University of South Carolina Libraries
The Abbeville Press and Bannenl BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1886. VOLUME XXXI. NO. 19.IM 'ii ?= ??? THE TRADE L\ HAUL PREPARING HORSE, OX AND HOG HAIR FOR UPHOLSTERING. Sorting? tbo Kan S!nterlnl?Sciit to tlio I)yo Ilooin?311x1ns?'The Proce*?i of "Ctirllns" ? Manufarturo of Urnslics and Fishing l.lncs. The tragic- in hair is of no inconsiderable trmjputude. Its length, strength ami elasticity renders it useful for many purposes, varying according to its nature and origin. Since the beginning of the present century, liair, as distinguished from wool, has been largely manuf" tured. Tho chief sources of supply of llii> la?s of fiber are the group of animals represented by the alpaca, the capline tribe, the camel, the horse, the ox and the hog. But it is only necessary to notice those of the horse, ox and the hog, which aro I . manufactured in Brooklyn, N. Y. The bull: I of hair obtained from thesasonrees is used for upholstery purpose, being manufactured into tfrnrltxl hair for stuliing or hair cloth for seating. The raw material is divided into several qualities, according to tho purpose for which it is destined. The best is that denominated "hard hair,"' chiefly obtained from ostlers and Stablemen, being tail hair procured in combing. That similarly got from the mane is of n different quality, being termed ''.soft." Knackers hair, or that obtained from dead animals, is km h inferior, "dead" hard hair hot. h ing mor.i than equal to ''live" soft hair. The d -preri it ion which hair undergoes on tho death of an animal is such that when worn out horses are sent to be slaughtered tho knacker always cuts off tho mano and tail previous to the operation. ron upnolstehy purposes. Horse hair makes by far tin; best curled hair, but i < not the only sort employed. Cow onJ hog hair constitute a large portion of that which is manufactured into the curled article for Upholstery purposes. Those aro chiefly procured from Homo sources, nop; which have high feeding do not yield hair either in quantity or quality sufficient to render its collection worth tho cost. Tlnit yielded by lean animals is always the strc::~?st r.tvl most elastic. The raw materiai, having been supplied to the workers, is first separated into long and short hair, tho former being carefully reserved for tho manufacture of hair seating, fishing lines, brushes, etc., and the .alter for curling or stufling. The sorting is nerfc repeated for the purinrc of separating the color.?. White hair is esteemed the most valuable, being used for spec ial purjH>ses and the supply being small. A third time this process tola's place, this lust being for assortment; In two qualities. This i; very important and requires nice discrimination and sensitiveness ?f touch in the sorter, in order to perform tho proivxs eSKentlj'. Each quality of hair is next subjected to thorough washing in cold water to remove dirt, dust. etc. it is then scut to the dye room anil immersed for seveir.1 hours i:: a dye bath chiefly composed j ?>f a ilconfLivn of lojjwol When removed itof a dull Mack color. Further washing and letJii-.i.J C then take 'place, the hair being put ir.to largo vats containing agitators, through v.hi:-h flows a stream of hot water. Thi.; I .vatment removes the superfluous dyo on 1 farther purifies the hair. Following tho short hair, wo And that tho next pro.css is mixing?making a blend of I certain proportions of korse, cow and pig | iiair, ac.vortimg 10 i:;c quaury 01 in; crucie i iatenled t.< bo produced. When tho blends ! hav? Ii: en i roperlv iai I down, the material is I jhgsc: I through a series of "willows," by I v. bix h the diI?orent sorts are thoroughly incor- j jioratctl, becoming homogenous as far as Mechanic::! aduiL-luro can produce such a i state. ix Tnr: "cvitLixo" hco:l After passing through the third of these j machines it is beaten and screened to clear.! away the dust created by this treatment, and i: then lva.'.v for the curling process. Carl" lag" is carried <>n in a separate room c;!lei! the curling room. Tho curler.; .spiu the hair into rujx.s or strands by the aid of a uiachiuo similar lo that employed in rope spinning, j The rope i.; further twisted in a Second ojx>ra- { tion. by -.viii.-h moans it is reduced to hall" it;;: first io:i;rth. By a third process it i.i turned j until it a tunics a convolute form, when it is j secured r.s a coiL These processes giro to the ! hair if. pceuiiar curl, which fife it for tho purpose to which it is applied?stalling for the scats of chairs, sofas, ctc. It requires to l>o firced in this condition, which is accouiJ)lish?l by the following treatment: The coils ?uv im-.acr scd ia cold water and allowed to stand lor several hours. On removal from this t placcd in specially constructed ] ?\vnr. which arc treated to a very high tempera*. :r\ After subjection to ihis heat for a i suO i.v.ttiui"! lliecuriis permanently fijtcd, I aa 1 gmis of all parasitic life are clc-j -- ~r i.?u:? UtTCV";.:. \\ nt'il iue piWCJO VI uukaiIq 1.1 mi- . i.L-' i Ij ; hair has lvconio a uiarketablo! ?rti I.' r.:: l i.; cold either in form of hard curl n? r.\.: ?/od fro:n t'ao ovens or soft curl in Villi j i: i; p:tr 11 v untwisted a:id thoClament:; mvsvvariited jvadr for csa. Tli i<> ! ; hair is applied to the manufacture of I)r.i jotnnd lLhing lines, chiefly to that ot i liair clo'.ii for uphol-tery purposes. Aftc Iia'.ing Ijccu thoroughly cleansed, a; stati\ b-'i'o:-", if i i combed by drawing the bunches j through ii.ccJ coin lis. like ihis hacklcs, which | work io done by hoys. It is next drawn into I <liff.;ren? lengths and thicknesses, which is an j important and tedious operation, requiring j I)3th delicacy of touch and quickness of eye. j These lengths range from fourteen inchcs to thirty-live inches. This work is performed j by hand, though attempts have recently been ' itiudc to accomplish the drawing automatically. Black lnur is subjected to further tn-;<t-1 went, i:i order to obtain u full, glossy blac k- j nous. White is bleached, i:i order to <Liiniiii:i" j tho 3*dlo*.vish tint, which is its natural hu? j l>ut this L> never jwrfcctly removed.?Brook- j lya Eagle. A Sup^mtitlan of tho Chinese. I .saw a Chinaman burning paper in his) doorway receutly when I chanced to bu pass-; itvc Lis house late at night, in a back street in ! Brooklyn, and I had the curiosity the next | day to ask an explanation from an intelligent Ch-istianized Mongolian. He