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V " : t . . " il ;1 The Press and Banner, ABBEVILLE , S.C. Wednesday, March 16, 1887. The Spasm Abont Teacher*' Salaries. The salaries In Abbeville range from ten to twenty dollars a month. It will be nara ior the scuool authorities of that connty to get good teachers at such figures. The tendency of the reduction In salaries will be In the direction of driving good men and women out of the profession, reducing the teacher's calling to a mere expedient for making money when other means fall, and, of course, Impairing the efficiency of the common schools. The "teaching capacity" of a man or a woman may not bo affected by poor pay. Nor Is It true that the interest of the teacher In school work Is certain to be abated by the consciousness of Insufficient compensation. The fact that the teachers of Abbeville did as faithful work at small salaries as they have done at larger ones goes only to prove their conscientious devotion to duty and their right to better treatment than the Press and Banner now seems disposed to accord them. The danger to the schools in Abbeville, aB a result of the cutting down of the teachers' pay, lies chiefly in the certainty of driving talent out of the business and leaving it in the hands of parties who cannot earn a subsistence at anything else. This would soon result in a waste of all the money spent on the Abbeville school. An incompetent teacher is dear at any price. The competent ones are going to quit the Abbeville schools Just so soon as opportunity presents Itself.?Columbia Record. What the Press and Banner has said about the teachers of Abbeville county working for twenty dollare a month from the public runa Is a solid fact. When we say that the same teachers, in the main, now work for 820 who were paid 540 Is also a fact. That the teachers of Abbeville county are, as a rule, giving abundant satisfaction to the patrons of the BChools is another fact. That twenty dollars a month for the teachers is, in many instances, a God-send, i6 another fact That as a rule, the learned professions are poorly paid is also true. What per cent, of the lawyers, doctors, preachers and editors, can pay their bills to-day. In our opinion, nine-tenths of the people who try to make a living by their education make very little money. While in the other learned professions there are many who have a very limited credit, yet we are not acquainted with a single teacher who does not pay bis bills, and who has not credit as far as he wants. The idea of a man taking up one of the ' learned professions at S20 a month, "merely as an expedient to make money" is preposterous. Those who work at the business for this omoit nri<u> 1ava fh?ir nrofe.oslon and follow tbe business from the highest and purest motives. But let the pay be increased to 850 or 175 a month and then these mercenary creatures of whom tbe Record speaks, will apply by the dozen, and may have no higher ambition than to receive the high salary. The situation lu Abbeville county Is about In this way. A large majority of the teachers are ladies, and they are good teachers?fitted by nature and by education, to train little children. Onr Female Colleges have seut their gi;. nates into nearly every neighborhood. These young ladies in many instances, are spirited, and prefer a little of that glorious privilege of being independent. Rather than be a tax on their fathers for every ribbon and erery flower which they wear, they are glad to get a situation as teacher which will pay them one dollar a day for five hours work. They nor their brothers can make as much by twelve hours bard work In the home or on the term. We trust that this spasm in behalf of the teachers and against the children, may pass off. We think the public has been disgusted with this ceaseless and never-ending talk of higher pay to teachers and less education for tbe children. Even at }!0a month the children in many sections get almost no good of the public schools. A Word to the Baptist Courier. In our remarks two weeks ago, to the BopJ,_J ?"? *"* o ntf tntanHnn nf lm. I UN twar.ci , v*o uiovmnu u?.j 11*wumkvu v puting Improper motives to the editor of thnt Journal, and have violated unwittingly?If our article can be so construed?the amenities of Journalism. But in any event the Courier i editor has been avenged. That paper Is now 1 more than even with the Prcsi and Banner in the matter of a lack of Journalistic amenities. The Courier closes Its remarks by the expression of the opinion that we would make , amends In our better moments. In reply to this we would say that, even In our very worst moment?, we never dreamed of saying anything of our friend which was susceptible of the construction which he has put upon our article. i His counsel and admonition may have beeu Intended only for friends, his temperance allies, on the ground that his enemies, the ^ liquor dealers and their friends, were beyond the reach of "moral suasion." But, at any ( rate. If the Courier wonld write Its pieces so , plain that simple folk like the Prew and -Banner could understand Its position, that paper might have less reason to complain of us. If i the flies of the Courier doesn't show sys ujiiiuuu auverse criuciaujN ui iuo rruuiuiuuu . party for several months past, then we are mistaken. If it has once in that time reproved the liquor men for any actual violation of the law or for a wrong done to the Prohibition party, we do not recollect the fact. In Abbeville county the prohibitionists have been denied thelprlyilege of voting on the license question. Did tlie Cour. ier take notice of lhat fact? Does the Courier think the Legislature has treated the temperance people in Abbeville county in a fair and proper manner? If not when did it protest? Our candidates for the Legislature promised to see that the people should be allowed to express, by ballot, their will as to the licensed sale of whiskey In this county. Five of the six that were elected made no effort at all. so far as we are Informed, to fulfil -? - their engagement or promise to the voters. Does the Courier recognize in,this nothing to criticise? As matter of fact, we would be glad if our friend and brother would let us know what "methods" the Prohibition people have adopted that are objectionable, and that doserve his frequent lectures. Since the "honors are easy" on the subject yjk juuuiuiiobiu auicuui^H, may we noi nope i for harmonious work Id the future for the j advancement of the good cause of temperance, and that good humor may hereafter < prevail between the frlenda of a lifetime? The Cumberland Gap Railroad. There Is a rumor to the effect that those 1 towns and townships that voted uncondltlon- 1 ally a tax for the benefit of the Cumberland Gap road will now be required to Issue their bonds to raise money to complete the survey from Eastatoe Gap to whatever point may be selected la Kentucky as the terminus of the road. This survey to cost 510,000. This, if true, will no doubt be gratifying intelligence to the friends of the road, as well as to the 4 generous voters who have contributed so liberally. There Is another report to the effect that President Bowen said at Troy that he had but little hope for the success of the enterprise, or words to that effect This, if true? is rather discouraging. We know nothing of the truth of these reports, and vouch for none of it. It seems to us that taking of money from South Carolina to survey a road in the moun* tains of Kentucky or North Carolina would be contrary to all previously conceived no. tions of expediency or propriety, and therelore, we are Inclined to the opinion that there 8 must bo some mistake nbout the report ns to I t ie Issue of boDdg by Troy, and the townships r from there and along the line to AikeD. c The "conditions" may save Abbeville and Due We?t from harm, but we do not see how * the towns ou the lowor end of the line are to protect themselves In case It should bo deter- t mined to compel the issue of their bonds. r ? m b The Laurensville Herald' exhibited com- d meudable enterprise in publishing the testimony In the Allen Cunningham case. h ' . jlElK *' -ii-- . ? ' S'tc-t . .. MWM???1^???? v Of conrse, the Record would not "deny poor people any teacher nt all" under nnycircura atanoes. we are even unwilling to approve expedient that seems