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4j^,T ' . ^-rX tlu ? ,M.,.. in mmmmhmmmumi BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. a, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 10, 1886. VOLUME XXX. NO. 35. ^? 7 j '' A^i WILLS LITERARY CLUB.; THE MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MONTH- i LY MEETING. _ j Subject Under Discussion: "Ilj piono" Essay by Mr. Husli Wilsoii--Re-l marks by Dr. F. F. Gary, W. A. Lee, i Esq., Col. O. T. Cailioun, Col. E. B. Gary, Judge JIcGowan, Prof. Geo. C. Horigres, W. O. Bradley, Esq., Mr. " ? " w ft Tnlninn. IKIIivnvi) vv? v* ? Abbeville, S. C., March 5. 1SSG. The Club met at the usual hour at the house of Dr. Marshall. Rev. W. H. Hanckel pre- j sided. Members present? S. C. Cason, A. W. Smith, {1 S. McGowau, J. Lovvrie Wilson, L. W. Smith, j L. W. Perrin, E. B. Gary, W. C. McGowau, H. T. Ward law, T. C. Perrin, B. S. Barnwell, G. C. ! Hodges, W. 0. Bradley, A. B. Wardlaw, O.T.I1 Calhoun, J. D. Chalmers, W. A. Lee, L. W. White, rfugh Wilson, M. P. DeBruhl, W. A. Templeton, Walter L. Miller, W. II. Hanekel, . J. S. Perrin, J. T. IVtrks. i Visitors?Col. M. O. Tolman, Dr. G. A. Xeuf- 1 fer, Mr. J. M. While and Dr. F. F. Gary. "" "" " ' ? ??I mom- i xne IOUOWU18J pciwna ntiv ... , bers: Rev. J. Lowrie Wilson, Rev. S. A. Web- ' er, Mr. J. Allen Smith, Prof. Wister Archer. Mrs. Tyler and Mrs. Fannie J. Marshall were elected reading members. The names of Dr. E. L. Wilson and Dr. G. A. Neuffer were proposed ior membership. This being the evening in course for the annual j 4ind quarterly election of officers, the Clubj then proceeded to that business. L. Wardlaw Smith, Esq., was elected President; Prof. George C. Hodges, Vice-President; I Mr. T. C. Pcrrin, Recietary; Mr. B. S. Barn-i well, Librarian and Treasurer. i The former Committee on Periodicals was tre-elected, viz: Mesirs. W. C. Benet, L. W. Perrln and W. A. Templctmi. Messrs. L. W. \Y bite, J. Fuller Lyon and S. <?. Cason were made the Committee on Essays ( and Place of Meeting. J The Secretary was directed to notify all de- j j linquent members that they must pay up i their annual dues on or before the next meet- ' ing or their names would be stricken from 1 the roll. Mr. Hugh Wilson tben read an essay on "Hygiene," which was followed by discussion". ' The usual refreshments were served. Col. O. T. Calhoun was appointed the next ) essayist with Prof. Archer as his alternate. ' Col. Calhoun announced as his subject "The ! Homestead and Lien Law." .Place of meet- ) i?6, Col. E. B. Gary's. The Club then adjourn- 1 ed. Walter L. Mili.kr, j Secretary. < LIFE AND HEALTH. j A | THE OBSERVANCE OF THE LAWS OF HEALTH A RELIGIOUS DUTY. ? The Injustice of Blaming <hc Lord for the Evils Which Result From Onr Own Misconduct ? Woman's Beauty and Woman's Attractiveness--Exploded Theories as to Diet -- The Importance of Sanitary 3feasures?The Great Boon of Medical Science?The Curse Inflicted by Quacks and Charlatans?Patent j jrtri.Hou nana tin.- a rv-.-w h.i ( suiting From a Reckless Swallow- ' in;' of 3fe?lieine. | Health belns our richest estate, Its eroation f anil preservation vouId seem to i c the lirst f and great duly of man. Hut as the way ward ( youth is reek'tess of his patrimony, so is the great mass of the human family prod- s igal of this priceless treasure, which is i second ohiy in importance to that of the,! immortal soul. Delinquencies of duty to i I our neighbor may lie concealed; we raay I .secure a mantle of chanty for our moral 11 transgressions; for violations of the divine 1 law we may appeal for mercy at the Throne s of Grace, and our sins, though they be like j J crimson shall be as wool; we may evade just punishment for breaking the laws of! f the land, and stand justified beJbre the world, | < liut for violations of the laws of health; | the individual will be held toa strict account- ! i ability, and the ju*t penalty will be awarded i s.k siiiiniv ss ttip uiffi-.i, follows the dav. The ! i laws of nature are immutable, and can-1 not be violated with impunity. Knowing ! these facts if. is indeed strange that the j youth in the full vigor of health and In j the strength of hi> manhood, should in- I <iulgein those cxce-ses and exposures which I will certainly bring evil to him. It is even j m:?re strange that man in the maturity of his i rears does not husband his vitality as the miser hoards his heaps of gold. MAX SHOULD I,IVE EIGHTY YEARS. The beasts of ttie field have lived only onefourth of their lives when they have reached maturity, but man with all his boasted superiority lias so tar aside the laws of fiealih as to reduce the term of his days. Applying tb? sume test to him that is ap-j plied to the lower animals, man should j aive eiahty years. But the instances where j ihe individual lives to his allotted time .and then di?-s of old age, are rare indeed. The j va*t majority of men, because of violations of the laws of health, are cut down and go hence long before their appointed time. DOX'T BLAME THE L0KI> KOIi PKEMATUKE DEATH. 1 If the young are cut down in the buoyancy 'Of eurly manhood pious friends remark upon ithe inscrutable ways ot a mysterious Provi dence, which are past finding nut: but l'rovi- j' dence in reality was in no wise respon-i1 bible for tlieir death. The p rear tiers too j often on these occasions take opportunity to !! deliver homilies, ou the uncertainty ol' life atul men often believe that the issues of life j' and death were ttie manifestations of t lie j * pleasure or displeasure of the Almighty. 1'ut 1 it isnot less important for ustaiearn a lesson 1 from the death of the young, than it would be 1 Jtor the mariner to regard the buoys and light- 1 houses, which teach him to shun the shoals 1 and shallows upon which vessels as gal-:-' 3ant as his own have been wrecked. It is not I ' less foolish to charge the Almighty with the:' death of the young and robust than it would j j be to charge to hi in the evils resulting from ' *he mariner's disregard of those well known I" rules which enable him to ride upon the sea j1 and to enter a haven of rest in safety. The tact is, ike death of the young should J j *>e used as a wholesome lesson to itn-i .press upon the minus or the living tno eer-,1 lain penalty, and terrible punishment, ' which follows violasiuns of tli*; physical !' laws, tin<1 we should he taught to under-1 ' -stand that early death is ? penalty lor ' violations of the laws of health and not a divine edict to gratify Mis own will ??r to punish for religious dereliction. "As 1 live, saith the Lord God. I have no pleasure in the'< death of the wicked: but that the wicked < (he who violate* the laws of health] turn, l irom his way and live." Providence uoes j i not willingly ?fllict the sons of men, an;l if|i Ihey suffer ar.d die prematurely it Is because , i of violations of those laws which arcinexora- i ble, and which inflict the penalty with an unrelenting hand. i' "Honor thy father and thy mother: that, ! I 1hy days may be long in the land which the J Xiord thy God giveth thee." This injunction ; and 'his promise was certainly given to teach ' children to regard the wise admonition of; their parents and to restrain them from, I violations of those wholesome rules of health j: which were known to be promotive of long' life. The command certainly implies that a i disregard of t hose rules of health will bring premature death. It is therefore wrong to charge an early death as the work of the Al mltihtv. | "Six clays shalt thou labor, and do all thy work, hut on the seventh thou shalt not do any work," is a law of health. Man's phys-!. <-al nature requires the rest, and the com-1 tnand was given to teach a lesson of obedi-enceand U> preserve the life of Ilis creatures. I WHOM WE MAY MA It It Y. As It ! ? important that man should start right In life, it might not be amiss to say: something of marriage. A sound mind in a sound body is more desirable than ^reat riches and more t o be prized than elegant accomplishments, but when all of these are<jombiued in ?ue couple t-ho law of health, and the dictates of common sense have been observed. 