said that do; vout Celestials, particularly those who have ju*-t arrived from China, always burn paper j In each doorway of the house beforo retiring at night. They believe that the progenitors i of the present Chinese dynasty were dissatis-) f:ed with the Chinese customs which grew up at tho close of their dynasty, of permitting aliens to enter the Flowciy Kingdom, and at- i tribute the success of tho Tartars to that custom. To mark their displeasure? they placed in the sky a star of death-dealing influence, which, if it should shino i::to ihwir doors or upon tho floors ton ?i0ht? i:i jsucccssion, would cause tho death of all v"ho inhabit tho bouse. Bed, which to the C'liuess mind, typifies all that is good and righteous, ij tho imridote; hence the rod curtains hung beforo every Chii:o;o bouse and laundry. Fire, j which produces a red lirht, expels the demons, hence the customs of burning paper in doorways.?New York News. All tho present-day writers can flo is to ' present matter in fresh ideas, aa jpbjccfj ran I JuJ L%c5i23. . 1 T** | A DYING REPORTER'S SPECIAL. j Pathetic ftory of a Kallwny Accident. Tony i:?'8 Lust ' Scoop. It is not so many years ago that Tony I E , tho attache of central Iowa fin peri j now defunct, rode out from a southern Iowa ! city, one bright morning, perched daringly I on the brake of a flat car that was attached ! to a "wil l freight" anil loaded with iron rails, i lie was like other reporters, made up of vices I and virtues?only the first seen by tho world, j the latter bast known by his intimate friends. ' lie had been in newspaper work for about , six j-cars, was thoroughly capable, and ! scored mora "scoops" than was ever recorded j against him. This, in tho ej'es of the city [ editor, insured his entrance into paradise. ! To make tho story short, forty miles out from its starting point tho "wild" freight, with a leap of madness and a terriblo crash, went through a, bridge, down sixty feet, and Tony sitting on tho brake beam. It was over in an instant. Such things don't wait for time to catch up with them. When tho con ductor of ttio tram (tno omjr one umujureu; crawled out of the wreck, his c}*cs fell first on j Tony, lying across tho side of a dismantled box car, on his chest a heavy rail, his legs j crushed, and dying. Beyond him lay a dead brakeman; tho engineer was buried under his I machine, and by a large bowlder was the lire- j man, with a broken back. Tony was con- j scioa?, and, when the conductor readied him, asked for pa;;er and pencil. They were found j in his pockcts* Unable to write himself, ho j dictated this, angrily ordering tho men who had come up to let him alone: "C E , Managing Editor Star, I Iowa: Train through bridgo at . Was j 0:1 board and am hurt. Will send full par- j titulars ct once. T. 15." j A farmer was secured, who conveyed it to ! the nearest station- Then this boy, true to j Lis duty and r.ot flinching l>efore death, suf- j foring frightful agony, and while willing hands sought in vain to release him from his ( position, dictated a "siiceial" of fifteen hundred words to his paper. Wl^t ho suffered no one can ever know. It was with diillculty that ho could breathe, and every ga*p cci:t hima wrench of agony. But he hold death; back down to the last few lines, "The killed j were " and so on, ending with tho name of "Tony B , reporter." As he ended that j his cyes filled with tcarc, and he looked up wistfully to tho conductor, who had written ' the telegram for turn, and who himself could , not keep his tears bad:. uTcll my mot her," , Kiid Tony, "that I did my duty; and, boys, j rush that over tho wires for me. It's a 'scoop.'It went over tho wires all right, and it was a "scoop;" dug oeioro it was pruiuai Tony was dead."?St Paul Pioneer Press. T!?c Frencli Government Prlutins; Office. Thb establishment possesses the finest print-j Ing material i.i t'.ic world, and an annual budget of $1,400,0:)') insures its constant re- j newal, a~ well as thj salaries of the r.iana-; gers, c lerks and workm-m. Most of the workers J cro paid by Ihe piocc. The higher ol&cial staff j comprises a general manager at $3,00:> a yvar, c:i under ni?iu~cr at a superintendent: of the interior department work at $1,230, an | assistant to the lattei1 at S-MO, and a score of oilier**, Rich rs cashiers, overseers, clerks, etc., with salaries ranging from $300 to $3(50. . Tho establishment is divided into three, great services, named respectively first di- j vision, second division and reserve, with a superabundance of overseers and clcrks. The personnel of the oliiee consists of?clerks and officials, 220; lalmrcrs, 50; boolcfohlers, sew- j ers, perforators, gn miners and females eon-' r.ecte.l with the drying room, 010; bookbinders, 110; typefounders (15 males and 10 fo-i malcr), 2>; clcctrotypers and stereotypei-?, 15; I laachincmcn, i winters (male and female) and : maehino boys, 120; pressmen, 110; coinposi- J tors, 200, showing a total of about 1,200 per- J sons occupied exclusively in tho printing of j government woi k. Tho working day of tho skilled workers is ten hours, but laborers have ' to work eleven. The male workers receive | si:: cents an hour extra for overtime; the females have to tie content with four cents.?, iloveil 'i^'pographique. Tost of Wnt:*r-TJsrht Compartments. Warned by the fato of the Oivgon, tlio Ruvian government has been inaugurating an exhaustive test of water-tight compart- j ments, wlrch it contemplates applying to all j novr vess?'s, and probably to older ones as well. Tho man-of-war selected was the cor-' vetto cruiser Vitiaz, which was ihiislied last j autumn, and is under sailing order.: for tho' Pacific. Sonic weeks ago an intimation was convoyed to tho dockyard authorities at; Cronstadt that the Wiit.T-tight compartments j would bj tested in succession, and instructions j were given to survey tlicm afresh and make; good any defects that might be discovered. | If the otlieiul report is to bo lx>liovcd, every effort was made to meet tho wLhes of the ad- > miralty; vet when tho compartments were; actualiy filled with water the fluiil gushed' through numerous apertures which had. csca-wl the eye, and in some cases to an cx-: tent which would have been troublesome at sea after a serioaij accident To secure perfection several cf tho compartments wero filbd two or threo times, and it was only after a deal of cloor ndju: 61:13 and leak stopping that tho comtfieo wan pronouaccd i!t to proceed to sea.?Chicago News. TIio