calculated to put. Incompetent teachers in charge of the schools? the schools that are for the education of rich and poor alike. We want to see every school In South Carolina run nine or ten months In the year, under the conduct of a teacher who makes teaching a profession, and who cannot he hired for twenty dollars a month. We want to see the teachers of South Carolina recognized as important factors In malntalnlug and advancing civilization of the State. If these results can be accomplished by pay* * 1 ? ? ? Akkntillla nlon f hoil \pp ing leHcucm uu iuo nvuc*iu? shall Join with the Prett and Banner In applauding the recent action ot the school authorities of Its county.?Columbia Record. We deny that our teachers ere incompetent. We have teachers that give abundant satisfaction to the people. Wo deny most positively and most emphatically that the public schools have been "lor the education ol the rich and poor alike." We think tbat we can prove that the people about the towns always have schools, and that the poor In unfavored sections have not always had them. We think we can prove thot the school fund.has been used for the pay of those exalted teachers of which the Record speaks, to teach the languages and other higher branches, contrary to law, while the doors of the same school house have been shut to other children who were seeking a primary education. So far we are informed, no poor man In this section has been excused from paying his poll tax. but we think we can prove that some of our poor children have been barred out of the public schools. The Record's theories may sound very nicely, but they do not outweigh I he facts. If the Record wants to see the teacbcrs Important factors In maintaining our civilization, it is not to be done by placing Id position a lot of educated Impracticable mercenary teachers who follow the business merely for the money they can make out of It. .Judge Mclver. Tbe ably written article in reference to the Supreme Court of this State which is copied from the American Law Record, is well worth reading. It pays a deserved tribute to the Bench, and does nothing more than Justice to a member of the Supreme Court, whose ability, legal attainments, and solid worth have commended him to the attention of tbe author of the article to which notice is asked. Reduction of salaries is theorder of the day in Abbeville. The school C? mmissloner in that County was elected on the cheap basis and reduced the pay of first-grade teachers to ?20. We do not know how it is with our neighbors, but it is hard in thlB County to secureftnt grade teachers when tbey are paid 830 per month.?Laurens Advertiser. If you have any scarcity of teaehcra in Laurens, send this way to get deficiency supplied. We have excellent teachers, who would be glad or a thirty-dollar Job. Mr. A. C. Jones has sold that excellent pa per me jyewverry rteraw emu n rui hj mucn H. Aall and Vm, P. Houseall. Mr. Aull is well known to our people as a teacher, and Mr. Houseall is a practical printer of much experience. Mr. D. B. Johnson has retired from the editorial control of^the Carolina Teacher, a monthly magazine largely devoted to the In. terestB of teachers In securing larger salaries and in enabling them to do better work. So mnch of our copy was delayed until yesterday evening that we And it impossible to get It all lu the paper this morning. The Literary CInb. The Abbeville Literary Club met last Friday night at the house of Major A. B. Wardlaw, J. S. Perrln, Esq , in the chair, and Frank Gary, Esq., acting secretary. This was the annuel meeting, and officers were elected as follows: President-W. L. Miller. Vice-President?B. S. Barnwell. Secretary?Frank Gary. Treasurer and Librarian?A. B. Wardlaw. Committee on Essay* and Places of Meeting ?W. C. McGownn, O. T. C'alhnun, H. C. Cason. Commlttecon Periodicals?J.C.Klugh,T.P. Cothran, Hugh Wilson. The retlilng Treasurer and Librarian made a report snowing a very satiBiaciory cuuuiuuu of the club, both as to the finances and the membership of the club. It being known that Mr. J. C. Klugh, the regularly appointed essayist for the evening:, would be unavoidably detnlned away from the meeting. Mr. Benet had been asked by several members to read the address which he recently delivered in Charleston. Consent Inn to do so, he reud extensive extracts from that admirable address which has received so much favorable comment from the peopteand the press. Instead of attempting to furnish any synopsis of the address ourself, we will append what the Sumter Advance says of the speech: "Mr. \V. C. Benet, of Abbeville, delivered the annual address before the graduating class of the South Carolina Medical College In Charleston, on the 4th instant, and to Judge from the synopsis of the address as published by the Newt and Courier, It was such an effort as might have been expected from him. His subject was the "problem of the time"?the relation of capital and labor. "Of course Mr, Benet did not solve the problem?we consider It beyond the ken of mortal man to do that now. The problem is one that will have to be solved as events unfold themselves. This Is a period of great unrest the world over, and the relations of labor and capital are very much strained. The causes for this state of affair* were plainly pointed out by Mr. Benet. "The last half centurv has witnessed th* most wonderful progress in Inventions, and especially In labor-saving machinery. These have helped the few to pile up colossall fortunes, and to form gigautlc corporatlous and ( monopolies. "The result has been that instead of theconditlon or the laboring classes being Improved, It has been made worse. Avarice seems to have seized upon the minds of the people and ' Instead of our unparalelled progress In the industries. the arts and sciences, elevating our 1 civilization and making us happier and bet- { ter, It seems to have bad the opposite effect. Mr. Benet argues with much force, that oui . standard of civilization to-day. is not as high is it was a half century ago?that while we . lave made wonderful progress In many things, our standard of civilization has If any:hlng. been lowered. Hecalls upon the younp , men of to-day who will have to shape the des- . Jlnles of the next generation, and make the , civilization of the beginning of the twentieth jentury, to consider well the great responsi aititles that rest upon them. Society, the world over, is passing through a transition . itate, and in the greatchanges thatare taking place, the young men will be the chief actors, we have not space to follow Mr. Benet fur,tier, but we agree with him that the America people should call a halt, and ask themselves the question, where are we drifting? . Wiiere will avarice lead us if unchecked? , VIr. Benet is one of the most profound thlnksrs of the day, and his voice of warning and idmonltlon should be heeded." The reading of the speech occasioned much somment, being diversified in expression according to theopinlonof the individual memjer,and all combined made It one of the most jleasant of the club meetings. Mr. Miller, Vir. Parker, Mr. Caaon, Judge McGownn, rudge Cothran, Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Gary, Mr. rempleton, Mr. McGowan, aDd others took part In the discussion. ANTREVILLE'S SEASONABLE REQUEST, Interesting Dots from the Town Without a Railroad. Autreville, S. C., March 12, 1887. Editor Preu and Banner: Asa few dots from this section would be of interest, I send the following: This place is ou an average about twelve miles from a railroad, yet wo are doing a* well ns many of our brethren who are more favored. All we ank Just now is a mall route from Abbeville Court House and malls three iimesaweek. We have a very heavy mall fit this post oIHce and we think it a shame that we have to wait until Saturday for our papers. Give us a lift, Mr. Editor. Iinr vnnna friAnrio Mr Man VVHIIaiyii nn/1 Miss Lucia Seawrijjht were happily married f >n last Thursday, Rev. Mr. Betliea perform- t ng the ceremony. Much happlDess to them, t Miss Rosa Fouche Is again at her post. Miss t rouche richly deserves the reputation that she c ias won as a teacher and disciplinarian. I Mrs. James Trlbblo has been very sick I wain. She Is better now. c The new Methodist church at Bell's Cross n loads has been framed, and will soon be ? eady for the