occurred In the distaut past The call of Abraham, the birth of Isaac, the flight of Jacob ln'o the land of I'adan-Aratn, the return of Jacob to the land | of Canaan, the sale or Joseph, me going aown fof Jacob and his household into Egypt, the death and burial ot Jacob, the hard bondage J of his descendants in Egypt, the killing of the , male children of the Hebrews, the birth ofi i Moses and his flight Into the land of Midian,' f the return of Moses and the plugucs of Egypt, I ft he Institution of the Passoverand thesprink-I ling of blood, the heart rending wail of the Egyptians when a dead man was round In every house, the Exode, the ero^im: of tin- lied Sea and drowning of I'haroat. and hi* army, j Mount Sinai nil on tire, tin tnlili-s of stone, i the water gushing in a crystal strenfti ir?mi ] the smitten rock, the quails borne on the i?os-1 oin of the east wind, the manna, the slaughter! of the Amalekites, the death of Muses and tliel crossing of the Jordan together with ail the history of God's marvelous dealings with his chosen people passod in minute detail before] the mind of the intelligent Jew as he looked I upon those twelve stones which were pitched In Gilgal. We are here to-day, my friends, after the topse of a century to look upon the monumental structure which our ancestors erected on this spot. On the 21th day of February, 1790, ltev. Thomas Clark, M. 1).. Rev. Peter McMullan. Kev. John IJoyes, Rev. David Hothwell, and James Rogers, probationer, together with ruling elders James McBryde and William Dunlap, met on this very ground and organized the ASSOCIATK RKKOUMK1) I'llESUYTKUY OK THE CAROI.tNAS A Nil (iKOKfilA. In more tluui one sense this is classic ground. To the member* of the Associate Heformed Synod of the South this is a Ciilgal. Here our fathers camped the tirst night alter they crossed the Jordan, ami here, in tlie Iani guage of Holy Writ, they pitched their moiiu. mental stones. ? Brethren, do you not feel like erecting a f monument ou tiiis spot and cutting on its ev1 ery fuce | KIIEXEZKR A Id capital letters? The dust of old Thomas Clark sleeps in Cedar Spring grave yard; thai of Peter McMullan near Fuyettevllle, in Lincoln county, Tennessco; that or David lioth\ well In Georgia, between Augusta and Louisville. The lifeless body of .John lioyes was deposited, for sale keeping, in Hopewell grave yard, in Chester county, South Carolina, and All that was mortal of James K< gcrs was buried in the lirick church graveyard in FairHeld county, South Carolina. I wish I could / fell you where they put away tin1 bodies of 1 Jftmes McBryde and William Dunlap. In all ^^s-fm>bablllty they sleep on some of t h?se Long Cane hills, l.ei ihem sleep in pcac:.. CLASSIC GKOl'NP?THK SCKNK OK A JU.ool'Y ( MAS8ACUK. To the people of Abbeville county?to the people of these United Stales, this is classic ground. About two miles from where we are assembled today there stands, in a nanow valley pent upon three sides by hills, an undressed stone 011 whose luce is chiseled the following inscription : CALa?Vtft ^ In Memory of i MS. CATHA2IHE CALHOUS. i Au^'t-d 70 Wars, who with j TWENTY-TWO OTJIKItS, was hire murdered BY THE INDIANS, j the Fir.-t of February. 1700. i! Catharine C'aliioun was tlie grandmother of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. To this region of country Mrs. Catharine Calhoun with iier > fami)v, one of which was 1'atrlek, the father L of John C. Calhoun, end a few others immi/ grated In 1750. Near this spot more than onehalf the males of that lillle colony, and among them JaincsCalhonn, the oldest son ol CatharineCalhoun, several females, and nearly all the children, filly in all, were butchered by the Cherokee Indians on the 1st of February. 1700. On these hills nearly all the first settlers of Abbeville county were murdered I by the enraged sn vases, uud on these hills they were buried. There are some persons here to-day whose ancestors were scalped on the 1st of Febrmuy, 1700. This is classic eround. If these old trees and these deep raIthese rugged rocks were endowed ower of speech they could tell a le. FORTS TURNED INTO IIOISI-S OK WORSHIP. Dflerful providenceof God thoseoi ttlersof Abbeville county who?s wiping knife and tomahawk <f the fled?the majority to the.Scotchnent iu Lancaster county. In 1701 they returned accompanied by others. Like OKI Mortality they erected that rude monument to their murdered relations, and begun j to battle In earnest with the forest. The Indian had been driven in 17C0 beyond the mountains, but like prudent men they constructed Fort Hoone, Fort Hull Town, Fort Duets Corner and Fort I .one Cane. These military forts were used as places where the Inhabitants assembled to worship the tJod ol their fathers. Here they sung?and sungnotliItiR else to the praise of (Jod?the Psalms of David in Rouse's version, using the same old plaintive tunes which had been sung on the crags of Ireland, and in the sequestered valleys of Scotland, by their persecuted fathers. These forts after wards became churches. Fort Boone is now Lower Long Cane Presbyterian | church, Hull Town Is Rocky River, Duets Cor-; ner or DeWitts Corner is Due West, and Fort t.ong Cane is tins place. i iip oiu iori. mwu ? i short distance east of ISradley's .Mills, less [ than a mile from where we are assembled.* \s membcrsot the Associate Reformed Synod j of I lie South >i century of trials and triumphs looks down upon us, aud us citizens of these | United states the graves of the fifty men, wo-1 men and children who were murdered lierej look upon us. To the people of Abbeville i county this is, or ought to be, ft dear spot. j Tit K CEXTKX XIA L OK THE ASSOCIATE UK" j 1-OKMEI) CHL'KCH. However Interesting and instructive It might be to trace the connection between Indian outrages and tlie planting of churches this does not come within the scope of the part assigned me on this occasion. We are here to celebrate the centennial of the Associate Reformed Synod of the south. The part assigned me is, as specified on the programme, to deliver a Historical Address. Never In my lite did I so devoutly desire to be what 1 am ' conscious I atn not, and to have what I never J can possess. I wish I was able to do the stib-1 ject and the occasion justice. I wish I had I the historical knowledge of Macauley. and the descriptive powers of Christopher North. Permit/ me, Mr. Chairman, to say that to me this isft glad day and I greatly appreciate the j high honor which the committee has confer-1 red upon me. I shall confine myself iu what I have to say to the following points: THE THREE POINTS TO HE CONSIDERED IX' THIS ADDRESS. I. I shall trace brietly the origin of the As-1 soclate Reformed Synod of the South. II. I shall state concisely tnc uocmnos ami religions practices of the Associate Reformed Synod of the South. ! III. I shall present the growth of the Associate Reformed Synod of the South, and Its i probable future. XEVER HAD AX EXISTENCE EXCEPT IX NORTH AMERICA. I The Associate Reformed Church is the result of a union formally consummated ou the 31st of October, 1782, between the Associate Presbyterian and Reformed Presbyterian Churches in North America. Roth of the ecclesiastical' organizations entering into that union wereof1 Scotch origin. As an ecclesiastical organ iza- j tion the Associate Reformed church never i had an existence except in North America, j aud to-day the only religious body bearing j the name Associate Reformed is the Associate ; Reformed Synod of the South. In point of existence the Reformed Presbyterian is older than the Associate Presbyterian Church by more than half a century, while ns formally organized bodies the Asso- j ciate Presbyterian Church is older than the j Reformed Fresbyteriau by ten years. The As- j soclatcs were for a long time and even yet j called Seceders. The Reformed Presbyterians | have been known by a number of names, but generally by that of Covenanters. Neither! Seceder nor Covenanter indicated, correctly, either the origin or doctrinal tenets, or distinctive practices of those to whom they were applied, lloth Associates and Covenanters were, until 1079, or to the battle of Roth well bridge, in nominal connection with the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Reformed i)MoKr?ni-Un fnmh luns fitrmfitlv ori'sinizwl ! on the 1st of August. 