TJlind Cha;>'alu's Jlndcra Devil. The devil of to-day is a poluhcd, traveled,' gentlemanly appearing individual. Ho has l>ce:i in London, and Paris, and New York,! and Washington, and Sa:i Francisco. Ho| know.; all about tlio grand sights, and is well posted on the gossip and new.s of tho day. IIo moves in tho best society and i; much ad-, mired hero. Ho dresses in faultless style.1 His col l, gray eye looks steadily at you and fascinates you, perhaps. IIo has thin, delicate lips and lino nostrils that aro easily curved in scorn. One great feature of tho modern devil is that be never becomes enthusiastic over anything. You may show him tho most beauti-( ful sunset or natural views, the most rare and valuable painting or piece of statuary;, anil with his cold, gray eye ho will look steadily at it and make soma disparaging re- j mark. You can not point out a man or wo-; man that lie will not disparage. IIo is a cynic, a Mephistophelcs. IIo enters j'our drawing room and yonr churches. IIo! causes trouble and dissension everywhere, j lie disparages the brethren.?Rev. Dr. Milburn's Sermon. Engineer, I'lromun, lirukeman ami Fla~? man. The traveler who puds a fragrant cigar in: the smoking car, or scans tho daily papers in the first-class coach, or reclines with a pillow under his head in the sleeping car, rarely j thinks of tho engineer, tho fireman, tho' brakeman or tho flagman, lie is thrown in contact with the conductor, whom he either plagues with useless questions or honors by calling "captain;" but the silent man at tho throttle lever, or the others I have mentioned, never slip into tho traveler's inind, unless tho T.? n,n<- . L:UI:I ib U'wUiiiii UUH-. hi uuu uvtat itiijr i.iu remembered only to bo abuse:!. 13ut theso! mon arc deserving of moro consideration. As a rule, tbey uro sober, steady fellows, abso-' Intel}' fearless, and possessed of patience that even Job might have envied. A blftc uniform, bo it ever so dingy tuul buttonlesn, or a greasy suit of engineer's overalls, when worn by its owner, is a thing \o bo admired.?Atlanta Cos-'titutlon. . i MM COLORED ORPHANS. ' ' 3* WHERE THEY ARE RAISED AND CARED FOR AND TAUGHT. Sights Feen at. an Asylnm for Very j Ifouiis Colorc.-I Ladles and CciHle:nen. i Methods Employed In liaising and Training the Youngsters. One day recentlj* nn n Prist and a reporter j I were walking around together away iip town. I I They were looking for such things as peoplo | ' ai'e interested in, the artist to make beautij ful and poetical pictures of them, and the re; porter to tell in plain and homely style what the pictures were all about. By and by they | came in sight of a big building?a budding | with grounds around it, and a build ing of [ that peculiarly benevolent shape which says V) uio iieuoiutT ns pauii us ?uiu^ nu ? | ' cbarity building; no ono pays anything to , I live in inc." A policeman, leaning his blue | back ngainst a shady tree and blissfully j watching the cable cars whirr past, explained that that was an asylum for young colored gentlemen and ladies who had the hard luck to be orphans, and that those were somo of the young gentlemen having the pow-wow on the porch. A minute afterward the artist was pulling the polished door bell of the institution with Loth hands. A gong sounded, and in a second a hurricanc started up somewhere, far oir in the building, and camo sweeping toward the big door. It was pulled in, and the hurricanc was found to consist of a small colored gentlemen, assisted by a smaller colored gentleman, one about S and tho other G years old. Both of those youngsters were plainly in a state of high exultation, and reveling in unwonted freedom. One cause of it became plain when they announced that the superintendent was not in/and that they were attending to visitors. BABIES WERE SWARMING AROUND. When tho artist humbly asked permission to go out on the porch, tho youth who was running things replied with some grandeur that ho guessed so, but that there was no fun there. Ho carried the request to the wife of tho superintendent, and that lady was kind enough to lead the way. It was a big, wido porch, carefully fcueod in, and babiea were, swarming around there liko flics in a tally pa?- ... And Lucy were none 6f your every day youngsters, with" bald heads and light blue eyes. They were solid young ones. Eabies with thick heads of woolly hair, with fat arms and legs, with teeth that were stunning, and complexions of wonderful variety, ranging from the color of much-watered tea to that of a well kept kitchen range. Each 0:10 of these youngsters had an occupation different from that of hi., fellows, and each had sj>eciul and most important interests to look after. They ail agreed, however, in having the very biggest kind of a time that ever was enjoyed by any porcliful of oolored babies. Tho boss of this little African colony was the most motherly of all colored women?a woman more than old enough to be tho grandmother cf any baby there* a woman whose every movement spoke of counties babies successfully steered through measles and scarlet fever, and a woman with o smile to keep babies warm and mako them feel that life was worth livimr even on rainy days. This was Mrs. Jano Brown, the v;iso nurse who has charge of nil those little Africans, and whoso duty it is to sco that the poor, thin little young ones v.*ho often come to her rare grow and prosper in a way to inake Jonah and his gourds quite dizzy. All babies, Ivlrs. Brown says, are as delicate as young turkeys, as every mother knows. But the negro babies are the most delicate end difficult to bring up of any. A colored baby's legs would much I'athei* gv? crooked than straight any day. A colored baby is not satisfied to have tho measles and get quietly through with them. It first gets tho measles, then picks up the mumps before the measles are 3ver, anil falls into a tub of hot water with measles ami mumps in full blast. Sometimes a white child will play near a staircase without falling down. A colored baby never. A KiTiv cr>tx nil tho diseases he can. and risks his life as often as is at all eonve-1 niont This is a trick which the colored baby j acquired in old slave times, when it didn't pay him to grow up, anyhow, and he has never gotten over it. For, of course, csxch colored baby must learn for himself that slavery has been wiped out. SYSTEM OF nAIRIXG THE YOt'J GSTERS. Mi's. Brown's sy.