1 Man often entails sufferings on posterity, by his own wilful act in his inter-marriage with one whose life is but a shadow. He perhaps chooses a wife without a thought of her 1 health, or a care for the welfare of their children. Strong and robust himself he 1 marries a beautiful flower, tender and del- 1 ieale as the rose, but. which will fade as 1 ? .iinmut ne urwin ns the oi'anire 1 riTWIIIIJ ? UIIM wnnwn- ?%.. ?ww..v ^ _ blossoms that clasp her brow*. If posterity n come, they are to mourn a departed mother, and to testify In their own persons, to the ' lack of wisdom on the part of the father, and i who. in due time, will pay the penalty of his 1 errors. < While the world's inhabitants would seem to be sulliciently numerous for each man and I each woman to lie mated outside the limits of blood relations, yet. there arc cases where cms- , ins need not hesitate to marry. It is a ques- ' tion of health. If i?oth parties are perfectly healthy, and entirely free from any constitutional predisposition to the same disease, the fact of similarity of blood, need not be in the 1 way. The objection to the inter-marriage of ( cousins, is one of health, and the same objec- J tion applies with equal force to all of those 1 whose constitutional predispositions or weak- 5 nesses are alike. The union of sickly peo- f pie, developes a weaker race, while the tin- 1 ion of healthy people tends to the production J [>f deseendentswho are stronger and health- 1 ier than themselves. J And now to another point? Woman is a creater suiterer than man, ' ind this fact is due. in a large mens- [ ure to the difference in their dress. Man 1 ooks more to his personal comfort, while wo-1 [nan is more a slave to fashion. She looks i 1 A- - *T\. Km. .i^tvnnl*on<iA in tho I ? more to lilt? fllirct Ul tin iiUJ'V'iiciinw i-..*. | . ?yes of others, th:m to the physical suffering 1 which she may entail upon herself. In one 1 sense. she i? right. It is a woman's bounden I f luty?it is her christian duly?it is her duty ' io herself?i t. is her duty to those whose 1 lueen she is?to appear as beautiful and 1 is attractive as possible. If the Maker -j if the universe may adorn a clod with v flower, why should not his children be idorned in beautiful raiment? Man worships beauty, and it is pleasing in the sijrht of ( 3od himself. If it were not. so. all of man's ^ professions are false, and all of the works of ] nature are misleading. But with all of the ( iesirableness of beauty, woman in herelfort i :,o become even more beautiful than as fash- ,, oned by the hand of her maker, sometimes j >versteps the bounds of reason, and too of- \ en does viol, nee to nature and nature's laws, j Hie corset h?R perhaps been the cause of more c suffering than every other means of torture ( :hat has yet been Invented. Besides the iin- j nediate inconvenience experienced from this | lnnatuial pressure on the vital organs, their t 'unctions are thus more or less impaired and j rorn this impairment result cuunu rvuo. Woman's next greatest source of suffering is n thin shoes. All else being equal, the wise Man will prefer the woman who wears the liickest shoes. rAKIOUS ERRORS OF OPINION, WHICH HAVE BEEN HANDED DOWN TO US. Many of our people erroneously believe hat warm bread is indigestible, and therefore injurious to health. It is true that nen learned in tlie science of mcdieine lave time and again pronounced against warm bread" as an article of diet. These .vriters hail from the cities, and their utterances asainst"wnrm bread-' have special reference to "baiters' bread," and have no application whatever to our biscuit. The obection to warm bread is not. fis is generally supposed, because of its warmth, but be;ause of its newness. As heating changes the lough into bread, so the bread that is allowed o become a littiestale undergoes still another shange which change makes it of easier digestion. The baker's bread, when eaten fresh ind warm, to a greater or less extent, forms a umporballin the stomach which becomes >o thoroughly coated that it is, for a tune, impervious to the action of the gastric juices? [?ence "warm bread" is unhealthy?not be;ause of its warmth, but because of its newness. Another mistake which is almost universal, . s, that man should no to bed on an emp- 1 i,y stomach. The fact is, that no man at any x ;ime should lie down to sleep with an insulli- c Mency of food in his stomach. It is necessary it alt times for this rule to be observed, but 1 more especially is it so in malarious or infec 8 'ions localities. It is against nature for any J miuial to be required to lie down hungry, 1 ind man is the only exception in having ed- {; icated himself to sleep on an empty stomach. 1 fhe natural functions of the body, in its pro- j r ess of assimilating food and in repairing the 11 losses and wear incident to the exposures of he day point to ibe necessity ot a state of 1 lie greatest re<t during the digestion of food. J ro ward olt the approach of disease in our 1 sleeping hours, the sysiem demands the sus- : enance which a generous supply of food sl rives. JLl is a won estaonsneu iaci. uiau ui- jest ion ;roes on better during steeping than 1 luring waking hours. (: The idea that fruit is golden at morning. c silver at noon, and lead at night, Is also an c xploded theory. It is goldeu all the time 1 Lei us eat of fruits in their season, at any f lour, but more especially on going to bed 1 tie that docs this will rind his internal arrangements healthy and well next morning, [ kvliile his head ? ii| be clear, and the whole 1 system at a maximum of strength ai.d activ- [ ly. 1 It is fair to presume that the original as- 1 sertion that sugar and candy injuro ehil- * Iren's leeth was made by t>ome very wise 1 . i- ? ...I... ?l,.a im l >ei>uu hi UJt; viitrrw ?n?? wmu reason for the belief. This, 1 iki? many other j sayings which have been handed down to ns s erroneous. In the absence of specific J sause, the researches of medical scie.?ce have r lot been able to discover the rea<on lor the , ieeay of the teeth. All that the medical fra- . erni:y have yet done in that direction is to J idmit that it comes from some unknown J :onstitutional derangement or imp.iirinent, 1 vhieh they have not yet learned to treat. Oh- J servation, however, teaches that the de- { :ay of the teeth scidom takes place after the ' nan has reached fifty years. Siuar is not I more injurious to the tuetli than other ? oreign substances which may be left in the } no nth, hut to Chat extent, and to that extent 1 nily, issugar injurious to the teeth. We might J villi more reason say that beef is injurious, f I'he cravings of the stomacli is nature's 1 **ay of asuins for whatever is needed in y ler gre-.it workshop. sus;tr Is an essential dement in the composition of the body. As .he cattle of i tie field need smIt, so tlie child leeds sugar. When the boy has attained he age of manhood the desire for sweets is . )ften supplanted by his diet, but the demand 1 'or sweets in some form continues. There is ' lomething in whiskey wliich takes the place 1 >f sugar, and the full urown-boy sometimes ! ;altcs his sugar in that form. ,rE SHOULD KKEP OUKSELVKS WAltM, AND t I ST1UK 1U IIUIt L.M)MWJlini.-?, || It Is of the first importance t hat, we keep ' nirselves warm. Our houses should be coinortahle and our clothing sliouid be suitable. \ny bodi iy sutleriug troin cold is a draught! )ii our vitality, and it is said that cold l'eet j :ia?rc put more m?*n in their graves than all i the wars that have ever been fought. When- j jver the hands or feet are cold, or whenever ibe body sudors from tlie same cause, it. is nature's appeal and nat ure's warning, which j none can safely disregard. No man need suppose that he is making himself hardy by aj> pcarlim 011 the street? r on the farm with inefficient clothing at any time, and it. is the jreatest mistake, which too many make, to lefer the putting on of warm clothing at the First approach of the winter season. In t lie Kail the system is more susceptible to the ivil elfects of cold, than in midwinter. Fori [his reason our warmest clothing should be ivoruiit i in- ni si, mi11 > uiiv.