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I - ^ * ' Wp. T i' "I ? \ * t t ABBEVILLE PRESS & BANNER i = BY HUGH WILSON AND H. T. WARDLAW. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 14, 1880. NO. 45. VOLUME XXV. # The Farmer's Daughter. She dwelt within a quiet home, No model of the graces. Unknown to culture's highest walks, Or fashion's giddy places. A thoughtful girl, so sweet and wise, With earnest lace and deep gray eyes, The fanner's gentle daughter. From morn till eve the little maid Is busy at her labor; Sbe sweeps and dusts, and leeds the hen And never minds her neighbor; No gossip ever listens to, (A. merit rare, 'tween me and you), Thus lives the farmer's daughter. On baking days her tiny hands Are skillful at the making; ? No bread more light and sweet than he: Was ever mnde by baking. She choriis the butter, golden, sweet, ^ And keeps 'he dairy clean and neat, This fanner's busy daughter. Her garden i< an Rden lair, A bloom with pinks and roses; She knows the name of every flower, And make* soiue gorgeous posies. Grows peus, snd rndishes, and cress, And corn, and squash, and Herbs topres Tiiis tai mer's happy daughter. Long may hbe bravely smile on us, . Our darling household faiiy, The queen of garden, house and lot, And princess of the dairy, To tMirh us bv hor nlpRsant wav To love the things ot " every day." (iod bless the limner's daughter. ? -innic L. Jack, in ilnral J\cw Yorkrr Among the Counterfeiters Five or six years aso, when I was di tailed to look up the Rogers gang < counterfeiters, 1 had but one clue t begin work on. One of the clerks i the dead-letter office had saved and sei k to the chief the following letter: Pittsburg, May 8th?Friend J\'cd: havfc get rid ot all the "queer" which bought, and shall be in Parkersburg next ve( lor a supply. I have lound and will brin with me a first-cltws engraver. The posti currency passes right along, but I have ha some irOULMtf W1M1 IUW I S HUU O S. Ul I for ray uriirrl. 1)ick. We had for a whole year been tryiii to find the headquarters of half-a-doze counterfeiters who had banded toneilK under the control of a man named Kc ward Rot'prs, formerly employed as banknote engraver by a New York <*j tablishment. .He had flooded Cincir natl, Pittsburg and other cities wit, counterfeit postal currency and nation* banknotes, and, first and last, ten or dozen detectives had failed to find t U headquarters of the gang and brea them up. Several parties had been :u rested for 44 shoving " the counterfeits but they were saloon-keepers and show men and men merely acting as agent* t get lid of the money. We nrgued among ourselves t!;a Rogers and four or five (perhaps more engravers and printers had headqtc.r ters somewhere in Virginia, Ohio o Pennsylvania, where they printed tl..-i money, and that they employed a gen< r:i agent to take it from thf-m and seil i out to such unprincipled person* ii towns and cities as would enter int. the speculation. It would not help u # much to arrest those who at last pas.-e< the stuff out, but we could only mo kthe business by arresting the en!jrav.-r and printers with their tools and stock We had once sent a detective to Park ?r^hrircr ond fmH Imd fhpm in nthn rciviei where the money had been nt>?s freely passed out, but they had not b'-e able to get a clue to Rogers' headqu u ters. The letter really amounted : nothing. " Dick " might have mad?previous arrangement "?o meet "N?<1 n that city, but the /act that the le: ;e had not been called for was a proof" t several of the detectives who were look ing over the case with me, that Ro-ci was not in that part ot the couni'-j Had he been, he would not have alio we the letter to remain uncalled lor. No matter what my compani^r thought, I had an idea of my owr Among all the complaints coming i from cities and towns, we had not n ceived a single one from Parkersbnn although towns twenty miles from tl.< i were sending in complaints almost ev? i day. This made me believe that tli fang were located at or near Parker urg, and refrained lrom uttering any < their notes there in order not to akin the local authorities. At any rate, might as well go in that direction as an other, as I must start out blindfoldci and let luck furnish me a clue, or abai don the case in despair as others ha done. I took the letter along with me, rea and re-read it so often that I could r< peat every word, and the cramped cliai | * acters were before my eyes like a phoi< eraph.- It is no new theorv that or can judge something of the looks <>! man, as well as of his character, h , studying his chirography. I never s< L' a line of writing, from man or wom:u without holding up an imaginary phot< "raph of the writer, and I havet fie oeen quite correct. As I sat in my sej on the train, I made un my mind aboi how " Dick " would look, and was <!