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ABBEVILLE PRESS AND BANNER.! BY HUGH WILSON AND H. T. WARDLAW. ABBEVILLE, S. C.. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1883. NO. 30. VOLUME XXVII. ||1 Youth aud Age. Spring at her height, or a morn in prime, j Sails that laugh from a flying squall, Pomp of harmony, rapture of rhymeYouth is the sit:n of them, one and all, Winter sunsets and leaves that fall, An empty flagon, a folded page, A tamble-down wheel, a tattered ball? These are the types of the world of age. | Bells that clash in a gorgeous chime, Swords that clatter in onsets toll, The words that ring and the fames that I climbYouth is the sign of them, one and all. Old hymnals prone in a dusty stall, A bald, blind bird in a crazy cape, The scene of a faded festival? These are the types of the world of age. J Hours that strut, as the heirs of time, Deeds whoso rumors a clarion call, ! Songs where the singers their souls sub- | lime? Youth is the sign of them, one and all. A staff that rest* in a nook of tho wall, A reeling bottle, a rusted gauge, The eliiuit nf j\ npnrinrr fnnnrnl ? These are the types of the world of age. Struggle and sacrifice, riot and brawn? Youth is the sign of them, one and all. A smoldering hearth and a silent stage? These are the types of the world of age. THE CERTIFICATE OF OEPOSIT. A STORY OF THE OLD CALIFORNIA MIXING DAYS. One scorching afternoon in July, 185?, the Hangtown stage creaked slow ly over the plank roadway forming the principal street of Sacramento City, finally coming to a full stop in front of the El J)orado hotel. It had not actually stopped before the usual knot of idlers were collected to stare, as they had done year in and year out, at the dozen or so dust-begrimed passengers who alighted, and who began threshing themselves like men who had been out in a heavy fall of snow, instead of having just finished the i hottest and dustiest sixty miles of road 1 in America. 1 This particular stage usually made ' tonnection with the day boat for "The Bay," as San Francisco was universally ! termed in the interior ; but on this oc- 1 easion it had come in too late by an 1 hour at least, and the boat was conse- ' quently at that moment twenty miles 1 down the river. Upon learning this < disagreeable piece of intelligence, the ] belated travelers scattered, grumbling at a detention which each took good J care to explain could never have been i worse-timed or more inconvenient to J himself than upon this particular after- 1 noon. ] One traveler, however, stood apparently nonplussed by the situation for i a moment or two longer, until his eye 1 caught the word "Bank," in big golden 1 letters, staring at him from the oppo- s site side of the street. He crossed i over, read it again from the curbstone, 1 and then shambled in at the door. He s knew not why, but once within, he j felt a strange desire to get out again < as quickly as possible. But this secret s admonition passed unheeded. Before him was a counter, extending 1 across the room, at the back of which 1 was a solid wall of brick. Within this i was built Mia li-inl- vault, thp irnn floor 1 I of which being half opened discovered t bags of coin piled upon the floor and < shelves from which the dull glitter of ? gold dust caught the visitor's eye di- i rectlv. The middle of the counter c was occupied by a pair of tall scales of J beautiful workmanship, in which dust was weighed, while on a table behind i it were trays containing gold and silver i coins. A young man, who was writ- < ing and smoking at the same time, t looked up when the door opened to ad- 1 mit the person of whom we were i speaking. To look at the two men 1 one would have said that it was the ? bank clerk who might be expected to 1 feel the presentiment of evil. Really, < the other was half bandit in appear- { ance. 1 In the solitary individual who has ) just entered the bank we shall describe, ' not one man only, but a type of the ' thousands who, like migrator}* Jints, ' passed and repassed the great high I ways leading to the mines of the ' Golden State. He was a bronzed, ^ bearded and weather-beaten hombre, * dressed in a faded woolen shirt, pantaloons secured at the hips by a belt and ' tucked loosely within a pair of miner's ' boots, a broad-brimmed hat that had been hastily crushed upon his head, and a pea-jacket dangling from his left shc<l ler like the short cloak of an j ancient c:iballero. The haft of a bowie 1 knife protruded, ready to be grasped, ] from his belt; and when he walked a big "six-shooter" flapped against his hip at every step. The man seemed a walking arsenal; but had the welldressed young person been searched, a *' Derringer" would have been found in his pocket, while a revolver lay convenient to his hand underneath the counter. Although he was alone and unno iticed, yet the stranger's manner was undeniably nervous and suspicious. Addressing the cashier, he disjointly said: " I say, mister, this yer boat's left; can't get to 'Frisco afore to-morrow V" (inquiringly). * That's so," the cashier assented. " Well," continued the miner," here's my fix; bound home for the States (dropping his voice) ; got $2,000 stowed away; don't know a live hombre in this yer burg and might git knifed afore morning in some fandango. See ?" " That's so," repeated the unmoved official. Then, seeing his customer luul come to an end, he said: " I reckon you want to deposit your money with us ?" " That's the how of it, stranger. Lock it up tight whar I kin come for it to-morrow." "Down with the dust then," observed the cashier, taking the pen from behind his ear and preparing to write; but, seeing his customer throw a warv glance right and left, he beckoned him to a more retired part of the bank, I where the depositor very coolly divested J himself of his shirt, in each corner of which five $50 " slugs " were knotted. An equal sum in dust was then produced from a buckskin belt, all of j which was received without the least I I comment upon the ingenuity with j which it had been concealed. A certificate in due form was then made out, | specifying that James "Wildes had de- j posited with the " Mutual Confidence | and Trust Company," subject to his j order, $2,000. Glancing at the scrap of , crisp paper, as if hardly comprehend- j ing how it could l?e au equivalent for , his' precious heap of coin and dust i upon the counter, Jim heaved a deep j sigh of relief, then, crumpling the certificate tightly within his big fist, he exclaimed: "Thar! I kin eat and sleep now, I reckon. Blamed if ever I knew afore what a coward a rich man was!" He then started for the door, hesitated, came back to the counter, and asked the clerk, in a confidential tone: " I say, what might be the valley of t that buzzum-pin of yourn ? The old ' I woman at home migbt like some kind J of a trinket, you know." The clerk eyed the questioner sharp-1 Iy, carried his hand hastily to the diamond cluster flashing in his shirt front, and said, shortly, "Sixty ounces." Jim gave a long whistle, and went out in search of a night's lodging. Our man, who had acquired among his fellow-miners the nickname of "Yankee Jim," had been a sailor before the mast. When the ship's anchor touched the bottom, he with his shipmates started for the "diggings," where he had toiled for two years with varying luck, but finding himself at last in possession of what would be considered a little fo"tune in his native town. We sef aim now return ing, filled with the hope of a happy' meeting with the wife and children he had left behind. Hilt while Yankee Jim slept soundly, and dreamed blissfully of pouring golden eagles into Jane's lap, his destiny was being fulfilled. The great financial storm of 185- burst upon the State unheralded. Like a thief in the night the one fatal word passed over the wires that shut the door of every bank, and made the boldest turn pale. Suspension was followed by panic, panic by ruin and dismay. Yankee Jim was only an atom swallowed up in the general and overwhelming disaster of that day. In the morning he went early to the uitiiK, io una 11 sunt iusi, una an excited and threatening crowd surging to and fro before the doors. Men with haggard faces were talking and gesticulating wildly. "Women were weeping and wringing their hands. A sudden faintness came over him. What could it all mean ? Mustering courage to put the question to a bystander, lie was told to look and read for himself. Two ominous words, "Hank closed," were posted on the front of the building For a moment the poor fellow could not seem to take in the full meaning , of the calamity that had fallen like a thunderbolt from a clear sky; but as it dawned upon him that his little fortune was swept away forever, and with it the hopes that had opened to ! his delighted fancy, the blood rushed to his brain and his face grew purple. 