shingles. t With the exception of an occasional stray t ase the measles have entirely disappeared. r Prof. W. C. Bell is visiting his father Dr. I Jell. We understand that ho is doing well at c Wangle. t Our sister town Lowndesvllle can boast of li be best town on the Savannah Valley Rail- r oad. Ii Wakefield & Erwin liave Just received a > enutiful line of everything to please the la- o lcs. p The prospect for a grain crop Is flattering, c "Mac," won't you and "East End" shake tl and* and be good. "COO." e: AN HONOR TO THE STATE. * ASSOCIATE JUSTICE HENRY McIVER SUSTAINS THE FORMER HIGH REPUTATION OF THE BENCH OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Hi* Hljfli' Character, IIis Good Mnnner?. His Exact Learning, nnd IIIn Careful Attention Have Brought Him the Highest Rewards of His Profession. American Law Record. j.ora uampiieu, aunongn oucn criticised ior having mistaken his vocation, wlien lie entered upon a literary career as a biographer, never rendered creater service to the profession of the law than when he wrote the lives of the Lord Chancellors and Chief Justices of England. To the profession In America, particularly was the work of Lord Campbell ol unquestionable value, prejudiced, as has been charged, or imperfect though it he. The writer of this paper was just beginning to enter upon tho study of the law when the"Lives of the Lord Chancellors" appeared, and he well remembers the impression that it mado upon the profession. It was purchased and read everywhere with avidity; men who were mere names to the laymen and to the lawver as well, stood out from the canvas ond we became acquainted with the manner of men whose opinions were daily cited in our courts. Even Lord Eldon, who was great at a late day, as a living equity judge, pronouncing opinions in the Illgh Court of Chancery, was to many a dry authority and nothing more. The great Lord Hardwlck was cited everywhere as authority as a Judge, but as a man he was hidden between the billloussheepskin covers that envelope our law learning. We know more of the history of the lltlROnts whose cases he decided than we did of the illustrious judge who decided them. Of Lord Mansfield, and later of Lord Thurlovv, and later still of Lord Brougham, we know more, and only know more because they were orators and politicians, who, each in his day, figured conspicuously before the public eye. It will not be denied, we think, that a knowledge of the life and character of the man whose opinions are cited are of the highest value, not only to the Bur. hut lo the Bench, whose Judgment we are seeking to convince. And In this country, where law books on all subjects nave multiplied, am wnere reports have accumulated to an inordinate extent, and where many courts of last resort are dally glvlne law to the world, it becomes of the utmost importance that the Judge whose opinion is cited should be known and his learning and character fully understood. The opinions that come from these numerous courts look equally imposing In print, and In the main they a-nind equally as well when read. Butwnat is the weight of an opinion as authority? Who delivered it? What is the reputation of the Judge as a lawyer? What was his reputation at the Bar before he was promoted to the Bench? In what particular branch of the law was he distinguished ? These are the questions concerning which we all wish to be Informed. In this connection the truth might as well be spoken; and in this day when the election of Judges by the people, and worse still, by a party, Reerns to be the approved method; wnen their terms of office aro cut down to the space of a few years, the profession Is fast losing their former reverence for the utterances of courts as such, and lawyers constantly now cite cases not because they are the decisions of a court, but because upon any given question It Is the opinion of a particular Judge, known for Lis Integrity, his independence and his learning How often In the experience of every lawyer does the Interrogation come from the Bench with the Inquiry, "Whose opinion Is that?" And what great weight does it carry, If in citing a South Carolina case one can answer that It Is the opinion of Harper; or If citlngaNew York case we can say it is the opinion of Kent or Walworth; or If citing a case from the Su preme Court of the Unitod States one la able to say It Is the opinion of Marshall or Storey. And If, perchance, one Is relying upon an English authority, how much greater Is tlint authority If one can say that It Is the opinion of Lord Mansfield, or more recently, the opinion of Lord Eldon.or of Sir William Grnnt. And how disappointing Is ltoften to the court if the reply Is that it Is the opinion of Lord Ersklne, or of Lord Brougham, whose reputations as Judges have not kept pace with their reputations as orators and men of letters. Hence we feel the advantage of having some knowledge of the lives and public services of the distinguished Judges who may now adorn the bench In the several states of the Union. And among these are few who deserve a high- i er recognition than the upright and learned i Judge whoRe name appears at the hoad of this sketch. We are well aware that the Judiciary of South Carolina has not of late occupied the same high rank that It certainly did thirty years ago when the rule In South Carolina was to put your)a judges upon the Bench and to i elect them for life, thereby enabling them to i become educated by a system of Judicial train- < Ingand fitting them for theexaited office they i were called upon to exorcise. By this means 1 we always had the advantage in this State of ' an old and experienced court, while we secur- I ed the other great advantage of having con- ' llnually an Infusion of young, vigorous and ' ambitious life; thus combining the energy of ' the younger men with the wisdom of tried 1 experience and matured learning. Could we I but Impress this great truth upon the people < bow great would be tlndr reward! Could we J but make them feel that a great court Is not i for the benefit of the Bar but for the benefit of ' the people themselves, whose dearest rights i are suspended In the balances! The ancient i and well-tried system of South Carolina, to I u-lilrh \v<? havfl rpfprrpd. rmssed nwav with i the reconstruction of the Judiciary which followed In the track of war, and for tho next ten year* the courts of the State fell far below their ancient standine. They lost for a time tho recoct and confidence of thg profession it home, and to a still greater degree failed to command the respect of the profession abroad. This was a humiliating calamity! But happily this untoward condition of things could not and did not continue; a change came In 1876, slncc which time the judiciary of South Carolina may claim a fair comparison with that of any sister state for its Integrity, its learning and Its painstaking industry. Letone but read carefully the cases as they have appeared between 1876 and 1886 In Sband's Reports, and the fact will conspicuously appear. And no one has contributed more to this happy result than Mr. Justice Mclver, as the following cases, takeu at random, will abundantly testify: Montgomery vs. Scott, 9 S. C., 20; State vs. Butts, 9 S.C., 153 ; Snider vs. Robertson. 9 S. C., 213; Simons vs Bryer. 10 S. C., 'i'A ; Caldwell vs. Barnett, 22 S. C., 1: Davidson vs. Moore, S. C., 192; Calvo vs. The K. R. Co., 28 S. C.f 32b; Davidson vs. The R. R. Co., 2-3 S. C., 53; Walters vs. Kraft, 28 S. C., 578; Gardner vs. Gardner, 28 S. C, 558; Habftrnieht vs. Rawl <fc Wlehaln. In Southern T.nn\ Timet (not yet reported), which cases at once cover a large fleld of Judicial Investigation, and manifest the varied skill and learning of [\n accomplished Jurist and scholar. These remarks will prepare for the sketch wo now propose. Henry Mclver was born on the 25th of September. 