-wi 111 uin ii. nui. ill the .spring ot Mie year we sire still more frequently sufferers from the ant. of discarding our warm clothing at the first approach >1 Summer. The true way to do is to stick to your undershirt, until it sticks to you. He ivho disregards this rule will suffer for his indiscretion. j "xioirr a ik." J While some men are too careless as to the j xmifortof their houses, and make them so) pen that they are hut little protection to i their households, others again go to the other ! extreme and make their houses so close! ind so tight as to prevent a sufficient veil-j [illation, and thus deprive their familiesi af the necessary supply of pure air. Tool many have a superstitious belief that. j "nliiht air" is especially injurious. The fact Is that there are two kuuls of nitrht air?one is pure, the other is the putrid, offensive air which is enclosed in a tight room and kept there to be breathed over and over airain dur- , ing the entire night. The wise man will, therefore, seek to have the air in his sleeping { room as pure as the "ni^ht air" which sur-j. rounds his habitation. TWIIOID KEVIClt IS A FILTH DISK ASK. That we may not tali victims to "the pesti-l lence that walketh in darkness," nor be sac-, ..in 1 ... ?!,., iuaclr.ll, o t I IIUIH-U III UIC UFSVIUtUUll WI 11? <<<VOI<V<.I <.v ; . noonday," we should nol only practice t lio.se i! well known laws which contribute to person al health, hut we should also guard our prern- !; ises against the approach of those dangers which may attack u> in more secret and j more insidious ways. We are eri ven eyes that j j we may see, we are given t lie senses of taste and smell, that, we may guard our systems h from evil, hut in order that we may be fur-! titer guarded from those evils which we can neither sec. nor taste, nor smell, we ure given j that other and more comprehensive faculty,' the power of reasoning from cause to etlect. j The very air which we breathe may contain the genus of disease and suffering. While1 death may pome to us in the brightness p of the noonday sun, or may enter our habita- v tions in the darkness of the night and fasten t itself upon our systems while we sleep, yet it b very often attacks the very citadel of life In our yielding to the demands of nature. It 1 Is often taken into the stomach, by the sparkling water, which to th? senses, gives no sign of a deadly presence. Under the demands of nat ure, we take into our systems | f the seeds of deat h which are completely hid- * den in the refreshing draught. J1 Typhoid fever is often the result of impure J water. It is a filth disease, which is as 1 much to be dreaded perhaps as any other to F which the human family is heir. It- is pre- V Eminently a filth disease, which, by the " >bservaneeof sanitary laws, may be entire- h y eliminated from the list ol those ailments 51 that afilict mankind. n rilK WAY WE POISON OCR WATER, AND GET tl FEVER. h By the natural law of gravitation a well o Hill tJlHJIl H MlilMCr, IIUI1I \.?uuw ?V| v :ircumfcrence, is three times as great as its t.l lepth. For instance, a well which is twenty-1 h ;y-tlve feet deep will drain the surrounding a surface to a dlstimce of seventy-live feet in a jvery direction. Therefore, all those persons ii tvlio pollute the Rround surrounding their v veil, put poison where it will sooner or later ind its way to the source of their drinking .vater, after which, in all probability, we will n due course of time have another of those nysterious dispensations of divine Provilence, with the usual incident of doctor's Jills, and funeral expenses included. That branch of medicine wnich would teach is the observance of those laws that prevent lickness and death, is an unmixed good. It >rings in its wake none of those ills, which isually follow in the footsteps of the science x >t' giving medicine. It does not even Inflict he cost "ot money. It merely requires theapjlication of common sense to our every day Ul'airs. "1IE PUICELESS BOON "WHICH SCIENCE BESTOWS. Medicine in the hands of the skillful physi >ii?n Is a boon so tar above price as f.o place iis vorth beyond the possibility of the human ic nind to compute its value. The knowledge n >f a proper withholding of medicine is not ess important. 11' the best medicine be 11 idministered at au improper time, or in o mproper quantities, its effects are fraught vith issues involving a risk to human llie. A enow ledge of the laws of health has saved the ities of the present day from the pestilences g hat decimated the cities of the Old World a ? uuidred years ago. A knowledge ot vaccina* c> ion agaiust small pox has saved myriads of lie human family in all parts of the world, d iy observing rules of cleanliness, that dread tl liscase, yellow lever, which in former years d :arried oil* so many of our own people, has, in p igreat measure, been shorn of its terrors. A n lundred years ago all victims to venereal dis- fc> :ases were lost to the State, to the church, h md to society. lint to-day by an enlightened e iracticc of medicine the lives of vast num- < : >ersof these unfortunatesaresaved.and many \ if such men now live useful lives, even if y lie taint, of the feariul disease has not been fi ntirely removed from their blood. Scientific tl '( search lias discovered the cause of typhoid t ever, and the number of its victims iiave t >een grea'ly reduced by a system of pre- p rention. The cause of this disease is now fi o well known to be the product of un- s :lcanliness, that the time is not far distant Ka /Ifvn L<ir1apn/I OV'/in 11 > IIU11 lb will yv; UUliniuviv^vi v? v.. ? >W|<> ,, or the disease to make its appearance at the |] lomes of our people. n Great progress has been made also In the d reatinent of all fevers, and of almost every |< lisease. In fact by a research Into the laws of g lealth, and by a scientific knowledge of the irtof giving or withholding medicine the av- c rage lite of the human race has been greatly c engthened within the lust century. V "HE CURSE OF PATENT MEDICINES?THE EX- ,j AMPLE OF A VENAL RELIGIOUS PRESS. , ll But intermingled with all these advantages, ^ -with all these pleasing prospects for the e iu man family?there is danger. The progress t.| vhicli has oeen made in the science of medi- a sine lias inspired charlatans and quacks to t< nake war on our health and our purses, tl The diseases at which'uiedical science stands^ u ippalled, these unscrupulous cheats assume to o n aster, and propose to accomplish for afflicted p lumanity an entirecure of every ill. Poison- t; >us nostrums are put into pretty bottles with t) >eauti 1'ui labels. The best tilent and the p eadiest wit is employed to write them up iu t< i style so assuring that those more dead than a dive may yet hope to become athletes and to o ive for a thousand years. To complete the r iwindle their bottled death is placed for sale ii n the drug stores, and the columns of e i venal religious press set a shameful ex- g irnple to cheirsecular brethren in giving cur- v ency to the false representations of these d nedicines which claim toelfecta cure lor such 'i liseases as tits, cancer, consumption, Brlght's o lisease. They claim to perform, in every lj it >VUHU in; Kiyir u./o.wi *,? . nedicine has ever performed, and which no t espectable doctor has ever claimed the abll- n iv to perform. h The intelligent citizen may be safa from he delusive promises of patent medicines, s nit for the protection of the ignorant class f >f our citizens It would seein that, our Log- \ sluture should enact a law forbidding the niblicatlon of advertisements of these medi- 0 :ines, either in the newspapers or by their t )iuiures or show bills. Toe Legislature has t orbiddeo the publication of lottery adver- t isenients. and it is now time to protect us r rotn that, greater swindle?the patent poison. 