1 Then he fell back in a fit, deprived of 1 sense or motion. The first word he articulated when : he came to himself was "Home." Some l kind souls paid his passage to San 1 Francisco, where the sight of blue water and of big ships gallantly riding ! at their anchors seemed to revive liini 5 a little. Wholly possessed by his one idea of getting home, he shipped on 1 board the next home-bound steamer, J going about his duty like a man half 1 stunned, and who sees, without com- 2 prehending, what is passing around f him. 1 The sailing of a homeward-bound 5 steamship was one of the events of * those days. To say that the whole city * turned out to witness, or rather to as- ( sist at her departure, would hardly be an ( sxaggeration. On board all was bustle 1 ind hilarity. On shore jests and good- * jys popped like champagne corks. c Ihose who were going were the secret s ?nvy of those who were left behind, r n whom this scene aroused that pasiionate, that uncontrollable yearning J "or the old home beyond the mountain * peaks, beyond the seas. t My own knowledge of the chief actor r n this history began at 4 o'clock in the norning of the third day out from !l >ort. The California's engines were ^ suddenly stopped. There was a hur- 1 ied trampling of feet, a rattling of ;i )locks on the deck, succeeded by a dead ^ silence?a silence that could be felt. I c umped out of my berth and ran on x leek. How well I can recall that v scene. a The morning, cold, damp and foggy, v vas an utterly dismal one. A pale iglit struggled through the heavy 2 nist, but it was too thick to see a cable's ? ength from the ship, although we dis- i; inctly heard the rattle of oars at some listance, with now and then a quick d ihout that sent our hearts up into our F nouths. "VVe listened intently. Xo ^ me needed to be told what thuse shouts * neant. t The huge black hulk lay silent and r notionless. Although the gloom hid t from us, the near vicinity of the $ :oast was announced by the roaring of v he surf, distinctly audible in the death- v ike stillness. We could not even " nake out the mastheads for the * 'og in which they seemed dissolving. But in the vessel's .vake stretched a half-luminous streak )f uhosnhorescent foam, until it min-1 *led with and was lost in the colorless \ /apor overhanging the black and tor- n lid sea. Down this luminous track, I: md into the gloom beyond, our eyes \ ivere strained to discover the secret of a :lie hour. i How long it was I cannot tell, for \ ninutes seemed hours then ; but at last \ ive heard the dip of oars, and the boat 1 shot out of the fog within a biscuit's f ;oss of the boat. 1 remember that, as I ihey came alongside, the upturned faces 1 af the men were ghastly and pinched, t Dne glance showed that the search had s jeen in vain. a The boat was secured, the huge pad- c :lles struck the water like clods, the i heavy floating mass swung slowly r round to her helm. But at the instant ; we were turning away, awed by the j mystery of this death scene, a cry 1 came out of the darkness?a yell of i agony and deepest horror?that nailed c lie tn tlio /1or*lr \fn\- T novor Vuj'ir t.lio ' like again. " Save nie! for God's c sake, save me!" pierced through 1 and through the stillness until c a hundred frantic voices seemed t repeating it. The cry was so i near that every eye instinctively turned < to the spot whence it proceeded?so s near that it held all who heard it in i breathless, in sickening suspense. Had 1 the sea really given up its dead ? ( Before one might count ten, the boat i was again manned and clear of the < ship. I recollect the figure of the first officer as he stood erect in the stern- ; sheets, with the tiller ropes in his i hand, peering into the fog. I can ; see the men springing like tigers to i their work, anil the cutter tossing on : the seething brine astern like a chip, i Then the fog shut them from view : aerain. But nevermore was that voice : heard on land or sea. It was the last agonizing shriek of returning consciousness, no doubt, as the Pacific closed over Yankee Jim's head. At eight bells we assembled around the capstan at our captain's call, when the few poor effects of the lost man were produced. Ilis kit contained one or two soiled letters, a daguerreotype of two 1 looming children hand in hand, a piece of crumpled paper and a few articles of clothing. I noticed that while smoothing out the creases in this scrap of paper the captain became deeply attentive, then thoughtful, then very red. Clearing his throat, he began as follows: " It's an old sea custom to sell by auction the kit of a shipmate who dies on blue water. Yoil all know it's a custom of the land to search for the last will of a deceased friend as soon as the funeral is over. The man we lost this morning shipped by Ids fo'castle or sea name?a very common thing among sailors ; but I've just found out his true one since I stood on this spot; and, what's more, I found out that he had been in trouble. An idea .strikes me right here that he found it tc#> heavy for him. God knows. Hut it's more to tin; point that he left a wife and two children, whose sole dependence he was. Gentlemen and mates, take off your hats while I read you this letter." The letter, which bore evidence of having been read and read again, ran as follows: "Oh, James! anil are you really coming home, and with such a lot of money, too? Oh, I can't believe it all! IIow happy we shall be once more! Ic makes me feel just like a young girl again, when you and I used to roam in the berry pastures hand in hand, and never coveted anything in the wide world but to be together. You haven't forgot that, my lad, have you ? or the old cedar on the cliff where you asked me for your own wife, and the heaven over us and the sea at our feet, all so beautiful, and we so happy? Do come quick. Surely God has helped me to wait all this long weary time, but now it seems as if I couldn't bear it another day. And the little boy, James, just your image ; it's all he can say,4 Papa, come home.' IIow can you have the heart to stay in that wicked place?" When he had finished, some of the lady passengers were crying softly. He then read the fatal certificate of deposit, holding it up so that all might see. "Xow, ladies and gentlemen," he went on, "you've heard the story and fan put this and that together. "When we get to Panama I am going to write a letter to the widow. It's for you to say what kind of a letter it shall be. That's why I've asked you here. Xow, purser, put up the certificate of deposit." " IIow much am I offered?how much?" said the purser. Ten, twenty, forty, fifty dollars were quickly bid. Then a woman's voice said seventy, and then the bidding ran up to a hundred and fifty. It was knocked down to a red-shirted miner, who laid three $50 pieces on the capstan, saying as lie did so, "'Taint half enough,* Cap ; sell her agin?sell her agin!" The sale went on. each buyer jnittincr the certificate up for sale again, until the noble emulation covered the capstan with gold. "Stop a bit, purser," said Captain M?, counting the money. "That will do," he continued ; " the sale is over. Ilere are just $2,000. The certificate of deposit is redeemed." Facts About Stoves. In the manufacture of stoves the patterns cut a very important figure in the'1 column of expenses. The wood iind iron patterns cost about tlie same; and the total cost of a wood and iron pattern for a stove of any one size is about $1,000. Sometimes they cost a ejood deal less and sometimes more. [)ne manufacturer in thiscitv, says the Age <?