1826. near the villas of Society llill, * community of many social advantage*, in Lhe present county of Darlington, in the State if South Carolina. Ho whs of Scotch ancestry, his great grandfather Ilodrlck having 1m migrated to this state shortly after the battle if Culloden. His grandfather, John E. Mclver, married Mary Ann Williams, the sister >f David R. Williams, for some time a mem- J tier of Congress and Governor of the State. His father, Alexander Mclver, married Mary llamford, the daughter of Enoch Hamford, of Jonnecticut, the first Professor of Languages ill the South Carolina College, the state Instl- I Lutlon at Columbia, and was afterward a prac,lclng lawyer of repute, In partnership with ils brother-in-law, the late Joslah J. Evans, for many years one of the Judges or the IjRw ^ourt of Appeals of the State, and a United States Senator as the colleague of Mr. Calhoun. It will bo noted that Judge Mclver jame from a worthy and dlslingulshed stock, uid is none the worse for having a strain of Lhe colder Puritan blood of New England, mingled (as was often the case in the early Jays of the century) with the warmer temperiment of our Southern latitudes. We have j: svldence of this happy connection in the cool J lodgment, warm manners and hearty com- ? panionehip of their distinguished descendant. <: In October. 1836, the father of Judge Mclver, t lilmself a distinguished lawyer, removed to p the old town of Cheraw, where the son has ? ever since resiueu, seeKing no ponucai preier- j ment, but devoting all the energies of bis fine -I mind and suporior attainments to his profes- U slon. In autumn of 1843 young Mclver was I: matriculated as a student In the South Caro- n Una Collego, from where he was graduated In '3 December, 1846, with distinction In a large u class. To his credit be it said, he taught q school during his college vocations, thus aid- t Ing to defray the expenses of his college o jourse, and to that extent assisting his lather, a who had a large family dependent upon him. t [n January, 1K47, he commenced the study of t the law in his father's office, and in December t jf the same year by rensc n of his superior en- t lowments and groat diligence was admitted ii to practice In the law courts of the State, and t< to the following year was enrolled as a Solicitor In the Courts of Kquity. As soon as he a ivascalled to the bar he entered intoa co-purt- 5 lership with his father, who was then the n State Solicitor or prosecuting officer on the w ;astern circuit. Shortly after tlie yonng prac- p :ltloner commenced Ills career atthe bar. the n lealtli of Ills father became so much Impaired ti hat he was unfitted to discharge thearduous it luties of his office, and the son as his deputy ? terformed those duties with satisfaction to il he public and credit to himself until the 10th ? >f July, 1R50, when his father died, and the t) on was now appointed Solicitor by Governor ieabrook to fill the vacancy until the close of si lie next session of the Legislature, the Solictor being then elected Ly the Legislature, and Jt lot by the people as now. At tne election In Jecombor, 1850, Mr. Mclver did not become a tl andidnte for the office.'yielding to ono who, fc >y reason of his larger experience at the Bar, e< ie modestly supposed was better fitted lor the losltion. In 1853 tiie new incumbent died, cl paving again vacant an unexpired term, and ni Ir. Mclver, still a very young niun. was a sec- a< nd time appointed by Governor Manning to It: erform the duties of the office until the sue- a ecdlng session of the Legislature, at which ag Ime he was duly elected Solicitor of the castrn circuit for the term of lour years, and was Si . ' ? ? *' v> - - ? ??mmmam^??w^?i? successively elected at the expiration of the second term In 1857, 1861 and 1866, holding tbe lucrative office until 1868, when, under tb i reconstruction acta of Congress, the entire ? tate Government was reorganized- As we have sulci, the subject of this sketch has always devoted himself exclusively to his profesi Ion, having engaged In no oilier occupation or pursuit, and having no taste for political Ufi, be has never been a candidate for or a member of any legislative body. He was chose.i to represent his fellow-cltlzens without solicitation on his part hi the Secession Convection called by the State In lb'60, and la 1865 he was analn chosen to represent them In the con vention called under what Is now known oa the reconstruction policy of President Andrew Johnson; and to both he was chosen without desire on his part. He was not prominent In the public deliberations of these two bodies, but as ft member of their committees he performed his lair share of the delicate and Important worn entrusted to them. When the war that resulted from the act of secession was begun, though, having neither a taste nor a turn for military life, he thought it his duty to defend the principles for which his State contended, and under a conscientious conviction of their rightfulness, he entered the nrmy, and continued In military service until the close of the war, a reminder of which he to-day carries upon his person, having been severely wounded in battle twice In the name day. let, notwithstanding his valor aul admitted worth, he never attained a higher position than the modest rank of Captain, At the close of this protracted and frightful conflict be found himself without high titlei as a soldier, without means, with a country Impoverished, with business at a standstill, with the courts, the forum of his ambition anil success, closed, the future dark, uncertain and well nigh hopeless. But he did not detipalr. He wisely concluded that the only coure j was to submit, hopefully and cheerfully, to tlie Inevitable. He accordingly devoted the gummer and autumn of 1E?5 to a careful review of the la* (his practice having been Interrupted for four years), and when the courts were reopened In the spring of 1886, he found hi mself equipped at all points and fully prepared for the large and lucrative practice that lm Mediately flowed In to him In the counties of Chesterfield, Marlborough, Darlington and Mi,rlon. It may be that he wan out of place in political and military life, but at the Dar he was truly the master In his own domain. His ad Iress, his bearing, his Industry In the preparation and the logical presentation of hlscaset and his easy eloquence at once placed him In the front rank of the profession. Hence, when the control of the State Government in 1876 Rnssed once more Into tbe nanas 01 idb ini>eigent elements of society, where under any system of good government it rightfully belongs, Mr. Mclver came to his own. O.i tbe 19th of May, 1877, he was elected Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of South ( arollna to All ont the unexpired term of Mr. Associate Justice Wlllard, who had Just ther been elected Chief Justice to All out the unexpired term of Chief Justice Moses, then recenl ly deceased. The terra of Mr. Justice Wlllurd as Associate Justioe would have expired cn the 31st of July, 1878. and accordingly at the regular session of Legislature on December1,1877, Mr. Justice Mclver was unanimously elected Associate Justice for the full term of six (rears, beginning on the 1st of August, 1878. The term ot Chief Justice Mosps, deceased, would have expired on the 29th of July, 1880, mid accordingly at the preeedlug session of legislature in Decombcr, 1879, an election ww held for Chief Justice for the term of six yea 's and. Juflirc Mclver was unanimously elected. We now enter upon a chapter In the life o:.' Judgo Mclver, which must ever reflect credit upo > hi in as a man and as nn unselfish patriot. Tbe rlpht to hold the election at that time whs strongly disputed by the then ChltT Justice (Willard). who claimed that hyvlitueof his election as Chief Justice In May, 1<77. he was entitled to hold the office for tho full term or six years, to wit, until May, 18M3, ant! that lil* tenure was not- limited to the unexpired I term of his predecessor.. The Leels ature, however, took a different view, as thewordii of the Constitution clcarly warranted. >0 wit, that Wlllard was elected and could only hold office for the unexpired term, and the refore the General Assembly proceeded to held the election In December, 1S79, to fill the vrennoy that would occur In the office of Chief J ustlce oft?h Af iniv loan Tho plprflnn of Judge Mciver as Chief Justice would, of course, leave the office of Associate Justice vacant at that date; aud upon mature deliberation the conclusion wan reached that the Legislature had no power to fill the vacancy at that time?In advance?which would occur In the office of Associate Justice when he (Mciver) should accept t he office of Chief Justlcu In August, 1880, which would then become vacant under the theory upon which the