< termined that if ever I ran across an ti dividual resembling my mental photx graph, I would watch his movemoni until satisfied that he was an honeman. I arrived in Parkersburg in due timi and registered myself at the hotel for week's stay in the name of44 John Fa; showman, New Jersey." I had scan-el finished writing the line when the ii quisifive landlord asked where iu " show " w:is, and if I intended visitin Parkersburg jvith it. I replied thatmycircu6 establishmer was traveling in New England, an that my health being poor I had mnci up my mind to hunt and fish and <lo general " loafing" business for two c KkAA mn.-.Uo T>.? -1- U,% U t* viciwo, i uihn suuit; i" * cause I had some acquaintances back i the country. These explanations were entirely sati: factory to the landlord, and he at on( proceeded to make me at home. To carry out my plans I purchase a rifle, ammunition and fishing tackl and for the first four days was in tl I . woods and among the hills the greati h portion of the time. In truth I did an vet do love a ramble in the woods, an I did not have to force myself to tal the long jaunts which I did. I gre tired, however, after the fourth day,an : 'ungeu tiuuui, tut; ijuh.*i ntarjy an u:i; c-oscly watching the guests ana town people who came in. Toward evenir i talked down to the landing, and aft I'eing gone half an hour came back. v wis just about to enter the door wh< 1 K-me one came out. Looking up I a familiar lace?one that I had seen dozen times before, but I could not r mem bet where. " How are Tyou ?" I excl joined, hoi ingout my hand. "I remember yoi face like a book, but hang me if I ci rccall your name." " I don't remember that I ever sa you before" replied the man, slowl but accepting my hand and giving it hearty sqeeze. What may I call vour name?" I gave him my assumed name :ir stated my occupation, as I had given the landlord; but after a conversatit of ten or fifteen minutes he failed make out that we ever had a previoi acquaintance. He stated that he h:i traveled in the North a good deal, :u that I had perhaps met him sever times at hotels. I would not give i \ iji my own mind but that I had m him many times, but, as the subject d not seem although pleasant to him, L soon dropped it, and he went to his i room, and did not appear again that t evening. | Just before going to bed, in fact I 11 was taking my lamp from the landlord 11 behind his bar, I glanced over the reg- ; t ister. The last name on it was " Chas. j i J. Burton, New York." The moment | ( , my eye fe'l upon the cramped cliirog- 1 ' raphy I gave a start which made me al- s I most lose my lamp, and the face of the s man I had shaken hands with looked at t j me from the page as distinctly as a I photograph. In a moment's time I had i ! made up my mind that " Burton " was e " Dick." "Burton's" face was the face i which I had painted when reading the s : letter,and while the land lord was mixing s j himself :i " night-cap," I slipped out t /'Dick's'1 letter, compared the cliirog- t , I raphy with " Burton's," and found that t ?8 | the same hand had held the pens. t I "So, you've got a New Yorker stop- * ping here, have you?" I inquired of the " i landlord, pointing to Burton's name on f ; the register. c I " Yes. be sieriR himself that wav this : time," replied the host. " I guess he ? must be a traveling agent, for lie never J i has the same location twice alike." He then turned back over a period of I seven months, and showed me Burton's * name six different times. Sometimes he a 8) was Burton, of New Orleans, then of Boston, then of Omaha, but never twice * of the same place. J "I don't know what he does come i for." returned the landlord to my query, l j " He always puts up here, stays about I three days, and always goes away on . , boat or train during the night, generally t ! about midnight. No matter what the j weather is when he is here, he borrows * | my ?un, goes off to the hill, is gone from ; one to two days, and is always in a hurry to be off out of town as soon as he ! gets back. He is an odd chap, and I t shouldn't wonder if he was a bit crazy." I went to bed to study over the case, l , I need not say that I differed from the landlord as to Burton's eccentricity. I ; was certain that the fellow came to I Parkersburg to supply himself with , 2- | counterfeit money, and that his " going jf hunting " was a blind to cover his going . 0 ; to some den in the hills where the gang : n : were at work. 1 laid out and rejected a t it I dozen different plans to trip Burton and j secure the arrest cf thegane. I felt that t X 11 must get into his confidence and get J 1 j him to trust me, or I might never get * sk J into the living place of the gang, who ? k were sharp, keen leiiows, as was shown ~ id by the manner in which they 30 success- 5 id fully conducted business. I might wait ^ 11 until the man had gone off and secured ? his supply of the stuff, and then arrest -r g : him with proofs enough to convict him, n . bur. this would not be catching Rogers. j= t I I rolled and tossed about for two hours I- I and then T suddenly got the idea. I a j would turn "shover" myself. I had ? i- I with me about 8200 of counterfeit cur1 reney, ail well executed. The notes had ? h j been sent to the chief at one time and anil I other, and were handed me the day I F a left Washington. I mapped out a pro- ? e gramme, felt certain that I could follow * k it, and then turned over and went to c :- sleep. 