174:1. and the Associate I Presbytery on the Gth of December, 173.1, at (Jalrney Bridge, near Kinross, Scotland. It Is evident that both religions denominations entering Into the union which consti-| luted the Associate Reformed Church were Scotch, and so far as the Associate Reformed : Synodof the South is concerned, its members are all. or nearly nil, of Scotch or Scotch Irish ! parentage. The ministers and members of] no Christian denomination In America, nor j in any other region of the world outside ol i Scotland or the North of Ireland, can boast of] purer Scotch blood than the min'sters and: members of the Associate Reformed Synod of I the South. In its doctrines, in its form of! church government, and in its mode of worship, the Associate Reformed Church as clear-. Iy, If not more clearly, resembles the Church j of Scotland as it was during the period cx-1 tending from lttlS to 1GW), as the Church of Scotland of to-day resembles itself during that; period. Such being the case we cannot, satis factorily, understand tlie causes which led to, the organization of cither the Associate or Reformed Presbyterian denominations without ! i a clear historical knowledge of th- Church of j Scotland. SCOTLAND KAltf.V 151101"'. 1ST VXli.Ut KKI.l- J Ulnl'S I.NKl.t'KNCK. I Scotch ecclesiastical historians tell us that! Scotland was early brought under the inllu-' jenceofthe gospel of Jesus Christ. 'lliey tell j us that probably the gospel was preached in ! that land prior to the death of the Apostle i I John. The individuals who liist introduced j the gospel into Scotland were, in all prouahil j ity. persons who li:i<I to lloo from some pin 01 ! l lie Koman Kmpireon account of I lie persecution of Domitian. Who those individualsi | were we need not enquire. It is certain Mint I as early as the beginning of the thirtl century I Christianity hut been generally Introduced | into Scotland, and before Its close "t lie laud of 11lie brown heath and shaggy wood" had been : rescued from (he dominion of paganism, i Scotland bccameiiti asylum for the persecuted j Christians in various parts of the Koman Km[ ire. Men of devout piety left their native | land and came to Scotland, ami the gospel in its purity nourished for a period of more than one hundred and fifty years. In the year A. I). 4.">2 I'opeCelestinesent 1'aladius to Scotland and he succeeded in drawing the people away from the pure gospel, lie introduced papacy and soon the whole country was under the control of the l'ope of Home. A cloud of j inky blackness hung over the country for I near one thousand years, or from J">2 to 14!)l, when the Lollardsof Kyle were summoned to | appear before James IV and his council, be cause they held many oi ilie l'roicsiiuu unities of faith. No country wascver more under the dominion of tbe I'opeof Home tlian was Scotland. When tlie Reformation began more than onehalf of the wealth of the nation was in the I hands of a few ecclesiastics. The mass of the | people were grossly ignorant and the miserable slaves of i he nobles. Those who pretended to be ministersof religion were not only ignorant but bestially vicious. MARTYltS COMMlTTKtl TO TIIK t'l.AMKS. It is Impossible to name with certainty the exact moment that the Hi:ht ?>t the Retormution readied Scotland. There w. r', even in the darkest days, a lew imhviitca s who did not worship the bea-t. John Ri?by wa< burned to death in 1107 because lie heM that Hit* Pope of Rome Is not the viearuf Phrisi. In 14:>JPanl 1'iaw was committed to Hie iluines because he denied the doctrine of transubstantiation and opposed auricular confession and praying tosaiiit?. We may date the Reformation ill Scotland as beginning with the Lollards of Kyle. Ahmt this time the opposition to papacy began to assume something of a definite form, but it was not until the time of Joint Knox that ;lie war was carried into the enemy's country. John Knox is inseparably conneeted with the Reformation of Scotland. Not that he began It or even that he completed it, but he begun the war against Popery in earnest, other Scotch Protectants had labored to bring a'>out. a Reformation. Knox set himself with all the energies of his great soul in open opposition to Popery. He declared the whole system a device of the devil. Nothing would satisfy him but tlie extirpation of Popery from Sec Hand. John Knox was si revolutionist. nc succeeded. On the 241it of August. 1500. tlie Scotch Parliament abolished the papal jurisdiction, and rescinded all tiie laws loruicrly enacted in support of papacy, and opposed to the Reformation. On the 3)111 of December of the same year the flrst General Assembly met in the city of F.dlnburg and organized, what to this day is known in every nook of the civilized . world, as the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In 151:1 the First Hook of Discipline was adopted, It was afterwards revised and in 1.17.S, under the name of SKCONI) JiOOK OK DISCI I'l.INK adopted. Hoth these symbols were unti prelaticand thoroughly Presbyterian. Although the Presbyterian Church of Scotland was formally organized on the milli of December, ISO1, It had a long and sore struggle ahead of it. For a period of about one hundred and Ihiriy years, or from 1 Still to His?:, (he powers of darkness arrayed themselves against the Church. The rulers of the nation, generally, were inclined to papacy, and the , nobles, while they were anxious lo get rid of ' the pecuniary burdens of Popery were not in full sympathy Willi Protestant ism. Unfortunately for Scotland it was governed tor the ' tirst twenty yeais after the Reformation began In earnest by regents and an ill-fated queen who was largely under the inllueneeof French papists. The country was in continual dlflicullles. It would not be far from the r truth to say that, until the death of Kliz.abetii. when James VI became king both of scott hind and lOnglaiid,Scotland was governed by the strongest elan. James VI, when he left Scotland to assume cnurcn which ne mui ucciareu was wiu pm-i est "Kirk on earth," and established In its stead a ehurch, which ho once said, was offensive to him, becausc, amoug other tilings, It "kept yule." THE INTRODUCTION OK J'HEI.ATIC CORRUl*. I TIONS. James was by 110 means scrupulous as to the means lie adopted to eflect j his purposes, lie so managed as to get a. number of packed General Assemblies by means ol' which ho procured the introduction of several pretalic corruptions Into the church of Scotland. Among these may be mentioned the Five Articles of Perth. These! were as follows: 1. Kneeling at the communion. 