-tem of raising: therefi'octOry colored babies is very simple, and it is also very successful. Sbo does not lot them do anything that is bad for them, but lets them do everything else. All of the young ones are very fond of Mi's. Brown, and, never having known' their own mothers, live under th > pleasant delusion that they are all her children, and all brothers and sisters. This promotes harmony among the young ones, and causes them to receive the rare spankings with as much submission as tliuy do the much more frcrfUent rewards, Right near the nursery there Ls a big room which receives the youngsters when the nurs ?ry censes to be sufficiently mature for them. That is the kindergarten, and the talent of the artist, who is on hand all this time, gives you the first glimpse that was had of it. A bunch of small colored boys were sitting around a very low table absorbing wisdom through eyes aad ears? nnd singing in chorus the important facts that they had learned. When they said that thej' had ten fingers they held up that number to prove it, and if any student as he sang "This is my thumb" had the misfortune to point toward his ear, ho was scorned by his fellows and censured by the young lady who has chargo of tho class. Besides tho kindergarten, where tho children learn how to sing, there are six classes which Jill the children full of just as much learning as they can hold up to their 1:2th year, when they leave tho institution and start out in the world to earn a living. There was a head and a tail to every class, and the tail as a rulo seemed to bo hav ing most fun. There were success and triumph embodied in the young woman who woro a medal, and tho real troubles of life hail begun with the very youhg women, who might be seen here, and there doing penance, with their faces to tho wall, carefully covering their heads with their aprons to shut out tho sight of mocking youth.?New York Sun. Nemcsiit Overtake-* u "Magnetic Healer." A doctor at Portland, Ore., took too much electricity while practicing what ho called magnetic healing, and now ho is suffering from paralvsis or too lower esiromiue.s. xiu used to wear shoes witn plates in the roles of them and stand on metalio plates, which there was an electric battery, and as tho current passed through him be transmitted it to his patients l>y the laying on of ! hands, claiming, of course, tho power was within himself and not from a lattery.? Chicago Times. Tlio Japanese as Kuilronil Engineers. The Japanese have not only had nearly MOO miles of railroad in operation, but they make j their own cars, and tho building of tho lino from Tsuruga to Ogaki was conducted by ; young Japanes3 engineers, whoso task included two largo bridges and a tunnel a mils j long.?Chicago IlerakL . 1 WOMEN ARTISTS IN PAF?i3. tlio Hard-Working Element nn?1 the Frivolous?Correcting tho Students' ! Work. Tho hard-workinjy element is mostly rotaposcd of Finns, Danes and Norwegians-"* horthlanders to whom art i.-; a terribly earnest | thing and who rarelVj if ever, mingle with tho moro frivolous French, American and British sections. During tho ten minutes of rcposo which i.; allowed to tho model every hour theso serious ones collect in little knots, and in curious languages (Wbirh sound vaguely like CTerman rut up and hardened j into cakes for exportation) they discuss each J other's work, or cl.so 0:10 poses and the others: make pencil sketches of her. It i; curious to know what a largo percent- J ago of theso northerners there aro in nearly . every studio. They aro almost ail "serious"'? that is, they work with a definite object, their j averago or work is consequently high, and, j although they do not join in the general | "frivol" of tho studio, they are always ready | to help a struggling lieginncr, or to give a: timely criticism to any ono in difficulties, j There arc generally two professors, who come j twice a week to correct the students1 work, ono in tho morning, tho other in the afternoon. Their arrival is looked forward to: with a fearful joy. You hear a heavy step on the stair. "C'est luif* says some wag near tho door, and everyone begins to rub out suddenly found faults with frenzy, as Tacques, the garcon, comes in to make Up the lire, or an unkempt Italian puts in her head to know if a model is wanted. However, when, after many false alarms, tho professor really appears, tbo joy of antici- j pat.ion i3 lont in tho horrid discovery of tho j mistakes which seem to break out all over j your drawing as you feel tho master coming' nnarcr and nearer. When you dismount j from your high stool, to allow him to ascend in your place, your terrors havo not unfrequently so quickened your eye that you know instinctively that ho will correct parts with which you wero blandly pleased beforo ho ~ T* ? ./?<. 1.11\t* infnrectit-.'r Irnnw if this is an instanco of thought reading on lho part [ of tho pupil, or merely tho working of an; unnaturally stimulated conscience. The pro- j fcsscr's criticisms are usually very short, and j most frequently soverc. Then ho passes on, j leaving what had been a sufficiently self-! satisfied young wemau a broken-hearted ruin, ?Magazino of Art. A PHOSPHORESCENT CEMENT. Til*- MrtnlfoUl CV.fl* of Luminous Con-, crcte?Guides uiul I3c;:coi)3. A method of utilizing tho luminous powder: prepared mainly as a sulphide of calcium for admixture with cements, plaster of Paris und! concrete has been recently invented by a cou- j pie of London men, tho objcct being to pre- { pare the articles with n sclf-coutained phos-1 phorcscent property instead of coating them with luminous paint. As oii example, tho patentees take of cement, such as is known as Keen's Parian or other suitable make, in varying proportions, as, for instance, two pounds to five pounds lo ono pound of tho luminous powder; mi:: tho uimo with water, | and then mould ifc to required shapo in tho' usual way, or lay it on to ceilings or Walls by j means of a trowel. Tho patentees attach importance to placing ] tho moulded articles, as soon ns they havo been" dried, in a bath of parafiino wax andj bcnzolino or ot her suitable weather or water j proofing substance. In l ho caso of using tho I luminous cement upon c Wall or coiling, they j sponge or brush the surf aco over with a solu- j tion of parafiine wax and benzoline or othci j suitable damp-proofing solution. The uses ot a luminous correct are manifold: For the-. garden?luminous concrete as edging to; garden paths nnd carriage drives, for guides and beacons at tho entraneo gates cf drives. ! insides of stables, the base of