Leglslature had acted ; and that therefore the titlu to the ofllce of one who should then bo elected Associate Justice to fill the vacancy occasioned by Judge Mclvcr's acceptance of the office of Chief Justice In August, 18W, might well be questioned. The valldltyof Ate election as Chief Justice was beyond question, but the title of the person who should be elected In the place of Associate Justice Mciver would not only be questioned, but would, In the opinion of the Attorney-General, be very questionable. This, of course, would have smbarrassed very much. If It would not have thrown an Inseparable obstacle In the way of the proper decision of the question which Jt was then known Chief Justice Wlllfird Intended to make as to his own tenure, and which he afterword did make unsuccessfully. I'he practical question to Judge Mciver was. whether he should merely for"the additional honor and emolument incident to the office of Chief Justice, expose the State to the hazard 3f having its most conservative element?the udieiary?at a most momentous crlslu dlsorianlzed,and its authority called In question. I'o such a predicament there could be but. one inswer from any right-minded, patriotic man, md Judge Mciver wcu such a man. Accordingly, he addressed a letter to the Legislature Jeclining to accept the office of Chief J ustice, \nd the present Chief Justice Simpson wus sleeted In his slead. Since that time; to wit. uecemner, iw?, judge *iciver uasiigain oecu re elected unanimously to the office of Associate Justice for the term of six years from ihe 1st of August, 1884, nnd Is now engaged In the discharge of the duties of thnt office. Such Is a brief outline of the life, character ind public services of one who has lit every iray adorned the profession. In private lire le unites the advantages of an Imposing per>on, remarkable colloquial powers and! genial nanners. At the Bar he pressed home his :auses with earnestness,eloquence and ability. On the bench he Is at once dignified, courteous and patient. Judge Mclver may be laid literally to hear a cause. He naver inter-upta counsel In argument except brielly, and >ccaslonally to fix his own understanding of i fact. No matter how full the printed notes )f the argument may be, he rarely follows the printed page (except when necessary for an uithorlty), but keeps his attention fixed upon rounsol engaged in presenting thocaie. Ho levcrantleipates the argument (a* Is too often lone) by suggesting difficulties, for he takes t Tor granted that these will bo mot ar.d oversome at the proper time and In the proper jlace. He gives the same earnest attention to he diffident young debutante that he does to he venerable senior. To the younger mem>ers of the profession every where Ju>lge Mclver teaches by example that declamatory tarangues to the populace are not necessary OBuccess; that political life to a lawyer Is ofen a snare and a pitfall; that high character, ;ood manners, capable aud exact learning, vlth a careful attontlon to business, will lend nore surely, step by step, to the highest regards of the profession. PHILIP C. ASHLEY. 'HE VERDICT OF THE EDGEFIELD JURY Iff JONES'S CASE. 2ight of tbe Jurors Thought that " the Family Exterminator " Ought to be Handed?Two Considered the Crime Mannlaugbter, and Two Thought the Killing: of Old Nan Presilfy no Crime at ell?A Compromise Verdict. newt ana Lxmrxcr. Edgefield, C. H., March 18.?The Jury em>anelled In the case of the Slate against R. T. ones lor the murdor of Edward Pressley, Sr., t the conclusion of Judge Norton's able barge, at 5 o'clock on Saturday evening, relred to consider what would be ajust and roper verdict to mete out to the perpetrator >f such a crime. The Court waited on the ury until 11 o'clock F. M., at which hour the i uage had them brought In and Interrogated hem as to whether they desired any further nstructlon to assist them to arrive at an greement. The foreman replied that tbe lllflculty they were experiencing In reaching unanimous conclusion did notarise from a I luestion of law. Jud^e Norton reminded ] hem that three days of the Court bad been . iccupled in the trial, and to go over the case \ Kalu would Involved a very great expense to i he county. Therefore, ho would have to ask l hem to retire to their room again, and when | hey agreed upon a verdict, whether during hat night, Sunday, Monday or any time durtig the session of the Court, bo would be glad t o receive it and discharge them. t At 4 o'clock thlu morning the Judge was roused from his comfortable couch by a con- * table, whornme with the snrnrlslnfr lnfor- c nation that the Jury had agreed. Messengers ere seen hurriedly going from place to ] lace, arousing from their slumbers the counel and others who were interested In the 8 rial. Jones, at that early hour of the mornug, was also sleeping soundly, and he, too, / as awakened and told to dress. He received ^ ae announcement tlmt the Jury had agreed f" lth no observable excltenicnt or anxiety, f ut rather cooll v remarked, "It Is manslaugh- n jr." He evldontly felt that his neck whs ife. He was confident of a mistrial. 1 At 4.20 the Court was ready to receive the r iry and their verdict. The clerk road slowly, Uuilty," and a puined expression darkened ' le countenances of tho prisoner's attorneys e ir a moment. Then the sentence was finish- J I, "of manslaughter." The first rote of the Jury in their room disosod the fact that eight of them were fur J mrder, two for manslaughter and two for qulttnl. All subsequent balloting re-ullcd 11 i the same vote until five minutes to 4, when . V compromise verdict of manslaughter was f( [reed upon, f Jones's counsel will carry the case to tho i ipreme Court ou technicalities. u ..? -ALL ABOARD FOR ATLANTA. ] SOMETHING OF A RAILROAD WHICH WILL BE BUILT. . t 1 The Georgia, Carolina and Northern 1 Railroad. J A meeting of the stockholders and friends of l this contemplated line of railway whs held at i this place last Thursday. i W. H. Parker, Esq., was called to the chair, < and bu.slness was at once entered Into. 1 The articles of consolidation were ratified < without debate and by a unanimous vote. i A meeting of the stockholders and new dl- i rectors will be held at Athens, Ga., on the 7th I of April next, at which time and place Gen. | Hoke said that the book* of subscription ? wmilrl hp rpnnftnpil Ainl thannmnnnv wlil<?h ^ he represents will subscribe at iea?tone-half ( of the capital stock, and the balance would be subscribed by friendly persous and places along the line. The subscription books had been closed some tlmo since to prevent unfriendly subscriptions of stock, b.v which the enterprise possibly might have been defeated. Gen. Hoke made a plain and forcible statementof the policy of the management, which was Indeed gratifying to those wbe were present. The road is being rapidly located, and after the meeting at Athens the construction of the road will be begun at once and pressed rapidly forward from both ends of the line. It is the purpose ol the managers to build a line of easy grade, not to exceed, if possible, fifty feet per mile, and as nearly an air line from the points named In the charter as Is ' possible to construct a road; which is Intended to be of the best material and equipment, so that It can be operated as successfully at a schedule of forty miles per hour as any other road in the State is now run at thirty miles an hour. This line is the shortest that has been or will ever be built between New York and New Orleans, and all intermediate points. The manner in which Gen. Hoke has transacted the business so far, has shown not only to Abbeville, but to all points interested, that he is In earnest, and besides that he is competent and trustworthy. Abbeville may lndulze the hoDe that her day of deliverance Is near at hand. That our people may better understand the situation, we will state that the proposed railroad lines In North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, the whole making a line from , Atlanta through Athens, Georgia, and the towns of Abbeville, Greenwood. Clinton and | Chester In the State of South Carolina, to a i point on the Carolina Central Railroad at or | near Monroe in North Carolina, have now i been consolidated. j 1. The name of the consolidated road Is the Georgia, Carolina and Northern Railway. i 2. All the rights and franchises of the individual or separate roads have been merged In- . to the consolidated road. ] 8. The number of Directors is thirteen, viz: i R. F. Hoke, Raleigh, N. C. i T. E. McClure, Chester, S. C. I Julius Mills, Chester, S. C. i W. A. Shand, Clinton, S. C. i W. B. Bell, Clinton, S. C. ( C. A. C. Waller, Greenwood, S. C. i L. W. Perrln, Abbeville, S. (1 W. G. Chllds, Columbia, S. C. A. H. Hodgson, Athens, Ga. A. L. Hull, Athens, Ga. C. A. Collier, Atlanta, Ga. R. J. Lowry, Atlanta, Ga. HokeSmlth.Atlanta.ua. I 4. The following are the first officers of the ] consolidated company: i R. F. Hoke, President. i A. L. Hull, Secretary and Treasurer. f 5. Thaannual meeting ha*been fixed for the 1 first Thurcdny In April of each year. t o. i utt uruuien ui v(JiiaU!luuiiiJii iiittjr ue ? amended by a three-foarths vote of stockhold- t ere. 7. The capital stock Is one million dollars, divided Into shares of one hundred dollars. Stock in new comoany to be issued in lieu of stock in any of the three companies respectively. The capital stock may be increased to six millions. 