/Steel, published at St. Louis, has i set of patterns for a stove of three sizes which cost him $G,000. The 'life" of a pattern used to be longer ;han it is now. Twenty-five years igo a certain style or make would last about ten or fifteen rears before it became obsolete ; now ityles change more frequently, and the ife of a pattern is, accordingly, much shorter. The desire of customers for itoves of new styles and bright and 'aiicy finish has necessitated a greater xpenditure for patterns, larger stocks )f them, and a more profuse use of lickel plate. The result of all this has jeen disastrous to large profits. A piarter of a century ago sixty and eventy per cent, profits were as easily ealized by the manufacturer as thirty md thirty-five per cent, are now. Then i comparatively small number of patems would answer for the largest esablishment; now several hundred are equircd. .Stoves turned out by Western wonts ire heavier by some fifty pounds than eastern stoves, owing to their having arger flues and thicker plates. Flues ire made large on the Western stove on iccount of the general use of bituminius co;d in the West. A small flue I'ould soon choke up, and the stove vould be unserviceable. In the East, .nthracite coal is largely used, for I'hich reason the flues are made small. As an illustration of the extravagance of Ismail Pasha, the predecessor f Tewiik Pasha, it is related thathavng learned that Lord Napier, of Mag. ala, was to pass a few days at Cairo, he [etermined to entertain him. All his lalaces were occupied at the time by revives and distinguished foreigners, but his fact was not allowed to stand in he way. The khedive ordered a esidence to be bought and furnished vithin twelve hours. The cost was 150,000. Blood horses and carriages i-ere in the mews. Dozens of servants rere in attendance, and under pain of logging they were ordered not to ask or backshish. Captaiu Against Midshipmen. Commodore Pliilps, in the United Service, tells the following story of a irar waged between a captain and the nidshipmen under him: OntheColumius were twenty midshipmen against vhoin Captain " William A. Spencer ippeared to wage an incessant war, or t may have been the midshipmen vaged war against the captain. Any vav, a chronic war existed, and the atter, owing principally to his anxiety or their suppression, appeared to make >ut little headway against this turbuent element, acting like so many horns in his side, and therefore contantly placed himself in positions from vhich lie was forced to retreat wlieniver his enemies appealed to the comnander-in-chief, which they were by 10 means tardy in doing on discovering in opportunity where success seemed jossible. As time passed, matters grew rom bad to worse, until a climax was eached on the occasion of a large party >f the nobility visiting the squadron, ind when on the liag-ship, among )ther amusements for tlieir entertainnent, the captain conceived the idea >f exhibiting his midshipmen in ;he guise of boatmen, and immediltely sent fifteen of their number, together with two seamen to act as stroke oarsmen, into the "barge," with instructions to "pull around the harbor and let the ladies see what they ould do." A few minutes after the quests had been escorted to the poopleck, where they would have a better view, the "barge" appeared in sight millriil liv flin oo^inion norpliwil nr? L *V V"V V" " the forward thwart, and elevated nbove the water to a degree that the oar-blades could with difficulty be made to touch the surface, owing to those fifteen blessed midshipmen being stowed comfortably away in the sternsheets and apparently enjoying their "pull." "An angry man ye may opine was Captain Spencer, and something more than wroth" when that aquatic party met his eyes, and, forgetful of the august party honoring him with their presence, he stamped the deck, pulled his hair, and made use of hearty expressions not found in prayer-books, and finally ordered the barge's recall to be made; but the conscientious young gentlemen continued their pleasure voyage, unmindful of the bunting flying at the mi/.zen-truck. pulling first around one ship and then around ilUUllll'I, till CVJUfU \ 1UW to all, until exhaustion in the motive power warned them to return to the ship, and to confinement under the " hatches," where, in an explanatory letter to accompany another reporting them for "disrespect to their commander and disobedience of orders," they modestly offered in excuse that under the commodore's order " forbidding the barge to be used for any purpose whatever other than for his own personal service," pulling in that particular boat would have contravened the positive order of their commanderin-chief and exhibited contempt for his oflice ; therefore they preferred to excite their respected captain's ire rather than his. Captain Spencer, for prudence's sake, withheld both reports, and ere he could accomplish a satisfactory vengeance the death of a nephew, Midshipman Philip Spencer, executed on the United States brig Soiners, December 1, 1843, for mutinv, caused his retirement from tho command, and on December 9, 1843, he resigned his commission and left the service. Two rival belles lit an evening party were seated in the conservatory with their respective cavaliers enjoying their supper. The gas was turned down somewhat, its it should he in a conservatory at an evening party. "Mj dear Julia," said one of the fascinating creatures, "how beautiful your conr plexion is?in this dim light!" "Oh thank you," responded her rival, " and how lovely you look in the dark !"? Rochester Express. When there is much pretention mucl has been borrowed; nature never pre tends. WISE WORDS. It is a crime 1 o consider any wickedness a sign of ability. Discontent is the want of self-reli ance; it is the infirmity of will. A passionate reproof is like a medicine given scalding hot; the patient cannot take it. Pack your cares in as small compass as you can, so that you can carry them yourself and not let them annoy others. No man is more nobly born than another unless he is born with better abilities and a more amiable disposition. Be not diverted from your duty by any idle reflections the silly world may | make upon you, for their censures are not in your power and consequently should not he any part of your concern. Let us then twine each thread of the glorious tissue of our country's Hag about our heart-strings; let us resolve, come weal or woe, we will in life and in death, uow and forever, stand by the Stars and the Stripes. It may be proper for all to remember that they ought not to raise the expectations which it is not in their power to satisfy; and that it is more pleasing to see smoke brightening into flame than flame sinking into smoke. Hope and daring will not accomplish a great deal unless toil is their handmaid. Duties and toil may not be sought; they are always near at hand, if our eyes will only see them. Well directed toil will insure success in every walk of life, high or low. "What sculpture ia to a block of marble, education Is to a human soul. The philosopher, the saint and the hero, the wise, the good and the great man, very often lie hid and concealed in a plebeian, whiun a proper education might have disinterred and brought to light. Insect Life Underneath the Ponds. A Litchtield (Conn.) correspondent of the New York Eceninr/ Post, de scribing the appearance of the ponds in that vicinity in winter, says: Even more striking than the diversity of plant life is the marvelous range of insect existence to be found in the winter weeds of our ponds. Cut a small hole through the ice, and the familiar phenomenon of a sunbeam passing through the dust of a room-is repeated. Like the sunbeam this watery ray is filled with motes, and a closer view shows them to be darting organisms so small that only movement can be distinguished. The most curious of the many creatures of large size that live in the weeds is one that can probably be found by thousands in the winter