1 ['he lottery takes our money. The patent C lied lei lie takes our money aud robs us of our t ,'ery lives. t Patent poisons come to us at every turn, t Phe religious newspaper whose standard of lonesty ami morals may be about as high as c hat of a medical almanac, is tilled with cer- e ideates of their etiieacy. Then again, we r lave a class of men who go from house to c louse with a Bible in one pocket and patent c loison in the other?with salvation for tbe 1 soul and damnation for the body. The seen- i ar newspapers give the widest circulation to i lie advertisements of these death-dealing i lostruins. Under thecircumstaiic<;s then, we r ,hink, people h ive a right to look to the Lug- 1 slature for protection. si \ VE SHOOLD TAKE VERY MTTLE MEDICINE? , THE GIIEAT DANOEK OF TAKIXO?IT i UNADVISEDLY. * Following the example of the best in- c brmed physicians, \vc should take very little t nedudue. On the part: of nature there is ev- i r present an etlbrt to rectify whatever is t tmiss In us, and if nature is left to do \ ler work, she will generally be equal to t ,he ta>k. Of one thing we may rest as- i aired, t hat no amount of medicine will take s ,he place of needed sleep, and he who denies i limsclf rest and sleep need not be surprised <! f he lind rest in a premature, ?rave. It is of 'J ?*ust importance to the preservation of health c hat. we have wholesome, well cooked, blood- c nuking food. Suflicient time should be ta- c ten to masticate what we eat. He who t .vashes his food down with drinks deprives i limself of much of the real pleasure of eat- i ng. while he who dilutes the gastric Juices of c he stomach induces indigestion and dyspep- i sin. I Let no man suppose that he can take any of t he "harmless" medicines with which our t < I..?..... 11in,. Ui>r. i .luupiu llil>C IICtWIKU nw MIH.VUV oil. 'eriiiii from the ucl. If the skilled physician i sends many a patient to the grave by the I .ise of calomel in its various forms, what l may he expected if those who are totally ig- i Kuant of medicine poison the stomach, i iisturb the secret ions, and irritate the howels c it a time when anything else than poison and < Irritation is needed? i All of those''good cough mixtures." under 1 whatever name, should be carefully avoided, t Everyone of them strike* a blow at the diges- ( live powers of the stomach. Digestion being i llie Hulhor of lite we interfere with itatour a peril. No wi<e man will take cough medi- i ^imjs, except in extreme cases. s The law makes it a penal offence to ( practice medicine without a license. Does i the loving parent violate that law in giving a I 'blue pill'" to his child, oven if it does not re- '< >ult fatally? < No living man should be subjected to a < treatment of cod liver oil or anything else 1 jf which it is a part. No medicinal prop- i [ rth-ij are claimed r<>r it. as an article or :liet. even tlie healthiest and best stomach could not long endure it. The man who talcs pills when he should fat turnips, need not expect to live out tlie measure of his days. The man who drinks poisonous draughts when he should out fruit or vegetables, need not oornulaln at whatever calamity may come lo him. The man who has undergone a course of treatment of nitrate of silver has already appeared at. the bar of his God. The man who ha< taken much digitallis lias had hi* heart stilled in death. Everv drop of medicine which those suffer ing from chronic diseases tike into the stoni- i iicli goes to destroy the digestive powers and 1 hence hurry t!ie victim to his grave. i It is a fearful thing to swallow medicine, and lie who does it unadvisedly takes his 1 life in his own hand. I Of one thins the writers on the divine law ure agreed : that it is wrong for man to end < Ills llle by a hullet in the liraln, but they nev- 1 er speak of that suicide which is committed > by poisonous water, by til t hy pig pens, by rotr < ting cotton seed piles, by uncleanly premises, I by lack of sleep and insufficient rest, from toil, < by unventiluted rooms, by lack of clothing, i by a thousand and one other means which j men adopt to end their days. The man who 1 pollutes his well an J dies from drluking its lolsonous water Is no less a suicide than he cho drowns himself In the surging waters of lie sea. If the one is sinJul, the other is not tameless. r IS OUR RELIGIOUS DUTY TO PRESERVE OUR LIFE. If man is sent on earth to serve his maker's itirpose for a period or sixty or seventy or Iglity years, and he refuse to enter the work 11 the morning of life, or if he quit it in the ieat of the day, what excuse shall he render o the keeper of the grent book when he apiearH at the bar of justice ? In youth he may >load ignorance. In early manhood there , ,iay be extenuating circumstances, but when , e has arrived at that ace when every man Is fool or a physician, what answer shall he jsike? , It Should De a religious principle uj unserve , ho laws of health. No man has a right to liirlc the duties which have been nssigned to im, or which he may have assumed. Many . f the ten commandments which were dellvred on Mt. Sinai and the directions given , tie Jews about food and otlier observances , ave more or less reference to the necessity of ti obedtence to the laws of health. To study nd obey these laws is therefore not an unnportant duty in our service. It has diIne sanction. THE DISCUSSION. SCLUDING A BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF WHAT EACH MEMBER HAD TO SAY. 'he Art of Preventing Disease?ratal Results of Sanitary Laws?Patent Ztledicines and the Press?The Destruction of Our Forests is Fraught with Evil?Their Existence is Ben> ?ftcial to Health and Climate. According to the rules of the Club, the Preslect called ou each member lor anything be light have to say, commencing with the first 1 emoer on his left, and continuing in regular rder until each person present had been of?red an opportunity to speak. Dr. F. F. Gary said: I have listened with reat pleasure and profit to the admirable esay 011 Hygiene just rend by Mr. Wilson, and uneur in his many suggestions. Hygiene Is the art of prevention asapplied to iseasp, and consists In a literal obedience to ;e laws of nature governing the growth and evelopment of man and other animals, rom this definition we conclude that no tore important subject could be discussed, ccause its consideration involves our life, ealth and happiness. Statisticians estimate ach man as worth sixteen hundred dollars In ush, and each woman and child over twelve ears of age at one thousand dollars. Now, if *c consider how few children survive over ve years, and how few comparatively reach lie allotted period of three score years and en, we are able to form some conception of he loss to the wealth ot the country in unroductive labor from sickness and the deaths rom nreventible diseases, and to pay that re pect to the value of hygiene which is Its flue. When a death occurs In our midst the Idea lever enters the mind of the afllicted that ti nil probability the death was the result of egleet of the plainest, sanitary laws. The eiith is usually attributed to the will of ProvJencel nndonr usual routine of business oeson eh if nothing unusual had happened. If however, money or property is lost, evrybody is stirred up, and the greatest prenutions are taken against its repetition. 7hy not use the same wisdom to prevent leknessand deaths from preventible disease? 'he answer is that sanitary precautions in[ riere with our liberty or our business. Tiiis was exactly the case with the city of lemphls. In 1873 that city was visited by an pldt-mic of cholera: including itslossof life: lie destruction of business; the stagnation of 11 its trade, its shipping nnd railroad travel, :wether with the thousands of other necessiles incident to tho existence of a fatal emplemic, and we have the enormous sum of ver twenty tnilli*?nsof dollars as the money enalty of tiiat city from tlie neglect of sanitiry laws. No so ?ner had the fell detoyer ikcn ills leave of them, in 1873, than the peole forgot the duty of the hour, and neglected rj remove the cauise, and remained supine to 11 measures tending to prevent a repetion f these direful disasters. For five years they csted in conscious security, making phenom1 ?M/..WK/1.0 in 1th lt? ulnnnfi! tn?rA n n. 11,11 piw6n; i.i v.