2. The observance of certain days as lioli-l days. Such .'is Christinas, Good Friday, Easter, Ascension and Pentecost. 3. Episcopal Confirmation. J. Private baptism. 5. Private communicating. To these Five Articles of Perth the staunch Presbyterians of Scotland, both ministers and | lay members*, were violently opposed, be-; cause, said they, they had more than a resemblance to the corruptions in the church of! Home. During the latter part of the reign ol James j he did all that he could to corrupt the church | of ills native land. James was a weak man. Ho was pedatlc, cowardly and mean. Jiu died in l?ii> and was succeeded by his son j Charles I. No monarch ever took his scat; on a throne under, apparently, more favor-j able circumstances, and none ever encoun-j tered more real difficulties. He had read the j works of his vain father entitled "True Laws | of Monarchies and lidsilieon Doron." He had' imbibed the opinions contained in these productions, and very soon alter his ascension : practice. The difficulties which Charles had j with his English subjects need not he men-j Honed here. Like his father, Charles thought since he was King of Scotland, he had the ! Indisputable right to dictate to the people ofj the country what they should believe in mat- j ters of religion, and how ihey should worship (Jod. Naturally he was imperious and obsti-i nate. Jie knew no law but his own will. ICINO ('II AIU.KS (iOtvS TO SCOTLAND, AND CAITSES TIlOt'IiLK. In 1 C3rt Charles went lo Scotland that hej might enjoy the pageantry of having tlie! crown of bis ancestors placed on his head.! The first thing he did was to make himself, offensive in t lie eyes of the Scotch, by violat ing the Sabbath day. At the coronation the I notorious Arch-bishop Land showed that it was the determination of himself and the [ king to foist I'relacy, in its most hateful form j upon the Scotch. The Scotch parliament i met and Charles had the effrontery to propose j an act which empowered him to regulate ecclesiastical v es tm en t s. The vote was put, and although the majority was against the king, the suborned clerk declared the act adopted. THK WAY A WOMAN ITT A 1'ltKACIIKIt TO FLIGHT. Trouble now begun. Land prepared Ills; service-book and it was determined it should I t>e used in all the churches in Scotland. One' lames llanna, the dean of Edinburgh, was ; chosen to introduce it ami the High Church j of St. titles, the place. At the hour of public, worship the dean, clad in his surplice, issued : from the vestry anil pissing through the' crowd to the reading desk began the services, i No sooner had he began to read than an old j woman by the name of Janet (icdiles who kept si green sun on High street occaiv.oj aroused, ami seizing 1 11.! home constructed : i stool on which she .sat, hurled it at the head I of the surplice dean wiili all her power, ex-[ claiming "The dell colic the hail o'ye, ye'll na , say mass in my lug." 'I lie dean in Scotch phrase 'Jouked'' and fled. It was well lie did for the air was soon full of stones and sticks.! and the shout was raised **A l'ope?A J'ope? j Antichrist?Pull him down?.Stone him." One i woman cried "Fy, if I could get the thropplc j out of him." We dare not give nn unqualified approval to such transactions, liut wc should rcinem her that it was during that period that the' so I'd s of American liberty were sown. I know not what became of Janet (Jeddes. j Her stool is in the Antiquarian Society'sMus-, | cum in Kdinburgh. The immediate result of: ' the hurling the stool at James IIanna's head j was the persecution of the church of Scot: land hy Laud's party. The wicked career of Charles was brought to' | a close on the .'!i)ih of January, HUH. lie was' tried for treason, found guilty and beheaded.! The Government for eleven years was under the control of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard. The Scotch ' disapproved of the execution of Charles and i crowned his son Charles II. Their opposition 1 lo Cromwell amouiiled to very liltle. In Ki'iO, the Ktnrlish, tired of the common ; wealth, recalled Charles II, then an exile, and : placed him 011 the throne ot his father. ! | Charles II, was very dissolute. He, In early t i ft. mot', ccml iillini'Kiico Irt flirt P.-mviI ( 'iitirph : lie iv(<ouneed this and professed i'resbytcriiiiilsni. This he again renounced and died ! a ('uiholle. His reign extended lront May the -Pth, lo February fith, h?*>. lie was suecceled by his1 ; brother .James the VII or .Scotland and 11 of Kngland. James II abdicated the throno on the 22nd ?il .January, lfiss,and was succeeded by iiisi son-in-law William Hie III, commonly I ' called William Prince of Orange. joTHKll SAC'UIKICKS OF HUMAN I.IKK FOH | TIIK SAKK OK KKI.INION. I Tnc Presbyterian Church of Scotland bad bail an organic existence of about one hundred and lliirty years. Duringall that period \ ; it had been persecuted. It passed through ] trials which tested the power of Divine grace. ; Thousands of its members had been put to death. Kings and queens, civil aud religious dignitaries had rucked their brains in devising modtsof torture and in inventing instruments ol death that they might banish Presbytcrianlsm from the laud. Men and women, pressed down with the weight of years, were dragged from their beds and burned. Young girls in the prime of maiden iunoccncy, ami tender children were led iuto the sea at. low lido and tied to a stake to he overwhelmed by the swelling waves. Ministers of ttie gospel i were forbidden to preach and even to pray | unless they would preach and pray as llu? ' ruling power prescribed. Some of the most I godly ministers the world has ever produced i were put to death, their heads cut oil' and , fastened oyer the gates of cities, and all proi hlbited to remove them on pain of death. ! It is perhaps not strange that during hup "killini: time" pure religion flourished. The word of God, I'anl says to Timothy, "is not ! burned." It is claimed that the purest period j in the history ol' the Outran of Scotland is | embraced between the years lii'is mid ln.'iO. It | was during that period that Hie Westminster J Assembly uictsitid framed tlie Westminster I Confession of Failh and Larger and Shorter ! Catechisms. i Puring tlie period of these persecutions, ; thousand* were put to death l)-eaus<* they ! claimed tile privib-g"! of worshiping <!od in | lie manlier whieii In; has revealed in his 'word, but the Holy Spirit raised up tliouslands to take the places of tlio-e who had ; sealed their testimony with llu-ir blood. When .lames the 11 abdicated llie throne of ; Kligluud and Scotland, and the I'rincc of | orange was declared king, Presbylcnaiiism was so far us man could see, dead in Scotland. The General Assembly had not met. for nearly thirty years. Ail the ministers, except sixty, had either been silenced, that is forbidden to preach, or gone into tlie I'relatic ' Church established by tlie civil authorities, j Those ministers who had not gone into the I'lvlalie Conreli were (.Id men. wnrn|out with I age and broken pown by cruel oppression. ] The Stewarts had apparently removed every obstacle in llie way to the introduction of Papacy. James 11 actually did introduce it. and had lie not been, in the providence of God removed, the whole island fr.iin the IVtil.laiid Kirlh to I.auds lOnd, would have 1 been placed umb r the iron hei-1 of the I'ope j of Koine. 