vegetation of almost any New England pond. It is a larva about an incli in length, and twice the diameter of a match, fitted on the body with hairlike appendages, and near the head with a lively set of organs which seem partly legs, partly feelers. This strange creature lives like a human being, in a wooden house. You see what seems to be a hollow twig two or three inches long lying quietly on the bottom. Presently the twig begins to stir. Then there protrudes a head and feelers with which the singular fellow begins to climb from one blade of water-grass to another, dragging painfully after him his wooden habitation held by his tail within. The relation in size between the two is about that of a common house fly to a cigarette. When alarmed the creature snaps back its head and feelers into its wooden case and sinks to the bottom, where the sharpest eye cannot distinguish it from a twig. IIow subtle must be the instinct that prompts this low organism thus to protect itself from its foes, and, scientifically speaking, adapt itself to its environment! T Jl ...UK ? tifAAilfin OjIIyc liiciiirwim v> ilil <i ? wunvrn uumivution in life, so, in case of sudden death, it is conveniently furnished with a wooden coffin. For along time after first seeingthe odd creature I supposed its wooden house to have been formed by eating the pith from a twig. But after catching a specimen and dissecting its home I found that it was built from sections of thin wooden tubing, which the inmate had cemented together so nicely that the fibers would part at the original wood before they would separate at the joints. That these joints were artificially made was proved afterward by the discovery of a specimen of the creature that had selected line green bark for two sections of its tubing, and was dragging about a variegated house colored green and dark in alternate parts. Closely related to the foregoing larva is another curious fellow, smaller in size and somewhat like a grub, that can be seen by hundreds under the black ice. This species builds up around its body a structure of small round leaves, undoubtedly gathered from some of the smaller water plants. When its house is finished the stiucture looks precisely in form and size like one of the hops of commerce. Where Ulti Slflll JU1U3 LilC IlUjJ in, 111 l/llio V.IHIture's habitation, a hole whence the larva projects its head and feelers. With a dwelling twenty times its own hulk, this larva makes slow progress, though it can both swim and crawl along on plants. It seems to delight in rising to the under surface of the ice, and, when touched with a stick, by some occult process it drops swiftly to the bottom, where, inverting its house it grasps the grassy filaments, thus keeping its head protected and closing the entrance of its domicile. In several specimens I have found that the entrance was strengthened by four little beams of wood laid in a perfect square, and serving exactly the purpose for which men brace up the earth or rock at the entrance of a tunnel. .Still another, but much rarer, winter inhabitant of our ponds is green in color, sharp at both ends, and* about twice the size of a mosquito. Just behind the head he is equipped with flippers, each about two-thirds the length of the body. These flippers he uses as the bird docs its wings, darting his body forward with a series of convulsive jerks. Fiddles in Politics. The lion. L L. Taylor, of Tennessee, the "boy member" of the Fortysixth Congress, is often said to hav e fiddled his way into oflice. But Mr. Taylor is not the only man who lias made that instrument a potent political factor. Mr. Thomas Watson, a leading member of the Georgia legislature, attributes his election thereto. "I have," lie says, " the best and most intelligent constituency in the State. My opponent was a good man, but he couldn't fiddle, and you should have seen the look of silent despair on his " 1 - - -A. 1 - ? i-T- ~ I ace as ne siooti m ?i uumur ui uic room, while I sat on a box and made my old fiddle talk. I made it a rule to get every girl lo promise to make her partner in the reel agree to vote for nie before she would dance with him. The best vote-making tune that ever came out of a fiddle is 'Mississippi Sawyer.'" Mr. Ueck, another member of the Georgia legislature, also de, pended upon the fiddle, but his constituency was a solemn one, and de. manded grave tunes. " If," he says, [ "you've got the right motion to your > elbow, and the right twist to your p fingers, and good resin on your bow, f you ought to get every vote in a [ crowd." [ The champion glutton has been found in Mountain Grove, Wright county, Mo. Three witnesses testify to the fact that the said gormandizer ate, in quick succession, seven cans of 1 oysters, two cans of salmon, thirty - cents' worth of cheese and fifteen cents' worth of crackersi PAPER MAKING. An lutcrcHtlng Nkctch or One of the Most Useful of Art*. In a review oi" a recent work?J. E. A. Smith's " History of Paper Milking"?the New York Sun says: If the term paper, in the narrow sense, is limited to a material manufacturer of rags or other vegetable liber reduced to a pulp, there can be no doubt that the credit of the invention belongs to the Chinese. According to some historians it was made in China as early as the year 15G 15. C., while according to others the introduction of the fabric should not be placed earlier than the year 200 of our era. It is undisputed that four kinds of paper have been made in China since the later of these dates, and from that time to our own there has been but little change in the processes of manufacture. These naners are known as rice, silk, bamboo and bark. The first is made from the pith of a leguminous plant, imported from India and from the island of Formosa. The pith, having been prepared of the length desired for the sheet, is cut in a thin slice, 'which is then flattened, pressed and dried. This delicate material, which is used for writing and printing, as well ;is for painting, gets its name not from the substance of which it is composed, but from the sizing of rice water which it receives. The so-called silk paper of China is also a misnomer, for it is made from cotton and linen rags, hemp, unmanufactured cotton and the like, sometimes mingled with wood pulp and bamboo pulp, and possibly with a little silk. But silk rags could not by themselves be reduced to pulp suitable for making paper. The rags, cotton and hemp are prepared by being cut and well washed; they are then bleached, and by a maceration of twelve days' duration are converted into a pulp. Tiiis is made into balls weighing about four pounds, which, after being saturated with water, are spread upon a frame with reeds, and pressed under heavy weights. The drying is completed by hanging the sheets upon the wall of a room and the process is finished by coating them Willi a gum sizing, una poiisinug uiem with some smooth hard substance. The sheets of this so-called silk paper, which, as we have seen, is mainly cotton paper, are sometimes of very large dimensions, reaching, for example, twelve feet in length and in breadth. Of the so-called bark paper we need only say that it is made from the inner bark of the smaller branches of a variety of the mulberry tree. This, bark is wrought into a pulp, and then I molded into sheets, which, after compression and drying, form a material which will take ink, though it is even more delicate than the "rice paper." The bamboo paper, as the name implies, is made from the fiber of the bamboo plant reduced to a pulp, which is formed into sheets and subsequently compressed and dried. The art of paper making spread from China throughout Central Asia, and it was found there about the beginning of the eighth century by the Saracens, who brought it to Spain. The material chiefly used by the Spanish Moors was raw cotton, anil the manufactured prod uct was accordingly yellow and brittle ; but about the close of the eleventli century some Christian Spaniards, who had learned the art of paper making, substituted cotton rags, and not long afterward made the further improvement of stamping the rags into a pulp