5, When I woke up in the morning it F. - was raining heavily, with no prospect 0 of a clearing away before noon. I be- ^ lieved that Burton would not start out ? .t in such weather, and he did not. After f1 ') breakfast lie sat down to a cigar and a - newspaper, and one could see that he u r had not a care how long the storm P r lasted. _ . ^ U llOJUJiJi: ill iiiy nutria a uvi-uuu;u ^ t i note, which I knew to have come from " n a plate of Rogers' engraving, I drew a . o I chair up to Burton, sat dowu and res I marked: -n d | " You ought to be a good judge of ? p money. Tell me what you think of s | that." J He took the bill, glanced from it to - me, turned il several times over, and r then replied that it was as good as t wheat. I hoped for just such an answer, n and I knew now that I was on the right v - track. p o " Well, the bill might deceive even an s| a expert." I replied, giving him a wink, f: " "for it's one of the best counterfeits I fi r ever saw. II I had $190,000 of it. I 1 o could get rid of every bill without de- o tection," il s "But would you turn criminal and ii r. rob honest men in that way?" inquired p d the man. his voice betravine considera- ti bio anxiety. p is " Why not?" I returned. "The world S i. owes every man a living. If you buy of 41 n a merchant he cheats you, and if you ?' ?- I stop for a day at a hotel the landlord fi overcharges you. It's a game of ch< at v e and plunder all the way up and all the o v way down, and if any one is sharp a i*e enough to cheat back 1 admire instead d 5- of condemn him." b )f That's rather dangerous philoso- a n phy," replied Burton, laughing good- ii I naturedly. "You don't mean to tell s y me that you carry counterfeit money 1< i, with you?" t] 1- See here, my friend," said I, lowering p ,d my voice to a whisper, " I mean just t this?make money the best way you g d can." p Taking the bill in my hand, I walked b f- up to the landlord, asked him to give t > me small bills in exchange, received ? ie them, and then walked back to Burton. ? a He looked at me fixedly a moment or r y two, and then inquired if I meant what c *e I had done. v i, "Certainly," I replied. "He will s > cheat me when I settle up, and why 1' n shouldn't I cheat him back? I am going v it out on the street now to make some pur- s it chases, and I shall not pay out a dollar b 2- of erood money." li i- The man got up, walked about a mo- I )- ment, and then asked me up to his v ts rooms. Arriving there, he inquired v st how much of that kind of money 1 li:id, 1 and I showed him my stock. He ex- n e, amined every note carefully, and then v a asked how I came by them. o 7, I told him that they were furnished e y me by a Boston man, and that I got rid b i- of two or three thousand dollars within s yj a month. s ig " Now, see here, friend," remarked ii Burton, looking me square in the face, t it "I know yon are a 'shovor,' and am t d witness that you passed a bill on the li le landlord. So I have some security in ii a. telling you that I occasionally deal in h >r the ' queer' a little myself, and there are s ?- certain reasons why you must not pass d n any of t lie stuff in this town." fi I could not ger. it out of him that it v s- was on account of the headquarters of d e Rogers being near the town, but I knew p shat to be the reason. He tnen showed s 'd me a few bills like the five I had, and s< e, stated if I wanted to supply myself he ?e could give me very liberal terms. I, of n ?r course, was very eager to bargain with p td him, and it was agreed that on the next s id night he shpuid furnish me with ?4,000. fi ce at forty cents on the dollar. d w T worked every way I could to find 1' id where he was to procure it. but it was t y, j no use. He had not known me long li s- | enough. He said it must be sufficient v ig j for me that I got the counterfeits. t er | It was my intention to dog hi? steps r I to the headquarters. I had my gun all t ?n ready lor going out, ana am not allow r w Burton out of my sight for.several hours, d a At noon the weather cleared up, and he e- borrowed the landlord's gun. I took h mine and started for the hills, believing t d- he would have to pass me somewhere, t ur but he eluded me after all. I traveled t m about, watching everything, had an eye f on the hill road, but did not catch sight c w of him. Returning to the hotel, I t y, found that he was absent, an J, in brief, t a he did not return until after dark the \ I norf PTT^nir?(T r j I knew fro m what had passed that I s id could not gain the man's confidence for tc weeks or months, and might never in>n duce him to guide me to headquarters, to By arresting him I might make him c as turn informer, if holding out the in- e id ducement of escape for himself. 