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-55c\i?JTa?: ? "*257*5M The Press and Banner. 15.V Iluyrli Wilson. Wednesday, Aug. 8, 1883. Lot lTs To^ct'.'cr in Unity, Wo claim i??? oxfin?>ti??n lro:ri tho faults of which wo spvak, and we hope that we may not mortally offend anybody by askin*? if many of tho mouthers of the South Carolina pross are not too sensitive, and If they <io not in consequence, too often exhibit temper and a disrespect for theii adversary in the discussion of the most common plave matters? It cannot come from that disrespect which is begotten of an overweening vanity. It cannot lie TVOffi :?uv consciousness 01 any iimiiit a> to our own standing before either tho public or the brethren. It cannot bo from anv lack of a knowledge of those rules of politeness and civility which usually govern gentlemen in their intercourse with each other. Then, why so much ill-humor, which is neither stratifying to the public ti'if profitable to the irritable soul ? Why do we so often take olVense, where none was intended ? And why are we so can-less in our speech? With diK> deference to those who are so ready to use language in which few Senators indulge at Washington, may we not ?sk if the more influential newspapers oT this State are not, as a rule, respectful to their brethren? Then, if so, why not emulate their example ? While our good brother of the .Vcicbcr>\>/ Obs-rrcr has seen tit to criticise the State press association, we have wondered why he did not speak of this evil to which others than the members of the South Carolina press association are subject. It occurs to us that if the "editors of this State would read their copies of the <'<ntprcs.<ional Hrcortl, that many of those who are now disrespectful would instinctively imbibe tho Jtood manners which characterize the conduet of some of our Senators. While we are no hero worshipper, we believe, for courteous bearing, Senator Butler iu the Senate at Washington is worthy of all emulation. If he ever wantonly or wilfully said an impolite word to anybody, or strained a point 10 uiko oncucw niitnnono was intended, we have failed to see it copied into the Ilecortl. Can anybody tell why it is that we cannot discuss the tariff without making illhumored and unjust flings at each other? IT we are not wrongly informed that question hat attracted attention in this country for about a hundred years, and during all that time there was a division of sentiment among the wisest patriots of their day. Why is it that the public schools, and the many consequent questions, cannot be discussed without the exhibition of intolerance, ami the thrusting of bad manners into the faceof the reading public? Why is it that an rditor may not express his opinion as to factories, or any other public enterprise, without having another editor to feel called upon to put jn his mouth, to say that every satidhillcr Is every whit as good as the edit >r whose opinion Is not in accord with his own ? Can it be because the aforesaid editor knows that the assailed party has too much self-respect to answer him according to his folly ? Can it be that for this reason, lie feels sure mat tue assaueu editor will not reply by saving that the convicts who are at work on the canal are ?very whit as good as he is? Of courso nobody would make such a statement, except as in a matter of rejoinder, and then we admit that such rejoinder would not do much to elevate the standard of journalism. But what else is a man to do, who is assailed iu a low, vulgar way ? ? ?> ? The Road Question. Wo have published Senator Butler's letters in full. Let our people read them and form their own conclusions. Perhaps the letter of a correspondent to the JVe?c? and Courier may help sorm? of us to a conclusion as to tlie dollar business. Even if the proposed tax was constitutional, that item of itself alone would kill tho whole measure. What the people want is to be relieved from either road-working or taxation. Without knowing certainly the sentiment ot our people, we would venture the opinion that our citizens will see no groat relief fpom General Butler's propositions. We feel perfectly sure that our people as a whole do not want to be taxed themselves, however willing they . !..!.? f imirrlil uin .,1x1 whenever it is ascertained tli.it each member of the great mass of our people is to bear an equitable share of the burdens of road-working, tliere will be no great demand for a change. The old law furnishes the cheapest and best mode of either working the roads or dodginb that duty. In our own opinion any belief that any great or radical change is to take place in our public, highways is the imaginings of a chimerical mind. The roads will be muddy for a thousand years to come, and these everlasting hills Will never lower their crests at the bidding of the wayfarer. If the people want r;asonably good roads they can have them under the present system, and if they do not have them it is to be prosumed that public sentiment does not demand them. No law, however good, can bo enforced withoui the sympathy and co-operation of I he pnblic. Our people fyavo already suffered groat, ly from the instability <\rx our important Jaws. Changejs*ci?is to bit written on the face of everything, and the changes are so' ras.Vfli that it requires a good lawyer t< ~~ ~"^feep informed as to existing or dead statutes. To bo always tinkering at our laws has a most demoralizing influence upon our people, and the public good would seem to demand that our road law be lei alone. What Calhoun Said. In a speech, in the Senate, 4fi years ng *, John C. Calhoun rebuking the Abolitionist* said : "Emancipation, itscll would not satisfy these fanatics?that gained, thene.it .step would he to raise the negroes to a social and political equality with the whites." This was considered the raving of ? madman at the time o| utterance. It tva* really the prediction of a seer.?Chronicle. And the same Statesman, in 1833. in the Senate of the United States said ; "Tho real question at issue is : has this government a right to impose burdens 011 the capital and industry of one portion of tho country, not .vith a view to revenue, but to benefit another? Did I commit myself to that system of oppression * 5 which has for its object tlio enriching 01 one portion of tho country at the exponso of the other. * * * Undei the name of imports a power essentiaUj different from tho taxing power is exercised?partaking much more of the character of a penalty than a tax." Mr. Thomson's Address of Welcome. Wo have received n neatly printed copy of Mr. W. Waddy Thomson's address ol welcome to the press gang at Gaflney City. It is one of those chaste and elegant addresses which would please any reader, while its cordiality and warmheartedness was gratifying to every member of i ho press association. If wc could have had a copy of it in time, we should have published it with our account of our stay at the splendid town of Gaflney, with its enterprising men, its beautiful women, its olegant buildings, its most excellent business facilities, and its thousands of customers. Remove the Rafts from the Streams, Now that the water is low, the weathei is warm, and tho crops are about laid .by let our people remove tho obstruction.* from our creeks, as required by law Last March when the water was high, tin weather was cold, and our farmers were behind with their work, we urged the County Commissioners to postpone this work until August. Let tbe work be attended to now. Treasurer Pkbrin* has an important notice in another column., llis otlice will soon be open again for the collection _ tHxe?, and the money mu*t conic this Free Advertising. Wo received, a day or two since, a proposition from a certain advertising I Agency <>f Baltimore, to advertise the.'! Columbia. S. C., Female College, one! month, lor which we were* offered, in I i postage stamps, tho astonishing price of: ccnt.<Tho said advortisej moot, according t-> our regular rates. is' I wort!) Tirr When a Southern! I (' 1!" :*. has to resort to stub a plan, and I :ntVer sin-li a price a* this for advertising,1 | it would seem that it is either hard press- ] fcd. or has become exceedingly economical. If the Columbia Female College is really not able to pay any more than the | price offered, and will state tlie fact dijrectlv to us. we may, through sympathy for a strngirlimi institution, give the ad| vertisement a few insertions gratuitously. '?1,'ttirmi iri/tc Ilrrnt'l. ' j The IlrrftUl is exactly right in refusing j I such pieaeynnish custom. And if itsex' ample were followed and a?lhered to by ' the entire press of the S'ate, or even by a [ respectable majority, publishers of newspapers would iie-netit by it, and some of the sharpers who run advertising agencies i would reuse from troubling tiiem wan i offers of Hi is kind. If publishers, as aj , class, would just say to those cheap nd vr-rtisinir bureaus that they must pay f;iir prices for advertisements they would , soon eoine to it. Let then lix rates that sir** rcas'iiiiiMo?not too high or too low ? lust such rates as they rhurg* home advertisers ; and they will get about as much foreign advertisements as they pet i now. Hut it is no use for a few nowsp t- i | pers here and there to adopt a rule of this I , kind if the rest of them continue to take i these cheap advertisements, that in the j majority of eases are not worth the] 'trouble they occasion. The newspapers ] of tin* Stale should unit* on this matter for their mutual protection and benefit, j i The State Press Association iniirht do a greet deal in regulating matters of this : kind.? Xrirbrrrt/ Oh.trrrer. Alton- Aovkhtisino.?The J.aun'tiariHc Ffrrohl tells about a proposition it j lias received to publish the advertise-1 | meiit of a certain college in this State one month for seventy-five cents payable in I 'stamps. At its regular rates the price of the advertisement would be five dollars.! of course it refused the otrer, with the; utriiinvinni t h it if rlie institution was in a struggling condition the advertisement/ would he published free of charge. : Fverv cnunty paper in the State has its; regular rates for advertising, the only: trouble is that nine times out of ten ' nearly all of them will cut under their regular rates to get business. If they could he iudneed to make rates and then j stick to them the ehanees are that the advertising agents would give them some-j thing like a reasonable price for their' spare. If advertising is worth anything j at all it is worth paying for. Hut just so! long as the county papers accept any and j every kind of contract that is offered to j tliem they will ho looked upon as the 'legitimate piey of the speculator in ad-j vertisements.?Xt'tr.s and Courier. Our experience in this matter has taught us to stand up for our regular, prices for advertising. Of course we do not get many advertisements that are of- j feted, hut what we do take we get our j price for. Just two days ago we had an; offer to advertise three patent medicines, j Our prico was fi{?0. The advertiser, who' called on us in person, ottered .?7">. Wej ! declined tho offer. And so with numer-1 ous cases recently. If tho country press would only "stick" to their regular rates, the advertising agents would soon sue-j cnmb, and living prices would be paid.? i Kers.'mic From the above it will be seen that the j j Columbia Female Collego has emulated j ! Williamston Female College in the matter ) 1 of cheap advertising, and the Columbia! Fori)ale College has mot with tlio same! ' I luck with tho Lauren-trille Herald that the Williamston Female College had met) I the I'res-t mid Banner office. A few ex- j posures of this kind wilhu all probability i ' stop this reprehensible practice of attempt-1 ling to beat country editors out of a fair, 'price for small advertisements, but as a j J matter of course, neither the Herald nor the Pre .v.* ami Banner will ever receive! anything from such sources. Tho ex-; posure of tne Herald of the offer of .seventy-fire cents for a fire dollar adver- | tisemcnt of the Columbia Female College j will never be forgiven, and we never ex- ! poet to ho forgiven for ex nosing a sitnilor j i offer t > advertise the Williamston Female 'College. Ilut the exposure has had its I good effect. That advertisement now ap| pears in various newspapers, at what we j f suppose to bo fair prices. So the Herald i I and the 1're.s.t <tnd Banner have secured i I to their brethren advertisements which [ will never come to themselves. From this! . time on we expect to get a fair price for j all advertisements. Agents must pay as much any body else. <J> . I German Carp. ! Tho Greenville 111 speaking or Mr i Wood's carp ponds, which arc advertised elsewhere in th'so c ilumtfs, says : Mr. Parker ki ojis an eye upon ttie carp and ! I cultivate* a portion of the farm. Just lielow tlio house tltc visitor is sutpriseu to nnu two j magnificent ponds. separated by a dam, will It-\ on tin; opposite side of tlie lower pond arc j two small ones u?ed for spawning purposes. Tin* ponds present the appearance of the! links of a chain as they spread out before the : spectator. These pond*are al' derived from Ihebranch-1 es which foini Laurel Creek, and there is al-j i ways a gentle and almost perceptablo flow of j fre>ii water through tliem. Grass grows at I various points in die pond, and it lias been ! purposely left there, for the tlsii like it, and it j Is excellent fm* spawning. The surplus water i.? turned oil' before it reaches the ponds', runs j through a ditch cut alnvc the ponds and run- j ' ning parallel with tliem lo the end of the last ! one. Another pond is being dug alongside of ' the upper pond, and this surplus water will thus supply the new excavation with water.1 i Above the upper pond is a small pond. This contains large stock ttsh. and a number of j 'their progeny. The large pond below fur-l niches quarters f>r llsh ranging from two to thiee inches in length. The pond below this iisihe prettiest of all. It is surrounded on each side by heavy timbers composed of tall 'oaks and pines, which not only add to the i beauty of the scene, but casta grateful shade upon the mirror-like surface of the pond bellow. 