1 When William the III assumed the Govern the Governmentof Imtli England and Scotland, declared that Hie Kirk of Scotland, was the purest Kirk on earth. lint all the stewards were double tongued Cretan.0. At heart he and his son and grandsons were papists, because papacy is opposed to republicanism and favorable to monarchy. All the Stewarts wore fully convfnced that kiugs are above all law, and the people are only subjects whose only privilege is to obey. James began to reign as king of Scotland in March, 1->7S, and as king of both Scotland and ; England In March, l'!0.'i. For a period of nearly fifty-eight years he was king of Scotland, and for twenty-two years king of both Eng-j land and Scotland. All things considered, lie i was a weak soverign. Were it not, that it; was during his reign, and in some sense by' his encouragement, what is improperly called j the authorized translation of the Bible was made, his name might very well be erased from the page of history, lie was a Scotchman ami in the early part of his rel-rfi a prrt tessed friend of the Presbyterian church of Scotland. About l.l!'" he began to show signs I that.be was favorably inclined to prelacy. The prospective nearness of his ascension to! the throne of England, evidently brought i about a change in his religious notions. Sol soon as lie became king of England he ceased | lo regard wiih favor the church of Scotland.! Prelacy was exceedingly offensive to tliei Switch people, .lames knew this and at one lime declared that It was offensive to him. Presbyterian ism, with its grand simplicity, stood in his way as an adamantine wall. It stands in the way of all men who have as high notions of the Divine right of kings as fom/ie ltn.1 Thn inuvim r*f .Inmny "nd nishop no King." Willi this principle llrmly i Used in his mind lie cxcricd himself. In every possible way, to root out of existence the i I mont. he granted tlie Scotch people the privilege of re-establishing their ardently cherished form of church government. Many were the dillicultles with which the Church of Scotland had at this time to contend. Thcl Scottish Parliament metin KiOO,"declared Prelacy a great and insupportable grievance to the nation, and contrary to the Inclination of the generality of the people ever since the Reformation." The.same ParliamentreestabHshed Presbyteri.-mism as It existed or was ratified by Parliament in 1592, when it was in a formative condition. This gave great offense to many of the Scotch ppoplo, who desired the elmrch to bo re-established in eonformity to the advancement which It had made in lhe period embraced between the years I0."!S and 1180. In 1G01 the new Parliament tinder Charles II, passed a sweeping act rescinding without exception, all the Parliament acts passed since 1G.TI. This abolished nil the laws in favor of Presbyterian Ism as well as those In favor of civil liberty, A large number of the Scotch people felt that this Reelssory Act should have beon repealed by the Parliament of HJGI. TURKIC CLASSICS OK PREACHERS. There were in the Church of Scotland at the time ot the Revolutionary settlement, three classes of ministers: 1. The sixty old Presbyterian ministers who had remained firm and unflinching, amid all the trials and ner.'cculions of the nast. in the faith and practice of the l'resbyturlan Church. 2. There was another class composed of ministers who had accepted indulgences and entered the Preiatic church established by the civil authorities. They were regarded as men who loved loaves and fishes more than they did cither the Confession of Faith or the solemn league and covenant. :i. The remaining class was made of individuals who were, In accordance with the convictions of their minds, Prclatists. All those, the persecuted and persecutors all went Into the re-established Presbyterian church. The only honest ministers in the whole tieneral Assembly were the sixty old men, who had been prohibited by the sharp sword of the civil power from preaching the gospel. There was in reality no real harmony of sentiment among the ministers of the reestablished church. How could there he any harmony? There were sixty rigid Presbyterian*. Of the others some were rigid prelatlsts, and the others were whatever was necessary In order to retain their livings, or, as we would say, to retain their salaries. But while all the Protestant ministers of .Scotland entered Into the Presbyterian church as re-established after the Revolutionary settlement, there were a number of the people who refused to affiliate with the new organization. These scl( sacrificing individuals anil their descendants, after a lapse of more than half a century, organized the Reformed Presbyterian Church?one of the ecclesiastical nrtApiF'i I'll nnfAriiwr Inf/i IliA nnirm which formed the Associate Reformed Church. DATK OK TJIK ORIfilX OF THE IIEFOIIMED 1'RliSHYTEKIAN CHURCH. During tiie persecuting period the Presbyterians of Scotland became divided into two parties. These were called Itesoludoners and Protestors. Those parties had their origin in a difference of opinion concerning an act of the Parliament which rescinded the Act of Classes. This Act of Classes excluded certain Individuals, because of offences, from holding places of clmcr honor or trust. The Ilesolutioncrs favored the Resolution to rescind while the Protestors opposed it. The Individuals excluded by the Act of Classes were called Malignants. They were generally Itoman Cat holies and bitterly opposed t.o both the Kesolutioners and Protestors. They were opposed to civil liberty and every form of government which was not tributary to the Pope of Rome. The Protestors and Ucsolu I loners waxed warm in their opposition to each other, and after, or rather at, the battle of Rothwell Bridge,011 thc*22ud of June, HI79, they separated. This may be regarded as the date of the origin of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. They have never been numerous, but they have been a mighty power in defeuce of civil and religious liberty. Their inotto is. "give me liberty, or give me death." In religion they were the tirmaml unwavering adherents l,> l iin u'mliiiiiidiip I '>M<r?ccl?n (if lAi 11 h The lirst ministers of the Reformed Presbyterians or "Hill Folk," as they were snceringly called, were Donald C'arglll and Richard Cameron. At the lime of the Revolutionary settlement all these ministers had obtained a martyr's crown,except three. Richard Cameron fell at Alrdsmoss. Donald Cargill was hangod in Kdinhurir, and iiis head placed on the Nether How. James Ren wick, t he Inst of the Scotch martyrs, was put todeath asbort lime before James II abdicated the throne. Alexander Shields, Thomas I.Inning and Willi im Boyd, the three remaining ministers, wont into the reestablished I'resbyterlan church at the Revolutionary settlement. "society* I'Kori.k." From 10SS to 1707 these per,pie were without a minister. They organized themselves into societies, met at each others houses on the Sabbath day, read the Scriptures, sung I'salms, and catechised the young people, because of this practice I hey were often called "society people."' In 1707 they were Joined ?