1 bad 1 id everything arranged when ;iie returned; $ al I was in his room, and two constables a ip with me, and we had him handcuffed ^ et in a moment. He had about $10,000of s id the stuff with him, and there was no 1 I lack of proof. He " peached " on me in s t moment. :ind fairly raved when I esabJished my identity with him. The attempt to wring anything from lim in regard to the others was a fail- c ire. He declared that he would submit t o torture before he would betray those g vho had furrished him the money. I c waxed, threatened and discussed, but p le was firm; and alter an hour vainly a (pent I gave up the attempt. I would j] end him to Washington, and then hope 0 hat accident might assist me to find d logers1 den. I was determined to find t if I had to call out every man in Park'rsburg. 0 Going out of the room to arrange for c ending Burton off I stumbled against a c mall dog at the door, and I remembered r hat the dog had come in with the coun- ^ erfeiter. It was not his dog, and the houglit struck me that it might belong t o some of tire gang, and had followed ^ lim from the aen. I at once tied the ^ mimal up. determined to make him useul. After sending Burton off by the ten 'clock train, I secured the services of tight men, including four constables, v md, all well armed, we set out after the a log. We had given him a flogging be- ? ore starting, 44 to make him homesick," ? is one of the constables asserted, and he a vas held from going too fast by a string c! iround his neck. We had equipped ourselves with lan- 1 erns, expecting a jaunt of several miles, c .nd were therefore much put out when he dog, alter going two or turee oioci;s, ed us down a "back street, and stopped p >efore the door of a oae-story building a vhich had the sign " shoe shop " over n he door. The door was locked and q here was no evidence of life about the > >lace. We dragged the dog away, but I 10 sooner gave him the slack of the o tring than he led us back. t The constables utated that a stranger t iccupie(f the shop, and after one more rial with the dog I c^sented that they hould force open the door. Closing it tl tehind us, we lighted one of the candles, ti ,nd passed through a partition door into d , rear room. The room was empty, and 1 me of the constables caught sight of and t< ifted up a trap door. r The moment the door came up I heard is he clatter of a printing press. I knew a he sound in an instant, and realized t hat we were about to make a discovery, n Looking to our weapons, and leaving he lanterns above, we descended a ough ladder, and were soon in a pasage which one of the men declared to ? >e an old ravine which had been walled ? ip and covered over several years before. r1 Groping forward a few yards, the clatter if the Dress erowine nearer all the time, * re at length bumped against a door. I ? "eeliug around, I founa the handle, I ? ave a pull, and a blaze of light was let ? oto the passage. We saw a printing press, three or four p aen, tables, papers, troughs and so arth, and we rushed into the cellar on run. There was a shout, the counter- s L'iters all ran, and in a moment all but t! wo had escaped out through a door in t he far end of the room. The two were t Logers and a companion, known to the t raft as " Shinplaster Jim." a We followed through the door after a wo or three minutes, taking one of the t ights, reached and mounted a pair of a tai^p, and found ourselves on the first tl oor of an empty store across the street f< rom the shoe shop. The counterfeiters tl iad rented both buildings, and were L sing the cellar of the store as their a rinting office. We found "piles" of ounterfeit notes, secured all the plates, ies, tools, presses and paper, and the aul broke up one of the worst gangs in u lie country. Rogers and Burton went rj :> prison for twenty years each, and -t Jim" got off with a sentence of ten. lut for the little doe the rascals were ? o well hidden that they might have u rorked away for months without de?ction. jj An Extraordinary Feat in Fisliinc. ^ Recently, quite an odd and somewhat /? emarkable occurrence took*place with a I arty of ladies and gentleman who were p pending the day at Wakulla sprinsr, a a xvorite pleasure resort, situated about fteen miles southwest from the city, 'he party had taKen a t>oat and floated ut over the wonderful spring to admire ts beauties and grandeur?gazing down t,| a its vast cavernous depths, where the a ure white limestone vails, cliffs, jut- j] ing crags and snowy spars, are wrap- ]( ea in tne nriguesi 01 prismatic nu*is. w uddenly one of the ladies exclaimed: b 'Oh! I have dropped my ring!" and, n ure enough, it had slipped from her tj nger while she was playing in the ir rater, and there it went, before the eyes p f the whole party, circling and flashing f, s it decenaed into the translucent a] epths. All at once, when it had at- n nined a depth of about eighty-five feet, n nd while all were intently watching ts descent, a trout darted from the liadow of the submerged cliff and swalowed it in a twinkling. The fish then o loated slowly back into its lurking a; ilace. The lady was inconsolable over tc ter loss for the circlet was a heavy a ;old one which, rumor says, had been d ilaced upon her pretty forefinger by o iut never mind?or, well?a friend! It h vas considered gone for good and ai- ei pays, hut a young gentleman of an in- ii ;enious turn of mind, who