balustrades, 0) ' the entirety of balustrades. For roads?as' luminous beacons at comei-s of dark country . lanes, and at tho ends of bridges,' ends of! walls, and curbs of footpaths. For docks? j for edging of piers and wharves. For water- i works?for tho safety and dispatch of night, work by tho erection of luminous guides and ! beacons and for firo plug notices >:i walls. In' short, for any places whero the light of dr.y j will sufficiently cxcito tho phosphricscent; property as to render tho cement or concrete ' work luminous by ni^ht.?Scientific Ainer j icun. . ? TlaMaeln a !.'nr.lUll llml The wholo character of tho Prussian i? above all governmental. In this lies our strength?as well as this reason that wo Plus-! sinnsand tho north Germans generally, who! arc influenced by us, arc raivly attractive to ; others. In the English and in tho lUist>ian this governmental stain-) i? loss predominant.': Tho English are, notwithstanding their peculiar manners and customs, tho freest nation in all the civilized world. Their social laws tend to la)- down firm but convenient iawa for human intercourse. A man's position iu! society depends upon the judgment of s<x-iety' only, not on the judgment of the governn-ont,; and the iflea of a "gentleman" is the measure! by which tho English inORSurc n man. It is1 otherwise with tho Russian. Ho has no i lea' of gpntlemanliness. But there is a small part J of Russian society which is as free from tho; inlluenco of the government as tho English! themselves, and where (ho social lawsr.ro also ! self-imposed. Of Russian society in general i it must lie said that it bears neither tho gov-1 ernmental stamp of Prussia nor hardly a trace of the order of English society; it is a! loose, shapeless mass, which, however, by in dividual aRiisumiLjr, is iiaujuiauiii^ijr uuiutv ive. But tho one thing which is peculiar to us Prussians?namely, tho governmental character of society?can bo found neither i among tho English nor the Russians. If we | want to bo anything in soeicly we nmst Le soldiers or officials, other wiso we arc nothing. ?German Hewspapcr." Tlio Tomb of Abolnril anil Ilclolse. News comes from Paris that M. Gounod is about to compose an opera founded on tho story of Abelard and Ileloiso. Wonder if he will weave in anything about tu?!r Vomb in Pero la Chaise, to which disappoM't*! levers make pilgrimages, decking ft w'C* funereal wreaths? In an open space nt>nr? tue tonil> reclin# t?ro marble ligurcs side by sUie. which are suirt to be from the original tomb of those unforlur.r.'e lovers. Hut they were not. Tho j cold, uurotnai.ilo fuct is that the cfligies are from different tombs i;i an old Paris church that was destroyed I>y the revolutionists nearly 100 years ago, and lliey did not even bolong together. The tomb itself is constructed of tho remains of other tombs, and nothing about the monument over had any connection with Abelard and Ileloiso until brought io, i Pore la Chase and rcehristened. ?Texas JSil'ti?oS j Planting Ever'trcens Anions Fruit Trocs. j Michigan fruit growers claim that pine; trees scattered through an orchard Lave a beneficial inlhu'iico in driving away the moth i of many of th-j destructive insects which prey ] upon apples and apple tr vs. Tt is supposed ] to lie the strong effluvia issuing from 1 he tur- i pontine of the pine. Others assert that the ' pine in all its varieties throws oiT constantly in cold weal her a large amount of warmth or i caloric, which has a* favorable influence on ] surrounding trees during the winter season. ] In fact it is contended by some scientific men ( that all evergreen trees Lave this influence.? ! ; Chicago NoWi ' ' j WHY MEN CONTINUE SMOKING. An Inqnlrjf Into the Allowed Reasons for tho Mnncullne Habit. A number of literary men smoke simply to make an income. They have learned that with a pipe in their mouths thoughts not only come more readily, but in better order" and that, while it is often difficult to get tho proper word if they are not smoking, it runs to the point of the pen tho moment they "light up." Psychologically this is the most interesting, and the reason trffmankinct1 cannot grasp it probably is that psychology is not, unfortunately, taught in ladies' seinina A COMPOSITE PORTRAIT. A COLLECTIVE LIKENESS OF tWEN* TY YOUNG COLLEGE GIRLS. Interesting: Kestilts Obtained by Moans of an Kxtrnordinnry Invention?Something Fascinating to the Imagination. Adoration or u Photographer. Before me stands a cabinct photograph of a young girl,"with clcar and thoughtful eyes, dark hair and eyebrows, oval face, straight nose, and well-rounded chin. All who sea it arc attracted by it, j'et tho universe would bo vainly searched for tho original in a woman's form. It is one of those wonders of recent art known as "composite portraits;" it does not represent one person, but twenty; it is the collective likeness of twenty young girls ?one whole section of tho senior class of a woman's collego in Massachusetts. I remember that when Mr. Francis Galton, the originator of this extraordinary hi vention, gave mo in London, eight years ago, some explanation of his project, it seemed to me as astounding as if ho had promised to photograph the unspoken thoughts of the human mind. It grew, I believe, out of his studies in that "Hereditary Descent," on which ho has written a book so interesting. His first aim was to take several faecs of the same family, presumably possessing something in common, and, by photographing them successively upon a prepared plate, to eliminate and omit Whatever was individual in each, preserving only what tbey had in common, the pure type, or family look. Succeeding in this, the art has been carried much farther, being next applied to men of like pursuits, extracting from a dozen mathematicians, for instance, the characteristic mathematical face, whatever it is? J from a dozen philologists tho faco that marks the student of language?and so on. PEItFETUATION OP YOUTH AND BEAUTY. Many such typical faccj have been engraved J hi scientific journals, but it is only lately that the process has been applied to the jierpetua- i tion of youth and beauty, or to that substi- ! tuto for beauty which youth puts into every woman's face. When we have, in addition, the type of intellect- represented in higher studies, the result bcconics doubly interesting. Ev?r sine? Tennyson wrote his "Princca"' tho newspapers have been quoting his pleasing alliteration of the "sweet girl graduates," but tho. girl