-v.... loan, its alleys and hack yards recking with arbagcand 111th of all kinds, when in JS78 it ras again visited by an epidemic of the most ireful that has occurred in modern times, 'here were over on e hundred thousand cases f sickness in and r.ronnd the city. This last EfRson was heeded. Over a million of dollars /as spent in sanitary precautions; since hat time there ha* been no further outbreaks f disease, and now .Memphis is regarded as a lealthy city. Last year the town of "Wilksbarre, in Pennylvania, had eight hundred cases of typhoid uver, with many deaths. Investigation reeaied the fact that the water supply was loisened by terms, the product of au imprulent emptying of the excreta of a typhoid naicut in a mountain stream which emptied inothe river upon the banks of which the own ot Wilksbarre Is situated. What an ap>arent small cause for so nuieh sickness. I night cite the case ol'Toulyn in France, or ,'anada, thepast.year, but enough is presented o warn and teach us that insanitary condiions should always be corrected, if we wish o enjoy Immunity from sic kness, Now, to enable us to apply in time the propr remedy, sanitary science must be taught verywhere. Let us not depend alone upon the nedieal profession to worship at the utirine >f Hygiene. Let all assist in the education >f physiology ami hygiene, so mat tney uiuy nake intelligent rules and regulations based ipon the experience of wise and human santarii.ns lor the promotion of the public lealth. The doctrines of divinity nnd decents of luware so thoroughly taught that gnorance upon these subjects is not received is an excuse. In regard to sanitary matters i'e daily i-ee an exposition of the general,iglorance in the habits, vices and surroundngs of the people. The Press could be of esential service. It is notorious, however, hat the columns of many, and I regret to see sven in the religious papers, whole columns illed witli the advertisements of patent medcines and quack nostrums under the pre1 ense of disinterested medieal advice, that ve are free to say they have done more harm han good. It is generally some such headng as this: '-A retired clergyman whose ands of life are nearly run out, accidentally liscovered a sure cure for consumption," &c., to., or the great "Indian Discovery," Ac* ["he hook is so attractively baited that gudgsons are sure to bite, and the manufacturers >f all such medicines are soon able to retire >n lortuncs made out of the gullibility of he public. In view of the above facts it Jh| lovcl and refreshing to listen to a live editor ipon hygiene, and to feel and know he has lone his great subject justice. One of the nost important offices of the State Board of leal ill is to disseminate informatioh among he people. This has been liberally done to tie extent of our limited means by the publication of the annual report, and by tracts ipon various subjects, such as dipthena, seuret fever, small pox, cholera, Ac. There arc hirty-four States that have hoards ol Health, md annually their publications are disi.nl>ited. It is impossible that works of the :Iiaracter puotisncu, snoum not nnve pru- j luct'ti good worn, which will be demonstrated ii a lew years,uiul which will be appreciated >y the people. The discovery h is been made hrough the labors ol Koch and Pasteur that lisea.-es are the product of genus, especially s I ins the case with typhoid lever, yellow I'e,*er, diptheria, scarlet fever, small pox, ueasles, whooping cough, cholera, de., md these are the diseases that usually . onstitute the epidemics that uflliet, this air laud. These germs cannot live and >ear fruit in an inhospitable soil. The igency of insanitary conditions are tinder jttr control. A single case of small pox >r any ot the above diseases Introduced! nto a community and lell to itself will iiultiply indetinitely among the unprotected. Jut vaccinate, isolate, disinfect, and we may stranule the whole of them. This will ipply to two-thiids of the diseases that, alllict he human race, and can bo prevented by a iiuely application of sanitary regulations. I'lie question lias been asked, may not yellow 'ever be indigiuous and therefore not necessary to be quarantined against. To the inquiry I answer that certain diseases have their inhibits, such as cholera In the Jungles of Inlia, and yellow lever in the soutm rn tropical visions. In the space of one hundred years Ae iiitve had about sevenly-live visitations of t'cllow fever. The proof is conclusive me epidemics were due to imported contagion, [n no case is there satisfactory evidence that ,he disease originated among us, and il we ,vill use and adopt measures lo prevent their mportation we will he free from them. While 1 have the floor I will say a few ivords in reference to the destruction of our forests. Wi! of t he South nave a tine climate, jut have been indifferent to our best Interests in allowing our forests to be cut town. It s a well known fact that such wanton destruction will sooner or later be felt by an increase of drousths, change of climate, and in the nu inber of storms, and in the supply of ?ur watercourses. Let us, before it Is too late, repair the injury already done, and make our country, and our villages and towns the homes of a happy and cohtenLed people. In regard to malaria fore its act a.* barriers against its diffusion, as well as furnish ozone l which is t,he greatest destroyer of germs of ] disease known to science. Tne genial climate and healthfulness of Aiken is believed to be largely due lo the pine forests that surround the town. It lakes three factors to produce what we call malaria?heat, moisture and vegetable matter in a state ol decompositiontake any factor away and the malaria ceases. Now trees through their roots absorb moisture from the sol 1, while the foliage by its exhalations regulates the heat by preventing radiation. Different species of the eucalyptus and sun flower have been found valuable disinfectants in malarial regions. It. is a wonderful provision of nature that trees absorb carbonic acid gas, which is n deadly poison produced In the act of breathing, and convert it into oxygen gas, which is so necessary to OUT existence. us uii'ii jncaci ve uui n/iests as necessary to good health. Experience has aIso demonstrated that a proper system ol drainage and cultivation of the soil will de- 1 stroy malaria. ! In conclusion, I will state that In spite of i every drawback Hygiene has lengthened the average of humail life, direful epidemics have been moderated, contagion has been coerced within limits, and many other morbific influences have been grappled with and subdued, if not exterminated, and if the wise advice which has been ^iven In the essay is acted upon and carried out, we will see grander and more Important results than have yet been realized. Operation of Natural Laws Does >*ot Override the Doctrine of a Special Providence ? Every Man Should Know Himself?The Importance of the Family Physician. Mr. \V. A. Lee said : That whilst he agreed with the esuayk.ton the subject of hot bread, his own experience did not accord with his suggestion as to sleeping on a "full stomach.'' With him it invariably produced not "slumbers light and pleasant dreams," but indigestion and night mare. As to the suggestion that so many ce:itlis were improperly saddled upon Providence, when they were the result of the violation- of natural laws, he remarked that the operation of natural causes according to fixed laws might be canceled, without discarding the doctrine of a special Providence, who had so adjusted the laws of the material universe us to produce moral results. ' No sparrow falletlr to tne ground witnout ms knowledge" yet as rlie result of natural laws. He thought that there was a world of wisdom in the adage "at forty a fool or a physician"? not that a man was qualified then to give physic to himself or others, but that he knew his own constitution better than anyone else ?whatagreed and what disagreed, whether in the matter of food or physic, and could net up to the maxim, "what is one man's meat is another man's poison." Hence tne necessity of the family physician. He thought that perhaps in no department of knowledge, had the Bacconlan philosophy produced greater results than in medicine; in the prevention and the cure of disease; in prolonging life, and making it more tolerable. Still as in meterology, there whs perhaps an ultima thul?, beyond which the torch of science could throw no light to Irradiate the gloom. Book learning was no substitute for experience In any department of life?theory must be coupled with practice. Wiy? Because general laws are the result of un imperfect, analysis, and you cannot produce organization and life by reversing the analytic process. Hence in any art and science, they must be brought to the test of individual experience. Capt. L. W. White then made some humorous and pleasant remarks. An Important Subject?The Dnty ofj Teachers - The Colonel's Opinion or the Essay. Col. Eugene B. Gary said that the subject se | Jected by the essayist was one of vital importance to us all. A due reeard to hygienic laws increased our canac'ty for the enjoyment of lire by giving us health. "When one of the ancient philosophers was asked. What was the greatest blessing that could befall man. he said mm* .tana, in sano corpore,?a sound mind In a sound body. Nature has certain laws which we can not violate without detriment to our health, and the object of hyulpne Is to clve us knowledge of those laws and thus prevent dlsea=e. There is nothing truer , than the trite saying. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Col Gary then quoted from Herbert .Spencer on education and showed that It was not on'y the province hut the duty of teachers to instruct their pupils In these laws, as well as In the branches of learning usually taught In the schools. In conclusion. Col. Gary said that he thought the essay was an exceedingly able paper. And that the only objection he had to It, was that It was not longer. Mistakes in Eating?The Evil of Remaining; In Doors ?The Kind of Women who IHnke Homes llappy. Col. Orvllie T. i;ainoun sain: xne es*?.vioi has failed t,o speak of that which I regard as very assential to good health. Nothing is so conductive to good health as olenty of outdoor exercise. If we take enough out-door exercise, sind eat the proper kind of food at the proper time, we are apt to enjoy good health, without which none can expect much happiness, and success in life. Bad digestion will cloud the brain, sour the temper, make home unhappy, and bring us to an early grave. One bad habit the American people are falling into is late dinners. In this we are trying to ape our English brethren. Now late dinners may do very well for a certain class in England whose only business is to kill time, but for us who must work for our living it will not do. Those people turn nigbt into day. They dine at seven P. M., and go to bed at two or three o'clock the next morning, and rise at about one P. M. So you see they have a plenty of time to digest their dinner before going to bed, hut not so with us. We must rise early in order to attend to our business, and therefore must retire early,(and if we eat late dinners, before our dinners are digested,) and this in the end will lead to bad health. Any Doctor will tell yon that it is unhealthy to sturve too long. and when a per eon cats breakfast at. eight or nine A. M., ana dines at live or six P. M., he is starving too long, and, being very hungry, will e:it too much. Now these people whom weare trying to ape do not live as we do. They rise at one and parteke first of a light breakfast, later on a lunch, then dinner at seven and a light supper before retiring. .So you see there is no great length of time between meals, except dinner and supper, and dinner being a heavy meal takes more time to digest. Mr. President, while on this important subject I will say something of the condition of our women as regards to health. It is sad to relate, but nevertheless true, that in the I Southern States there are but few healthy women. And if onr doctors are asked why, I the answer will be not enough out-door exercise, tiulit lacing, the lack of warm clothing I in cold weather, and thin shoes. Of course * 1 ? ??? ?? thn more are omer ruiisuwr?, uut ai? mv principal ones. j Lock a strong man up for twelve months, j and you will Injure his health, and how can a | woman expect to enjoy good health, who confines herself to her house us our women do, with corsets laced so tight they can hardly breathe. At t lie home of such women the doctor is a frequeut visitor, and within there is none of that cheerfulness that makes home the charming place it. should be. England j can boast of the healthiest, women and the happiest homes in the world, and this proud | boast is owing to the tact that the Kmrlish nirls are trained up at school and at home to take a plenty of good out-door exercise, and when they marry the habit clings to them. They ride to the hounds, and In short dresses climb the Alps 011 mule back and on foot, and when at home think nothing of taking a five lor ten mile tramp. Let us immitate our cousins across the water in this, and not in late dinners, and wc too can soon boast of I healthy women and happy homes, and the | doctor's buggy will disappear from our front I gate. The Importance of Careful Police? The Human Heart Craves Life an?l | Health. Judge McGowan gave an interesting talk on the subject under discussion, and spoke at. some length. lit thouuhi extensive. energetic, and thorough policing of ali lots in towns. I SllOUlU oe Il'arnrHSiy enmiti T'l ?. mtvv. in money. It is of ill'.- utmost, importance that all streams of water he cleared of improper obstructions before the heats of summer are lipnn us. It is not. less important that all marshy places should be ditched. Alter this is done, our health is assured if we do our duty in keeping our own lots clear of tilth, and be certain to keep the water in the spring or well free from poison. He agreed with much the essayist had said about patent medicines, but lie thought there were exceptions, where patent medicines were reasonably good. As proof of this he cited the names of some medicines, which this scribe does not find recommended by the religions press. He said the cravings for he ilth and life was natural to the human family, however much I they might disregard the laws of health. Pre suming too much on their own vitality great I masses of the human family made wrecks 01 i their constitutions and as a consequence, become sufferers for tlie remainder of their I lives. As hope springs eternal in the human ieart they readily yield to the seductive promises of the patent medicine advertisement. and would readily exchange all their worldly poods to regain the priceless treasure which they hail so thoughtless or so neediessy thrown away?their health. He thought the victims to the patent poison deserved our 1 sympathy as well as onr pity, nnd he lamented the fad tluit so many of them were lured iway from the path of wisdom to the snares \ if the patent nostrum. The Judge thought ! he essay one of the most practical and interjstlng that has been read before the CIud. The Laws of Nature are the Laws of God -- We Must Eat, Drinfe, Sleep and Dress as Nature Demands?We c Must Live Virtuous and Sforal 1 Lives. c Colonel M. O. Tolman snid : That he dfd not 1 heur distinctly the whole of Mr. Wilson's es- 1 say; that he lost the thread in the beginning 'J and was not able to recover it. but from the I remarks of others In the discussion which fol- t lowed, h<? approved of much which was said, t The question of hygiene is one of very great 1 imnni'tunfp tmm pvfirv nnintof view. The I 1 preservation of health Is a first consideration. ( Without Health man is incapable of performing the duties of life. To preserve it we must < obev the laws of nature which are the laws of < God. The physical law, no more than the 1 moral law, can be violated with impunity. To ( over-load the stomach with rich indigestible ?' food ? 