happened to si aake one of the party, bethought him g if nri p-rnpHipnl whicli lip cnnsiflnrprt si forth trying. Says he: " As his trout- q hip seems fond of the precious metal, ii et's offer him some more; perhaps he t! rill prove as avaricious when it is in v ightas most men do." With this he iorro wed a ring from another of the ti idies present and tied it securely to a ti look at the end of a lon^ hand line, fhich he then began lowering into the vater, which is as clear as crystal. The . ine *was let out between eighty and linety feet, at which depth the hook t rith the i*ing on it hung near the shad ow ? >f the cliff from which the fish had ? merged. It had been dangling there iut a moment or two when a trout was , een to swim slowly toward it from the 7 hadow. When almost within reach of 7 t, the young man made a motion as ii .. o withdraw it; but as quick as thought j lie trout struck at it and was securely looked. He then began rapidly draw- ? ng the line in, and the trout was soon irought to the surface and deposited in- p ide the boat, quite dead, having been s j 1 l. a :.u.. n IUVVUUU uy uumg uiftwu nipiuiy -p rom so great :i depth. The nsh, which f weighed about two pounds, was iraraeiutely cut open and judge of the sur- 11 rise of the whole party at finding in its ^ tomach?no ring!?wrong fish, you ^ ee. a We know that was mean, but we could n iot help it. However, to pacify you, atient reader, we will tell you that a econd trial better rewarded their eforts; for when the second fish" was rawn uj) and cut ojsen, there lay the ost ring in its stomach safe and sound, o the great delight of the late discom- 0 Ltcd lady and the no less surprise of the ft rhole party. As such sport is rarely r, aet with, it was followed up, and seveal other fish of the same kind and about y he same size were secured in like man- ler. All of them were dead when tl [rawn to the surface. c This may sound a little unreasonable, t, >ut persons who are acquainted with r he spot and the remarkable clearness of S he water?which is so clear that a c tickel looks as large as life two hundred ? eet below the surface?will readily f xedit the statement. We could give c he names of all the parties witnessing fj he strange occurrence, all of whom will f, rouch for the entire truthfulness of this c larrative, but do not consider it neces- s orn Trill nh not 00 ( TTJ/t \ JFIrvr*flirtm ?1 J? xwwwmww/ X VV/? V ??- t fi The eccentric George Francis Train ]i leriveB an annual income from his real t 'State in Omaha, Newport and N' W c fork of 819,000. He refuses every year t J50.000 for lecturing engagements, and c pends only $470 a year on himself, t vhich amount includes bread for the li parrows in Madison square, peanuts i: or the children and candy for the c ervants. ? TIMELY TOPICS. A little Philadelphia girl, eight years Id, recently lost her life, perhaps H hrough her own heroic self-control, ihe was holding a baby when her lothing caught fire. She succeeded in ilacing the baby uninjured in its cradle, A: ,nd then ran into the street to save the sa louse from being burned down. Her M wn injuries were so severe that she hf ied. w m The United States is far ahead of all m ther countries as a meat consumer. Re- a ent statistics show that there are 666 th attle to every 1,000 inhabitants, while se ireat Britain has but 224 and France ra ut 325, while the average for Europe is aS nly 318. Not only is the supply of catle twice as great in tbe United States, fo ut a far larger proportion is grown for M eef. le so Perhaps the liveliest set of men in the ^ rorld to-day are the contractors who I11 re to lay the rails in the St. Gothard :? onnel. Everything must be completed i?J y October 1, and for every day there- ni ftcr that tL* line is incomplete the on cmtractors must pay $1,000 for the first ix months and $2,000 a day afterward, in 'hus it is that they are hurrying up the go ompletion of the line. se a 1 Thirty years ago there was but one jV* ottery in this country making white tn nd yellow ware, and not a mill to grind laterial. All the flint and stonb re-' Dt uired was imported from Great Britain. nc row there are 800 potteries in the ^ Inited States,representing a total capital f over $6,000,000. The pottery craze of tie hist two or three years resulted in ** he erection of thirty new kilns in 1879. to Two hundred years ago the shaft of ?.c he turquoise mine in Chalchuti moun- "j fun. New Mexico, caved in and hunred Indians below at work were killed. bl "he Spaniards tried to foice the Indians at a work the mine, and the result was a w ebellion and the expulsion of the Span- 01 3h. Now some American capitalists ^ re about to reopen t e mine, which is j" lie only one of its kind oi the conti- r? _ i", b] Mrs. Lillie Devereux Blake wants te olicewomen to be employed a', the po- w ice stations in New York, as they are in pj axony. She bases her suggestion on th he fact that among the hundreds of cc rameu who are arrested many are en razy or ill, and need other attention so ban the policemen can render them, in ihe would have the policewomen strong, th leaithy