<y Rev. John McMillan,and in 1712 by Rev. Thomas Nairn. On the 1st of August, 17M, Revs. John .McMillan and Thomas Nairn organized the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Those who organized Ihe Associate Presbytery were thrust out. of the Church ol Scotland for the identical same reasons that the Reformed Presbyterians did not ko Into It at tlie time of the Revolutionary settlement. a nirruofJKNKors mass. As already stated, then; was a want of unity In thfChureh ot Scotland as established hy permission <>f William of <>range. The mass of the common people were thorough I'resbyterlans. The ministers were divided in sentiment with ro^.ird lo certain doctrines, and also with regard to the form of Church Government. A few were, as respects church government, I'resbylerians ; some were either l'rcsbyterlans or Prelatists to suit their circumstances. "They wore everything by turns, and notiiiiu lomr." The remainder were Prelatlsts from conviction. In doctrine there were in the Presbyteri". . Church rigid t'alvinists and loose Armaniaiis, thorough Triiiitariaiisuiid rank Arians. Ii could not be otherwise than that this hetrogcncous mass would be productive of corruption. The Scotch people wete, soon after tlie Kcvolutionary settlement, involved in trouble. l*rom Iixks the Crown of Knyland and that of Scotland had been united. The two nations were distinct ami separate. Kaeli hadltsown parliament and its own laws, but both had the same Sovereign. In 17(17 the two nations were united. On thelNih of April of that year, the Scotch Parliament was dissolved, and the two Kingdoms united into one with the designation Kingdom of Grent Britain. Whatever advantages Scotland may have reaped from this union, it was exceedingly humbling to the nitiimi:il iiride iif the Scotch. For more than n thousand years the two kingdoms had been at war. The Scutch could point witti pride to Robert Bruce and Bannockburn. So?tie of the Scotch were in favor of the union, and others were opposed to it. The tendency, after the union, was to introduce into thu Scotch Church KngIKh notions of religion. Many tilings hindered the unifying of the ministers ot the Church of Scotland. JIKIJKTH'AI. IKHTKIXKS WKit 10 I'KKAUI Kl). I It was not long after the Revolutionary settlement until it. became manifest that doctrines clearly contrary to the doctrines of the Westminster Confession ot Faith were preached by some ministers from the pulpit and taught by professors in the Theological | Seminary. .John Simson, professor of Theology in the I'niversity of Glasgow, taught doctrines which were subversive of ttie fuiulai meuUil principles of the Christian religion, i He denied the the numerical oneness of the I Three Persons of the Trinity in substance or iessence,'* and in substance (might Unit the j atonement made by Jesus Cin ist is not abso' iutely necessary in order to salvation. ! Notwithstanding these and inauy other ! doctrines held and taught by I'rolessor Simson are plainly in contlict with the Bible and [ the received doctrinal standards of the : Church of Scotland, it was years before the highest courl lit the Churcii proiiimteu nun froin giving utterance lo his wild dogmas. . He had a strong party In the General Assembly. The whole Church of Scotland was thrown into a State of breathless excitement by i he publication of a book culled the "Marrow of Modern Divinity." With the exeepj tion of a few, the ministers of several General Assemblies pronounced the Marrow of Modern Divinity a hetrodox production. The book has survived its enemies, anil is to-day regarded by all tin; i'reshyterian dcnoinina' lion.-in Ktirope,and !*.v nearly all in America, as strictly orthodox. this nt.ooii iik tun sfi.M'rni was stii:i:i:i?. ' The trials of John Simson and the conlro1 ver.*ics siiiniit !lie Marrow of .Modern Divinity stirred the blood of the Scotch. 'J'hc people as a whole, or neatly so, were oppoM'd lo ! John sim-oii. ami in lavor of the Marrow of Modern Divinity. 'I lie ministers were divided, but in what proport ion it is not easy to ! determine. TI.e majority, apparently, were in favor of the Arian protcssor and opposed ; to the Marrow of Modern Divinity. i Tho proximate cause of the organization ; of the Associate 1're.*bytcry was a (inference , of opinion will) regard to the proper manner of settling pastors over vacant congregations. 1 Here It musl. be staled that the Church of !Scotland always, and even to this day. labors 1 under the serious disadvantage that it la a kind ofSkito institution. John Knox and \ tho Mel viles did a great deal for the cause of g civil and religious liberty, but tlicy entangled the Chorcb with the State, and the Church of I] Scotland always has been, and Is to-day, H cramped by4the State. Atthotlrne of the Reformation more than 1 one-half of the.wealth of the Kingdom was g in the Roman Catholic Church. ri At the Reformation, when Papacy was t abolished and Protestantism established, the v revenuesof the Papal Church was, with some a exceptions, turned over to the Presbyterian v Church, C r PATRONAGE?TUB SETTLEMENT OK VACANT p CHUJtt'HBS. 0 Each congregation had its patron, that Is t, an individual who had acquired the right of t appointing the pistor. This patronage law. i always offensive to the Scotch, still it rcmains. Patronage is a relic of the darlc days | uf popery. The right of patronage, that Is, r the right to present a ill person to a vacant -r church benefice, was originally acquired in the following ways, according to Strolnius : c "1. When one makes a gift of ground on j which to build a church. t "2. When one might build a church with i; consent of the bishop. s "3. When one might bestow upon a church, j, or mortify in favor of tho Incumbent, a con- r sidcrablo maintainance. That Is, an endow- t mrnt, a house, or land made a patron. c "I. One may be a patron by a gift derived v from the Pope. i "5. By an immemorial custom of present- u Inc." i In Scotland the right of patronage was property. It could be bought and sold, and i otherwise trealed as property in general. The First Hook of Discipline vested the choice of a pastor In the people. The Second Book of Discipline vested the c choice of a pastor In the eldership, but gave the people tho privilege of objecting. Still the consent of the patron had to be obtained ' or It would be a settlement without a benefice. Tho patronngo law was abolished in 1649, revived during the time of Charles the Second, and again abolished in 1G90, and again revived in 1712. For some years after 1712 the evils of patronage were not felt. Ministers at flrst neglected to accept of presentations when they did not get the call of the people. But things soon changed. Ministers are but men, and sometimes they show that they are very carnal men. Sometimes tho patron would present one man, and the people would elect another to be thnlr pastor. What was at tho time properly called violent intrusions became common. Ministers were ordained and Installed over a people who would not hear them preach. Not unfrequently an armed body of soldiers, clad in all the panoply of war, were required to protect a committee while gointf through the awful farce of settling a pastor on a congregation for no other purpose than that he might get the pay. These violent Intrusions were generally affected by a committee appointed by the General Assembly. About the year 173G the General Assembly determined