'ibis pond is the harbor and sporting place of tiOr- carp from one to two months oi?. They vary In length from five to nine inches. Mr. \V. T. Wood is the manager jjf the ponds. lie feeds the fish fouror tlvplimes a j week with geef, vegetables and cwrfeker. Af ut advancing i" ilie eti.te 01 ii>wjiond it is on! ly necessary to clap oiio's h^nds anil almost immediately the surfaeej^fthe water Is disturbed with ripplesjtCM waves. Then the beautiful and voracious carpapjuar. 15roken eraelcrs are thrown to lliem and therein a j sma-king of lips and darting to and fio of the gree ly divers. which is far more entertaining ?.i.han 'Jie consumption of food by any olhcr ' j st&ject of natural history. I Mr. Wood will have no other carp but the | scale earp, and regards thrm as being highly i Mu erlor to the mirror carp. The number of . ll-li < including the junlorsi now in the ponds is about l:f',o n). Two >ears ago Mr Wood ob '' allied 200 carp from A. A. Wright (Jrlffln, fia , the-c llsli Iwini; only about two Inches long. Now these same tlsh measure from IS ' to Si Inches in length, and will average from i seven to nine pounds each. These are Mr. Wood's stock fish. They are Hie parents of ' all lb"* thousand*of smaller fish in the ponds. ,i Mr. Wood has been otl'ered twcnly-llvc dollars a pair for Ihe-e fish, but will not sell them, as ! he wishes to preserve lliem for breeding purposes. He sells his young fish at twenty dollars a hundred. The lower pon l running Into the woo ls Is i 2.?*i feet long and 100 feet broad. The upper povd Is aw long by 91 feet broad. | The ftsh nre porcine in ilielr habits and d's. positions, except that they require eleanlli uess, and thrive best in this condition, which ! is not a characteristic of the hog. To Insure 11 clean bottoms and pure water It Is necessary to draw otl' the poud each year and remove > the dead grass, weeds, ?&e.. which accumulate. The fish arc not fastidious, and eat anything Kivi.h ihi-iii Their rauld growth is due. In a 'degree. to their ravenous appetites. There arc no larger list) in Greenville county I than the chip of the hand' h?<c1 a piece of ( ;cracker will reveal in Sir. Wood's pond, and the rt^h eater's month waters when he looks upon the fat and shining forms darting uni mo ested through the water. In a year or ! j two, if no accident occur", there will he an : abundance of Greenville carp upon the mnr' j ket, for Mr. Wood will have thousands of fish I to sell. Others in the county use becoming I interested In the propagation of carp, and beII side the citizens who have already insde .'ponds, a number of farmers have them in : contemp!utinn. The carp give little trouble ! and require u very small amount of attention in comparison with other produce of the i farm. In fact Mr. Wood has. with commendable enterpitso and considerable financial outlay, Inaugurated and built up an industry , which not only yields handsome pecuniary , results but furnishes a continual source of pleasure. He possesses property which ean 1 not be burned, robbed or washed away as the ,; construction of the dam with ample Hoodi yates prevents the last mined calamity. The . fish can only be caught with traps or nets and I this is a slow process to the lncxpericnecd. * Visitors are at the p <nd ne irly every day and j on Su" day a crowd Is usually present, the ponds being a lavorito report of ladirs. Mr. i Wood has plenty of cause to be proud of I what lie has accomplished, and no one can ' express astonishment and delight who exam' ines his carp ponds. "I Object." r j 1/rfnrMctl I'l'fxbt/trrifin.] I Nothing i* easier than to raise objections. I It is easy to ask hard questions. Says liishop I iUitlcr, "it Is obvious hmv miieh advantage ! the nature of tills particular evidence gives to those persons who attack Christianity, esJ pedal I y in con verbal ion. For It Is easy to show, hi a short and lively manner, that such land such things are liable to objection, that this and another tiling is of little weight in I itself, tint Impossible to show, in like manj tier, the united force of tho whole argument I in one view.' I This is an advantage which has been artfully used by Infidels in every age. Embracing such a number and variety of subjects, cover'ingsuch a vast period of time, touching the j whole history of the race, the veriest tyro can suggest difllculties which would completely i non-plus even the well instructed Christian. | Not that th<? ditllculties. in most cases, are | really formidable, or that the Christian Is un': able to oiler a solution, but the answer would .1 Involve so many points of history, such a I reference to details as would require careful , Investigation. And even if the defense had (jthe answer Just at had. if the investigation had been previously made, yet its very sate. ment would appear to be so labored that the unthinking multitude would regard the objector. with his quick and ready challenge, as > the victor. The intidel and the preacher are not unfrc.juently brought thus lntocontncl, 5 aud the current talk is that the objector was j "too much for the preathep." Ills stale, thread-bare I3lble "contradictions" pass for original contributions to the llteratureof unbelief. In the country village and the rural neighborhood he is honored as a genius. The Bible, which has stood so many assaults from the "mighty and noble" of the past, must now go down before this modern Tom Paine. ( Many a youth has been harassed with doubts and, perhaps, has become a stout-hearted iniidel by such stupid and senseless laudation . of some (.'lib-tongued retailer of objections 1 that bave l een completely answered a thousand times VwivJrt ' .' v-. Our Public Highways. THE L.VW AM) ITS DEFECTS. 'What is Everybody's Hnsiiiess i? Nobody's IJumiicss"?A Sinking Illustration of Tins Old Adage?The Law Which Requires Iloitd Overseers to do a Certain Duty and Withholds the Power Necessary to Eu force the Trtlst? I .Voir* and Courier) E*>okkiki.i?. S. July 'JO.?By Section fio? of the iicrul St mini's of South Caroline the County Commissioners elect In puvsu | nice of Section l'i. Article IV of the Coiistitu tfoii shall li:ive jurisdiction over roads, high ways, ferries and bridges." Section 1,!K! provides "that each township in :h<> several counties of this Stale shaM constitute r highway <11-1 riot, mid it shall hr> the dmy of tlie Board <if Comity Commissions s of e:ieli county, annually, during llic early j portion of each year, to appoint some su!t:i> | h!e person superintendent of public liijihw ays for each highway district," Ac. S?e'io-i I .in |: "The ?np"riiitcm1'*nt of hljjh-1 wi;v (Iislrlels slinll divide the highways In his district inlosullaliiesecllonsordlstrictsof not less than tw? nor more than five miles, and lie I slfall appoint an overseer of roads for each oi j said sections or districts." "ll? shrli divide persons liable to road dntv Into convenient j squads or companies, and shall as*li;ii a squad ! or company to paeh overseer." Ac., <to. He shall require the overseer to call out. the handasslirned. <tc., .t-c. to work I lie roads, .to., whenever lie may deem it necessary, al'tcr twelve hours notice, and shall require "every road hand to brine with him for use alio*, axe. mattock, spade or other ton's for work-1 I tig on the road or bridge*." lie shall deter-1 mine the nuintier of ilays for each working and the tools to tie brought by each hand. Provided, "that not more than twelve daysi work are required of any onchand in a year," j ac Section 1,O^i?: "On any extraordinary noea-j Sl'ltl. WIIPM HIIV IIIKIIWIIV * Ill 11 III: i... ohstruc'ed by storm or otherwise so a? to require immediate labor to remove such obstruction. it s||:i|| be the duty ot the overseer In whose district such obstruction occurs to proce-d forthwith to have such obstruction removed, ami for this purpose s'lall summon to his aid a sufficient number of workmen to i open and repair such hiirhway. & . "And if any person should work nioredavs than Is | required by law he shall receive a dollar a day from iho (Vujuty Commissioners, tor such overplus of iMlior." Seetlou 1,'Mt: "All able-bodied male per-1 sous, between theaaPof 1<>and-?? years, shall! he liable annually to work on the public! iilsli ways and roads not lc?s than three nor more than twelve davs under the direction ot j the overseer of the district In which th?y may j reside." "The overseer shall make out a list | for I lie warner. and require hi 111 to (jive not lee \ what kind of a tool each person is to brine, and every employer Is required to irive a list j of the persons liable to rea l duty in his em-! ploym?'nt," Ac. In Charleston County the road nue is be! ween IS and l.">. and the require-! incut is not less than three nor more than six j days* work. | Section I.OOO; "Members of Slate and eoun?j tv hoards of exnmlners and school trustees, members of the board of assessors for the as-j sessment of re^il estate for taxation, leachers. students of schools and colleges and minis-1 ters of the fiospr-i; millerscnuaired In erlst or! merciiant mills that are kept open six days in each week : Kiinrds. keepers, employees and other officers of lunatic asylums and the warner for five days, shall be exempt from i road duty." Section 10!ll provides that-"any person havinz been noticed or warned." "'may commute j hy paying nnn tlollnr per tiny for each day s i work to the County Treasurer of the comity, to be applied to the district to which tlicy bclonir, to construction nnd repairs." Ac., <tc. And by Section 1,002 ''overseers have an- ] thorlt.v to cut down and make use ol anytlm-j ber. wood, earth or stone in or near the road, for the purpose of repairing the same. <tc.. ex-j ceptlng timber and shade trees reserved by j the owner," Ac. 1 These are the general outlines of tlie road ; law in this State, and may he said to be the i principal parts of the machinery for worlcinirl the roads. Now. let us see where and what | the power Is to put In motion and propel it. j and what the penalties are for faitinir or tirg- j lectins to apply the power and carrying out! the lnw. and what the duties each are re- j quired to perform. The "superintendent of highways" is appointed by the County Torn missioned, and, H'tlrtix vilenx, lie is required to dlseliaree the duties of superintendent "lor twelve months ! from the date of Ills appointment," unless re- j moved by the commissioners. He lias general supervision of highways In hi* district, tin- j der the dirvctinn of the commissioners, np- j points overseers, arranges the hands intoi "convenient squads," requires the overseers to call out tin hands, regulates the number of days for each working, divides his district Into suitable sections, and sliall once every three months report to the County Commissioners In writins the condition of the roads and bridges In hlsdlsti ict.' He performs this work without compensation. "And when the County Commissioners, or any of them, cive, orders to the superintendent of highway districts to have any work done in his district and he neglects to do the same, he shall be deemed cl ilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in atrial Justice's court, heshallhe tlned In a sum not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars." Section I .(HI: If the County Commissioners never "ulvci orders," then ii superintendent is never amenable. And the "overseers of district? for neglect-1 Ins to call out their hands and work the roads when 'required' by the superintendent of IlJlfll WH V UlMI'll'lS Mian I ur kMi.ij ... .? misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof In a sum not less than live nor more than twenty dollars,"?fbe<l. The overseer serves without compensation. and his tenure of office is not stated. 1 presume lie holds at the pleasure of the superintendent of highways, and if he should n<*ver be "required"' lie would never lie amenable. Section 1,"Ho Is as follows: "Any person liable to rond duty who shail have been duly warned t weire hours before the day fixed in iiis notice for such working, stating the hour and place of working. sh:??l be subject to the direction of the overseer in charge. If any person of legal age shall neglect to appear or shall refuse to work upon the highways ami roads i having no Justifiable excuse) according to the direction of the overseer, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before a trial Justice shall be fined in a sr. in not less than Jive dollars, nor more than ten dollars, or be itnprison?d in the county jail for a period of not less 'nan five nor more than twenty days. In Lexington and Klchlr.nd counties twenty-four hours' no'ice to be cl^en." i Section 1.UR8 provides, among other things, that'if the commissioners of any county neglect to have repaired any o' the highways and 1 bridges which by law are required to be kept in repair, they shall be deemed guilty of a i misdemeanor.and, tifon conviction thereof,' ! shall be lined in n sum not less than one hunj dred nor more than flvi hundred dollars, In [ the discretion of the Court " ; We have now seen hat the law is, and the I penalties for neglecting or falling to carry it jont. You may as well expect to move the I G'rrrtt F/iMrrn with a two-inch screw propeller as to put this law in effectual operation with I the powers lodged In the officials charged with jits execution. The extent of the p<i\ce;-s of ! the County Commissioners, soJV.V as I can ills covcr. is to "giveorders" toilie superintend| cut, and If lie fulls or r.eglects li? obey he j shall be "deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,'* Ac., &c. How docs'he obey the "orders 1" ISy simply "reijntvliiK" the "overseer to call out I the hnnds." ^c., &c. And the overseer, for i ncjrlecttvic "to call out. the hnnds" when "reI quire;!," shall be deemed guilty, Ac. I Now. let us suppose tlic commissioners to | be indicted under the foregoing statute, and a true bill found, and they apply that they cave "orders" to the superintendent In pursuance of law. how can they be punished? And i suppose you t^en Indict th* superintendent, and he proves that be "rconlred" the overseer "to call out the hands" In obedience to the I provisions of the statute, how can ho be punished ? And suppose you arraign the overseer before a trial Justice, and he shows that lie did I "call out" the hands as he was ' required'' by | the superintendent, and the "hands" came and broueljt a hoe, or axe. or mattock, or oth. er implement, and worked, how can he he puni-hed? The roads are still bad, almost impassable. j The presumption Is that every man who assumes a public office will discharge Its duties i with fidelity, and the presumption is generalj ly well-founded : but you can not. expect a public officer to enforce a law unless you give i him the neccsMiry power ami authority, and | the mere statement of the law in this case i discloses Its own incfflcacy. ! Who feels inclined to lodge a complaint up; on which an Indictment can lie found against i commissioners who have done their best to discharge their duties faithfully? A still more ungracious piece of business would It be : to arraign a superintendent or overseer, who j may be your neighbor and friend, serving 1 without pay and perhaps against h's will, for 'it appears lie mu<t serve If appointed, alj though he may be disqualified by want of exi porlence "or otherwise lor the place. The i.. ul?" ??? Ipllprs A I IH-IIIIII.lt;?