8. To provide for the completion and equipment of its line, the company may issue first mortznge bonds to tbe amount of not more than twenty thousand dollars a mile, bearing interest at not more than five per ceitf. per annum, payable seml-aunually. 0. The bonds to be secured by mortgage. 10. The business office shall be In Atheus until April, 1889. Change of Schedule on the Piedmont Alr-Llne, Richmond A. Danville K. B. A change In the movement of the trains and throught cars of the Richmond A Danville R R., will go into eflect Sunday, March 3th, at 8.00 A. M. The New Orleans Fast Mall will leave Washington at 11.20 A. M., Charlottesville 8.35 P. M., Lynchburg 5.50 P. M., Richmond 8.00 P. M., Danville 8.50 P. M., Greensboro 10.40 P. M.. Salisbury 12.30 A. M., Charlotte 2.25 A. M. arriving at Atlanta 1.20 P. M.. Raleigh 0.80 A. M., Goldsboro 11.20 A. M. Also arrive Montgom- c ery 7.15 P. M., wobile 2.15 A. M., New Orleans v 7.10 A. M. c The Southern Express will leave Washing- c ll.Oo P. M., Charlottesville 8.00 A. M., Lynch- ? burg 5.15 A. M., Richmond 2.80 A. M. Dnuville R 7 Ufl A AC i 1 n K, . ?-/-v ft 4 Q A VI QnllnkM*.. . I.W XX. UICCIIOUUIU 9.^9 XI. 1U.| OUiJOUUl J Ij II.23 A. M. Charlotte 1.00 P. M., arriving In E Atlanta 10.40 P. M., Columbia 5.12 P. M. Au- a gusta 9.28 P. M., Raleigh 1.50 P. M., Goldsboro t 4.40 P. M. t The Western Express will leave Washing- j Ion at 5.80 P. M., arriving at Charlottesville v tQ.05 P. M. and Lynchburg at 1.00 A. M. Louis- \ Nellie via Che?. & Ohio Ry. at 7.10 P. M.,Cln- f, cinnati via Kentuchy Central Ry. 6.00 P. M., s Bristol via Norfork & Western R. R. at 9.05 c A. M? Chattanooga at 6.45 P. M., Memphis at a 6.15 A. M.t and Little Rock at 12.65 P. M. c The Washington p'ast Mall will leave Atlanta 8.40 A. M., Augusta 9.20 A. M, Columbia n 1.08 P. M., Charlotte 6.45 P. M.. Goldsboro, 5.00 ? P. M. Greensboro 9.55 P. M., Danville 11.40 P. a M., arriving at Richmond 6.40 A. M., Lynch- i, burg2.05 A. M., Washington 8.10 A. M. 8, The Northern Express will leave Atlanta R 7.00 P. M., Charlotte 5.15 A. M.. Salisbury 6.46 Cl A. M , Goldsboro 11.50 A. M., Ralelght 4.35 P. d M. Greenboro 8.32 A. M? arriving at Char- ? lottesvllle 8.50 P. M., Alexandria 8.00 P. M., ?. Washington 8.23 P. M. 0 Additional trains between Washington and e Lynchburg will be run as follows: Leave Washington 8.30 A. M., arriving Lynchburg l 8.80 P. M., with through connection with Norfolk & Western R. R. for Bristol, Knoxvllle. Cleveland, Rome, C'alera, Montgomery, ana V New Orleans. Leave Lynchburg 5.05 A.M., B arriving Washington 12.01 P. M. Also, leave G Washington 5.30 P. M., arrive Lynchburg 1.00 Ii A. M., with through connection via Norfolk S <fc Western R. R. lor Bristol, Chattanooga, S Memphis, etc. Leave Lynchburg 3.00 P. M., arrive Washington 9.40 P. M. These additional trains afford through Pullman Bleeping Ci Car servk-c between Washington and Little ? Rock and Washington and Now Orleans. 18 Pullman Sleeping Cars Southbound will be P run between New York and Atlanta on tne 11 New Orleans Hist Mail, and Northbound on =; the Northern Express. 11 Pullman Sleeping Cars, Washington to ?' Montgomery and Washington to Aiken, will 11 be run on the Southern Express and Wash- 81 lngton Fast Mai!, and no these trains between a Richmond and Greensboro, and also between P Greonsboro and Raleigh. 8< Pullman Sleeping Cars and through Coaches J;1 between Washington and Louisville on the * Western Express. h " m ei Mr. W. C. Benet dellevered an address to the graduating class of the Medical College at Charleston last Friday on the "Problems of & the Time" Mr. Benet is a charming and origi- ? nal speaker and never falls to delight his " audience.?Greenwood Tribune. 8' w CI Rev. J. A. Porter, pastor of the John- hi ston circuit, met with a painful accident H on Monday evening. The afternoon ser- ln vice of the meeting now going on at the ai Methodist Church had jnst closed, and ni Mr. Porter stepped up on the back of one Pl of the pews to pull down the window ^ sash, and in doing so his loot slipped and fU he fell across the pew, breaking one of in his ribs and inflicting other injuries, but b< none, we trust, of a serious nature. But under the most favorable conditions he can hardly be expected to be out inside fli of a week.?Edgefield Monitor. ti< The Methodist Episcopal Church now J* baa ?1,700,000 invested in publishing interests, on which there is no indebted- wi nesa. The Western establishment had a in net profit from sales last year of over ?r 5107,000. The New York Book Concern reported an actual net cash profit of Cn fl 17,000 from Bales during the past year, ai In accordance with an act of Congress bu rade dollars will be redeemed at par by ;he government until the 1st of next ruly, after which time they will have >nly bullion value. . The dwelling of J. D. McCall, near poi Florence, was burned March 7. Loss foi laid to be about $10,000. ?u( It Is estimated that 200,000 men in no 3reat Britain are deprived entirely of filc sunday rest by the carrying on of ^ Sunday traffic. The Anti-Sunday of [Yaveling Union, with headquarters f n London, is doing what it can to prvtf>r?v thf> ovil hv Mio rmlilinatSnn nfilni mmerous tracts urging Christian ?UI everywhere to discourage Sunday ravel. t Newark, N. J., March 12.?Frank dei -f. Scott, cashier of the publishing j Irni of Webster & Co., of New York, car ras arrested at his home here to-day chc r>r the embezzlement of $20,238 from m? he firm. Ho was committed to jail in Dro efault of $4,000 bail. Ian : S&. - . . .< ".- ; -v- : ;r ' ' "_ ' ' - ; \?j ;. . '. ; <- . A DRAIN ON OUR PURSES. THE FAT OF TEACHEKS. What the "Newberry Observer" and tbe "Columbia Becord" Have te PATRIOTIC SENTIMENT. Eloquent Extract from Mr. Benet's ltecent Speech In Charleston. 1 ount you happy In being Southerners, ions of the Southern Confederacy, that shortlived nation, that rose so white and fair and 'ell so pure of crime; and which. In Its brief Ife showed that the age of chivalry is not lead. I will not speak of the war; the time a not yet; the thrilling tragic events aro too recent for calm consideration, the time too near for Just and true perspective. The Southern cause wa? lost, but the Southern life survived, and It Is as sharers In that life that I :ouut you fortunate,and call upon you to do ill In your power to preserve and porpetuate ill the characteristics of that Southern lifeis lofty patriotism; its devotion to duty and principle In scorn of consequence , Its society, to bright, so sparkling, so refined, so gentle ?et so ;proua, whose doors a golden key :ould never open; Its love of letters; its simple tastes in urban life und rural; its wlnlome women with voices ever soft, gentle and ow, and Its high-bred men, ever courteous tnd deferential to woman; its kindly relations between rich and poor, between master ind servant, between neighbor and neighbor; its (Unlike to garish display of wealth, and Its Creedom from the worship of Mammon: and let us not forget Its unwritten code, by. which, lor woman iusulted or wronged, sister, daughtesorwlfe condign punishment Is Inflicted, uid not by the courts. To the past partrlar;hal life of the South we owe not a few of these virtues; to the patriotic young men of Lhe South we look for their perpetuation, iluce that patrlarcbat life has fled. 