that the law of patronage should beinforcc. To accomplish this it was neces- t sary to permit no dissents from or protests ! against any of their acts regarding the set- t Moment of vacant churches. c In 1731 an overture was sent down to the Presbyteries, the avowed object of which was 1 to establish uniformity in the mode of settling vacant churches, the real object however, was to take the choice of a pastor wholly out of the hands of the people and ( place it in tho hands of Protestant heritors, ( magistrates, town councils and the elders. J There were In the Church of Scotland at tho ' time sixty-seven presbyteries. Forty-nine re- ? ported. Thirty-one were dccidedly opposed ' to the overture, twelve favored It with certain * amendments. Only six out of the forty-nine reporting were in favor of it. Notwltbstand- I Ing the overture was lost the Assembly in ' the face of the vote, passed it Into a law In < 1":>2. It was the passage of this law that led ' to the organization of the Associate Presbytery. OUR FATHERS WERE NOT SECEDERS?THEY I WKItE THRUST OUT OK THE CHURCH. , The right, of protesting against anything which the General Assembly might do in the matter of settling vacant churches being denied, Itev. Kbenezer Erskine, being the re- ' tiling moderator of the Synod of Perth and f Stirling pre iched a sermon at the meeting of | the Synod on the 10th of October, 1732. The ' sermon was founded on Psalm cxvlil: 22? ' "Tho stone which tho builders refused is ' made the head of the corner." For this ser- I mon he;wns censured by the Synod of Perth ? and Stirling and rebuked by the General As- ' sembly. Against the retiuUo he protested. ' Revs. William Wilson. Alexander Moncrief, ( and James Fisher adhered to his protests. 1 These four breihren were turned over hy the ! General Assembly to their commission to be 1 dealt with as they saw tit. The commission 1 did deal with thein, and on the Kith of No- ' vember, 17:1.1, dissolved their pastoral relations and declared them no longer ministers 1 of the Church of Scotland. They did not ! Secede. They were not Secedcrs. They were thrust out of the Church which Ihey loved, honored and respected, because they would not silently suffer the people of God to be made the miserable slaves of heritors, magistrates and town couucils. , ORGANIZATION OF THE KIltST ASSOCIATE KEKOKM El> l'RKSll YTKHV. On the5th of December, 17.)'!, they met at Galrney Ilrldge, near Kinross,?spent the day in prayer and solemn deliberation, anil tlio next day at two o'clock organized the Associate Presbytery, Kev. Kbenezvr Krskluc lending in the constituting prayer. Such briefly is the origin of the Associate Presbytery For four years the members of the Associate Presbytery acted very prudently. They were permitted to retain possession of their houses of worship and the members of their congregation adhered to theni with unwavering fidelity. In 1710 the doors of their churches were closed by order of the General Assembly and civil authorities. They preached in the open air until houses ol worship were built. The Associate Presbytery received the sympathy and hearty approval of a large number of the people. They received petitions from many sections of Scotland, from Ireland, and America for the dispensation of the means of L'rai-L1 almost as soon as the Presbytery was or yjlll i zed. MINISTKl'S Ml'I.TII'MKU, lJL'SIXRSS INCKEAS El), AN1) A SYNOll WAS OltfiAN I/.EI). The number of Associate Ministers multiplied rapidly and the business of Ihe churcli increased. I-'or the convenience of the members of I lie Pieshytery nnd also to expedite j the transaction of business, it was resolved in 1741 to divide ilie Presbytery into three Presbyteries and organize a Synod. There were at that time in connection with Ihe Associate church tweniy-six ordained ministers. The number of congregations was, including the vacancies, nearly tifty. Unfortunately, the Associate Synod had scarcely be^un Us organic existence when a question was sprung upon it, which, after bitter debates, resulted in a rupture. The question was a certain Hurgcss oath which read as follows: "Here, I protest before God, and your Lordships, that I profess, and allow with my heart, tlie true religion presently professed within tills realm, and authorized hy ilia laws (hereof: I shall abide thereat, and defend the same to my life's end; denouncing the Kontan religion called papistry." The controversy turned on the interpretation Riven to the words "true religion presently professed in tills realm." One part of the Synod interpreted it to mean the church of Scotland with all the corruption on account of which j they had been thrust out. Tho other pnrt insisted that the words meant the church of I Scotland without its corruptions. The con I irovei'sy grew wiirm. iiium; miu mm ucui ! loving brethren became alienated, and on the j !MIt of April, " 717, the Associate Synod was dlj vided. One parly was afterwards known as I the General Associate, or Antiburgher Synod, and the other as the Associate or Burgher | Synod. After being separated lor a period of I more than seventy-three years, during much I of which time they lived not as brethren, ! they were on the8th of September, 1S20, united j into one ecclesiastical body with the name ITJIK 1'NITEH ASSOCIATE SYNOD OK T1IE SE* CESSION CIll'KCII. j It. was a remarkable providence that the un" | ion was consummated in I! risto Street Church1 ! Edinburgh, the same place where the rupture ; occurred. A respectable number of ministers ; opposed the union and did not go luto it, but . perpetuated what is known as the oitldlNAL . secession oilmen. The total number of ' ministers at the timo of the union was two ; hundred and sixty-two. tlte i-ii 1st i'kksitvteuy in amek1c.v. ! At a period many years prior to the organi* i xnlloii of the Ash chito Presliylory many in* j dividual* holding 111.* peculiar religious and : political opinions of the Unformed Presbyterian ('lunch came lo America, and there were members of the Associate l'resbytery in A mortal before the Associate Synod was organized The ' Hrst minister in connection with tin; Keforiiw-d Presbyterian Church, who came to America, was Kev. John Cuthhertson. lie landed in America in the summer of 1751. on the loth of .March, 1771, llcvs. John Cntlibertsou, Mathcw Mnn and Alexander Dobbin organized a Reformed Presbyterian Presbytery. The first Associate ministers who came to America were ltevs, Alexander i.ellatly and Andrew Arnoi. They reached Pcnnsylvntiia in the latter part.of 17ft!, and on the :>nd of November, iif>.">, they organized the Presbytery of Pennsylvania. The Presbytery of Peunsy Ivaula was on the "JJth of May, 1770, dl ided and the name Presbytery of New York ;lven to the new Presbytery thus formed. Associate Presbyterians and Reformed Preslytcrinns began to emigrate from Ireland and Icotland and come to America. They settled n nearly all the thirteen original States, lurghers and Antlburghers, finding no Bursas oath to wrangle about, united Tn harmoly and both lived In peace and harmony with he followers of Cameron and Carglll. The rar between the colonies began very soon, nut both parlies entered into the struggle rith all their might. Both claimed that Jreat. Britain had done dishonor to the crown Ights of Jesus Christ. While others were ileadlngforn redress of grievances they, as me man, exclaimed "give us liberty, or give is death." Afler a negotiation, extending hrough several years, the Associate Prpsbyeries of Pennsylvania and New York and the tetormed Presbytorlan Prebytery of America inlted on the 81st of October, 1782, thus formng one body to which they gave the approbate name associatk hkkormed puesbykiuan*'ciiurch. This union, however wise, was not approved if by all in either parly. All the Reformed 'resbyterlan ministers, except one, went into lie union, but a respectable minority of the ay members did not. and there is a very repectable body of Christians to-day in Amerua who bear the time-honored name, Covei.inters. Two Associate ministers, and a lumber of the members of the Associate hurch refuse to go Into the union. These vuui? iu wui anu ifjnajicu i* r?ujmiuw; uicowzatlon until the2<ithof May, 1858 when they inlted with tho Associate Reformed Church n the North and formed what is known as HE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NOKTII AMERICA. When, in 1782, the Associate Reformed Synid was organized, the prospects were brighter, s'ew Presbyteries were soon organized, new ields of usefulness were soon opened up, a 'heological Seminary, the lirst organized In America, was established. And In the course if twenty years four Synods?New York, ennsylvania, Scioto and the Carollnas wero irganized. And In 1804 a General Synod was irgunlzed. It was but a few years, however, after tha irganizatlon of the General Synod until the hurch became divided on a number of quesions. Soine of these questions were of little >r 110 weight, while others were of vital Iramrtance. A spirit of Innovation seems to iave taken possession of Rome of the leading nembers of the church, which others seem to mve been disposed to regard every thing vhlch had not been done by the church in relarid or Scotland as sinful. About the year 1811 the Associate Reformed ,'hurch was in a deplorable condition. On the 1st of May, 1822, the General Synod, contrary 0 the judgment of a majority of the Presbyeries, by a vote of seven yeas, live nays and our silent, adopted a basis of union with, the ieneral Assembly of the Presbyterian church, nid on the 23rd of the same month dissolved lie General Synod of the Associate Reformed .'hurch, sung the 130th Psalm and sneaked >11' home. On the 27th of April, 1820, the Synod of Sclo.0 withdrew, and on the 19th of May, 1821, the Synod of the Carollnas had, by permission ol he General Synod, become independent and :o-ordinate. VIIAT WAS DONE IN NEW1JERRY COUNTY IN 1822. on the 1st or April; 1S2-J, the synod or the jaroiinas met at Kings Creek in Newberrj Jounty. South Carolina. On motion of Rev, lohn Hemphill. i). i)., nnd Kcv. William ilackstock, the following resolution was "car led unanimously." "Moved that this Synod >e hereafter known by the name of the as lociate kkfokmed synod ok the southidticring to tiie Constitution and Standards o he Associate Reformed Church, in that sense n which they were received when udopted ai Jreencastle in the year 17U9, and uniformlj icted upon until the year 1811." Thus I have as brierty as possible traced th? ilstory of the Associate Reformed Synod oi .lie South. It Is the only body of Christians u tiie world which bears the name. IT was not slavery, but psalmody and communion. It is thought, even by some of the members if the Associate Reformed Church, that th? Synod of Hie Carolines withdrew from the jeneral Synod on account of Slavery. This s incorrcct. The Slavery question had nol ine thing to do with that action. In a papei lrawn up by tiie Synod of the Carolinas, ir 1821, they stated their reasons for desiring tc lo what they afterwards did. They say "By t resolution ol the General Synod in 1820, w( were prohibited, on pain of censure, from re juiring our members to conform to the Con <titutlon and Standards of our church on th< subjects of Psalmody and Communion. No feeling ourselves nt liberty to abandon oui Constitution and Standards in the manner re quired, nor willing to be censured for adher ing to the order therein established . . therefore we request permission to form our selves into a sister co-ordinate Synod." no politics in this chukch. This paragraph contains tiie reason why th< synod withdrew from the General Synod fhe members of the Associate HeformedSyn ocl of the South havegreat reason to be tbank fui that they ha e never drsigged polltica questions into their ecclesiastical courts. Although all of those religious bodies witl: tin* Rnfnrmprl f!lttirr*h In In. Minutely connected?having the same confes sum of faith unci singitig the same realms ii: the same version, and who have a commor origin, all tracing their origin back either t( Kbenezer Kr>klne or Richard Cameron, hav< fumed and foamed and continue to fume ant foam about slavery, the Associate Reformei Synod of the South has in this matter, if ir uo other, given toCsesur the tilings that be long to Ca.\sar and to Uod the things that be long to (iod. The ministers of the AssoclaU Reiornied Synod of the South preached tin gospel to the slaves of the South, recelvet them into the Church, baptized their chR dren, administered to them the sacrement o the I.ord's Supper and taught them, accord ing to the Instruction of Paul to Titus, "t< adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in al tilings; fur tlie grace of God that brlngetl salvation, Hath appeared to all men ?1< slaves as well as their masters. A few sentences will contain all that it ii necessary to say respecting the doctrines held by the Associate Reformed Church. Theyari nearly t lie same as those contained in tin Westminster Confession of Kuitli adopted b> the Church of Scotland in 1017. DISTIXCTIVK l'KATUKES. The only change made by our forefathers in IT'Jit, was to expunge those sections, oi pa ts of sections, which gave the civil magls trates jurisdiction in matters purely eccle .? ? I Tl?r* /-l/^h'lnno r?rm hi I r? r?rl in llw Larger and .Shorter Catechisms are the doc trincs held by the Assoc in to Reformed Synod of the South. The distinctive features of tlx Associate Reformed Church is the t-xclusivi use of the Psalms of tlie Hibie in the wor ship of God. both publicly and privately, t regulated restricted communion, and the pro hlbitlon of the use of instrumental music Ii the worship of God. Such is the law of the Church, but it is sometimes violated with 1m punlty. TIIK OROWTII OF THE CHUBCII. As to what the Associate Reformed Synoc of the South lias done, there Is no place foi boast iiii,', but ureat cause for heart-felt thanks giving to the King and Head of the Church When, in 1822, the Synod withdrew from tlx General Synod there were the names of onlj ten ministers on the roll. There was butoni pastoral charge westthe Savannah. Now tlx denomination has flourishing pastoral chargei in twelve States and a Presbytery in the lant of the Montcznmas. Then there was bu two small Presbyteries, now there are nine Then our people had no college. Now w< have a college of our own, endowed and do lug a good work, not only for the Assoclat Reformed church, but for the whole country ADMONITION' TO CONTINUED FIDELITY T< THE FAITH OF OUK FATHERS. There is a bright future before us. The As sociate Reformed church has passed througt dark duys. God has always stood by her Let us resolve here to-day that we will b< faithful as our illustrious fathers were faith