> .. ! "hand" inny go upon the road. currying a hoe | broken at l>oth corners, a worthless .shovel or I axe or mattock, out a few bushes, dig a little ! earth, open n drain or two, all of which may | be wholly Ineffectual In Improving 'be road, and yet he has complied with the letter of the law. He may never travel the road once In twelve months, lie may not own a vehicle In which to travel, and a mule path would answer his purposes as well as a mecadenilzert (road; but how are you going lo reach him? lie has responded to the "warning" of the overseer, who was "required" by the superintendent, who was "oidered" by the commissioners, and ho has worked the road. Such division of responsibility in public administration will take the marrow out of any law. , There never was a truer maxim than the trite one. "What Is everybody's business Is nobody's business," and this road law is a sinking example of it. I have endeavored to state it lairly. I have staled It fairly because I ; have taKen It from the book, and have given all that appears to ine material to a full understanding of its scope. I wish it lo be understood that in criticising the law lam not rollecllng upon tlie men charged with Its execution. I have doubt they are generally as irnod men as the country alTbrds. I am dealing with principles, not .men, and in no spirit of mere fault-finding and captions criticism, for I have lived long enough to learn that nothing is easier than to find fault with and pick to pieces any system of laws created by num. and few things more difficult than to substitute something better. In this ruse, however, I trust I shall he able to suggest an improvement, but before entering upon that I will endeavor to show, approximately at least, what our public roads now cost the people of the SUte. M. C. Butlkb. , THE COST OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF ROADS IX SOUTH CAROLINA. Senator Duller Gives Some Interest* ing Facts About the Enormous | Cost of Supporting the ltoadn of i the State, nnd Points out Some of the causes from which the Fcopie Suffer, EnoKKiEi.n, July 23.?The population of South Carolina Is, In round numbers, about one million, or was by the census of 1><K0. in the ratio of live to one this would give us 2-K),Oi>0 voters. Now the question is, arc there as many persons liable to road duty as there are voters? The road age Is from 10 to 50. The voting age Is from 21 upwards. Will the class from 1U to 21 equal the class from 5a upward-? I shoul t answer In the affirmative, or very nearly so, and If so, the number of voters and road workers must be very near empt from road duly under tlie law. They will perhaps, number (me hundred in each county or-VO. We will pill the number of "exempts" nt 4,00:1. We must next deduct all persons ol the road aire, in cities and towns. These wo can set with reasonable accuracy from the census of 1X80. and amounted then to about 130.000, and I shall base my estimates on the status of that year. In the same ratio or flvo to one, this would give us 2>i,0<)0 voters in the eitlesand tnwns.and if myeomparlson is correct the same number of road workers with the-1,000 "exempts" we shall have.'10,000to deduct from the JWO.OOD, leaving 170,000 liable to road duly. Let us put it at 150,000. These 150,000 men arc required by the law to work on the public roads "not less tliau three nor more than twelve days" In each year. If they work the maximum number of days, .\nd their services should be valued at one dollar per day?and that Is the price fixed by | the law makers?wc shall have 150,ooo nnilti piled hy twelve, amounting to SI,"<00,0(10 for oncyear. Suppose they average six days nil- j mmtly, Iheeost would hcSflUO.OW. If n'dollar a i ilny Is too much, then the law Ik wrong. Ks-| 11 mate I tat fifty cents a day and for twelve days the value of the labor would be PJOO.OOU ! and for six days SljO.'XW. 15ut It may be sa Id, doubtless will be said, this is not a sound argument or fair calculation j ! as to the annual co^t of public roads; that the I | people do tbls work when they can. perhaps, j do notiiinu else, and is a contribution In kind I j I.) the ptihl'r service and. therefore, duo* not cost the amounts specified. I only adopt the [measure of value established by the peoplei themselves through tln-ir representatives. I Tin* labor Is worth Hint much, tin I in contemplation of law Is expended upon the hlgliways.and. if so ?*x)k*ii<Io?1. Is taken o;it of the productive power of theS atfi, nnil I", there| tore, lost to other channels. I have seen the time when ro;id hands summoned out. of the fields were worth a dollar a day to the crops ind I insist it Is a legitimate estimate in cal dilating tiiecostof maiutniningthe highways If not bestowed upon tin- roads this lahor I would or should tie utlll/.''d elsewhere so as to i?e worth a do'la r a day to the industries of the State. Que million ruth! hiiinlrrd lli'iitntiifl dollar* Is a large sum of money.and If collected annually and Judiciously 'expended 011 the oulilic highways would work a wonderful [change for the h-ttcr. i'.ul the collection of no | Mich sum or the half or the <|ii ?rt<*r of It. will iiocpssaiy, as I think I can demonstrate tnrther 011. I This, however. i< not the only item of cost, [section I,0.t7of trie (Jcneral Statutes provides that "Any person who shall receive hodilv injury or damage in his person or property through a defect in the repair of a highway, causeway or bridge, may reeovcr in an action astalnst the county I lie* amount of damages tlxed by the finding of a Jury. If such defect in any road, hridsre or causeway existed tiefore such injury occurred, such damages shall n?d he recovered hy the person injured, if his load exceeded the ordinary weight." The next section (I,'ihs) provides, that. "If | before the commencement of an action provlIded for in the foregoing section the county commissioners tender to tlie plaintiff the I amount which lie mlxht be entitled to recover, together with all costs, and tlie plaintiff I refuse to accept the same, and does not recovicr upon subsequent trial >t sum larger than the amount, tendered, the defendants shall recover co-ts and the ptnintitr be entitled to the results of no verdict." That is to say, II [ the county will pay for the repairs of every | vehicle broken or Injured Wy reason of a "tiej feet in a highway.causeway or bridge," or for j every personal Injury or damage sutlercd from the same cause, the party injured shall not be entitled to recover, otherwise he [will have that right. Suppose that, provlI shin should be put Into execution, (and what is to prevent It except the forbearance of the j public) What would be the annual cost to tlie) I people of this Slate? The fact that the public have rarely availed themselves of it Is no : proof that It will not in t lie future. j J t is s-ild corporations have 110 coals, and Juries appear to act upon that principle whenever tliev net- an opportunity. A county Is a corj por.itinn. It collects taxes for Its support from [ the citizens, and In return guarantees protection to person and property. The citizen Is entitled to his protection, and If he falls to ret. it the State iri ves lilm Ills remedy. A man commits an assault and hattery upon anoth| or; the party assaulted has his remedy in a civil action for damaec-t, and besides this the state redresses the wrong hy a criminal prosecution, One man commits a devttavif upon thepropnty of another by doing, or omitting | to do, .something required by law, nnd the party Injured recovers damages for the wrong. Why should not a county he liable for an act of omission or commission whereby one of Itscitlzenssuffers? TheLegislatureevldenlly I thought it should be, or H would never have enacted such a law as the foregoing. There Is still another matter of cost, In the form of an indirect tax. It. is true, but. nevertheless a tax and burden resulting from our wretchedly bad roads which might be mitigated and greatly reduced by good roads, viz: the wear and tear of vehicles In common use and the enorinouH expenditure of horsepower. It is next to Impossible to ascertain the number of vehicles of all kinds and descriptions used on the public highwavs In South enroll nn, nut i naveauopieo inc "c*i I can think of to approximate the number, nnd havesubmitted this question ton nutnberof practical men. Whntisthe proportion ot vehicles to population in South Carolina? Some have answered one to every hundred, someone to fifty and othcrsone to seventy-five I should have answered one to every hundred. but a majority think this too laruc and decide that one to fifty would be nearer the mark. However, I will adoptone to a hundred. Thin would give lis ten thousand vehicles. The average life of a vehicle carriage, ; husR.v, cart, wagon, Ac. is about five years in ; the present state of the roads. In loealltles where the roads are vera had they will nut last loimer than three years. Let us suppose | the average cost of the repairs on these vehicles In So each. Is that too much or too little? If correct, they co^t annually SV)0.0-'0. Now, Itissafe to assume that If the roads were made cood the averag life of a vehicle would he increased to ten years and the annual repairs not more than ?2.50. I think thin would be within bounds, if the former premise Is correct. Here alone would ho a wiving of $25,M in cash annually in the matter of repairs, besides an enormous nmotint. by reason of the Increased longevity of the vebie'es. This is n tax that comes out of the pockets of I the people every year that might Just as well [besaved l?y the exerclte of more practie.il wisdom and foresight in working our public roads, lam satisfied on further reflection and inquiry I have placed the number of vehicles far too low. There must be one hundred thousand vehicles in the State. It seems to me these are questions well worthy of earnest consideration. They are not vagaries indulged in for entertainment, hut propositions coming within the scope of every man's experience. It is not claimed that they are accurate, but they serve to Illustrate the point I make and to show that we pay heavllv for bad roads which could tie untneasurably Improved by the Judicious outlay of inucli less money. In an enterprising go-ahead county tim? is money. Time Is money where I lie people arc active, Industrious, vigilant, progressive. If time Is monev, what vast, sums are expended upon our public roads? Here is another tax?heavy tax. Time spent pulling and haulin?, "gening and hawing," swearing nnd complnining. Is very unprofltabiy spent. There arc many sections of twelve miles of road in Kdiretleld County, and no doubt In other counties, that cannot he traveled In | winter In less than three, sometimes four hours, whereas not more than an hour and a half ought to be required, and they can be made so that not more than an hour and a half would be required. Would it not lie better to repair the roads and save this time to lie used more profitably and nvoid the tor lure ol intnu iinu nnuy unu kiss oi vhsu ciier g/ and force? It would seem so. I might clteother (acts showing theextravagant costof our road system, but. they wotiM only l>e cuninlatl vc. If our roads cost the :one-half, or theone-fourth,or the one tenth i of the amounts above stated, they would tie the ntost expensivennl-'anees that any people over supported. Hut I have not ovcr stated It. I have not included the annual tax we pay for the building and repair of bridges, j whleh Is a tax upon property, and in the ag, ureirate for the whole State must, reach a large sum, ami wtilch I cannot Rive .