10 poison the blood with alcoholic 1 drinks is but to invite disease and the penalty I annexed to such violation must be paid soon- i er or later. These are but two of the fruitful i sources of ill health, disease and death. Men f make too free use of the brandy bottle Tor ! their good, but woman is not faultless in the i use of the camphor and paregoric botties. | "Throw physic to the dogs" not only the pat- i ent medicines, but much that is used by the regular physicians. Eat, drink, sleep and dress as nature demands; live virtuous and < moral lives and we have done all we can do. i The Standard of EdAcation Among; the Medical Profession Literary Attainments Xeceswiry to the Suecessful Practice of Medicine. W. O. Bradley, Esq., said: I have enjoyed the essay very mucti and also the remarks of the gentlemen who iiave proceeded me. I think the essay a strong and timely proper on an Important subject. I have seen a statement in the papers, to the effect that the medical profession in the United States ranks lower in point of scholarly attainments than in any other civlized nation on the globe, "1 *U Avnanl^Ari Af OlilriO onH T11 rlfPV W I til tuc OAV/CyLlVu Wl villus MMV. ? , This is said tobcastatiftacul fact,whether true or not, I don't know, bur, certainly it is one that should challenge the attention ofour lawmakers, and if it is found to be true, then there should be some legislation to remedy it. We have legislation prohibiting the publication and circulation of obscene or immoral literature, and I don't know but what the lives of its citizens areas worthy an object of consideration and protection to a State us their morals. My friend, Dr. Gary, snys, that there is legislation on the subject. I admit that there is a law requiring the physicians practicing in this State to hold a diploma from some medical college?or to stand an examination before a board of physicians?but I mean, not the medical so much as the literary attainments that should be required as an essential qualification of erery physician. The very prescriptions written in a language that is unfamiliar to some of the medical profusion, and as for their medical education, I contend that in order to attain the highest proficiency and skill in their profession it Is essential that the physician shouk* be a mau of liberal education. I have nothing further to say and pass the question to my friend Mr. Hodges. Nature's Laws?Hygiene of SchoolsSimple Rules to Health. Mr. George C. Ilodges said : Our good friend, [Col. Tolman) immediately on my right said that a kind providence had vouchsafed to him good health for many years. He atJ rvf life hnolth trt ll'IUUlt"U 11JJ3 |/IKZr*\TA ? ail'ili vr? IIM kvmivii w--r cnnforinily to nature's laws and to temperance. His words are words of admonition to us and might be put thus : Take the open air, The more you take the better: Follow nature's laws To the very letter. LPt the doctors go To the llay of Uiscay, Let. alone the gin, The brandy and the whiskey. Eat the simplest food Drink the pure, cold water, Then you will be well. Or at least you ouf/hler. But, Mr. President, I am sorry that I cannot discuss this interesting subject, particularly the hygiene of the schools. I am now suffering frorasorethroat, which, I believe originated, while I was ateacher.in a plain violation of the hygienic principles relating to that delicate or^an. I heartily commend much that the essayist has said. I do liot endorse some things. Recreation and Relaxation an Important Factor -- Sometimes the Very Source of Material Life is tlie Cause of Death. M.. Ir.> co(H lir> linH nnlv ?t rpm/irk Of two to make. One whs. thai recreation and relaxation from work was a very important factor iu the preservation and promotion of health. It was a matter too much disregarded in this country. Statistics show that, many of the brightest and most useful lives are cut off by reason of continuous over work. The nerves of the body are over strained; the mind gives away. If it is a duty to work, It is also a duty to uive mind arid body a rest. The other remark was this : That though a I person might observe all the laws of health, yet there were slill forces unseen, and, in a sense mj'sterious, against which he could not guard. This was true of almost all zymotic diseases. If he was not mistaken, he had seen it stated that analysis showed no difference between the air of a foul drain and that which came from the mountain top. If this was so the ordinary man could not protect himself from Inhaling the germs of disease undiscoverable in the very atmosphere he breathed that he might live. The very source of material life was the cause of death. Mistakes in Frnit Growing. I committed grievous blunders in many ways in beginning fruit culture. It is a matter of regret that fruit growers do not more often mention their blunders as well as their successes From the ordinary tenor of the current literature of the day, the young fruit grower may be led to suppose that fruitgrowers generally have no reverses and make no blunders. 1 am satisfied that this is wrong, and believe that my experience has been that ot the majority. My nrst iiiisuikc was m mixing small fruits of all kinds, and peaches and dwarf pears between rows of trees in an apple orchard. We planted .'iOO Baldwin apple tree.., and among those planted raspberries, blackberries, strawberru's, dwarf pears, peaches and grapes. Everything went well the first, year or two. but gradually the red raspberries and blackberries forced their way into the apple tree rows. The apple orchard I could only be cultivated one way, thus along ! the rows was a plot of grass occupied by straggling raspberry bushes, in which the mice made nesis and destroyed a number of valuable trees. We found that peach trees, plum and dwarf pears require higher culture Mian I apples. The larger irees absorbed fertility I from the soil, and the peach trees especially absorbed t lie moisture ton remarkable extent, so that plants growing in the vicinity were prevented from producing the best grade of I fruit. There are numerous reasons which I j have not mentioned here that have taught I me that it is not best to thus mingle the planting of small fruits and vines of the different ! kinds with large fruits in one orchard. It is j fiir better to plant a certain plot to peaches entirely, another to plums, another to raspberI ries, strawberries, blackberries, etc., all plots i being as nearly square as possible. One rea! son for this Is that plums do not require the I same soil a* peaches, and require more of 1111 elevation than apples, and each species requires particular treatment and culture that cannot be so well given if all are growing to1 gether. Another mistake was in planting too closely together. It is best to give ample space between the rows of all kinds of fruit, both large and small. At planting time it seems a great waste of ground to give much space, as ! it is difficult to make allowance for the future development of trees and plants. Another mistake was in plowing too deep between the " " " i i 1 i i rows oi llli'milan ijuii">. i ipiicniimi:nii.iii.? (something about mot growth, and thiit t lie | soil occupied by trees and plants is almost ' wholly monopolized by such root growth,and j that, there Is serious loss iu disturbing these j numerous fibrous roots, which one may de!stroy without bring aware of it. Another I mistake, which is made by beginners nioreofi ten than any other, was in planting before , the ground was subdued. Most farms are occupied by weeds and grasses that need to be i thoroughly suppressed before planting. The ! necessity for this subduing seldom occurs j with force to the novice. I also made a mistake in planting at a time when the ground : was too wet, following the old teaching that I immediately after a rain is about the omy j sate time t<?transplant. In n>y enthusiasm I I often pinnted during heavy rain, fully exposed. But such phintimr did not thrive to my satisfaction, ns the earth was hardened hy tramping upon it and pressing in the plants, and (lid not rapidly recover from such livatmen t. MPOBJI SOGGESIHl Jj fOMINAL PAY FOR USELESS OITICEE8. kjme Plain Statements About the Public School System In South Carolina. !' .. Seneca Free Press. . . * \ Qt this airtonp first class teachers, tfrer^ fn- v J[ me opinion. "It is the curse or the country." ' ' ' t ,Ve beileve that we never consulted a gen-''' i?e; educated, practical teacher who expres*-> ;d himself otherwise. This system disorgan1^ ' ' . % zetftii^ good schools that the people would inve If free schools had never been beard of, ^ L'his mli-erable product Qf carpet bag rule In r >oosted and keep'alive by politicians and in- \ ' % .erpsted nortlsantf, They say it is a creature >f the constitution, and cannot Ije sfct aside. .3 >y the legislature, but the legislature knew' iow to get around the constitution whep if . -< ,."v :ame to exempting factories from taxation. .,<5 We have no desire to transgress the bounds ' >f the constitution, If any of Us clauses afef ^ iefective let such clauses he changed. But ' v :he legislature does have the power to raise M jr lower tlie salaries of school commissioner# ind the superintendent or edvfcallcm. I have ~"Sj ix-en a practical teacher front tlie tf&ie. our " . , ^ uogus school system was put in operation.