graduate herself has never been photographed in collective unity before.' Yet here she stands. . .... . Tho process is not so magical as it seems, and tho composite portrait can be made cither from tho separate living faces or from photographs previously taken. Tho former course is more direct, and gives the better representation; but tho latter has the advantage of excluding all motion in tho sitter, and therefore effecting a surer result. A photograph .'a hmnnmil fni- Tflinh id tho "loilff process;" and is to bo exposed perhaps for an hour. On this plate are to be re-photographed in succession, we will say, twenty photograpli3 of young girls. For each of theso twenty can be allowed three minutes making sixty in all; go that it is as if one sat for three miniites to be photographed, then 1 another, then another, all being thus finally j represented on the samo plate, and each morli- i fying the lineaments previously taken. Tho J result is that at tho end you obtain the aV- ; eragc or typical facfl Of tho whole twenty. It j is of course necessary to flx each face at tho samo centre, this being usually or always ! taken at tho point between, tho eyes; and j hcncc there is always a littlo less sharpness i and precision about tho lower part of tho face. For thi> reason the mouth and chin of a composite portrait arc ltirely quite so satisfactory as the eyes and brow; but in that before mo even the chin is well defined, and of a youthful roundness. No ono who has not TM-.-.vin-ivlv lir>r>ril of tho new discovery doubts I" ~ k its being this likeness of an individual person, though observers ,nro apt .to remark a little hazy look about it, as if it might bo taken from a crayon drawing. FASCINATING TII3 IMAGINATION. There is something very fascinating to tho imagination about a composite portrait. It is a link between tho real and the ideal, tho photographer emulating with more precision tho constructive imagination of tho pointer. Ruskin ur-ed to laugh at artists who tried to put upon their canvas somo four-legged crca- j tare that should Ixj the genera lizationbet ween j a pony and n pig; yet hero is a generalization! between Mary and Charlotte, between Kate | ami Caroline. It carries us into a world of; dreams; into "Plato's Theory of Ideas," or j that line conception so impressively worked | out by Milton, in one of his Lathi poems, of Plato's archetypal man," the grand ideal of the human race, coeval wi.b the stars, and dwelling among them, or pacing the regions of the earth yet unexplored by actual men --,.1 .irAtM.M* n?. if f-filrnc uc into Pnn's wnrlrla UXIU VI IV MttkVU w - of phantom; or among the conceptions of ono! of our most imaginative younger* writers.'! Edward Bel lain}*, who in ''Miss LudingtnnVi Sister*' fancies an elderly woman as Ix>lieviug1 in the immortality of her past self, and as: finally obtaining through a spiritual medium j the materialized image of herself afc eighteen, ?a young cmvturc whom she adopts as a j sister. So is this pretty portrait tho more than twin sister of each of these twenty young' girls; for each of them it li herself and yet: not herself; it is herself modified in face, as she really is more or less in character, by the I companionship of all the rest; it represents' their common life, and will ever remain with them as the imago of their collective j'outh. But how hopeless the position of some modern l'ygmalion, turned photographer, and falling hi love with tho goddess of his own' creation (, There would no longer, to bo sure, be any i dilHeulty in warming her into life; the trouble I is that when made alivo she would not be one j 'hi- twmitv inn! the adoration of the' enamored artist would have to bo so sub-, divided as to be scarcely worth receiving.? "T. W. II." in Harper's Bazar. V.'hiit a Spruce Cuin Merchant Says, j "There's only 0110 kind of spruce gum,! though they advertise medicine made from rod spruce gum, just as if there wero blue gum or any other color. There's no use talkhiY spruce gum is good for the stomach, an' I advise everybody to chew it. It don't need any preparing, only just scraping the bits of bark oil", an'then it's ready to be sold and chewed. Spruco trees is gettin' scarcer'n they used to be, an' you have to travel a good ways further'n you used to to get much gum. I foot it on snow shoes?sotno that I made myself. In winter I havo some help, men un1 boys who hain't nothiu1 to do, an' I pay 'em for what they pick.1' ?Boston Globe Interview. A Kail way station at Tarau*. i i i>....i 'l'.,........ ,Vlvf tin O?1' 'U1U X UUl VI 1 Ul !? ?.-* VV/M1V "V. ?? ivoulil sec queer looking British creatures talking about "luggage nnci brasses, you know," iu Ills same native city. An English rail way is now mystifying tho simple countrymen of the ajKwtle.?intjr-Uecun. Tli Oplnleon of a Dca'er. A dealer in foreign rags believes that all rags that come from across the ocean should be disinfected on this side by a live-steam pro:ess. If this be done, however, it will add ?5 i ton to the cost, and incrcass the price of paper.?Chicago Times. I Smoking is a great safeguard against infecj tious diseases. It is only by reading up tho I subject scientifically in medical treatises that j ono thoroughly gets to understand the thousand risks of this kind that wo run every day. In the country during tho summer months, when men are on their holidays, they look forward to having a temporary respite from smoking. Then it does not so much matter how the temperament is; living so much in the open air tho smoking of other persons has littlo effect on tliom and there is less danger of infection. It is to keep off the flies that men smoke at the seaside and 011 the hills. Their own M-eatherbeaten countenances can stand the flics; but these little domons would not only spoil the summer for susceptible wives and sisters and children, but would disfigure them as well. That is what a man cannot endure. You may have seen picnics on the I river or among the fields, with all tho men ' smoking and tho ladies standing quite near ! them. With many men smoking is merely | an excuse tot staying at home. A man looks I foolish of an evening doing nothing, yet ho is too tired to do much. A cigar supplies the amount of labor he requires, and ho docs not mind tho trouble of smoking it so long as it enables him to stay at home without loss of dignity, and took admiringly and yet undemonstratively at his wife. Should a man with a small income be an epicure, or naturally of an irasciblo temper, it will add greatly to the happiness of his home if he compels himself to smoke. And at present, when times are so bard as to affect every ono more or less, a cigar is a cheap and excellent substitute for expensive amusements.?St. James' Gazettee. A Rich Man's Tailor-Made Clothci. A Now York tailor who makes clothes for fashionable young men?and fashionable old ; men,- tm)j fr't that matters-says that a \ fi?. i,?