-cause tnv ln<|iilrles on that point have not yet been answered. I have uoi deferred to the' Increased expense, to <vhlch every man Is subjected i in '.in- additional horse-power he must use to | transport his family and products over the : hills and gullies and through the mud and ! slush he encounters in Ihe public roads. Two i mub-s will haul four bales of colton over a I properly located, well-graded a ml well-worked . road as readily as four mules now get along ! with tne same load. Apply this proportion to the Internal commerce and transportni Hon of this Slate, carried on by hor?e-powcr, land some Idea may be formed of lis extent, j This Is a part of the cost the people pay towards maintaining their public highways, 1 and no Insignificant part. It might be save! t by good roads. M. C. Butlek. I I | PLAN FOR IMPROVING THE ROADS. The Amendment of the Present Lnw ' no as to Require nil Able-bodied Persons Liable to Rond Dnty to i l'ny a Tax of One Dollar nad the j Appointment by the County Commissioners of a Supervisor of | Coanty Konds, who shall give llond for the Fa^thfnl Performance of his Duties?How the Scheme would Work. I EnoKFiET,r>, July 21.?Having pointed out i what I concelvcd to be the defect. In tl.e road law of this State, and estimated as best I could with the data in my possession the ; aj prhxiinate cost of of maintenance, I shall : now submit propositions which I think will greaily strengthen and improve the law as it now stands. j I should first amend Section 1.0S4 of the | General Statutes by striking out "twelve" In . the urovlso of that sretlon, and Jnsertlng i "three;" so that it would read: "I'roviueo, i That not more than three days' work arc required of i-.ny one hand in a year." And In Station 1.0S9 I would strike out the woids ! "three" and "twelve" In the third line and Insert In lieu thereof the words "one" and I "three" respectively, so that this part of the section will rend "not less than 'one' not more I than 'three' days." ito., A-c. The cflect of ! these amendments would be to reduee the ' nilnlniuin aiuHniaximum of working days to i one and three respectively. With these j changes, and perhaps some others of minor i Importance. I should allow the prevent law to ] stand, and supplement It by one, two or more ' sections emhodying the following proposij lions: First. I should levy a tax of one dollar a head on every ablc-hodied inale person liable to road duty, to he levied and collected by the county treasurers; to he paid out on a war'rant of the county commissioners; to he dei nominated a 'road tax," and kept apart and ; dedicated exclusively to the construction, reI pair and maintenance of the highways In the j county where collected. Second. I should provide for the appoint! ment by the county commissioners, hy and | with the advice and consent of the Senator and Representatives of the county then in ofilce. or a majority ot them, of a competent 1 supervisor of county roads, whoso salary should he fixed by law at sa.\ fifty or seventy| live dollars per month, who shall enter intoa bond with approved sureties for the faithful i discharge of his duties and care of tiie public property committed to his custody. The j county commissioners should have power to I authorize the supervisor to organize and equip with tlie necessary outfit under the di! reetlon of said commissioners a force of able* j bodied laborers, twenty, fifty or one hundred, as the exigencies may require, whose wages should be fixed by the commissioners, and ! when fully organized and equipped with a full complement of improved implements, tents, wagons or carts, mules, Ac., to enter upon tlie construction, change and repair of the publlnroads, beginning at. the courthouse and putting In perfect repnlr the first t'-n miles of road leading thereto, and extending the work from month to month, oryearto year, until the main highways and thoroughfares are completed, and then less frequented ] parallel and cross roads, until every public road in the county has becu put In good condition. I This supervisor, with his force, should be j kept constantly at work on the highways and if, after once getting tiie roads in good condlI flnn If Hliontd be found as I have no doubt. It I would bo, tlint the hetul tax provided was In j excess of the requirements fur maintenance It could he from time to time reduced. The supervisor should he indictable and removable for any neglect of duty, beside* lloblo In a civil aclion on his official bond, for the loss, destruction or damage to any public property In his charge. There should be established In connection with this and all other taxes disbursed by the commissioners a prop?r system of accountability, by requiring Ihcm lo submit annually to the crand Jurj, on the first I Monday In March, an Itemized account of their receipts and disbursements, and publish the same In a county paper. Mesldes this, the solicitor of the circuit should be required to examine and Inspect this annual statement of account* and make a written report on the same to the presiding Judge at the next ensuing court after the publication in the county pauer, that such orders may be taken as the interest of the public may require. For ttie collection of this tax I should require the county commissioners to have prepared a duplicate list of persons liable to road duty In their respective counties, to tie revised from year to year In the month of June, one to bo furnished to-the county treasurer by which to collect the tax, one to be kept on file in the office of the county comlsHloncr. And when the county tteasurer reports to the commissioners a list' of delinquents they should h/iveauthorlty and should bo required by luw to arrest said delinquent and deliver him to the supervisor, to bo worked with Ills sqnnd In the same manner and under the mime regulations ashls lilreil laborers, for the hpace of three days, and lor failure to comply with these regulations while so engaged should be llahlo to Indirtinunt as tor a misdemeanor on the allldavlt of ' the supervisor or county commissioners, or citncr of them, and punished accord I ntrl.v. It seems to me that this woul I give tiie public officers power enough to enforce tlin provisions of such a law as I suggest, an-l the ponaltlcs are not litirsli <>r unreasonable. Of course there would lie round some contumacious persons upon whom they would appear to Iwar hard; hut iiD man who wants to do his duty to the puldlc would complain. If tills plan can be carried out as a supplement to existing law. how much money would It raise? If I am right In my estimate of the number of persons in the State liable to road duty, It wuild give $|.1A,(KKl annually or lii<-reiboiits, the Minis raised In each county to bo expended in that county. Let us take Ivlsielli-'ld as an example. We 'lave about!!,OKI voters ; say we have 7,!hKl road :i.inds. Assuming that the full lax of 31 a IH-ml should be eoilected, we would h"iv?S7.ftW annually. Of this sum. perhaps SJ.Ol) would tie expended the first year In an outfitand for wages, tin., leaving v.i.oflo to be laid out. on the roads. (Just here I should like to have the number of miles of public Highways in "" ' ? ?? I ni-ilff witne eal'Ml latino as to hoxv fur tills money w >ul-1 go in itsrelallon to tiie whole number of miles, but I regret to say tiie information is not at hand.) It is safe to say. however, that with an average expenditure of twenty dollars a mile tho I roads ean be put In first-rate order ; some sections costing perhaps fifty or seventy dollars,I I others not more than II vo or ten dollars per I mile, so that the S-l.tHH) would Improve 2VI i I miles of road. The second year, hnvln-r an outtit. there would b?> a larger fund available for the roads, and in five years'time every road in Minefield Comity would be in good condition, and after that easily kept up at n' slight cost. Perhaps in arranging the details of this' measure It would he necessary In the larger counties to provide for more than one supervisor. and other chillies might he found advisable to make it conform harmoniously | with tiie present law, but these are matters for; the legislators, who will he informed as in the : exigencies of their respective constituencies. | Superintendents of highway districts and' overseers could be required to co-operatej with the supervisor,?tc.. itc.; but, as I have j said, these are mailers of detail that. I shall not attempt to settle here, but may formulate j as an amendment to tiie Iload law, If the sag- { gestloo meets wllh favor. Two sections, I( should say, would tie ample to embrace every-j thing suggested in the foregoing when it has been put in proper form. ! It will, perhaps, be asked why I adopt the ; | form of personal or imn mx 7 r or wiv ra?uu,, among others, that It is uniform, the llr?t is-i seutial In the imposition of any tax. It is moderate and not oppressive. It neither dis| criminates In favor of or against any class or j fiersons. It Is easily collected, or If not colected, tlie penalties can be readily applied, j [It readies all classes ami eonillllons, and. I makes till alike contribute to a common pur-j I pose In which all are equally Interested. It j ! is fair, It Is jnst. It is reasonable; and after) [canvassing every plan that suggested Itself or' was suggested by others, I have hit upon tills; as the best and most Just. It would not be lair and Just to Impose this j tax on properly, in view of the circumstances, j Kurroundlnc us. Property already pavs the I expenses of Government, except tlie poll tax!| which Is dedicated to educational purposes, lit pays also a two-mill tax for educational j purposes of which others than Its owners get i the greater benefit. And It must not be forgotten that the tax Tor the construction, rej pair and maintenance of bridges and ferries j | Is now collected on property alone; so that! Ian equitable distribution of the burden ofj 'a road tax can be best, accomplished In the manner indlcpted by a personal or head tax. j It has occurred to me that a provision might be Incorporated In the suppllmental sections fimposed that criminals undergoing sentence n the county jails for petty crimes might be ; made to pay their board at least by being I madpto work on the highways under tlio dl' reetion of the supervisor. I do not know how far this may be practicable, or whether it will meet the approbation of the public. For myself, I cm see no objection to It. and It is worthy of consideration. The courts might be authorized to Impose a fine, and. In default of payment, so many days work on the public hi idi ways. It would bengrcatsavIntr of expense to the county, and wlure fines are paid they might be paid over to the county commissioners and become a part of the fund for worklnz the roads. If this scheme Is praoticablc and can be enrried out In all essential particulars, I should feel quite confident we should have a rapid and permanent Improvement in our roads, and an lnesea.se of about twenty-five per cent, in the value of real estate wherever good roads are made. In fact, I should have no doubt about it. Olheradvantngesaccrulnir are so uumerons that I shall not attempt to enumerate them In tills immediate connection. M. C. HUTLKR. j UUK lTUMt UUAIIS. A Very Serious Constitutional Objcc-! tion to Senator Hutler's Plan of) Improving the Roads by Levying a Capitation Tax. Rcmteu. August .1. 7'n the K'litnr nf Thr Xewx mid Courier : The people of tills state lire much Interested in Senator Butler's discussion of the"Itoad law.'' the more especially as they had hoped wlili hi* aid to find u practical solution of this vexed <|ticstlon. The two prominent difficulties In Hie way Beemeil to be: llrst. tiow to rals-'tlie necessary , means for the repair of the highways; and.I second, in what mode this fund should be dis-j burs?'d In order to do the most itnod. Senator Hut'er In hi< article in to day's iVci/'t mid (yiurirr proposes In meet the first; of these difficulties in the follow ins manner: i "I should levy a tax of one dollar a head on every ahlc-bodicil mule person liable to road i duty, to be levied and collected by the county tr usurer," Ac. This mode would lie simple enon^h, but can the General Assembly levy such a tax? In I section 2. Article IX. of the constitution it Is' provided: "TheGeneral Assembly may pro-| vide annually for a poll tax not to aeceeil one : dollar on each poll which shall be applied exclusively to the public school fund.'' In Section ft, Article X. it is provided: * *j "There shall be assessed on all taxable polls tntheStaiean annual tax of one dollar on each poll, the proceeds of which tax shall be| applied solely to (-durational purposes * " No olher poll or capttation tax shall be levled ill I lie Slate, nor shall the amount assessed on each poll exceed the limit given In this section. In view of these provisions of the Conslitu-; lion. Is senator miller n sciienie prnoucaiucv i It has been decided l?y the SupremeCourt of i this State (see State vs. Hayne, 4 South Carolina reports. 401,) that a tax may bp constitutionally Imposeil upon "occupations or pro-j fc-slons." an<i it may be that uinler tills pro-! vision the necessary means may lie raided for j repairing our highways; but Senator lUitler's, proposition "to levy n tax of one dollar a I bead" is hardly tenable,as the poll or__eajw> Itation tax eannot ltclmM'e)??vil*- ffnTT. asTnoj property tax InSouth Carolina Is high enousli ! already, iite "occupation"' tax w ill be tbeonly j Source of revenue. lkx. Journalistic Independent'?. f.lt/.ni Jtecordrr.] "Oh let me live my own ami die so too! To live and die, is all I have to do ?Rtttircx. I We commend the sensible ami manly ultor' anee of the (jrrcnvittr AVw* which we publish below to the attentive perusal of all our read! ers. It rings out on the heated summer ati niosphere like the musical tones of a silver ; bell proclaiming the dignity of Journalism, 'and scorning with unconcealed disgust, lite I cringing, fawning spirit which would crouch ! In the nshrs of humilatlon until his master i spcaketh. before venturing an opinion of liIn own. Oh ! how abject and pitiful Is the journalist, who is willing to fall prostrate In the mire of Ms own puMianimlty and receive his opinions and ideas !r m the placeman of the hour wltli tlie bland simplicity of an infant ; enjoying pap under the ministration of It# mother! | Such conduct Is the very esRoneo of ilckspltI tlclsin! We say away with such Journalism ! ! for it Is a disgrace to humanity ami to the el vi lll/.ation and enlightenment of the nineteenth century. I,et the independent Journnllst who I wishes to be useful to society and at the same time maintain the dfgnity of his exalted profession, consider well what he utters. but lot him always havo an opinion of Ills own, which he should bo ready to express, regard less of every hazard when the exigencies of I society demand It of him ns a duty. Time serving and a syehophantlc abnegation of the i hlsrh responsibilities of the Journalist, to merit the approval of the placeman and pick the | crumbs from under tils table, will always bring i j upon Itself the loatbesome condemnation of all thoughtful self-rcspoctini: men. In the | name of true Journalism and in the name of j our common manhoiid we thank cur Oreen' vilie contemporary for ills timely and manly j utterance In vindlctlon of the dignity and ! duties of the press. The followlhs is the artlI tide from the Grmtville Aw*: "We notice with pain and surprise the disposition of esteemed contemporaries in I congressman Oieo. D. Tillman's district