women, of good physique, and at aid the same as policemen. w so The Journal dcs DebtUs? special- corre 111 poudent in Holland -writes apropos o lie king's sixty-third birthday and the {.a hirty-tirst year of his peaceful reign, Ie' liafr the King of Holland is now about "e he only monarch who finds kinging it Ie' safe and easy business. This does not w rise from any personal attachment to n( lie king, who is an exceedingly ordin- ar ry and uninteresting person, but from ?,a tie fact that the bourgeoisie are proaundly attached to the dynasty of tie house of Orange, and the people at H* irge have a profound belief in mon- ^ rchical institutions. ?? to \\ At an auction sale of books in New m rork Bradford's collection of the "Laws Wl nd Acts of the General Assembly lor _e 'heir Majesties Province of New :.p rork" (1694). being "the first book ~ rinted in New York and the first gt ollection of -the Laws of New York," vc rought $1,600, lor which sum it ,*as bought by the New York State 0E ibrary. This is the largest price W( aid for a single volume in a long while. pa l newspaper in two volumes, the Penn- ?, jlvania Gazette (1728-1730), printed by er" "ranklin & Keimer. and the first news- ac aper printed by them, brought $560, ej, nd went to Yale college. pr co Tea drinkers nowadays will do well E1 > apply the following simple test to the gr ;a purchased of their erocers: Turn out th le infused leaves, and if they are found co good brown color,with fair substance, be ie tea will be wholesome; but if the ac >aves are black and of a rotten texture, be nth an oily appearance, the tea will not wi e fit to drink. The purer the tea, the go lore the distinctively brown color of bu ie leaf strikes the attention.- The mix- Id lg that is frequently adopted to reduce di; rices results in the two kinds of leaves ag eing supplied together. It is import- in nt to see that the leaves have the ser- be ited or saw-like edges, without which th o tea is genuine. an hi Professor Fawcett, the blind member f parliament, recently had an unpleas- ne nt experience when he rose in his place ou ) ask some question of the speaker, ^ fter the division bell had rung and the oors were locked. The speaker pointed ut to Mr. Fawcett that any statement a : e felt inclined to make must be deliv- jn red in his place, with his hat on accord- he ig to established etiquette. Promptly jj, ?ating himself, the member vainly ja" roped for his hat. Unsuccessful in his earch, aid arrived from an unsuspected nc uarter, Mr. Macdonald promptly pull ng off his.jpwn hat and clapping it on \\ tie unsuspecting head of Mr. Fawcett, g( rlio dashed the vicarious covering to the f0 round amidst sympathetic laughter rem all sides, and refrained from put- 1,3 inghis <?iestion. fe, ne It is only a tew years ago since the be rakeman working on the circular wheel a? t the end of the passenger coach was Pi he only means of retarding the motion 1?: 1 a train. The air-brake made that si: dive person's position almost a sine- Kc ure. A late number of the Scicntific he [merican supplement illustrates a de- m ice that is still in advance of the air- ^ rake if it works as well in practice as bi t looks on paper. It is an electrical airrake, the generator being on the loco- ^ lotive. The plans provides for an at- 'n nchment to the bell rope so that any j?c assenger, by pulling the rope, can in- j?' tantly apply tne electric brake, at the loment he warns the engineer. The 011 )etroit Free Press suggests'that by-andiye we will have electric brakes on the j? rain, an electric bell on the locomotive, n electric head-liebt in front, making tr< he track as light as day, electric canles in each car, and perhaps an electric gine as motive power. jr m ' ?- in bt Origin of Oil Springs. The source of these vast supplies of fo il has been much discussed, and there ot re some points in thfir history which uj: emain obscurc. We trace their origin $4 3 great forests of antiquity whose shrubs th /ere tree? and whose trees were giants co -we know their greatness by the cast of tieir huge leaves, which we find in our ev oal" mines. Submerged and subjected to o certain strange agencies, the vast th ank iorests turned slowly into coal, th luch a change involves a separation of I j arbon and hydrogen, sometimes as oil 18 r both combined. Gravity would lei orce ttie liuia to seen tne lowest level it hi ould find, through every crack and fo issure, which accounts for its being l.i ound out not only below but often re- m note from the coal deposits. Under to uch circumstances the pressure of to rater from beneath, or the volatile na- pr ure of gas which accompanies the oil, an orces it up into the highest attainable pr evel, thus hringing it into strata above be he coal measures?on the floor of the as oal beils. Just how, when or why ill hese wonderful transitions took place C< aay never be definitely known?for, in an he vast crucible beneath our feet, tiercr br ires are always raging. Such change T1 3 directed bv the hand of the Almighty th hemist, with faultless wisdom and in ini rays past finding oui. t^ A MILLIONAIRE MINER. I flas I shs ant la Hps and Dowm-Wlnnlng To-day pre and Lailns To-morrow?How He Sat Held on nod Finally Triumphed. a g] Ail over the Pacific slope the name of Mo rchie Borland is as familiar as nuggets, tell ge-brush. 