ful. The admonition comes to us from everj quarter to attend to our own business and le others people's business alone. We may a well put a stop at onco to all negotiation with respect to union. With the blessing o God we can walk alone. The grand ole . liur/'h u-lilHi our fathers ortranized on tilil spot has passed many trials, but she Is 110th lug the worse of having had those trials. Le us, tit titers and brethren, brothers and sisters begin another century of our existence will grateful hearts. ASH I.KT I'SSINO I'SAI.MS NOW AND KOKEVKI I,9t us sing l'salins while we live, and teael our children to sing 1'saltns. This fust ag may stare at us, but we need not care. Th l'harlsees said Jesus Christ had a devil, am cast out devils by lk-lzcbiib the prince o devils, but Jesus Christ is still casting ou devils, and men and women will be singhi; David's l'snlms when Jesus Christ couics t judge the world in righteousness. About 10,000 Italian priests have sc cretly signed a petition to the Govern ment praying for protection agains the tyranny of the Vatican. The; have Iwen promised assistance by sev eral Deputies, who will plead tbei cause in Parliament. What Others Say. 8.8, Times. Speech is largely moulded by character, as character Is, in turn, more or * less molded by speech. Expression la the pressing out, or outward exhibit,'of that which was within. Every one, from the most commonplace talker to the most cultivated writer, shows bis personality in his favorite words and phrases, or idiosyncrasies of speech and action. These are the expression of himself; and, however unconscious of that expression he may be, there is , an association of his actions with bis speech, of himself with his phrases, which becomes a powerful influence over the lives of others who are or have been constantly with him. A child wlio has repeatedly seen his father in trying situations, who has heard him asked to do that which was against ins principles, who lias heard his expressions of conviction, and seen his correspondent actions, may, in later life, be called upon to make such decisions, to declare himself in similar situations. Then will he find his father's words soundiug in his ears and creeping to his lips. If he has been undecided or wavering, he inay be stimulated into strength by the new 'M recollection of familiar phrases which, as they have been formed by his father's character, in turn become the former of his. Our characters are bound to show out more or less in a pet phrase, as an habitual word, a shrug of the shoulder, a frown, or a smile. These may become half-conscious or unconscious habits with us; but somewhere, some day, it may be long after we are gone, that expression of speech, of countenance, or of limb, may, by some newly awakened association, become a power for tbe making or . breaking of the manhood or character of those by whom we may be only half remembered. Let us bear in mind that, whether we will or not, we i live not to ourselves nor alone for our own day and generation. Our responsibility lives in others also. New York Christian Advocate: | What are the facts? Twice the church r has been asked to vote in a "plan :PM for lay delegation." At the first vote nrilv male members had the ballot. ~ ' -A and they promptly voted it down. At the second vote the help of women i was sought, and in such general terms ' that the laity of the church thought ; that all that lay delegation included. - was open to all members irrespective 1 of sex. The General Conference was ; asked to settle the question: "Who are r laymen?" In unequivocal language . the answer given was : "The General , Conference holds that in all (not Dart) matters connected with the selection > of lay delegates, the word 'laymen' ; must*(not may) be understood to include all the members of the church , who are not members of the anual conferences." | The ^Richmond Christian jidyo> caie says: . ' There is still a prejudice against a : preacher who has won by hard service i and stinting economy or by inheri> tance a rooftree for the children. i Folks who would not give the orphan . - of an itinerant a dime to keep him from an almshouse grumble that their * ? s- it ui_ti i. I ? minister minister i? wuiiuij ?iu r fuct, owns a lot at some college where the children may get an education if " rendered fatherless. There are men who give the daylight to the church and the night to toil with pen for a distant press to leave a small store of 5 savings for their little ones. What ! conies to the purse from this source la hid for fear some stingy saint who l" sings with closed eyes as the basket g .cs around will demand its expendl | ture for his benefit. i The Southwestern Methodist has ' this: One who goes out to convert sinners i and yet can not be trusted to pay his 1 debts; the man who leads the class at . church and abuses his wife at home; I the professing Christian who thinks *j himself a saint because he reads the li Bible through once a vear on his ! knees, and yet seems to his neighbor {l as one who never read the Bible at all: j i the woman whose zeal to be a missionijary lets her own family run to ruin? J lull these mark perversions of piety?a deformed, misshapen religious life s that needs the correcting influence, ' not of more fervor of spirit, which B would only aggravate the evil, but the ' correction of common sense. MethodLit Times. ? ''We must have," said Mrs. Chant, [ "peace in our schools, peace in our I newspapers, peace in our pulpits and - peace in our legislature: we want to i turn our barracks into technical ? schools; we want the Spirit of Christ, ' instead of the war spirit, which knows I nothing about sorrow or sadness or - broken hearts; and that is why we ask | you to join us in casting out the var ' spirit, with the help of Him whose watchword is, "Peace on earth, good will to men." ' "The poisoning of water or food Is a mode of warfare absolutely forbidden ; . lMif tnrninir off the SUDDlv bv StOD \ ping convoys of food to the enemy Is 3 one of the usual methods of reducing 5 them to submission." Human nature I revolts at the idea of poisoning food or t water, but to starve an enemy or mad den him with thirst is a usual method ? of reducing him tosubmission. When 3 will the world see that one is as astro* cious as the other? The two ugliest things on earth are the man who looks like a girl aud the i girl who looks like a man. How seldom do we look upon a duty ! as an unpaid debt ! Duty is somer thing that we ought to do. Primari1 ly the word "ought" is nothing else g thau the past tense of "owe." So, if r our words mean anything, they mean 1 that we ought, we owe. Many a one ! lightly admits that he ought to do a t thing, when he would be disturbed to ' find himself a debtor complacently 1 viewing his unpaid creditors. We think too often of duty as something " affecting only ourselves. The praise ? of its doing, the blame of its not doe iug, are ours?and there we rest it as J our business. r But, viewed in the light of ? a debt,?of that which we ought (or n nwi>). -its neglect is the defrauding of another, or others, of a just claim. And no one is so likely to be defrauded as God, because to him we owe all things. Is not he who refuses to do " what he admits that he ought, con* demned, by his own words, as a moral defaulter? r Work and play are necessary, but they should not be mixed.