todeI fer to Congressman Oe >. D. Tillman's opln! 4/vnti sif'ltmfr mvn f>no teemed cotenipornry goes so farasto hint thnt I W it thought one way and Congressman Till| man announced thnt he held a contrary oplnI ion, it would acri-pt that announcement as i proof that It was wrong. Other esteemed coI temporaries assume the altitude of waiting ; tti hear what Congressman Tillman has to cay and declaring beforehand unlimited confidence In his wisdom ami Integrity. "All of tills In very gratifying, doubtless, to Congressman Tillman, but It Is not IndeCendenl Journalism. The Congressman Is a Ig man, buthe does not weigh more than a ton, and there are forces In nature and contrivance# of art capable of lining him very i high. He has a powerful hrain, but his brain ; Is hardly larger than that of Thomas .leflTerI son who held views on (lie tarltr dlrcctlv opi po?ed to those of Mr. Randall endorsed by Mr. Tillman. "We believe in Mr. Tlllmam.and have wrltj ten niul printed many eulogies of him which i we will gladly reiterate. Nut wc cannot un; dcrstand how a newspaper, which Is supposed to be the exponent of clearand untrammelled I thought, should put Itself at the feet of Mr. j Tillman or any hotly else, and blindly declare I whatever he thinks and does It t ight and wise, j Will esteemed contemporarlcH in the Second ! Congressional nistrlctunnnlinously discharge their doctors, abandon their drug stores and | eschewall medical devices, except apples, lemons and the absence of overcoats, because | Mr. Tillman has a theory that those three ; tilings will cure every Imagiiiab'p ailnipnt. I "There Is too much re?pect for tradltions, [names and piiices In our State Journalism.' : Kstemed col em porarles lack the confidence In I j themselves that llic.v should have. Ah ii rulp, J : the editor lias an much sense, and knows as! ninch as the statesmen, and Is right In his I positions fully as frequently as tho leader of| i local politics. The newspaper Is the voice and direct representative of the peoplo. and I j In that capacity Is onp of the masters of pub-1 lie officers, who are the servants of tlip ppo-j pie. The humblest Journalist In the country' ' lias a right to oppose and criticise the opln-l i Ions and actions of Its most exalted and pop* I nlar oltielal, and neglects Ills duty when he, i fulls to do so If he has occasion." Educating (he Xogro. [ A iken Kcrordcr. ] In regard to the matter of education: in our opinion, the negro is getting more than j | his share and a great deal more than does lilni any good. We have always been one of the | most enthusiastic advocates of common, school education hut we confcss (hat the edit-1 j cation of'.lie negro seems not to provide re- : I straining moral influences, but on the eon-, 'trary, furnishes additional lools lor the In-, 1 dulgence of his thievish propensities, one of, ' the first uses that many make of their ability 1 to write Is to foruenn o'dcrorn note, and one i of the ablest Judges on the bench ot this State | has called attention to the fact tlint nearly all 'the criminals come from Hose negroes who j have been taught to read and write. He further suited that it was a rare circumstance j that one of those who had been brought up In I a state of slavery, and accustomed to work, I j was ever brought before him. Such ustatempnt of facts is discouraging to the friends of ' universal common-school etMicaimn. ?< hik I obliged to provide fcr the negro children' j exactly as we provide for the white, but If j this condition of affairs Is to be still further aggravated by insolent complaints and demands of nearo con ventions where I lie white (people have'to foot nearly the whole bill, it may be well to pause and consider whether It would not be expedient to repeal the constitutional amendment providing the two mills tax for educational purposes, and let every cltlzcn educate tils own children athisowu , expense.By all'tritflns sow a large area of your land ' in oats till it year, it is one ol the most important and'prolitablo crops to every farmer, i Again we say sow oat?. In the Master's Service.: CLERGY AND LAYME.V IN CODNCIL. Meeting of tlie Cokesbnry District Conference at Ninety-Six. FIRST DAY. , MORNING SESSIONRoll Call?Reports of Pastor* on State of tli? Church?Motion to llcinove District Parsonago from Cokcsbury. ninrty-Stx, St. Pacl'h Ciidkcii. July 19. 1S83. The District Cohfrr?nro f? t'-e Ouke&liiiry I istrlct of Ihr Smith Carolina Conference was convened In 8t. Paul's Church at the above stated plnc<- anil time, with Rev. W. i). Kirkland, Presiding Klder, In the chuir. Up n motion of Bro. J. Fuller Lyon, S. C. Cason was fleeted temporary Secretary. The i'rt sldent oidered llic roll cabled and the followIntr members answered to their onmes: C-ikoshurv S'atlon?Rev. Wui. Thoinss. Cokeglmrv Circuit?Rev. J. W. Kelly, Rev. W. R. Buchanan. 0. M. Madison, J. D. Fooshe, J. M. Major,' 1). K. Penney. Abbeville Station?Rev. R. L. Harper, J. Fuller Lyon. Abbeville Circuit?Rev. W. W. Jones, W. V. ('link- i scales. South Abbeville Circuit?Rev. J. Thos. Pate, T. N.., Dalits, P. L. Siurkly. J. J. IJmckn ill. Lowndesvllle Station?llev. M. L. Btnks, !. B. Franks. Jamts M. Latimer, Jr.. B I). Kay. Tumbling Shoals?';ev. VV. II. Klrton. Greenwood (-Ircult T. C. Lipscomb, W. L. Ander-j ( son,Jr..I W. Lipscomb. Newberry Station? Neuberry Circuit?Rev. W, II. nodgps. North Newberry i! rcuii?Kev. A. A. Gilbert, W. S.;, Pitt?, K. T. McSw.iln. J. K. Boulwnre. Saluda Circuit?Rev. .T. B. Traywlck, Rev. D. P.1 P.oyd, K B. L Gruddick. B. W. Wright, B. L. Cattgh- J, llliill. J. S. Pou North Kdgeflold Circuit?D. M. P.ampey, Wro.: Qiialtlehaii m. Parknvilln Mission?Rev. J. Ware Brown, -T. B. ] Holloway.T. K Collier, .las. L. Harris, alternate, was , substituted for Jas. Cothr.iu Jr.. South Abbeville Clr- ; cult. W. P. B. Harmon, alternate. was substituted for i K. P. Cromer, Newbem Circuit. J. M. Miller, for F. I \. Conner, from CoKeSDll'y, and 8. C. Casou for J. T.,, Parks from Abbeville Station. 8. C. Cason was elected permanent Secretary. !, A letter from Kev. It. I>. Smart was read to the con-;: ference by the secretary giving his reason for absence j from the Conf. reiice. which was continued sickness in ; Ids family, end visit to llrndersoiivlllc, N. C., on tbut acc tint On motion of Bro Thomas, th* hoursof the Confer- j ence sessions were fixed from 9 to 11 o'clock, a. tn.,: anil from 4 to C o'clock for the afternoon session. The hours for public worship wero appointed at 11 o'clock, ?. m.,a<id o'clock p. in. The President exiled for. reports of l'a-tors on stute of church. i Cokefbury Station?Bro. Thomas submitted written leport, which showed tliat there bad been a decrease ; In membership o. 11. The consrceatlons were pood j but the spiritual condition of the church not encouraging. I'rayer meetings well attended. No cl ss meetings; only a part of the members have family ! pruver. Gene rid Rules tire1 tv well observed. The reports wore suspended until a commit toe to Mbiuiino tilt clmrcli rectd* was appointed. M'>tlon Wis made anil carried that the Chair appoln' three. The President said he would appoint three at the clos? of the morning s.-sfion. Reports resumed. Cokesbury Circuit?Bro. J. W. Kelly reported In writing that there had been no Incren-e In the mein- j bcrahip?only a few conversion*, Siacrament pretty I well aitended?"no prayer meeting. No claw meet-1 lag. Attendance on puh ic worship averages well, j Oencr.il Rules not generally kept. Sotnolimes openiy violated. Abbeville Station?Bro. K. L. Harper submitted a report In which h- stated there had been an increase of 10 in the membership since last District Conference. Attendance mi prayer meeting rather small. Attendance on public worship eo?d. Occasionally praver( meeting is turned into a class moetintr. Rules welt kep*. and conduct of members exomidary. Abbeville Circuit?Written report by l.'ev. W. W. Jones?sinill Increase in membership since ia?t District Conference. Two conversions. Sacrament administered qn irteriy Attendance good. No prayer inretimrs a< d no class merlin.t. (leneral Rules well observed. In answer to a question whether there i were more than t**o members who would pray In pub- j lie on this Circuit, the p:istnr said that there were | more than twi>; that he thought that he could And that many ladies who would pray In public South Abbeville Circuit?Bro. .1. Thomas Pate submitted a written rejMirt in wMc'i he stated that there v.?a* an increase In membership, and several conversions. facrament usually administered quarterly; two well atteuded prayer meetings. Cass leaders are appointed who see the members and talk with them on the subject of religion. \ good reii ious feeling Is abroad throughout th Circuit. Lowndesvllle Station? Bro. M. L. Banks read report. Not much lnerea?e in the memh. rshlp. Sacranvntof tlie Lord's Supp-r administered quarterly. Onepravcr meeting?well attended. No c'a*s meeting. family worship observed by the official tnein bets and soin'e '.titers. General Rales generally oh Greenwood Circuit-Brn. R. N. Wells being absent, the rep -rt of this Circuit was postponed. Newberry Station?Bro. K. I> Sm:?rt being absent,j the secretary rearl his report wnich showed that the i church Is in a h allhfill and growing state. 29 addl-1 tlons since last report Tho members, to a large ex-1 tent, partake of tlie Sacrament of th Lord's Supper, i Prayer meeting attendance should be better. The attendance on public worship as largo as the church building cor. nccoimnodate. General Utiles -sell kept. Newberry Clrc'tit?Bro. Hodges, In the absence of Hro. Bio* n. read a sh >rt report which wa* withheld for the present. The report was hardly definite enough to nmko extract* from. North Newberry Circuit?Pro. Gilbert read report. ] Twenty have h.-en added to the chinch since la? re | port. Most of the members coinmnnf. Number of, conversions nut known, one prayer meeting, nnd j ft1 rival tended. No class meetings. Family worship | much neglected General I'n ea pretty well k-pt. Saluda Circuit?Br". J. B. Tray wick subtiiltr-d a * rltten repor'in t\ hlch lie at.Ved t hat there has been an Increase In member-hip, since last District Conference, of about 123, Eighty have Joined Mid sixty received by the addition of another church to the Circuit; nt)"iit 73 conveigloiift. Theieare four weekly prayer meetings; three class meetings: congrcgn'lons large; aKoilt sixty families who observe family worship. Gener.l i-iilesare pretty well ki-pi. On being ns'<ed how lie estimated tho number of conversions. Bro. Travwick said tlmt ho visited his people privately tt'.d talked with them, and found out that many were truly religions who would not state publicly that they had been eonveited ; that he worked among his members privately and encouraged them. Bro. Gravidic said tant they had class meetings after Mr day S- hool. North Kdirefield Circuit?There was no report from this circuit, the pastor being absent. Paik*vll;e Mls?|on?Rrn. J. Ware Brown snbmitted a full ie|Hirt a? to the hlatorv and state of I Ills mission This seems to be a growing mission ai d there h-a t?een consider b!e advancement made In perfect'ng 'he arrangements f>r Im'dlng meetings. Tim mission lias four places at which preachln.' is bud, Pltlin Branch, pHtksvllle. Modoc Mid Clark's IIIII. A hoii'e of worship has been hu'lt at Plum Branch. Theie are no churches at the three o-her points There has been considerable increase in rue memoo'snip. Tumbling tOmalfc "Hru, W. H KI'Lon rend the refnrrrTn nhloh ho staled uiAf" ffi crease of .bout fifty members; between seventy nnil | olehtv conversions; one monlh'y prni or ineetinp. i I'lilil V worship well attended. General Hillos n"t as | well observed a* they should bo. 1'hss lemurs wore , appointed who held n? rricnlnr elns* meetings, but vis- i It. (1 tlio members and did murh good. Bros. W. H. Klrt-.n, J. H. Franks nnil .J R. If. Ilowny were appointed a committee to examine the quarto ly conference records nnd make a written report on ouch. All station* nnd circuits presented their records | with tlio exception of Newberry Circuit, Abbeville Circuit nnd North Edgefield Circuit. On motion of Itro. K. T. McSwaln a committee con-. s'silnir of one Invman from each clmrg- to bo appointed by the "hair, wits ordered to Inquire Into the prnc- ! ticnbillty ol lemovlnir the PUtrict parsonage from ; rokesbury to fo.ne other point in the District. The ] ch?lr nnnonncod that ft would Appoint this committee at the afternoon session. The Conference adjourned with the benediction. AFTERNOON SESSION. Devotional Exercises?Additional Representatives?Committee on Removal | of District Parsonago?Reports from i the Different Charges, as to State of! Religion, Amount of Money Collected, etc.?Pastors Instructed to Hold Mass Meetings. St. Pack's Church. Jnlv 19. 15S3. The District Conference convened nt 4 o'clock and ' was opined with devotional exorcises by Re*. C. FI.! Prllclmrd. The minutes of the M>?r:il g Se>slon wore : rend nnd some corrections made before they were adopted. I'pon the enll of the roll, the following members an- | sweretl wni) were nuseni ai me opening 01 ineiumer-1 cncu In the morning: Cokesbnry Station?Rev. C. H. Prltchiril. W. A. j Moore, F. A. Conner. Cokenbury Circuit?Rev. J. E. Rush ton, Isaac A 1 Kellor. .Jas. K. I/omax. Tumbling Shoals?W, [). Snlllvan. Greenwood?A. J. Quntiebaum Newberry Station?!). O. Herbert, and T. F liar ino? In place of K. C. Chapman. Newberry Circuit? Rev. M. Brown. L. W. Lon?, F. M. Hchutnpcr\ <J?cyb Sligh. Kcv. M. Brown stated that A. J. Kl'gore's absence was enured by the extreme Illness of his father-in-law. Stduda Circuit?