'Washoe, or silver bricks, sta r. Borland is an example of what fche ird work and asteady'head. combined say itli an unceasing flow of good luck, or i ay do for a man among the Western boc ines. Beginning with a pick-axe and it i tin cup, he is now something more ant an a millionaire, having, meanwhile, anc en his wealth increase at times at the boc teof $25,000 to $50,000 a week, and tha ;ain watched it dwindle away to the wit :tentofamiHion and a half inside of a sol< rtnight. A New York reporter found see r. Borland in his rooms in the Stur- cep * X ' > niitT with or1 VUOb IIUUSC} 111 buau \jii/jTf auu n ivu ? me difficulty induced him to tell the loss iry of his romantic and successful aQc e; and, once started, he gave the his- of t ry of some of his most remarkable pre sses and gains?something that even so 1 s most intimate friends before knew ily by hearsay. Mr. Borland came from Ireland early life, with all his capital invested in a Ii od muscle and a clear head. He wh ttled down on a farm in a small plrffce and few miles below Albany, and worked Chi ray until the mining fever swept over waj e country, in 1849. The epidcmic tor; on made its way up the Hudson, and froi ! was among its first victims. It was zer >t till early in 1852 that lie took pas- not ge in one of the steamships that by but at time were running to California, wri id was landed without accident at San sov ancisco. " I made up my mind to daj 70 things at the start," said he; "not wa work for wages any longer than I an >uld help, but to go in for myself, and nea en never to take a partner." This Ind an served him well. With nothing inti -? - '?' ? " ninKovo a fin (>im ties lb 21 li jfiu^*pau} M pavrA-MAvy M w.? W-,,, id a small supply of provisions, he vai ent, as soon as he reached California, pra it into Nevada county, and began is i ork in the embryo mines for 84 a anc ly. Working there, often in water up less his waist, at the hardest k'nd of eno bor, with the roughest food, of his 1 vn cooking, to eat, be carefully laid Wc j the greater part of his wages, in- islfl nding some day to own the mines he on as working in. But they did not Thi ove profitable enough. As long as Me ey paid him his ?4 a day he could not fou impJain, but the gold was not thick and lough to make a profitable investment; Th , alter some months of labor and sav- Frr g, he changed quarters, and went to ven ;e Grass Valley district. Here he was tha )le, in a short time, to buy, in a small bre ay, into some of the claims, and made WI me money. For several years he cor- Cut tiued at this, growing a little richer ju fery year, till 1858. 1 One of his specu- iu tions there, after getting a little on his c?a et, was the buying of the Rock Tun- $ si, which had then been opened 2,800 de] et. In 1863, some little speculations Aoi ent wrong. A vein was not as wide )r as deep as it was expected to be. In id what money Archie Borland had Du ved disappeared like a snow bank, sho You might wonder," said ho, "how, wh hen a man has a good pile of money, pri< ! can lose it all so quick. You'd ?f . i -u I fro: ]QK neu miwiitgc tu Hum uu it. You might as 'veil try 1711 hold on to un avalanche. vr" 'hen once she starts, whew! things ern ust get out from under#" Everything ent with a crash, and, after eleven * ars of hard work, he was once more ^ duced to working for wages. "The nui eat thing," said he, "was never to quit. ick to it. Never let go your hold, and j-101 ?u are bound to catch something." he ith precious tew dollars left to operate ?* i, he bought a mule, and once more If1* ore a tin cup in his belt and a frying l{je .n strapped on with his blanket. With small party of men bent upon the same Par rand he mounted his mule and started dev ross the hills for Idaho. They had no ?hteen mules in the party, packed wi th 1 ?e ovisions. Their fare was a little ba- p1? n, a little biscuit, and a little coffee. ,1?1 rery morning they put the coffee- ?'u ains between two stones and pounded ?hi em up. Why didn't they carry ground "ee ffee? Because it loses its strength,and yp.a * !i?j. i??.? wit CJIUSG II 1L gees wei 11/ibsjJUiieu i uumu y cidental wetting does not hurt the * rry. There was not a house on the "j??1 iy, and he rode that mule 900 miles, J~b, ing from one mining camp to another,, "ol it always in the general direction ol' ?ea aho. There was plenty of hostile Ir.ans, and they had to be guarded *ainst. "Is there nny other business the world," Mr. Borland asks, sitting fore a comfortable fire, with some- T ing better in front of him than bacon * d biscuit, "that would take a man whl indreds of miles across an unknown a?c d dangerous country on a mule's back, s ten wading in water up to nis *? ck, cooking his coarse food, starting | dee it at sunrise in the morning, with con eat holes worn in his back by the pack i had to carry, but still pushing on?is A"1 ere any other business that