>..? ' AJLUX.1 VUUII^U UUa tuuiu UVU IU<J Ilit LUUUO VI, | 80)110 of his customers during the past year ! or two. It used to be the proper thing for ; rich men to make contracts with their tailors for a year's supply of clothes, at so much per year. They got a now suit, and wore it as long as it looked fresh; then thoy would tako it back and obtain a new one in its stead, and so they were able to go through the year | in a well-dressed way. It was an English custom that the gentlemen imported, and it was considered quito the necessary way for several years, till suddenly somebody began to suspect that it was not quite as economical as some other plan might be. Tho samo ! thing dawned on lots of other pcqple soon j after, and that ended tho custom. A rich ; man's tailor-made wardrobe on this plan used j to cost anywhere* from $1,000 to ?3,000 per year?in exccptiohal cases, of course, mount- : ing much higher. It was a .bonanza for tho i tailors, whoso hot flatirons seldom failed trf ' make a creased suit returned by one cus-'.j tomcr look bright and fresh enough for another. Now rich men are paying for their clothes as thoy buy them, at so much per suit. The. old style, which did not amount to' much moro than a renting of the clothes, and which ! went under on tho scoro of economy; makes i way for a new scheme, which, if tho tailors j are to be believed j is agdod deal more expen- j rive. The averacro swell in New York society I is spending now from $1,500 to $2,000 a year on bis tailor, if be is cutting any figure at all. ! Men do not fchotf much' about tho cost of j clothes and expenses of manufacture. Show j a mau a coat that costs $20 and another that j costs $70, and ho will seldom hesitate to pay the $50 difference to get the higher priced ! garment.?Nov/ York Cor. Argonaut.' Improvement Needed In I'ark Benchca. Of course these benches aro inadequate to the accommodation'. 6f the multitudes that | visit the parks, and who, sooner or later, aro anxious to sit d<5wn and rest. But a man and woman will stand up or walk around a long tunc before* they will sit duwn alongside people whom they do not fancy. The nark benches are ell as long as if intended to hold J a geography ela;;s at a common school, and what usually happens is this: One tramp takfcs a seat at one end of a bench, and soon afterward another tramp takes a seat at tho ; other end, after which everybody avoids it as j carefully as if it were newly painted.'I never saw a park bcnch twenty feet long yet that; would accommodate but two, or, at the most,'! three persons.' .. .. The scats provided for visitors should not' be longer than will accommodato two per-j sous. Instead of one long bc-nch there should j b? three short ones, tea feet apart. Better Still would be six chairs, six fevt apart. A ' still greater improvement would bo "the sub- j i stitution or mere stools lor tne ueneiics. An excellent stool could bo made ,of iron nt a; ' very trifling expense/ and' would present : many advantages. A gentleman or lady, could sit 011 it witb<nit without being in un?1 j pleasant ,-hixta position to coarsc and ill-be- i , haved people, and it would not bo so com-1 . fortable that they would wish to occupy it j hours at a time. Moreover, it could not bo j defaced with knives or pencils, and it would j last almost forever.?Chicago Journal. , : i Tho ficcrct of Sanguinary Duclv I ' M. Aurclien Scholl, the witty French an-1 ' thor, devotes an amusing chronique to the j 5 lato Dr. Thevenet, whoso notorious readiness 1 to magnify tho merest sword prick into a* 1 dangerous wound brought his services into ! groat request on such occasions. M. Scholl, . indeed, goes so far as to assert that the cxccl-, r lent doctor adopted tho precaution of; . r :_i ...uk i.rt i ' prillglU? a Vial \JL U1UUU vrim mm, ? ucu juu ( j was asked to attend a combatant into tbo i field; iind lie contrived, by a dexterous use of its contents, to give such a ghastly appear- c anco to the slightest scratch that t-oino aj^ parently sanguinary duels at which he as- S sisted did not cost a solitary drop of blood to either of the parties.?The Argonaut. T7ou!<l L.:iy In u Supply. Visiting IIj lienor's birthplace recently, M. Jules Simon aslced thj housekeeper if r.iany visitors came to sro it. "Yes. a great many English l'ollc." "Weil, you ir/.ght get a j ^ handsome little fortune from some of thorn 1 by selling them the pen with whii h If. ! Renar wrote his 'Life of Jesus."' "Alas, I | * have it not! I Jut I will go to the stationer's! to-morrow and buy two hundred!"?Chicago j J Tribune. 1 * Tlie Ancient Unmans \Yi:!:ont Sn ip. i t The early Germans and Teutons were in np- ! e pearanco much like, the ' VIts, being descend- | v tlin \rvim ??rvlr lli.i (',11,1.1 I l> nml the Germans wero superior to U:e Ho- j ? mans ia one point, uanicly, the use of soap, c though it does not seem quite clear whether i v, tlioy employed it wholly for cleanliness or ' partly for the purpose of reddenirg their hair. & ?Bo-ton Budget' v Mi MADNESS FROM DRINK A WRETCH IN THE AGONIES CF 0 . LlRillM TREMENS. Shocking Sfehe at a Hoipltnl-rsl'iicinations of a Patient?A riiy*Zcl:m . o ?? About the Cause and Treatment of tli. ^ i>!deaao. "He's got mania potu," was the sliort <lin~ no:ls of tlio young aoctor. -rut mm in mo ;--M strongroom." :"^S It wasn't so Easily done, however. He fought like a devil incarnate, and the ^ which rtfcd up around it? & tus-j - ' |g seemed to lend strength to resist liis supposed 0 persecutors. In the awfnl struggle he re- . leased one of liis hands and stnxck viciously ">J at one of the men holding him. But ho was at last overpowered. He would probably have killed tho attendants one by one, but they , were too many, and in Cfteeu minutes he was! strapped down to a cot. Horrid reptiles j crawled over tho helpless body, which was at their mercy. A great poisonous snake which had found its way into tho hospital * was slowly creeping upon him to end.hi/ , d miserable existence. There was a terrible/ ^ despairing cry, which was deadened withia those