*1. E. Mack whs substituted In the place of W. H. Mason. North Edgefield Circuit?Rev. W, P. Meadora and T. L. Quattlebaum. The President appointed the following commltteo to Inquire Into the practicability ot removing the dlntrlct parsonage ftom Cokesbnry to some other point: Dr li. T. Mc^waln, J. I). Fooshe. J. M. I-atltner. dr.. W. V. Cilnkacalea. J. F. Lyon, P. L. Stnrkey. T. K. Co ller, F. A. Conner. T C. Lipscomb, T. F. Harmon, .facob >llgh, J. S. Pou. D. M. Ratnpev and W. D. Sullivan. The financial reports from the different charges I were called lor. and were substantially as follows: Cokesbnry station?Rev Win. Thomas reported ; amount assessed $675: paid $165.35. Ai-sessment! plan adopted. Two churches; one new and unflidsh-1 eil ot Hodges. The church at Cokesbury In need of repair*. Co'.esbury Circuit?Report by O. M. Mattlson, Ro- ] cordlns Secretory, amount assessed $1.400: paid j $425.05. Abbeville Station?J. Ful'er Lvon reported that $7S5 had been assessed, and $95 co'locted. Plan of1 collection, assessment by stewards with approval by j the members. A lurge amount has been subscribed for the purpose of building a new church. wrltfal. r..r./,p? W V I Cllnkicales made u verbal repo t, and stated tti.it $W0 hud been assessed. anil $93 paid. No pi w or cnl rc- j tlon Is adopted on this circuit. Four churches ; three ] In need of n pair# Rev. M. llrown, R. v. W. W. Jones, Rev. J W. | Kelly, and Bra. T. F. Harmon and J. F Lyon ml-1 d>eS8<d lh<- pon erence on tlio cause of the continued failure of this circuit to pay the pastor's and Presld lug F.lder'a salaries. South Abbevil'e Circuit?P. L. Sfnrkey read re-' port. Assessed $590; paid $354.50. The amount la I apportioned to thu Churches. Kaeh stewaid adopts hia own plan of collecting from hla church. Three j church buildings on this circuit. There la a n- w btiildlng at McOormick which la Hearing completion.! The other two chutches are In pretty good condition Lowndesrdle Circuit?.1. 11. Franks reol report. $Sfi5 :u sesscd : palil $2S1 15, Salaries raised by the assessment plan. There are two church buildings ; one good and the other needs repairing Tutnb'lng Shonls??Win I). Sullivan nad report,; assessed $93o; paid 1310.05. The assessmdnt plan is j adopted in three churches Mid voluntary contilbu-' lions in one. Four churcnes are in very good Condi j lion. Greenwood Circuit?J. W. Llpscotiib made repott;: assessed $l.'200; paid $79. Salaries raised by assessment; four churches in good condition; parsonage, poorly furnished. Nevvherrv Station?D. O. Herbert made report.; Assessed $1,150; paid $601.15. Plan of rolled ng? ; assessment In stewards subject to approval by the j member*. One church and one parwonage In good j condition. 11 Newberry Circuit?Report by F. M. Schumpert. I Aniountassessed $I.4"0, paid $513.15; seven churches, I three new and four In need of repair; ptrsonage In ' Very good condition. | * ortli Newberry Circuit?W. S. Pitts reported that i $700 was assessed; $19:? paid Coll'...on made by i assessment and voluntary contribute i; four churches, | all In good condition ; parsonage Iq timilcrutluy good condition. Saluda Circuit?E. B. L. Graddlck read report. I Amount assessed $1.000; tollected a little over one-1 fourth ; seven churches ; all In good condition ; par/.M nlirt not trnoi]. ' North Kdzefleld Circuit?Rev. W. P. Moadors was J culled mi for report ?n the state of the church. There ha? bm an Increase of twelve In the member- ! ship since last District Conference. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered quarterly; pretty well attended ; two monthly pr??er meetings In sue-1 cessful fperatlon ; attendance on public worship prettv good ; twelve or fifteen families have family' worship , Iho General UuleR not well observed by all the members. Financial reiii.rt by T. L. (jtiarttle- I h?om. Assessed f480 ; paid f 170; salaries collected ' by the asse.-st&ont plan ; four churches, one In good condlilon ; three uncelled ; no parsonage. I Parksvllle Mission?T K. ('older made verbal re- I port Assessed |200; jiald |70. J The committees on Church Records and Eeinovaj 1 of District Parsonago wire requested by their re. "4? . ' * ' ! spectlve chairman to remain nf'er the cl??fi of the* icojiou. After benediction the Conference adjourned, SECOND DAY. Reports on Sunday Schools?Baptist Literature and Methodist Teachers. 8t. Paui.'s Cornell. Friday. .Inly 20, IsSS. Th* T>i?trlcf Conference convened tn ni'irnliijf session with the I'reMdtiur Klil?i' In the en dr. Devotional exercises were conducted by Kov. M. Itrown. 'l'lie imiiuteK were read ami approved. Ja?. McCullonyli nml J. It. Smith reported as delegates from Tuiiiblini: Hioals. Imports fr .in the different Sunday Schools were wlled for and are as follows: Coke-bury Station?Uev. W. Thomn reported two Snnduy Schools I" fair working condition ; 14 i.ffl -ers and teachers, and 110 neholnr*. Both schools are kept open n!l the year. Hindrances to Sunday School Work here?eatly graduation of the larrfo children . and the want of Interest on the nail ..f the pnientn. t'okeshury Circuit?K--v J W Keliy submitted report: El)jbt Sunday Schools. 40 to 45 officers, nliont 8U0 scholars. Six opun every Sunday. K rnr kept up a 1 the year. Literature of the M??th?Nll.Ht Publishing Untile iiat.-d About $40 raised fur Suuday School purpose. Kev. J. K. Kushton f?tited thit the children wrre not n glect<-d, hilt were car d for as far it? possible. Abbeville S'Mlon?Kev. It. I* Unrporread reptrt: One Sunday School. with 15 olH rs and tench rs itnd 100 scholars. Literature that'll >ur own Puh ishlng Ilmm, The school here is !i sucees. Six conversions anions the children since last District Conference. Twenty dol lars raised. Abbeville Circuit?Rev W. W. .Jones read report m follows: "Haven't a Sunday School at either of the five churches." On b-i"C hbIc >d If there w-?a not one within his circuit he stited that "Mrs. .Jones had urbanized >i Sunday Seh-'ol at the parsonage, which has aliotit fio pupils, and much go..d i? b.-lng accomplish) d. Tlie children are tiught every Sunday." South i/oevllle Circuit?Itev. J. Thos. Pate submitted report In which he stated that th^re were inree Sundiy Schools on this Circuit, with 240 fllcers. teachers and scholars. Two open every Sunday. Only one continued through the winter. The greatest hindrance is the lack of efficient teachers Sixtyidsht dollars raised this year for Sunday School pur|>o. ses. Lowndesvllle Station?Rev M. L Banks read report: I'b re are three Sunday Schools In this Circuit. Tlire.- for white children and o '0 for colored children. Twenty officers and teachers and 170 pupil* ; one open every Sunday ; one 3 Sunday* In th month ana one twice a month. Two continue through the witter. Our own lltentnre read. Oreatest hindrance?want of Interest on the part of the parents. Twenty-live dollars rnised this year. J. M Latimer sal'1 that lie had organized the school for the colored children on Ills own place, and he thought he was doing good amongst thein. 15. f>. Ka.v stated that the Sunday -cliool at Fellow-hip was flouilshingai d goes on all the lime ; 150 pupils. Tumbling Shoals?Kev W. II. Kirton reported : Four Sunday Schools: number of officers, t-achers. ami scholars not known ; average attendance In each from 40 to 50; two schools continued thru ughont the Perhaps the greatest hlmlrance ti> tha Sunday 1 School* here are bad roads. A considerable number | have be -n converted: twenty or thi ty; 823 nr $80 < raised ihis year. Greenwood Circuit?The pastor bclns absent, T. C.1 Lipscomb made a vernal report: There an* good j schools ut Ninety-Six and Greenwood, and one startod j at -rlt-m under favnrub'e circumstances. A pretty! jood school also hi Lebanon. Newberry Station?In theab encof the Pastor, D. [ ?. Herbert read report: There are 18 oflWrs and scholars on the roll ; nveroge attendance about 40. The scho?d Is ?p''n every Sunday at 9 o'clock : continuea itll the vet'. Our own literature used. Greatest hindrance : wint or Interest Amongst the parents und older members of the churcb. Amount collected : 110.20. Newberry Circuit? Itev. M. Brown read the report : There are 7 soho >ls and one wayside school where there la no church. These school* meet ever>' | Sunday, but did no' do so when the present pastor took charge of the ClreulL There ha? been great Improvement In one of the schools. Our own literature used In all except one. The pastor stated that ho did not know that other literaturu th n our own was used. The president said that no Superintendent had the right to use any other than Methodist literature. North Newberry Circuit? hev. A. A. Gibert sub-1 milted a written report which shows that there a>'e 5 schools with 80 officers and teachers. and about 200 scholars. All of them meet every Sunday ; one of them was carried through the entire vear.and an eflort Is being made to increase tne number this winter. The Nashville publications are used. Indlffrence on the part of the parents Is the great hindrance to the success of the S'hooU here. Saluda Circuit?ltev. J. C. Abnry submitted a written report: There are eight schools, two of which have been organized this ye.ir. All are open e\ery "unday except two ; and all continued th'ongli the winter; our own literature used In all the sehools. Indifference on the part of the members of the church Is the greatest hlnder.ince ; about twentylive conversions Irom the Sunday -r.hools. North Kdgefleld Circuit?Itev. W. P. Meadorfl reported that iheie wen four Sunday Schools on tills Circuit, about sixtieii offl ers and one hundred schoU ars. Two ol the Su>day Schoo's are open every i Sunday, and two open two Sundays In the month. ; Our own literature Is ns-d. The parents B'ol children ; are both indifferent; the latter beciuse the former are so. Mnn\ of the people live a good distance iroin the I churches, and this retards the work. About 915 dol- j lars raised th< present year. I'arksville Mission?Kev. J W. Brown reported that there W'-re tw schools on tills Miss >n, and I seventy-six i.fflcers and teachers. $10 raised the I present year. MethwiUt literature used in one! school and Baptist literature in the other, Ttie Pre- j silling Elder said tint one o: these school* should not. br reported. for tho reason th t where Baptist liters-i ture Ik used, 11 ml ..nly th** superintendent >s a Metbodlat, It is a Hapti-t. mi l not ? Method'st Sunday .School, Literature Ik wnnted on this mii-slon. Rev. Mr. Neville was introduced to the Conference by thi* I'resid nt. Rev. 8. A. Weber stated thatowlnz to indispnsitlon since his arrlvul, e bad not ween the brethren In regard to th*- iiitcrr-sis of the Athocatr. but would talk to thein whenever an-ipn-rtnnlty offered Rev. M. Brow. stnted to the Conference that the absence ot Kev. Murk Boyd was due to the ac; that be was in feetilf health and nut ahl- to att nd At the request of Revs. J. W. Kel'y and A. A. Oibert and the President, Apeeiul pnve'r wa< offered In behalf -f iheiffllcted lip-thren and their families? I'ev. 11. D. Smart. Kev. R. N. Weds. Rer M-rk Boyd and Hev. J. M llusht-in. Rot. J. W. K -lly led In prayer. After benediction, the Conference adjourned. EVENING SESSION. Reports on Missions?The Amount Of Money Collected, and the Condition of Affairs in Connection Therewith. rt. Pacl's HfRrn, July 20. 1SS3. The District Conference convened nt 4 o'clock, and devotional xerclses were conducted by R-v. M. L. Banks. T e minutes of tbo morning session were rend and approved Dr. O A. Dar^y wa< Introduced lo "he Onlerence. The President c.illeit f.>r th reports on Mission*. Cnketdmry Station?Itev. Win. Thomas read report. In which he stnted that no special cdl-etion ha<l been taken up for tiilt purpose, either fo- Home or Foreign , Missions. Those collection* are raised by contribution and tuonihiv collections. No mass mee'lnz hod j been held ; one Woman's Ml-ti'-n iry Socle tv : $03.45 i cliec'ed for other benevolent purposes ; $28.95 on j nthijE-flMeRBinents. ! j(\\e President staled that he would receipt for any j Tnoney that was ready to be p-ilil over for Missions. | I'okesbury Circuit?Rev. J. W. Kelly submitted | wiitten r port. On this circuit there bus been paid about 180 tor Foreign Mishiotis; for Domestic Mis- j minis noinm?.. consonnruiu u?n k^hk-ih |i>an is me onlv ?ne used; prnvhiiL' nt nmr of the churches on mission*. No muss meeting ha* been held. There are two Woman's Mlssi nary Societies; one K ger Juvenile Sotiety. Ab^t-rill. Station?J Fuller Lyon read the report In the absence of the piStor. $4150 has been paid this year for Foreign Missions; nothing as v t for1 Home M s?lons. The assessments for missions are met by monthly collection from the Su< day School and by collection at special meeting*. No serin n directly" on missions bus been preached Afver 'this (here will be preachln.' one a month on the subject. Mass mee lng will tic held In fvptemlmr. There is one Woman's Ml-slnnary Society It Is in fulr condition. The Sunday School is a missionary society. Abbevlll" Circuit?i.'ev. W. W. Jones rrod report Nmhlnif has l>een raised this year for missions: no plan adopted for collecting the assessments; no mass meeting has hem held ; no Woman's Missionary Soc ety nor J it vetilli-Society. South Abbivllje Chciiit?Report bv Rev. Thomas I'.ate. Four hundred dollars subscribed for F 'reign Missions ; part of this mount has been paid. Ter. dollars r.-ilsed for Domestic M'ssions. The nvney is raised by circuit mass meetings for Foreign Miss ons, and by printed atipeals for Domestic Mi.slons; thee are sent to each member. One mass meeting has been held with Ann s-ccess. Two prosperous Woman's Missionary Societies on this circuit; hotb organized this year; one Juvenile Mlssionury Boeietj ; $75 raised for benevolence. LowndesvilM Stat'oit?Rev. M. L. Banks read report and stated that $40 had been collected and forwarded o Nashville, and some money on hand. The collections are made by public subscriptions In the ci.ngrega Ion. There has t-een preaching 0.1 this subject m part. Vo mass meeting has been held. Tbtr? Is one Woman's Missionary Hoctety, and one Juvenl'e Society which has paid $S to the Koeer tund. Tumbling Shoals?UeT. W. H. Klrton; $<67 50 Imve been subscribed, of which $175 have been puld ? oDtrlbutlon plan has been adopted. All assessments are expected to lie met A mass meetlfg has been held on this circuit with good success. The snbj ct Is preached to all the congregations. There is ?i.e Woman's Mlsshinwy Society. Thirty dollar* raised | here for benevolent purposes, .ill th" Sunday Schools are organized Into missionary societies; no I Juvenile S ciety Dr. W. W. Duncan was Introduced to tint conrer-, enee. Greenwood Circuit?In the absence of ihe psslor, T. C. Llpscombe made a short verbal report. "*n far nothing lias been collected. Some effort In ibis di-: recttnn will be tnade soon. North Kdgcfield Circuit? Rev. W. P. Meadors read j report and rtati'd that about |:!0 had been rained In east and sub-w Ij'tlons for Foreign Missions which Is j the amount a>ses-?d on this charge V..thine an vet' collected f>>r Domes'ic Mission*. All the churches' on this circuit liaTe been preach-d to on this Mlbject ' No mass meeting has been held. There Is one t Woman's Missionary Society In very go >d condition Newberry Circuit? Rev. *M. Brown made a short: verbal report. Nothing has been done towards rais ; Ins any mlssl >n:i'y money toi>e applied to the a?sess-| nietit; $-10 outside of these assessments have been | co'b cted. All claims on this ciicnlt will be paid In full. There la one Woman's Missionary Society at all the churchf* except "ne ; prospects good for organiz- ! ing .Juvenile Societies at all th" appointments. North Newberry Circuit?Rev. 4- A. Glbert sub-j mltted a written report. 