by water power. By the close of the twelfth century cotton paper had come into general use in Southern and Western Europe, but as it was then made it did not possess sufficient strength or solidity for many purposes, and by the close of the fourteenth century it was almost entirely superseded by paper made of hemp and linen rags. It was the introduction of this strong, and yet reasonably cheap, linen paper which gave a powerful impulse to the introduction of -printing by means of movable types. Although it is known that a paper mill existed in England toward the close of the fifteenth century?there is, indeed, some evidence of paper making there as" early as the beginning of the fourteenth ?it was long before the manu~ in f1m ldnnrl r?f IclUtUIU 11U141 lOU^Vl 111 wiv HMUUU v<. Great Britain, and it was not until 1090 that some Huguenot refugees who had settled in England began the manufacture of white writing paper. Nor was it until the close of the eighteenth century that the English fabrics were equal to those of the continent. The first paper mill in America was established in 1G90 by William Rettinghuysen (anglicized into Rittenhouse) and William Bradford on a small stream near Philadelphia, still called Paper Mill ltun. The second paper mill in the United States was built atCrefeld, now a part of Germantown, and in 1728 the third paper mill in Pennsylvania was was erected by some apprentices of Rittenhouse. By 1770 ther<j were in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware?then the chief seats of the paper manufacture?forty mills, whose annual product was valued at $350,000. Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut had five paper mills between them, and in New York there were at least two. Before the Revolutionary war American paper was usually made of linen rags. Every household in the Northern colonies then spun and wove linen from the fiax grown upon almost every farm, and it was used for the purposes for which cotton is now chiefly employed. After the Revolution paper mills multiplied, and at present the number of paper and pulp factories in the United States is 1,040. The principal seat of the American paper manufacture is now in the four western counties of Mas u n *?A/?J/?n ntflwujn firm rich in rr ' made to go to me noiy v, nj, pi.ij u,ui ' against its walls and return in a given . time. Melons in Europe. > "Watermelons, as we know them, and canteloupes, as we eat them, are unknown on the other side of the water, where they provide instead a muskmelon which looks like an altered 5 p impkin, and tastes much like a raw , pumpkin. As to the darns, they are - unknown in Europe, and the only i" oysters I found there in summer were - American products, which had been i put down in the waters of Holland and b Ireland, and were literally scared into r bitter water, the fleshy part of the r animal seeming to be the tear of a - banished elephant. Yet for such r things two shillings a dozen were t charged.?George Alfred Townsend. ? A correspondent wants to know (j "what man is principally made of?" 0 In nine cases out of ten he is principally made of brass,?Philadelphia Item% SUCHU3Ca ll-yiwu " "WU cities and towns ara largely dependent on this industry for their prosperity. A Strange Discovery. Foley Abbott left the Pilgrim mine in Beaver Gulch, Idaho, the other day, to explore the steep mountain opposite, and came upon an opening in the side of tho hill which he investigated. Making a torch of pine lie went into the place, and after passsing through a long, narrow passage found himself in a large chamber with a smooth floor, perfectly dry and lighted by a brilliant llamein the center of the room. lie approached the light cautiously and found to his unbounded amazement that the llame issued from the mouth of an image of a man made of what appeared to he silver, roughly formed. Mr. Abbott suspects that the workers of this crude statuary had discovered a gas jet in the rock and that there is communication down through the body to the rock through which the gas Hows perpetually, indicating an abundant supply of petroleum under the mountain. There were a few hieroglyphics, which Mr. Abbott could not decipher, on the walls, and in one corner, a very large human skeleton with a stone tomahawk and mortar lying near. Babbling Women. A law of Virginia passed in tin year 1662 as follows: " Whereas many babbling woipen slander seanda lize their Neighbors, which their pool Husbands are often solved in charge able and vexations Suits and cast ir great Damages: Be it enacted, Thai in Actions of Slander occasioned ty the Wife, after Judgement passed fo: the Damages the Women shall be pun islied by Ducking; and if the Slande be so enormous as to be adjudged a greater Damages than Five llundrei ^ Pounds of Tobacco, then the woman t suffer a ducking for each Five Hun dred Founds of Tobacco adjudge against her Husband if he refuses t pay the T?bacco." Venomous Snakes. Venomous snakes are those which have two hollow teeth in the upper jaw through which tliey eject poison into the wound made by their bite. The great majority of snakes are not venomous, but nevertheless there are more venomous snakes in the world than most men really require. There are two classes of venomous snakes?those whose bite is certain death, those whose bite can be cured. The only venomous snake inhabiting Europe is the viper, but its bite is seldom fatal. In the United States, with the possible exception of New Mexico and Arizona, there are only three venomous snakes?the rattlesnake, the copperhead and the moccasin. All our other snakes are liarm| less. In some places the copperhead is known as the flat-headed adder, but the other species of snakes, to which the name "adder" is often given by country people, are as harmless as the pretty little garter snake. Central and South America have many venomous snakes whose bite is always fatal. Among these the best known are the coral snake, the tuboba and the dama blanca. A British naval vessel, on its way up a South American river a few years ago, anchored for the night, and a number of the oflicers thought they would go ashore and sleep in a deserted shanty that stood on the bank, where they fancied that the air would be cooler than it was on board the vessel. When they reached the shanty one of them said he thought he would go back to the ship, and all the others, with one exception, said they would follow him. The officer who determined to stay swung his Jiammock from the beams of the roof, and was soon asleep. lie woke early in the morning, and, to his horror, found that three snakes were sleeping on his body, and that others were hanging from the rafters or gliding over the floor. He recognized among them snakes whose bite meant death within an hour or two, and he did not dare to move a finger. He lay in his hammock until the sun grew warm and the snakes glided back to their holes. Ilis companions had noticed that the place looked as if it was infested with snakes, but had cruelly refrained from warning him. The ofiicer wafl one of the bravest men that ever lived, but he could never speak of his right among the snakes without a shudder. In one of the "West India islands? Martinique?there is a snake called the lance-headed viper, which is almost as deadly as the coral snake. The East f Indies are full of venomous snakes and in British India nearly 20,000 persons are killed every year by snake bites. Of the East Indian snakes whose bite is incurable the cobra is the most numerous, but the diamond snake, the tubora and the ophiophagus are also the cause of a great many deaths. The British government has offered a large reward for the discovery of an antidote to the poison of the cobra, but no one has yet been able to claim it. Africa, like all tropical countries, lias many species of venomous snakes. The horned cerastes is the snake from ?i z-'i 4._? Uaim wiiusl" mie wt'ujium u 1.1 win ^ died, and from its small size and its habit of burying itself all but its head in the sand, it is peculiarly dreaded by the natives. The ugliest of these snakes is the great puft'-adder, which often grows to the length of five or six feet, and whose poison is used by the natives in making poisoned arrows. It is a very curious fact that the poison of venomous snakes cannot be distinguished by the chemist from the white of an egg. And yet one kind of snake poison will produce an effect entirely unlike that produced by another kind. The blood of an animal bitten by a cobra is decomposed and turned into a thin, watery, strawcolored fluid, while the blood of an animal bitten by a coral snake is solidified, and looks very much like currant jelly. Nevertheless, the poison ot the cobra and that of the coral snake seem to be precisely alike when analyzed by the chemist, and are apparently composed of the white of an egg.?Harper's Young People. The "Bucks."