'Buj,' you ask, 'what of the New South?' A.h. yes we hear men speak, these days, of the New South.' It is an epithet of recent coinage, which bears the mark of no Southern mint. It lies not well in the mouth of a Southern man. Albeit lushlon Is forcing It Into common use, and at dinners and banqueU? not in the South?it Is found on the list or the regular toasts. In one sense, and In some external and non-essential particulars, there is a new 3outh?new in the abolition ol slavery, and ew in the export and Inauguration of tome Important industries?manufactures, coal, Iron; but in her true nature and characteristics let us hope site Is the same old South of your fathers. If you would be true to the land of your mother who gnve you birth, you will try to preserve here that type of man Known H8 me "somneriier, witu an mat ine term connotes?the typical Southerner who. for some, of his faults and for some of his virtues, will hardly be accepted as the "typical American," but who, by you and by me, will be the more lured and honored tho more be resembles the fine old Southern gentleman, one of the olden time. And that type Is exemplified In one whose name f utter with reverence, almont with adoration?Robert E. Lee, the typical Southerner, the typical American?of whom Chaucer would nave mnz: "He was a very perflgbt gentll knight;" -of whom Lord wolseley has Just said: I' believe be will be regarded as not only the most prominent than In the Confederacy, but, is the great American of the nineteenth century whose statue Is well worth to stand on in equal pedestal with that of Washington, ind whose memory Is equally worthy to be snshrlned In the hearts of all his countrymen." Farm Notes. Southern Cultivator. After the winter's sleep, typical of death, .he resurectlon of spring Is about to begin, rhe sun, rising higher and higher lo the leavens, is pouring down bis rajs more di ectly upon tbe earth, warming its surface, ind waking plants from their winter sleep. Han, no less than tbe Inanimate objects iround biro, feele the quickening impulse ind is Impatient to put seeds in tbe ground ind do bis part in reclothlog tbe earth with rerdue. Happy they who can place them- 1 lelves in complete harmony with nature, vho never waste their strength in unequal ?ntest with her Inexorable laws. One of the 1 ending objects of tbe Cultivator la to eatab- 1 lsb and preserve this barmony between its 1 eadersand material world in which they lve, to enable them to see how cold aud heat, 1 aln and sunshine, earth and air, when right- ' y understood, may all be conducive to man's 1 velfare; bow co-operation with tbe forces ot 1 lature may-lighten his labors and Increase ! bear productiveness, whilst antagonism with 1 hem, not only increases bis labors, but ren- 1 lers them unproductive aud frnlllees. Now the three leading features of nature ' vhlch confront the farmer this month are a ' ow temperature, compacting rains and high ] rinds, whatever he plants or prepares to 1 ilant, he must have a constant eye to tbese blngs. First, as to cold. Seeds need heat to ' oake them germinate. Where will they And ' be most of it, near tbe surface or at greater lepth? If a cold body is placed before a lire, 1 eblcb becomes warm sooner, its outer surnce er its interior? Has not the beat to trav1 through its surface before it can reach Its nterlor? Is it not perfectly clear then that he surface is tbe first to become heated? , low at the end of winter, tbe earth is to be egarded as a cold body. As long as tbe 1 lights exceeded the days In length, tbe earth ras losing more heat than it received; in oth- j rworils, erowlnt colder. As tbe sun comes . lorthward and tho days become longer, the < u not only throws more heat upon the . rth, but projecta the heat more perpendlcu- , any upon its surrace, so mat less or the heat j lauces off, or Is reflected from its surface, \ nd more of it is absorbed or goes to warm It. j 'be earth, then, In spring, in its relation to , he sun, is like a cola body held before a Are. < is surface first becomes warmed and after- , cards the heat penetrates deeper and deeper. , Vhatis the obvious inference to bo drawn 1 rom this? That in early plantings, seedB . houid not be buried deep in the soil. On the ontrary, that they should be placed Just as ,s near the surface as the requisite moisture an be secured. , Again, as it Is desirable that seed come up < romptly when planted, lesscompactlng rains t nd baking winds crust the earth over thcin 1 nd hold tnem down, one should always bear , q mind the teinpejatures at which different J eeds will germinate. A table of the lowest j verage temperatures at which some of our { ommon cultivated plants will germinate is , resented. These figures have been learned j -om actual experiments. It is to be regret- j 3d that the temperature of germination of thers of our crop plants, like cotton, peas, tc., cannot be given; OWEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OP GERMINATION. yheat 41 degrees larley 41 . inrden Pea 44.5 " ' udlan Corn 48 " ( cunei XJLUU quasi! 54 " From tbe above we may draw the following ' inclusion: That In any given locality the ^ verage temperature for tbe month of March 150 degrees or above, corn may be safely lanteu during that month; If It Is lower t nan 45 degrees It would be uu wise to put the f ;ed in the ground. Now, If a farmer has a lermometer (as every one should) and reards the highest and lowest temperatures of t le air each day (say at two o'clock and at r inrlse), and strikes an average of all, be can < pproztmate quite closely the average temerature of tne upper layer of the surface n )1L In many localities the avetage temperaires of the ulfferent months can be learned C om observations already made by signal ofce and other observers. True, experience s pretty well settled about the right time in ich locality when a particular crop should e o planted, but seasons vary a good deal, and i le average temeraturo oi" the first or second all of March may vary three or four degrees, n Invariable date for planting cannot be : xed, and Instead of the hap-hazard way of aessing that "It will do to plant corn." It P oald be better to learn definitely ana ac- a jrateiy that the soil was wajm enough to ring it up promptly. Farmers use trees as lermomuiers?piuni corn, mey say, wnen o le "dogwood blossoms," or when the "pop- i x leaf 1b as large as a squirrel's car." These e useful slgus. but why not use tho tber- & lometer Itself aud determine the matter 111 more definitely. Gardeners and florists gulate the temperature of tbelr greeu- g Dusts by thermometers; why should not a f*j rmer use the same Instrument, In his call- i. i<j, whenever It Is practicable? He mny not 3 able to heat the soil, except to a very limed extent, by fermenting manures, but he ? in And out when tho sun has heated it suftiently. A good stand of corn Is a matter of 6 st importance; replanting Is very objec- n anable. Every precaution, therefore, (inuding attention to temperature) should be ken to have tbe crop come up promptly and y liformly. r It was said above that a farmer could not arm up his land, but he can do something 91 tbe same direction by planting early corn f( i southern slopes, because the sun's heat lis more perpendicularly upon their surces. If a farmer wants part of his corn p op to mature very early, ho can select for it f, southern slope, with rather light textured 11 it dark-colored soli. C< h Do Away with Pit Pens. iVe see from the JPress and Banner tliat the , uncll of Abbeville has passed an ordinance ic bidding the penning of hogs during the rt mmer months and we would suggest to our He iincil to follow its example. There can bo doubt that pig pens are the cause of much knees, and while such an ordinance might ?j jve Inconvenient to some they should be " lllng to make sueh a sacrifice for the good A the town. til )ur health is far more valuable than our 1 ; pens and it wo wish to possess the former must commence by doing away with the t)< ter. Let the ordinance bo passed and let rcitlzeua cheerfully acquiesce. ^ 'he man who doesn't tnko a newspaper on I : plea that he has ho time to read it, evi-J 1,1 itly sleeps too much. CI; ustatthis season all persons should be ch eful about their health. With the sudden I