81* dollars collected on j Foreign Ml-slo-s and n"thl'ig on Domestic Mis-ions, j The subject has been presented to the congregations. No muss meeting has been held. There are two Woman's Missionary Societies ; one organized this year. Nothing as yet ral-ed for benevident purposes. ( The e aie no Juvenile Societies Newberry Sta'ion ? D. ?). Herbert made partial report. The pastor bad sent the report te the Pre-id-j Ing Elder, which was not pre.v-nL Newberry sta- ! tion will meet all demands in full. The collections j have been taken In part. The money < raised by | collections ami subscriptions. There 1* one Woman a 1 Mi sloiiary Society. 9ixy-nlne dollars raised for Other benevolent purposes. Saluda Circuit?Rev. J. R. Travwlck submitted a written rep"-1; $W li-.ve been pain "n Foreign Ml*-; sion? and $60 snbscibed for Domestic Missions. Each member is called upon to say how much he will contribute and others hKo. The subject has been preached at all the churches No mass meetin ' has been held. Small bixes are distributed to the children and much money is expected to be raised in this way. There are four Woman's Missionary Societies nn this circuit. Sevent\-four dollars subscribed raised for Conference collections anil other benevolent purposes. There lire seven Juvenile Socli-tics. j Patksvil ? Mission ?Kev. J. Ware Brown stated that he hail not received n statement of what had been a?si ssed by the District Otewrds. No collection has been taken up. There are no Woman's ur Juvenile Societies. j Kev. Thos Pate offered the following resolution. Wiiicrkar, It has been found by actual experience that tile holding of mas* meetings In the lnt rest of Foreign Missions is very beneficial, therefore be it lletolreil, That the pastors in clurge of the various clieults, stations and missions of this District he iilvM to hold In each of those charges a mass meeting in the Interest of Foreign missions. The hour of adjournment was. on motion, postponed . In order that this resolution might be discussed. Hers. J. Thus. Pate, J. W. Kelly, W. H. Kirton.snd . Bros. Graddlck and Sturkey addressed the Conference 1 un the resolution. The vote being taken It was adopted unanimously Kev. J. Ware Brown was allowed to present the Interest* ol I'arksvllle Mi.?sl"n to the Conference, urgIrg the members to contribute to aid In building a church at I'arksvllle, where one was so uiuch needed. The President spoke alson in favor of this motion. After the benediction the Conference adjourned. ! THIRD DAY. MOliNING SESSION. Reports on Church Literature?Books and the Newspapers?By Whom Read. Paul's Church. July 21, 1SS8. 1 The Conference convened at 9 o'clock with the P. E. 1 In the chair. Devotional exercise* were conductcd : by Bro. B. D. Kay. I Kenorts on church literature were called far: Cofcesbury Bii'.lon?Kev. Win. Thomas: About 15 j families take Advocate. No new subscribers this rear. No books are sold. A meeting has been held < In the Interest of Woffurd College, and the matter has I boon presented. j I * -- - ' ' >;^v. . i -<* Cokesb-iry Circuit?Hot. .1. W. Kelly read report snd silted that there were About 58 sub.-cribcrs to the Advocate ; four new subscriber# thU year. There h to Ih-vii soln about tbre. dozen copies of the HUtorv of Methodism lu South Carolina and of the Life ?f Bishop ndrew. No stQiiemt nt Wofforrl College, two at u <111 melon, one at Due West and some others elsewhere. A resolut'on was ad"pte I thut the Trn-tees of the C 'kesbtiry School be reun-sted to loon after the grave* of Hev. Ueo. Ilollowny and his wife. Abbeville Station?tteport by Hev. K. L. JIar|ier: 17 eoirfcs of the Advocate are taken and four of the Nashville Advocate. Only two new eubicrlbem since Conference. The claim's or the |upcrsiire urged both In privaieann public. No studeiilalu any of the institutions of learning. Abbeville Circuit?Hev. W. W. Jonea stated that only a few of his congregation take the Advocate. N i bO"kl are soln. No students from bis circuit are la attendance on our Institutions. South Alih.-vllle Circuit? Kev. J. Thomas Pate: There are 31 subscribes lo 3. C. Advocate ; 29 ?J these obtalne* this year. Between T& an I l'-0 subscriber# to the Church Ilecord. No students at any nt the institutions ol lean ing. Lowndeftvillo Station?Kev. M. L. Banks: There are 13 subscribers ro 8. C Advocate and about si* to thr* Neighbor. The elalma of the Advocate are urged In urlvutn anl in public. Not much fide fori books. O.e student at Due West; none elsewhere.! Appointed u commitle to look after the Wofford endowment. Tumbling Shoals?Kev. W. II. Klrton: Number ofi subscribers to church pap?is not known, but there Is a responsible number. \ few new subscribers since last Conferer.ee* No b<>oks sold. Speeches h?vo been made lu favor of the endowin-nt fot Wofford College Committees hare been np|eilnted. Greenwood Circuit? itev. . N. Wells having arrived ma e a fu'l report on the sUte of'he church, Sunday Schods and mlssiona. See Report Parlift) tvnnrtM hiivi* h.?i*n fnri?rimr?tt?erl In 111** mtrmti'A. North K-tgelleM Circuit?Rev W. P. Menders:' There are about 30 subscribers to the Advocate. A . great immy hymn books hare t*>en nold this cir- j cult. Nothing ha* been dono for Woffun1 Ciillrcr, Newberry Station?I). O. Herbert read report of, Rev. K. D. Smart. There ure 83 sub>crlb~rs to tho j Advocate. No students I attendance on any of our Institutions from (his station. A committee of one' gentleman and Ml * were upttoinied to look after ihe , endowment of Wofford College, $t>9 c Heeled to; date. Newberry Circuit?Rev. M. Brown: About Zd renewals and new (subscriber* to the Advocate. Have ptirchua d about $100 wortk of books, an I soli- most of them There are (oar pupils at Co-j luinbln Female College About $158 in cash and subscription' raised 'or Wofford College. Committ-ea h ive been appointed. Nor'h Newberry Circuit.?Rev. A. A. Gilbert: There aro about 18 subscribers to tbn Advocate.' Home 10 or 12 renewnls and new subscribers since; Conference. Have s*>l?l about a doien volumes of Dr.: ^hlpp's aiid Smith's books. No student* from this | circuit. Nothing dune on 'be Wofford Endowment Fund. S*luda?Rev. D. P. Boyed snbmitted report Thenar SO subscribers to the Advocate, nine of whom are new; one subscriber to th- Nashville Advocate, and lour for Christian Neighbor. A good nm y liytnn books have been sold. But few studoiite at our | colleges Some voung men at.d ladies ure icettinc; rei-dy ?o attend college, Some steps huve been taken i to aid wofford College. 1'nrksvllie Mission?Rev. J. Ware Brown : Tb-r? ! are seven subscribers to the Advocate?are new.; Qui'** a number take the lieenrd. One etnd< lit at Wofford; noi.e -?t Columbia. There were raised $10 , by voluntary subscription tor the new church at 1 Parksvllle. T. Lipscomb offered a resolution endorsing the ! 8. C. Advocate and Church RccariL, which wn* ad 'ptnd. ltev. tj. A Weber was introduced and spoke in the interest of the 8. C. AdvocateDr. 0 A Darby addrensed th? congregation on the sut>|e t of Fi-male kdncation. Dr. W. W.Duncan made an appeal In behalf of the Wofford I'olleee Endowment Fund. The subscri[t tlons and collections amountu.. to $IS0 T\r V 'I* .. _). I adopted, that it is the sens? <>f (his Conference ihttt i our pe pie should patronize Wofford and Columbia Female i ol leges. Adjourned with the benediction. AFTERNOON SESSION. Imperfection in Printed Blank Report Against the Advisability of Removing Parsonage?Delegates to South Carolina C inference?Next District Conference to he at McCormick?Resolutions of Thanks, and the Singing of the Parting Hymn. >r. Patl's C'nuRcn. July 21. 18S3. Conference cnnv-ned in the afttonoon Huston at 4 o'clock the P E. In the eh.il'. Devotional ex-r-Nes were conducted by Kev. W H. liodxes. The minutes of the morning Must- n were i*od and approved. Th-* Committer on Quaiterly Conference Kecordinade their report, wlilclt it is adopted. On motion of ihe t'h drm in. Her. W. II. Kirton, wm rfqiiiitwi to ell the uttent on of Mr. L. D. I'aliner, oi the Publishing Hou.e, 10 cerain Imperfections In thr printed blanks for qtinrterly conference racords. The committee appointed to Inqnlre Into the pmclcability of reiii-'Vl.ig the District irorsonuge reported thai they did not dei in it advisable to take action 1 recitrd to the mutter ut the present time. O'i mo ion the time of present session was extended indelini el , The following were elected delegates t > the n^xt session of Ihe t. C. Animal Conference: ij. C. Casoii, I). O. Hubert. P. L sturke* and B. L. Cnnghman. The fit.) wini.'were elected alt-rmiles: J. B. Frank*, J. D. Foi-ahe, A. J. Q.iulllebaum and J. M. Lull oer. J r >lc'"nrmick wo* unanimously selected as ihe pinefor holding the next session of the District Conference. Rev. Mr. Miller, of the Bsp'lst Church was intronnred to the Conference. The following resolutions. offer, d bv Bro. D. 0. iiiTi>cri, ?nr*i"|ivii uy a rising vine; Revolved, Thai the henry tlmnkg of tb's Conferenc are i mln. ntiy due to the good people of NinetySix, who have extended their princely hospitality to during the sestlon of this b'?ly. Resolved. That we hlg ly appreciate ihe faithful and efficient services rendered the Conference by om courteous Secret. y, Brother S. C. I'asoii. and tender hitn the [hanks or the onferei'Ce for the auuie. The Confer nee. having complete* its business, united in singing a pitting hymn, and adjourned nine die, with th> hem diction by the Prvalueut.?Cokesbur]/ Church Record. Neatness on the Farm. Intelligent observers have generally noted tin* fuct that In every rmal neighborhood the prosperous farmer* are almost iuvarlubly those who keep their buildings i*ainte?i, fences In go<id repair, and their fields free from stone, weeds anil rubbish. Of course. It may be said that men who have plenty <if money enn a/foid to spend It for keeping tip appearances, liut this Ik evidently n<>t the full explanation of this coincidence ol facts. Men who make money, especially In tannins, are least Inclined to pay It out merely tor show. It may lie safely put down it* a genernl rule that work performed by most thrifty I farmers Is in the direction of profit; hence. I us neatness commonly goes with thrlft.lt is quite as like to be one 01 its causes as one of Its effects. There are exceptions to this rule, us to all others. Some taimets accumulate money still more rapidly, not by Increasing : their income, hut by a system of grinding parsimony, by robbing themselves and clie itlng their families to put dollars in their purse. These ?re not examples to be imltnI ted. The aim of most reasonable men ts not only to make money, hut in ihe meantime to I live In n reasonable and comfortable manner. ! To accomplish these objects It Is not difficult to prove that neatness i* essential There are many reasons w by habits of neat| ncss In farming lead to success. Such habits ; are none too common, and In every business the men who do their work In the most thorough manner get the best pay. The world is full of poor work; that of necessity can only ; be poorly paid. The fanner w ho grows his I crops it mo >g weons c;in never wen ms grain hi ; the highest market price, while the extra care needed tosecure absolute purity Is sure to he proportionately well paid. Farmers understand this well enouuh, as I* shown t.y their periodic endeavers to secure pure seed fi-r sowing and planting. If wemi to almost any market we will And that the bulk of crops are more or less mixed, and therefore unsalable for seed and undesirable for any purpose. Almost every spring there Is an ac ; tive demand for seed barley free from oats or : oilier varieties of Parley, and not uufieiiuent lv fanners buy Iroto seed stores, i>a> intt from : two to four times the price at which they sold their grain the fall previous. In almost any I neighborhood a farmer who will grow pure ; seed of the various grains will Ami a demand i for his entire stork ar prices enough better ' than market rates to assure him a profit, j When weareto'd that farming Is not profita: ble. tlie Implication Is that reference Is made ' to the common slovenly method. The fancy i kind* ol farming, such as growing seed* and I garden vegetables, nearly always pays those who Intelligently conduct them. Vet seed growing and gardening are real y as true farming as growing hay or makiuu butter and cheese. They are only better paid because, they cannot be conducted without close at-1 tendon todctails. and it N in this that neat: ness consists.?American Cultivator. Gentlemen do not Carry Pistols. [Chicago Tribune.] We have never seen a gentleman, n scholar, a peison of politeness or refinement, while engaged In the duties of civil life, carry a weapon. We have rarely met an Innate cow-, ard. brute, gambler, rough or "deadheaU" one I who expects to carry himself through every! controversy with a defl.nt temper and scourging, slanderous tongue and come out of: It ' first best" whether he was rlghlor wrong. Iti;it did not CHrry ft pi.sioi. me cui>? mm. unll' to carry weapons are the only ones who! carry them. When Garfleld was attacked: neither lie nor Hla!ne, nor any other decent j person present hn<! a weapon. Deeent people; never wear .hem. Mr. Hlalne's llie was as completely In the hands of Uuifcnu as that of, Garfield, If the whimsies of the miserable brute hud run In the direction of taking It. 1 he plea that the Innocent ever need these weapons for d**f"nce aealnst the natural weapons of either assassins, burglars or any such class Is a false pica. The assassin, or burglar Is certain to be the only one of the two parties who will be armed. I' Is a question for grave consideration, therefore whether all I our constitutions should not be amended, the j right of bearing arms should be abol'shed ! and a general dlsartnlns of all persons he enforced. All half way measures, all attempts to decide who shall have arms according to moral characters are supremely ridiculous. Let Us Play the Winning Card?Policy, not Principle. [Sriluda Argus.] Is there a difference of opinion on the abstract question of "tarltr or no tariff, except for revenue." In this state? Wo suppose not. j On the question of u protective tarltr,as a j measure of national policy, we suppose the | voice of the people of South Carolina Is as the > voice of one man against It. We are. upon j principle, free traders and opposed to monopolies: but the policy of the government Is sha-j pen byn party which favors protection and encourages monopolies. The Issue, then In the next campaign, will be, as Mr. Dana says, an Issue on the nart of the republicans to re-' main in control of the government, and on the part of democrats to put them out. The republican party Is u party of spoils regard-f less of principle. It appears to us, therefore, that while the question of a tariff Is one that I seriously affects the interests ol the people, J 1! limy lioi ue sumcieui u> iiiiikc ii mi the coining elections. The same Influences which have heretofore defeated the l>oinocrntIc party will bp brought to boar anal list It. The North Isa manufacturing section, a monled aristocracy, and the voice <if the humtile voter there Is silenced at the polls, by the f nionled power. If the tariff Is really the win-t nlng card, then play It, but If not then play what is. A Cow Broke Its Neck. [ Yorkville Enquirer.] Mr. It. B. Robertson, who lives seven mtlesi east of town, lost a fine cow the other day by j (he animal breaking its neck. He had ltj "tied out" to graze, and by some means it became entangled in the rope with the result.: lust named. Mr. Robertson says his loss may j be a warning toothers, against the practice of tying out cattle to graze, u ml he also says that i he has come to the conclusion that It is more J economical in the long rim to fence In pas-j turc lands. M To Gkt Hin Of Tiikm.?'Those who troubled with mosquitoes can easily get of them by a very little efl'ort. Look aro^^H your house and yard, and If you dlsco^^^^B barrel, tub or pool of standing water, In a cupful of kerosene oil. This wlil^^BB the wiggletalls, and prevent the pro^H^^I [if the mosquito. It is a well that a mosquito only lives too weeks, manages to maKc things howl durlngi^^^^H| An effort Is being made to haveth^^^H^H of death, passed on Jim lirown term of Court, commuted to Itn^^^^H^E for life In the penitentiary.? Farming in the South. THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF INTENSIVE FARMING. Some of tlie Rennlts of Scienllflfr Af* rlcultiiro In Georgia ? Charleston Phosphates and Ilonr they Could be Utilized bj the Sontb. From Farith Funnan'i Addreu ai if on loom' try, Ala. * Under the Intensive system, the rapidity of plant growth Ih almost incredible. Last year aifter raising h crop of onts, I planted ihe land on the !>th day of Juno In cotton. In August I pulled tip a sUilk of the cotton to exhibit In connection with my address before the Georgia State Agricultural Hoclcty. Just fifty-nine days after the seed were deposited In th? ground, mid It tlion measured five feet Uireo inches in height, And had on It I'M balls, blooms and squares. Yon can readily nndersiand how n crop growing as rapidly as thi> would soon covcr the land and protect It In every way. Four yearn ago I too* a piece of sanely land, loose In texture and easily washed. lying upon a steep hillside.so steep In fact that it Is necessary to have the crops carried part of the wuy up the hill to the wagon at harvest. My object In selecting it wax to m?e if by a continuous succession of crops It was not practicable to stop the washes, which were very numerous.and In some places more than two feet in depth, and bring the l?nd into good condition. 1 began by planting oats, followed at onco by corn and peas; first filling the guillen with pine tops and ploughing over them. I fertil* ? i/.ed each cron with a manure suited to its r? qulremcnts. find kept the land continuously In cultivation. raising every year on It three crops, as above slated. and to-day lis productiveness is Increased four fold and the surface is smooth anil unbroken, without anjr sign of a iftilly apparent. From these illustrations, ?r drawn from my own experience, you can see that the intensive system is able to remove the source* from which spring the great evils fbnt so sorely affllctour agricultural interests. The only other questions left for consideration, and one with which I am frequently confronted is: "Granted that It ??an do all this, does It pay ?" "Is It not too expensive for general adoption?" "Is It within the means of the average Southern farmer?" To answer these queries I will draw asraln upon my own experience and giveyou the figures covering my five years'experiment on c'xljr r. acres of iand. Five year* ago I selected sixty acres of the fioocest land In middle Georgia, five acres beng red clay, twenty-five sandy surface with clav subsoil near the surface.and about one- "V half of thirty being sandy plney woods iand without any clay within several leet of tbejfl surface- I cu'tivated this carefully the firj]|^H year without manure, and made on it etgfl^H bales of cotton. The second year I appllei^B ."WO pounds of compost per acre, consisting oi^F six bushels cotton seed, six boshels stable and lot manure, and WO pounds chemical, costing two dollars per acre, making the cost of manure used on the sixty acres $120. The crop was twelve bales of cotton, averaging flu pounds and bringing $17 per bale?giving four bales of cotton Increase, or In money lift,and leavlnea profit on its use, after paying for the manure,of or about 60 percent. The th'rd year I doubled the manure, using 1,000 pounds per acre, costing on the 00 acres, in the aggregate. $210. and the crop nearly doubled, rising to 23 bale* and giving an Increase of 15 bales, worth Sfi75, with a profit from the nseof : the manure of $4-15. or nearly 200 per cent, on tlio mnnnv InvofitnH in manure Th? frmrt.h yenr I doubled the application araln, with an aggregate cost or nxn, and this time the crop wax little over doubled, belli* for thla year 17 bales; the Increase over the first year being 39 bales, worth 87.755, leaving n profit or >1,375. or nearly MOO per cent, on the Investment. The fifth or last year I airnin doubled the manure, ualne 4,000 pounds to the acre, costing alto* aether 3000, and the crop harvested was 70 bales iind 500 bushels oat*; Ave acres of tbe land having been planted first in oats and afterward* In cotton, with a yield or 500 buihels oats and 7% bale&of cotton. Putting the oat* at 00 cents per bushel,the money value of this i crop was 83,450. leaving a profit on inveatment '> In manure of $2,400. or a percentage of profit of nearly 280 per cent. You will observe that the percentage of profit was not quite so great this year as last, hut. the return in money was greater aa there was twlc?- as much Invested, but the profit In the use of the manure In increased production represents only one branch of the profit.. While I was Increasing my eropsand reeeivIng heavy dividends, I was building np my land. When T be/an. two hundred doliara would have been a larce price for the alxty acres, to-day I could sell it &>r fifty dollar* an acre; so that twcnty-Hght hundred doliara bns twn made by the Increase In valneof the land, but the manure used during the time only cost in the aggregate fl/00. so the enhanced value In the land pays for the manure and leaves a thousand dollars as profit. Again, t-> make 70 bnl?>8 or cotton and 500 hushpis of oats with the average production of Oeorgln or Alabama lands, will require ot least eivht mules nnd labor in proportion tb ctiltlva'elt I cultivated my crop with twfla mulus, thus snvinu the Investment of'ntneaB hnndrcil dollars In that most undesirableof? all p'operly. a mule, when ran by CirtTee as nl rreeman. *nvlng the lalmror a sis mole farm and thofeeit or six mules; really, under the 1 Intensive system. I cultivate my sixtyacreaof ' lan?l with less labor than a crop of sixty acres ret] til red under the old system. I plant late, nnd nil etytl farmers know that means less work, and my crop arrows so rnpldly that It, as It were, works Itself nnd I soon have to lay it by. whereas under the bumble-bee cotton wyptem It is a hard fight all the year between the 1 r*4\t I An orirl thn cr ru? b onfl th* farmar la ftronf J constantly (Urging to save hi*crop. Again. lam able to employ and seen re the best and mo?t effective labor. There are two ways of controlling men, one hy the hope of reward. nnd l.he other by the fear of punishment. I have found that hy holdlogout tn- , Hucement to my laborers,of extra wages In the event that n certain fixed product la nb- . talned.that the qualltvnnd efficiency of their a work Ncre tlv improved. Again, they take a M prli'e In tlie crop, and are a? careful ana con 1 ?tant In their effort* to secure a maximum ra^H suit as my?e|f. B| To us nature ha? proffered her chotnea^H hlessln?* in boundless profusion. Our neglee^B fs h people In the post of the advantage* thafOT niittire hus lavished upon us has been almostfll crimlnal-let us be careful to make for our^H selves such a record tn the future a? ihal^B serve as an expiation for that past. With thaH whole world paying tribute to Aonth Carolina^ as eager purchasers of iter phosphate rock, have sat quietly by and allowed European^ mnnufactnrers to come tinder our very noses, transport the rock across the ocean, mannfaei lure It nnd ship It back to us as their moat j available and profitable market. Ah! but I you say we could not help It: wedld not hivo j the material here from which to mnkelhe sul! phnrlc add rere'sary to render ihe rock aolq! hie and available. My friends, nature never J does anything by halves and never makes a I mistake. The scientists will tell you that 1 Iron ore in never found In working quanittlea I without the presence of coal, laid away In *be ! great store house oi nature In close proxlmlI tv. for wl'hont the coal the Iron ore could never he reduced. So nntnre never niannfncfored In her won- " dTfnt 'fthoratory the plio>phnte t>ed? without n provision nenrar band of a mnterlal ready at the proper time to he utilized hy man in the preparation of thnt phosphate rock for the salvation of our worn and wasted landttai We hnve mat material. The mountain* hothS of Oeorpla and Alabama nhonnd In pyr1t[^^H ore of the flncsi quality. exactly suited for tfl^M production of su'phuricaeld, that product o^J which I.clhiL'. the great, agricultural cheml?t, ''i said: "Show me the amount of ?ulpbnrtc add 1 thnt a nallon produce* and I will tell you I ?vhnt If Its advancement In the scale of civlli- 1 zallon." The American manufacturer* have heretofore lenored pyrites In the manufacturing of add pho?nhate, using Sicily sulphur, a volcanic pndnct hroiiL'ht. nt heavy expense across the ocenn, as the base from which to \ procure their acid. ,-3i The Enellsh manufacturers. however, the ! I largest nnd most successful manufacture In , the world of acid phosphate, utilize pyrltea, obtained from Spain. I the mannfncturr or , their sulphuric acid. They ship the pyrites from Spain 10 England?buy the Carolina rook at Port Royal and Charleston.grind It fine, acidulate it with acid made from pyrites, and ship tho same^phosphat?H*rti aero** tha At Inn lie to ChnTlesf6h^??rf other i?ojv?Land undersell the Charleston inanut.-ictnreriTwA/)^ , mine the phosphate rock nt the doors of their factories Indeed the manufacturers who use ; Sicily sulphur hnve confessed their Inability ** to cope wi'h English manufacturer*. u?dng nvrlfoa hv ilpmnnilIna recently In ('OflCTe*# thnt 11 tarftt of S3 a ton be linpoeed u<>on English arid phosphate for the protection of I American Industry. This being true, what ran we do In Georgl*. and Alabu 11. with the pyrites standing out In ledges from our mountains the phosphate rock within easy reach,and the consumer wnltlnsr ?t the door of our mctnry to take the good* as soon as made? And yet Georgia ana Alabama consumed last year 233,100 tons of chemical manures, and manufactured lew than thirty thousand sending without their borders?the money which should have t>?en kept at home?for two hundred thousand ton* i of fertilizers. How can we ever expect the prosperity and power, as a people, to which our natural advantages entitle us, while we supinely pursue such a policy as This? As manufacturers of standard chemicals, we not only should supply all homedcmand. but control the markets of the world, and as the Greek In Sparta'^ palmiest days was wont In pride to say. "th? mountains look upon Marathon and .Marathon looks upon the sea," so as the manufacturers our watchword should be borne upon the winds to the four quarters of tho globe, "the mountains look upon Charleston and M Charleston looks upon the sea.' jM IVotic?. 1 DURING a few weeks absence. I will leare^| my business here In charge of Mr, H; P.V McIMVAIN, who will be pleased 10 wait on 7 any one wanting anything In my line. THOS. BEG OS. August 1,1SS3, If j tTse well fixture, TWIK TISE WELL FIXTURE Is by far ?ho | most perfect and complete Invention tor i Its purpose that luis ever been made. No dniiK?*r of children beliiR hurt by It. Anybody can draw water with It?from any depth. It is wife, reliable nnd convenient. Sold by J. J. ADAMS, Greenville, S. C. Mr. M. L. BOXHAM. JR. at ABBEVILLE, i will take orders for tlie proprietor. August 1,3m DUE WEST I7XER<:i?^^^^B|hMjM8T. Cost of Best Fur \Mk