* Foremost in reckless eccentricity and violence in Ireland eighty years ago were the "Bucks," or lighting dandies. Their favorite amusement; was to cut off the ends of their scabbards in order that the point or tue sworn mignt protrude, so (is to be able to prick ail adversary without kil'ir.g him. More than one dilatory barber was, it is said, put to death by the Dublin Bucks for not keeping his appointment. In the coffee houses, they drew oil you if you touched their coat, and sometimes almost for looking at them. In 1784 six Bucks (a lord, two colonels, and three aides-de-camp of the lord lieutenant), were returning home along Ormond Quay, Dublin, Hushed with wine after a party at the attorney-general's, when they suddenly resolved to go to a public house kept by a man named Flattery, and "sweat" him, that is, make him give up his firearms. They first pinked the waiter, then insulted the landlady; and on the landlord knocking one of the fellows ' An tho ClOWU IrllCJ ULUH l/iiirii onviuoi vu vnv landlord arming liimself with a gun, and clearing the house, the Bucks led on some soldiers to sack the place, which they would have done had not some volunteers come to the aid of the sheriff and quelled the riot. The Bucks, however, being of high rank, the Duke of Rutland did not even order the arrest of the offenders. An insolent Buck was one? trailing his morngown (hut tins story is of an earlier date) at Lucas', a fashionable coffee-house at Dublin, near the Royal exchange, when a quiet man, crossing the.room for a newspaper, happened to tread on the train of the dandy, who instantly flashed out his sword and drove the offender to the nearest wall. But as the bully drew back to make a savage and deadly lunge, the mild man, in the agony of despair, drew a small ornamental tuck that lie wore merely for ornament, sprang on one side of the point, and stabbed the "l'inkindandic" to the heart. The less ferocious Bucks were ex-1 travagantly silly. They perpetrated all tlie more preposterous of the chivalric absurdities, ignoring altogether the knightly ideal of selfsacrilice and honor. Seeing the beautiful Duchess of Rutland dip her hands into a finger-glass after dinner, Colonel St. Legar seized the glass and drained its contents. " You will have another 1 treat to-night, Sallenger," laughed the good-natured duke, "for her grace 1 washes her feet after supper." Another Buck earned the sobriquee 1 of "Jerusalem Whaley," by a bet ht ? Si'-*.- -1 t%?ll FOR THE LADIES. News and Notes for Women. Miss Jennie Jackson, daughter of Collector of Internal Revenue Jackson, of the Twenty-third district, is assistant cashier of the Apollo Savings bank, Apollo, Pa. Mrs. Catharine Scales is known in St. Louis as the "mother of the public schools." She has taught steadily for thirty-six years, and estimates that her pupils have numbered about 30,000. Mrs. Lillie E. Wood, of Hartford, has written all of the first chapter of Genesis within a circle the size of a quarter of a dollar, winning a prize of $20 offered by a Philadelphia newspaper. A Syracuse servant girl collected her wages from the hotel proprietor by standing with a knife and a cleaver over th?. baked meats prepared for dinner and refusing to allow anybody to carve. 'I'hn /wlrtt. m 11 air nf ivliw.li tlio J- lit; l/UUi Ul illUOA) UJ. IT iUVyii VUV Empress Josephine was very fond, still clings to her boudoir at Malmai- ' son, though the walls, ceilings and j floors have been scraped and cleaned ! and the apartments fumigated repeat- 1 edly. The Empress Josephine died in ' 1814. j The Oregon legislature meets once ] in two years. In 1880 it passed a bill to submit to the voters an amendment j to the State constitution granting full suffrage to women. This year it has ratified its former action by a vote of twenty-one to seven in the senate, and forty-seven to nine in the house. At a recent wedding in England the bride wore a wreath of orange bios- < soms and white jessamines and carried \ a bouquet of white orchids,- roses and \ camellias. The bridemaids, in red i plush, trimmed with marabout plumes, i carried bouquets of red dahlias, camel- , Iiss and Roman hyacinths. The groom ] wore a fine gardenia, and the ushers ] tuberoses and myrtle. 1 A Paris actress avers that each per- j fume has its special moral and physical i qualities, which?so far as her observa- ] tions have gone?she states as follows: i Musk predisposes to sensibility and i amiability; rose, to audacity, avarice ] and pride; geranium, to tenderness ; j violet, to mysticism and piety; ben- j zoin, to dreams, poetry and incon- i stancy; mint and verbena, to a taste ] for the beautiful arts; camphor, to stupidity and brutality ; Russia leather, < to indolence ; while ylang-ylang is the < most rtnruTfirous of all. i ( Faflhlou Note*. j Pin-head checks in wool fabrics are j ro ch worn. , "VVooi brocades trim many suits of ] plain wool. Fur-lined circulars never go entirely 1 out of fashion. i Tournures are becoming a feature in j Paris fiishions. < Largt> bonnets increase in height, ! but not in width. - j The small capote looks more like a baby's cap than ever. ! Velvet is the favorite millinery and j trimming material this winter. j There is a disposition to revive the ] old-fashioned gathered skirt. 1 Pink feathers on brown bonnets 1 green plumage on red bonnets and sil- 1 ver-powdered black ostricli tips on 1 hlafk bonnets, are the stylish contrasts in millinery. i Black monkey skins with long hair ] natural brown beaver of light shade ' dark sealskin and the long lleecy black ' fox are the fashionable materials for ( closely-fitted pelerine capes wofn by ] young girls. 1 A quaint freak of fashion is to j fasten velvet standing collars on tlie left side with a bow of ribbon. Bui- ] lion or gilt soutache trims these velvet collars, and a figured lace frill edges , them at the top. '{ The most fashionable jet bonnets are ! those formed of row upon row of jet beads of the same size finely cut and ( as large as the end of a lady's linger, j Those in fanciful designs of jetted lace ; are no longer stylish. The handsomest velvet costumes 1 have plain velvet for the basque, the : front and back draperies of the skirt and the sleeves, while the side panels , covering the whole side breadths are of the richest brocaded velvet. Very young ladies are again wearing ' their back hair in three or four large , curls held in place by a comb. School- | girls continue to wear theirs in two braids crimped at the ends, and tied with ribbon, or in a neat French twist, i when old enough for such a style. Stylish military redingotes of dark blue cloth have the standing collar, pockets, cuffs and double-breasted front trimmed with silver braid in Roman designs. Down the back of the skirts is set a double row of large silver buttons, in designs of old Roman medallions. Buttons may almost be classed among the luxuries of dress. In point of elegance and in the matter of price they have never been excelled. Among the novel styles are those of gold or silver, set with mock gems in moresque or fiorentine designs. These are models of art and beauty. They would also be models of extravagance were it not for the fact that they will never tarnish, being of the genuine metal. They can therefore be transferred from one costume to another, until they have " paid for themselves." Another beautiful style of button