inges tbcro is danger of taking pneu-j nia. | til Lost farmers say that the cow pea is ; lo ifltable crop, easily cultivated, beneficial to aI1 d, and good for man and beast. I Sny. Newberry Obterver. Referring to the salaries fixed by tbe school board In Aobeville County, It occurs to us that this may not be so bad as it first appears. Onthecontrary.it may be an excellent arrangement. we can readily see how It ooultl be i nude so. We cun illustrate the method by supposing that a county has 90 teachers and a uet school fund of S10.U00. If the average pay of teachers be 930 r montb, the funds woalu keep the schoolsopeu not quite fou.'months; If twentyfive dollars a month, the schools would ran four and a half months; If twenty dollars, nearly six months; If fifteen dollars, nearly eight month8-the smaller the salary per month, the longer the school would continue open. It Is very easy for tbe school board of any county to know how many teachers are needed for their county, and tnelr respective grades. When they meet, let them determine, the first thing they do, bow long the schools should run. They should then ascertain, us they can do pretty accurately, the amount that will be available for teaehers' salaries. Having ascertained (1) the number and grades of the teachers, (i) toe amount of - . funds available, and (3) tbe length of the term, they can then fix the monthly salaries accordingly. They would probably find that thU arrangement allow* a small salary per month for the teachers, But they must remember that tbe schools are not Intended for tbe benefit of teachers, but lor the good of the children. The nsual way is to decide first what the salary ought to be, and then make the school term conform to it; but that 1s reversing tbe matter, How long xhould the school term be? ought to be the first question; and all others should be made to conform to this. Of course this would greatly reduce the monthly salary of the teachers?at least, of that portion of their salary which comes from tliescboot fund. But It will not reduce tbe total amount the teacher receives for tbe term. There is a certain amount to be expended for teachers. If 810 a month will ran a scbool^our months, $20 a month will ran it eight months?in either case the teacher gets SloO from the school ftand; while the children get twice the amount of schooling in one case that tbey get in tbe other. But, says one. we can't get good teachers at 820 & month. No; and we can't get good teachers at 8100 a term either. Bat wnen you have only 8160 for the term, is it not better for the schools to extend pver eight months than over only fonr? We take occasion to correct an error Into which tbe Newt and. Courier baa fallen, ip nay- ? lng "820 per month, for the tbree to fonr months the schools are kept open, means a salary of 860 to 880 ft year." The schools are kept open as long as tbe money lasts. The higher tbe teacher's salary the shorter the term, and vice verta. If, therefore, $30 a month would exhaust the fund in three or four monts, 840 a month would exhanst It In a month and a half or two month*.'- So that, In tbe case meutioned, tbe salary? though not sufficient?would be the same whether the schools were kept open two months or four moths?that is the teacher wonld get tbe same amount front the Stale. It Is very likely, however, that with a salary of 820 a month tbe schools can be kept open ? ? longer than three or fonr months. There is no doubt they can be kept open twice as 1 - * MA ? O 4 n A AM<< 1UU? m CSV it IllUii LLi UB M <rtv a lUUUUi?BUU that is tbe Important fact. v Before tbe war the State did not pay tbe teachers a cent; but we bad good teachers then. If we had good teachers when the State did not help as at all, It seems that ^ we ought to have even better teachers If the State pays 820 a month toward their talary. The patrons of the scbool can add enough to what the SJate pays to give the teacher a sufficient salary. It Is perfectly patent to anybody that teach- ' era cannot be paid a sufficient salary for a full school term with the school fund In order to lieep the schools going for a full term. The usual way Is to e.ibauBt tbe fund In three or four months, by paying what the school boards regard as a sufficient salary per month; at the end of that time tbe ''live schools" are closed and private schools are ;losed and private schools are opened in the same school-house by tbe same teacher. The patrons must then pay all along through the term, the teacher crediting the patrons with what he gets from tbe public fund? This would certainly bo tbe better plan?better for the schools, better for the tcachere. The Colombia Record's Comment* on , the Above. Columbia Record. The Newberry Observer of this week has a '_1 timely and thoughtful article upon the Important subject or teachers' salaries. The Observer la of the same opinion as tho Record touching tbe necessity of Increase in liue sciiuui IUUU, uui buni&n luut ouuu luureusc ihould be brought about by private oontribu* :lons, rather than by local taxation. If the . ontrlbntlons were a reliable source of revsnue, and If every man would give according -> jo his means, the plan suggested might work i-ery well. Bui the universal experience la :hat contributions fall just when they are nost needed. Salaries pledged upon the V alth of such contributions are seldom paid jlttaer promptly or fully. The teaoher becomes discouraged, of course. Those who lave paid well cotne to think that they ought iot to do their full part while others rail. \nd so the schools languish and die. Once lead, it 1h hard to re-establish them. The easiest way. the fairest way, to supplement the general school fund is by local taxaHon. The taxpayers can primarily arrange he rate of taxation lor themselves, and the aw supplies the machinery for enforcing its s. payment One good result, at least, seems to have folowed the redectlon of teachers' salaries In Abbeville. The defects In our system of oomnon scnools are brought under consider** ilon, and suggestions are made with a view to mprovement. Good is sure to come oat of v ;bc discussion. If you want a powerful preacher, juit talking about him and go toprayug for bim. The Rev. A. W. Moore, of the late Centenary, has been elected principal . >f a school at Waterloo. Last week the Pickens postoffie was obbed of three registered packages iraountiug to about $42.00. Both houses of the Nevada Leglslaure liave adopted resolutions dis rancnising Mormons in mat oiare. It is said that there is a larger num)erof Jews in Palestine than at any leriod since the days of our Lord. Frauk W. Foster, Town Clerk and treasurer oi Greenfield, Mass., i9 a lefaulter to the extent of over $14,000. In India 25,000 prisoners were libirated February 16, as an act of clemency, to commemorate the Queen's Jubilee. Dr. J. B. McFerrin, of Nashville, is n such a weak state of health that his oany friends feel great uneasiness bout him. Bishop Duncan preachy last Sunlay to large congregations in Cliareston?morning at Bethel?evening t Trinity. Ninety-nine men and women have rm#? as missionaries to foreifirn fields rom the United States during the ist three months. The Russian government has decidd to prohibit the importation of patnt medicines, the published list of rohibited article contains 800 items. The largest artesian well in the rorld is said to be at Jacksonville, 'la. It pours out the enormous tream of 7,000,000 gallons in twenty>ur hours. The resolution to submit to the peole a constitutional amendment, makig a law for women suffrage, was Diicurred in by the Rhode Islaud * [ouse by a vote of 52 to 7. The Philadelphia Times comforts it;lf with the hope that it may "hereFter be possible for a 'man to >ok at the picture of a battle without mdering himself eligible to an undesrved pension." George Haitiwanger, a conductor on le Air Line Railroad, was killed in tlanta Saturday night. He fell from le footboard of an engine and was Drribly crushed, but lived several Durs after the accident. The American watering-places are sponsible for more domestic infelici2s in this country than all other Jugs combined. Society Is soartitial there that no sure judgment of laraeter can be found. No man or woman should consider emselves too great to beseech the west of the human race to be good j id to do gooc. ^ y~r ' - > ' -J . \