-.. . ibout 15 years ago, nnd experience ha$'taughfc me to persistently oppose it. I novel- knew tw . 4 school commissioner to do any good tot tbe>'^ <choo! In which I was engaged. I alwiiya'br-v s * ?anlzed my own schools, or the patrons or- ' janized them for me, ana I suppose this 1#. the experience of every tencher who U worthy of being called a teacher. , ,'* ?$! Now here Is what we propose, without any. evasion of the constitution : Reduce the sal nry of school commissioners to 8100 ana give tfim the office to some partical teacher. He can meet with his fellow teachers on?*ea month or . oftener if necessary, examine their reports, [ talk with them about their work, and givw ? them encouragement to adopt the most progressive and practical plars. By some strange anomaly the practical ' tfachei*is prohibited lrom holding this office/ Wc suppose it was done because all school teachers were taken for thieves, by our law makers, or because they belong to the class off laboring men, ergo, the offices must be held by 'M somebody else. The master mechanic i* placed over mechanics and machinery, tbtf ' ?S best lawyer is made judge of the court, thff . finest preacher is made Bishcp in the church/ j vj'g the best talent in any department is always placed at the head, until you come to tbu free '6 .f school system, then the chief office must be given to so.ne other profession. .' The first requirement should be that he Is a "3j first class teacher. Tills tiling of visiting the 5 schools is all nonsense. The trustees have to -roS sign reports and pay certificates,'and the treasurer pays out the money, making the wM commissioner a dead-head, to be supported 'v$ by the public. The schools last, upon *t* -/Vm average, three months, yet the dead-head get? - 8000. while the working teacher, and gener&Jly the better scholar, gets, S75 for his three' , montlis'work. Cut down the salary to 8100, you will get the work of a better man in the* olllce and save cow 10 ueip euucaie your cu?~. dren. , .rvl^^Sfgf Again when we como to the State Superhi- -7 tendent we sec &,(W) pwld out and what Is it for? If any man In this assembly knows of ' nny good ever dune the State by that office, - ;n; he will please hold up his right hand. Col. Coward Is an excellent man,?too good a matt j to lose his time in Columbia. We do uo4 Vft! know whether he still teaches bis military o' school at Yorkville or not, but there Is whfr? he has rendered his county good service. Ho can hire some printer to get out his pampu- ' > let for less than SIUO. We do not blamr thevo men for holding such offices when the p?v ' --'xM eminent says: Sit there and hold that offlco ; and I will pay you so much money, but -M want the laws changed so that the pay for - ,i3 useless offices will be onl.v nominal, where . JA the office cannot abolished. ALL SORTS ABOUT NINETY-SIX. A Colt Li^ht of Weijfht and Ion{ of '/j Hair?Bijf Loads of Gnano - - - E caped Prisnncr?Barn Bnrnt?Tlie' V; Narrow Gauge?Contracts for Grail' ? ins?Other ItemH. Nixety-Siy, March 1, 1?8&> . * MaJ. Wiley Holloway, of Edyefleld, has a >5 mule colt eight months old thut only weighs fifty pound*, and is covered with hair four inches long. He also has a neighbor who ha^ a ; our-ieggeu cmcKcn. * Messrs. \V. L Durst and P. B. Matthews ..,VS were in town a few days ago. They are llve^v ' 4 business men and speak encouragingly oi the new mil road. Mr. Mac Hard has been in town for several days with a lot of good Tennessee mules. Ho . is selling them cheap. The farmers are taking advantage of the1 good weather and roads, and are hauling immense quantities of guano and other supple* Among the delegates to the railroad convene v tion at Greenville last week, we noticed a fnlt attendance of the officers ol the road and & many citizens from along the line. A mora earnest, united set of men never met for any .> purpose. James Brown, colored, while being carried ^ to jail last week, escaped from constable W. H. Purkerson. This thing of walking prisoners from Ninety-Six to Abbeville is a farce,and the County Commissioners ought to pro $$ viile a safer way. Mr. It. M. Anderson, of Columbia, was int ,'*j our lown last week in the interest of the Columbia Oil Mill and his fertilizer. Mr. Anderson Is also manager of the ColumbU* #$81 Warehouse Co., which has done a great boat-' '"Qj ne<s the past season. He is an energetic ffa*v ',3 business man. It is about time our people were thinking' - 1 T3..J- 1* 4 .?/\ ?/\ Uf If t I HUUUt our IlfAl r<Ui. ii null i-uu iv ?? .--- fjy'vm I by the board. Nothing has been of more beuI erit to our community than the Kalr of last I August. Ho now begin to think about it and get your stock in order. The delegates to the railroad meeting at Greenville have returned and report every- i thing working nicely. Two sections of tho 7 road were let out: the first from Ninety-Six ..5 to Cokesbury to W. E. Sullivan, the second- ? from Cokesbury to Watt's Shoals to Alexander Stuart. Work will begin by the 10th of - '-V March. Mr. L. M. Moore of this place wu? .'Jf elected Auditor of the road. Mr. Charles Spearman, formerly of l<auK rens county but recently living on Dr. Boz<yman's place,died last Wednesday, of pneuj monia. He was a young mun of sterlingquttfc-titles and had a bright prospect belo*v him. I He leaves a wife, vve Miss Janie Hole ma nr 1 and one child, who have the sympathy ol theentire community. Col. W. Scott Allen, Ex-Rppresentfltive, and .Mr. W. J. Ready,u Representative from Edgefield In the South Carolina Legislature, I were in town last week on railroad business. I Both are Directors of the Atlantic, Greenvillo ! &. Western Railroad Company. Mr. W. II Frazier, Dr. J W. Watts and ofh* . - 111- .... 1 ~ s.r el's, propo.-f! ID imvtr U puniiu MUC I'l lilfo stock some time soon?flrst or April perhaps. | This sale will bo an experiment, ana if suci cessful, the same gentleman with others will i have annitiil sales, tlie dates of which will Iq arranged lu-realtcr. ::'j* j Mr. Jacob Haltlwnngftr, living near this : place on the Kdgerield side, hud the misfor- ft j tune to lose his barn by liie on 'J4th ult. l''ouy I mules, one horse and two .yearlings werorI bin ned, aiso about 11 fly bushels of corn and i j all his long forage. Loss about ?1,000. No Insurance. -Ijvv i Mr. Geo. C. Probst has resigned his position : as secretary and treasurer of the Presbyterian I Sabbath School, and Master J. Manor Rico : has been ciected in his place. The Rev. Mr. Craig, of Enoree Presbytery, : preached a tine sermon In the Presbyterian J church at this place on last Sabbath. j Mr. J. 11. Rice, Jr.. a student of the University, came up on hist Saturday and spent Sunday with tils parents. lie relumed on Mowi day. I It is rumored tbat ono of our young clerksr j is going to get married this week. We can't ! vouch for the truth of it, but he has been to Augusta and that is a t'ood slun. I guess, however, by lhe time this reaches the reud; ers of your paper it will have transpired. >ir. i_. vt w aner, one <11 wie ciev?rr?t handsomest, drummers on the road, was In town a few d:iys hark. Cad. Is a spb/ndld I salesman and his employers are lucky In securing his services. A good sales, man lor iu good house means business. The trade of our town Is hrisk, and there Sm no room to complain. Yen can buy goods just the same as though the Narrow (tango ! was completed. We want to get. used to low prices. EAST END. Itrief Records. There is beauty in soundless shower of snow, : There is rhythm In rattle of the hail; Hut I love the merry spring, When the pretty blue birds sing, : And esirly ilowers begin to deck the vale, When the gloomy winter's gone And the mock bird on the lawn Is a-singing and a-wagging of his tail. "The winter winds are humming Their part in* song. The summer (lays are enmlng, They won't be luny." '' , . . &S