four padded walls, and the exhausted^ P" man fell back panting, breathless, and ap-, parently dead. Ho soon revived to new and' ' more loathsome hallucinations. That horrid snake came hack again reinforced by an alligator, while a tiger stuck his . . ^ hungry jaws within the little room and . y* gritted his teeth and opened his capacious jaws in anticipation of a palatable feast oil,' ;l the poor wretch tied to his bed. All this, and? much more, the maddened man saw in his de-' vc lirium. Tho transition was rapid from one horror to another, bat there at last came a Y rest from tho sickening spectacle. muili. L Ju"N Lr in& OilAll&xv&i/ A doctor entered with a potion of chloral, which the frantic patient was forced to swal- ^ -;M low, Presently the effect became noticeable.' y?; The sick man grew less violent, and the glar-. /% ing eyes, resembling two balls of lire, grow, vj? calm and closed as if in slumber. The chloral 'r .3 did its work well, and sustained its reputation ; ^ as a soporific specific. The raging lion is trans- ;? formed hito a peaceful, sleeping lamb, and ?? Immediate danger is over. In the morning i: tho patient awoke comparatively refreshed, J* but ho feels an unconquerable thirst for v^S whisky. He is almost crazy for a drink, and ' i declares ho will hayo it or die. A veiy little. ;vg is giveri/hlm, iwhich quiets tho 6l^tteredliiifyet '* for a little while." By slow stages" fie was' brought around all right, and in four or five' 'Jj days ho was discharged cured of that attack, "' . T but he is liable to go through the same thing again before long. "It is a strango disease," said a prominent" hospital physician, "but modern scienco 1/ ablo to control it better than formerly. Tho proper namo for what is vulgarly called tho 'jim-jams' is mania potu, or ma .riess from drink. It is produced by excessive use of al- "m cobolic stimulants. The nervous system be- js comes prostrated, aud there is an imperfect; cumulation of the blood, which produces'moro 2 or less congestion of the brain. A man's .:< ideas flow with the utmost profusion, but' -i there is no regulation or will power, and the sufferer is affected by Dlusions and halludh, <% nations-;-false sensations of a real object, o? intellectual i)ervcrsiou without any relation* to a real object. In the former case the unfortunate man would tbink a ball rolling on . 3 the Qbor was a rat ?r a bat, or crouching . bear. The innri affected with hallucination^ sees things which have no actual existence around him. .. ... ' IS PAROXYSMS OF TERROR. . . . "The great'.fcaturo of mania poln is the loss. X of voluntary ov will power.. It is always vettf difficult to control delirium tremens, patients,' '<* %& because they can not bo convinced by reason, \ and' in former duys they often died iu h.sM paroxysms of ten-or. The(y* gain superhuman ' strength, and men who, in their normal con-. - 3 dition, coiikl be easily handled by u >inglo strong man arc too much for three or four. , ^ powerful attendants, The treatment formerly Jj was to exhaust tlie patient by emetics. Now jgjj chloral or bromide of potassium are the soverctfgn" remedies. Very few men die of delirium' tremens, but they suffer ten thousand'deaths wliilo iu tho liofrOrs or ttie uennum. 1 laanx ? periodical driiftcrs uro more liablo to mania ^ ,'-J potu than tho steady topers.' Thero arotW . classes of cases of tlio disease. Iii onct^o * afflicted is possessed of a high fever, hot skiii,-" j'ri and is inclined to violence, whilo in the other .?aj the skin is-cool, sweaty and there is no mani- J festalion of violence. Old Dr. Tolliver once -. ,3 had a light for Ms life .with a man who had] ' >;Jj delirium tremens,' and" the/ tiro often cxtremcly dangerous to handle." Many of tho denizens of Vino street arc fa- ? rtiiliar with ttte syniptdms arid terrors of tbe^ ji'm-jams,'and have been in tho hospital fight-* /: fiig monsters which the eye of a sano man lias' " never yet beheld. The man who laughs at" delirium tremens has never been'through it." ' ' y, An old-toper shivers every tinio ho hears tho. expression and tho most callous wretch feels.' pity for a fellow sufferer v.ho has been tortured' by tho imaginary demons and reptiles which > Li? liirrrTcir hes, sern in his attaclcs of alcohol* um, a mild term for the most intense suffer- ? nig to which the human brain can bo sub- Z jeeted.?Cincinnati Enquirer^, Skim of a Thousand llori>ev . The interesting fact was learned by a ro. porter tint tho hides of about 1,000 horses, and tho skins of at least ten times as many sheep aro cut up into coverings for baseballs in this city every season. By one manufac-, - ] turer alone three tons of yarn ore used a year. Cor tho insides of baseballs. The hide and1 skin used is perfectly white, being alunr anned, aiid comes from Philadelphia.' Out, )f one horse's hide the coverings for twelvo lozen balls aro cut, and out of ono sheep-., skiti three dozen. Two strips of tho leather, iro required for each ball, cut wide, ancf ounding at each end so that they flt into' :ach other when put around tho yarn ball. ... Each piece, for a league ball, is seven inches ojig by two inches wide at the ropnded onds.'. The pioccs aro cut with a die. Old-fashioned.' iluo Shaker yarn is used for the inside of, a' League ball, which is wound tightly around i small rubber ball weighing, exactly one mnce. The improved League ball has now louble coverings of horsehide, which is regarded as a great improvement?New York Hail and Express. / 3 Rom# J?cantifnl Doaljm In TVatche*. Tho new watehes of smallest size exhibit he dead white silver covered with: miquc designs, with an open scroll rork studded with tinv rubies: tho ball vatchcs. Again oxidized, with foliago and log in high relief; n frog seated in graceful; ittitude is playing on a banjo and evidently inging, also in high relief. Another beautiul little M atch has an oxidized hammered ; ase, with horsemen in high relief leaping a' once, trees and hunting lodge in tbo distance. )tbere ate oxidi;*d and exquisitely enameled rith flowers and vines. Another design con-' ists of t-hells on water loaves in black enamel,' r Ji villi a spray of oxidized waves and spider in' ;old. Tho chains, just four inches long, aro" f various styles, hammered, filagree, chased, liainmail, iisb-scale, having curios in tho^ ray of pendants that promise to circulate brougli the whole encyclopaedia of naturaf iitorj'. These aro suspended with other de-' iccs.?2Tcw York Tribune. ?-/