is a cut jet, in mosaic designs, with monogram or crest of semi-precious stones in tlie center. These stones may be of any color, so that the hue accords with that of the costume. SCIENTIFIC NOTES. Man, the goat and the wild carnivora are the only animals capable of resisting the tsetse fly of Africa. I M. Daubree advances the opinion that earthquakes have probably their maximum rate of occurrence at the new and full moon and their minimum at the intermediate quarters of the lunation. Professor F. Jenkin remarks that it is generally supposed that electricity will supersede steam, but what has thus far happened is mat ine worn m the engines is employed to produce electricity, while electricity affords us the best means yet discovered for distributing power. The total eclipse of May 0 will constitute the important astronomical event of 1883. At the points of greatest duration this eclipse will be total for nearly six minutes, but, unfortu nately for observers, the central line falls entirely over the South' Pacific and touches land only in a small coral island. George Stevenson and James Watt are to have statues, modeled by Professor Keil and executed by Ilerr Hock, in the Polytechnic school at Charlottenburg, Prussia. It will prove a far from unprofitable exercise for young and enthusiastic minds to ponder over what a wonderful revolution in motion and locomotion these two men produced in the world and how much different life and its conditions would be if these men, or some men like them, had never lived or given to the world the results of their thoughts and experiments. I The new permanent station for the signal service at Pike's Peak, Col., has -x 1 *1. 1 no ,,-<,11 .,Q ill UCCI1 IbU, CIO niu HK> the construction of a telegraph line to connect the station at the summit of the mountain with the world below. The signal station is 14,000 feei above sea level and 6,000 feet above Colorado Springs, and is constructed of granite laid in cement, to resist the furious storms of that locality. THE FARM AND HOUSEHOLD. Dampness. It would be well for breeders of poulty, as well ?y* of minor live stock, to use every precaution to escape the consequences arising from dampness, which is prevalent during fall and winter. Not merely should the poultry buildings be made rain and wind proof, but the fowls should not be permitted to go out when the weather is inclement, at least only for a short time. The food, too, should be fed under cover, and not thrown anywhere on the damp ground or on the snow, as far too many fanners do, through carelessness or nfeglect. Some of the most troublesome and langerous diseases to which poultry are subject are caused, directly, or mlirectly by dampness, and to attempt to cure the troubles without removing the causes is worse than foolishntss. To secure the necessary degree of healthiness and freedom from dampness in the house, the floor should be raised several inches above the outside soil, if it is a dirt iloor, and if it be a plank or Doard floor, it should be some eighteen nches above the ground, to allow a free circulation of air underneath. If the paids lay low, they must be made liglier than the ground on the outside jy idling up with gravel or coarse sand, though the best plan is to invariably select high ground for the poultry yards and buildings to secure irainage and freedom from dampness. ?Poultry Monthly. The Botfl. " A diseased condition of the horse )T ox is produced by the irritation of the botfly or the gadfly (oestrus) through its attacks upon the skin and the presence of its larvae in the intestines," says the Syracuse Conner. "The common gad fly of the horse attacks liim late in summer, not for the purpose of living on his blood, but in order bo deposit its eggs on his hair, and especially the hair of those parts of the body which the horse can reach with [lis mouth. When he licks his coat the moisture and warmth of the saliva aid in hatching the eggs, and the small maggots within them are transferred to the mouth and next to the stomach Virwein 4"Koir I aliu. IJUWCia Ui bUC uuioc, uiiuc i [irmly fasten themselves by strong iiooks with which their heads are provided. After attaining a certain period }f growth they loosen their hold, are nvept away with the fences and deposited on the ground, which they jnter and then undergo the necessary transformations to become the perfect iiy. In the form of botworm they usually pass the fall and winter in the tiorse's body, about eight months in all. Very many symptoms are attributed to jots, and that occasionally, especially In underfed horses, they cause great, general and local irritation there is no loubt, but it is not possible to point out my one single system which positively proves their presence. They lead at times ;o colic, indigestion, irritation of the mus, and also to staggers, fits or convulsions. which, if thev occur in win ter, without other assignable reason, in a horse somewhat out of condition, may fairly be laid to the charge of the bots. But, probably in most cases, these parasites do no harm. The preventive treatment is by cutting the hair close in those parts of the body which the gad lly selects, and keeping it smeared, in the late summer and late autumn, with a tar or turpentine ointment. Internally, give a handful 3f fresh unbleached wood ashes once ?r twice a week in the feed. To remove the bots when once lodged in the intestines the following should be ?iven on an empty stomach every morning for three or four days : Powdered aloes 1% ounce Powdered assafetida 1% ounce Mix in hot water and when cold ldd: !)il of turpentine 1 ounce Sulphuric ether 1 ounce Give in gruel and linseed tea as a lrench. This same is also a useful prescription for destroying tape worm ind other worms in the horse. Professor Gamgee's prescription for bots is: Powdered assafetida 2 dram3 Powdered savin 1^ drams Calomel 13^ drams Dil of male shield fern 30 drops Give as a ball, made up with molasses and linseed, at night, and follow with an aloes purge the next morning. Still another plan is to give for three or four mornings a quarter of an ounce of sulphate of copper, made into a ball, and followed with a purgaHve rinsp of nines, reneatincr this mcdi cation after a week's interval. Farm nod Garden Notes. Toads are valuable in a garden, but destructive in an apiary, as they devour the bees. Potatoes, when dug in an unripe state, may be at times watery and not fit to eat, but if spread as thinly as possible in a dry, airy place, they will in time become as mealy as if left to ripen on the ground. Select the finest tubers when harvesting the crop and put them aside for next spring's planting. Following this rule for a few seasons will produce a great improvement in the quality of your potatoes. The most general cause of sicknef-s among hogs is indigestion. For this care in feeding will be the best preventive. Guard against a surfeit ot new corn and overfeeding generally. Be regular with their meals, and occasionally mix a handful of wood ashes, charcoal and sulphur with their food. Milk fever is produced by any cause that interferes with the condition of the cow after calving. Nervous excitement, exposure or undue exercise is sufficient to bring on an attack, and Tho snfpst trpiitnipnt. iCCU>Ult) lO liuc* is to j lace the cow in a quiet, retired place a day or two before calving, nursing her well and until the calf is a week old. .V bin for keeping potatoes may be made of narrow strips, with a space between them, and having legs to raise it above the cellar bottom. It may be made of any desired length, and cross-boards may be put in to separate varieties if preferred. An arrangement of this kind will prevent injury from dampness and provide thorough ventilation. Poultry manure is nearly equal to guano, and the value of the quantity annually derived from a single fowl is about fifty cents, fully one-half the cost of the feed. Five hens will make about one barrel of manure, and on farms where large numbers of poultry are kept the importance of this fact should not be overlooked. Every ounce should be saved. A correspondent of the Country Gentleman takes a sensible view of the value of large or small potatoes for seed. Ilis opinion is that there is no difference in any respect, except the ? A-A -T fact that the large potatoes lurinsn more nourishment to the young plants at the beginning. For sandy soils he recommends the planting of whole tubers without cutting, afterward thinning out all the plants in the hill to a single one. An Illinois farmer gives the following directions for curing galled shoulders in horses, and says that it is infallible: Take the leather and burr it to a crisp; rub the bone on the galled part. A few applications will effect a perfect cure. A new wort horse put to the plow this spring re ceived several galls on both shoulders A few applications of the burnt leathei made them as sound as if never in jural, and no scar is now seen. Mr. Julius Harris, of Ilidgway, X Y., has twenty-five acres of peach or chard, which he plows early in thi spring, then cultivates freely and thor' ; A oughly with a spring tooth harrow aSy^jfl long as he can drive through the or- -rjH chard without injuring the fruit, rolls .-jB it thoroughly, and when dry rolls it . both ways; manures once in three V years at the rate of six cords of common barnyard manure to the acre, trims the trees each spring and thins the fruit when about the size of chest- :, nuts. For results he has four good;|JB crops out of five years, with one small >:* crop the fifth year. S A correspondent of the Country|||j| fleiitlemnr) (rivoa ihp fnUnwiinr method. for curing a horse of the habit of cribbing, and says it is almost always successful for young horses and Jjfl sometimes for old ones: Get soihe cayenne pepper (red pepper pods will do) and make a strong JaB pepper tea. Wash the stall, manger and feed box thoroughly with the tea 'js.jj boiled down strong; also wash the .9 neck yoke and wagon or sleigh tongue if driving the horse daily. Do this fl once a week for several weeks, and if it is a young horse it will most likely cure him. A good many old ones have ' also been cured. Household Hint*. I How to Mend China.?Should the I china be of a dark color, or any color . but white, it can easily be repaired by placing a little shellac on the joint and holding it to a lighted candle. The flame melts the shellac and forms a I strong cement. The detached portions of the china must be kept close to gether for a few minutes, until the joint becomes hard. H IIow to Skin Rabbits, Hakes and Squirrels.?Cut the skin of all the legs in a circle around the joint near- B est the feet, and cut off the forefeet. Sym Then cut the skin of the hind-legs in- .? side the legs from the feet to the tail; flj loosen the skin, and turn it back untiL /.aM it is quite removed from the hind legs; next tie the hind legs together and hang the carcass up by them; now pull the skin downward toward the Z%M head, slipping out the fore legs when they are reached ; when the neck is I reached either cut off the head with the skin attached to it, or leave it on the body and continue to pull the skin downward until the nose is reached'.}'$1 cut oifthe end of the nose. As the ; head is considered a delicacy by s^m? persons, it is generally cooked with thtt. :'.g9 rest of the carcass. After the skin has been removed the carcass should be carefully wiped with, a wet cloth to remove any hairs which may adhere '"fMI to it; the entrails shoujd^nieir^p fe^ s moved, and the blood and the liver, I heart and kidneys being saved ; the in- Jjl side of the carcass should be washed Jil with a cupful of vinegar, which is to "-1 be used with the blood for making-^^ whatever sauce or gravy is to be served with the game. The liver, heart and jraB kidneys are either cooked whole or ^ 1 chopped very fine and mixed with the Recipes.. I Molasses Cake.?One cup of mo- 'M lasses, one cup brown sugar, one cup of cold water. Boil together, then add a cup of butter and set aside to cool; J flour as thick as a pound cake, add four well beaten eggs, one pound each of raisins and currants, one-half pound ; of citron. Bake two hours. I Recipe fob Liming Eggs.?For liming eggs a pickle is made of pure 1 stone lime, fine, clean salt and pure" I water in the following proportions: I Six to eight quarts of salt, sixty to 1 sixty-five gallons of water and one | bushel of lime. The stronger the lime water and the more free from.; - I sediment the better. Slake the lime 1 with a portion of the water, then add 1 the remainder of the water and salt. ^|!l Stir well three or four times at intervals and then let it stand until well | settled and cold. Either dip or draw ;|| off the clear pickle into the cask orvat M intended to preserve the eggs, this ,~g? is on a large scale, but may be pro- portioned according to judgment for -J*, family use. "Milk Soup.?"Wash, nare. slice and :t>: parboil one pound of potatoes, pour ^ away the water; skin and scald twa .1^* onions, chop them ; place the potatoes, . ^ onions, one teaspoonful of salt and V, half a teaspoonful of pepper in a stew- ^ pan, with one quart of cold water; bring to a boil and boil till quite soft (about a half-hour); crush the pota- '& toes and onions with a spoon till smooth, add one quart of new milk h and one ounce of crushed sago; stir | continually till it boils, then boil for ten minutes. This soup may lie mado * richer by adding one ounce df bu';ter "" or dripping to the quart of cold water; - also, by putting a yolk of an egg, well beaten, into the tureen, and mixing ^ the cooked soup slowly with it. The soup must be off the boil, or the egg ?? will curdle. #.>1 V Washing in Switzerland. A correspondent, writing from S witz- - erland, says: Magiore, or "Superior," is y; the last lake in the northwest of Italy. It is a lovely sheet of blue-green water enshrined among green mountain sides. It must have been washing-day for the village when we arrived, as a whole ? " row of peasant women were engaged in renovating their various family Jin- i ens along the edge of the lakes. Her ^ lakes are fed from the snow and ice which melt upon the mountains and run down in brooks and torrents. It ; is almost ice-cold in the elevated lakes, yet a row of women get down upon jjj their knees around the water's edge, ?* with their feet sticking out behind * them, and slather the garments $ about for an hour or two and call it washing. Sometimes :i wooden ? platform is erected out into the water *5j a little way, and they kneel upon that. Occasionally they have, but as often ? do not have, a smooth wooden lapboard upon which they beat and rub their clothes. I judge there is not a washboaul of the kind we know in America in all Switzerland. There is no hot water and no steaming or scald ing of the linen. Where the lake is wanting a wooden trough is fixed to catch water from a mountain stream, * and the village women take their cloth- ' ing there and have a picnic of wash and gossip. From the looks of the $? garments after they are hung out to dry there is more gossip than wash. Everything is done by sheer brute ,J force in Switzerland as elsewh: re among the peasantry of Europe. Hour after hour these women kneel with their arms in the deathly ei Id water above their elbows, and slash and pound the clothes and rub the m together, and dance them up and down in the current. Soap is used in a painfully economic manner. From an artistic point of view, if we leave out the women's frowsy heads and dusty, bare feet, this way of renovating soiled garments may bo highly picturesque. Indeed, in my i:a- .: tive land, I have seen paintings of these washerwomen that in the a'?^ ^ Al ip..* , s tract were gmuiy auumcu. | from a practical point of view, I mu.;t say the whole proceeding is extreim ly ridiculous, and the washes do look like distress. As to the nature and propagation of | electricity, M. Ledies holds that they j are substantially subject to the same , mechanical laws which govern light [ and heat. An Australian sheep-raiser, who . boasted of paying $2,000 for 200 pounds ' of British butter, further explained - that his purchase was a first-class imported ram. The one prudence in life Is conccn3 tration; the one evil is dissipation,