would lead all3 man to this but the excitement of min- a g?" After a long and painful journey. ^ ' reached Idaho, and went to work. 1 diligent labor he soon owned shares lro1 some of the mines there. By 1866 he unt id accumulated $15,000, which he had, ma ?t in checks or drafts or bits of paper. Pn< it in solid gold-dust, done up in bags. t0 ( ith this good stock of gold-dust Mr. >rland determined to return to Cali- an? rnia, which he considered his proper ?, ;ld, although he had prospered in \?1 alio. The road at that time was in- den sted by " road agents," and the jour- J?1" iy was a dangerous one. But he - - % I vi 11 mghtsome mules, a bi?r navy revolver v: id a choice stock of Arkansas tooth- X11 cks, and started. It was a long and cl1^ nely journey but, after six days and . x night of hard riding, he landed his in? >ld-dust safely in San Francisco. Then ?nn ! bought into Comstock and other ing ines, and made money. There H ere no stocks in those days, j?1'' it a foot of surface was the equivalent Hir a share of stock. One of his hrst sue- j f ssful speculations on a large scale was Ier( the Savage mine. In July, 1866, he >ught five feet of Savage, at ?1,100 a }T ot. The first month that he owned it ttie ! drew $50 a foot dividend. The sec- co.n id month it went up to 875; then it W1f ok another rise and reached $100 a J??1 ot dividend every month. In tb? folwing year, 1867, the value went up ers' emendously. Early in the year it was co? orth $2,000 a foot; from this it went a,. eadily up to $2,500, $3,000, $4,000, and 0 ' i,000 a foot. At this prhe he sold his re feet for $25,000, having received oie than all the money he originally vested in monthly dividends. Then he ^ gan to think himself arich man. Other gisl ocks that he heid went up, and his ves rtune gradually increased?gradually the r the Pacific slope, but rapidly for any | a w her country. From $25,000 he went i ant > by degrees to $50,000, $75,000 and j cou ,00.000. In 1869 he bought largely into vat e Comstock and up to 1872 he had no ! Hot mnetitor in his eiuantic operations. | ? tl "The iiest winning speculations I mo ermade,' he said, "were from 187-2 mei 1874. I made a, heap of money in tinj at time, and I needed it to carry me stoi rough my worst losses in 1878. But um ?ot through. r\nd am still afloat In que 72 I bought 500 shares ot Central for mo is than $5,000. This mine was soon wa terwrard cut up and put into Cali- froi rnia, and the redistribution gave me the 250 shares. I never paid an assess- resl ent on it, for none was ever called wil r, and in no time the stock went up bra $740 a share, when I sold. That paid j eis< etty well. Let me see; I paid $5,000, I the a sold lor $925,000. That left me a ! hot ofit of $920,000. That was one of my , sun Ufif /.llitn oo rrr\txt\ I Km ;ab ? jjrtuianuuo, uuu uui j v?.. another one that I was in almost at j feat e same time. I bought 500 shares of j ob\ jnsoiidated Virginia for ?50 a share, aeh cl paid two assessments on it, 2which "h ought the price up to $56 a share, ani lis mine wasulso " cut up "just ahout not is time, and my 500 shares spread out ani to 2,750 shares. I held this stock for ing ro years, when it went up like a in < ill. I sold out in 1875 for $750 a ire. It cost me $28,000 for my stock 11 sold it for $2,062,500. That was tty good interest on the money. One urday the stock was selling for $350 hare, but I held on* The following nday it was worth $500 a share. I . you it took a pretty strong head to nd that. I was getting .rich, not at rate of a million a minute, as they , but only a hundred thousand a day 30; but that was fast enough. Noly ever knew anything about this till vas all over. I never told my wife 1 family any of my business affairs, I nover kept any books. The only )k that I kept was a little pass-book II carried in my inside coat pocket, ,li a record of all that 1 bought and i, and the price. I never let any one thi9, and never brought it out, ext sometimes on a Sunday afternoon, when I was all alone. My heavy jes, in 1878, were on Sierra Nevada I Union, l lost $i,40u,uuuEiien msiue en days?shrunk that much in deciation of stock. The veins were not , vide as was expected." Wheat in History. I 3is was supposed to have introduced j eat into Egypt, Demeter into Greece, i I the Emperor. Chin-Wong into i ina, about 3000 B. C. In Europe it ] 3 cultivated before the period of his- : p, fis samples have been recovered j n the lacustrine dwellings of Swit- ' land. In England it was probably i cultivated by the ancient Britons, i ; the Anglo-Saxons, when Bede j 5te, early in the eighth century, ] red their wheat in spring, and in the i rs of Queen Elizabeth its cultivation ( s but partial. Indeed, wheat was i article of comparative luxury till i rly the seventeenth century. In j lia wheat seems not to be native, but j roduced, for its Sanscrit name signi " food of the barbariansyet three ieties are mentioned in the Bhavakasa, one of which, a large-grained, said to have come from the west, 1 another, a small-grained or beardi wheat, is said to have been indigius to Middle India. 'he first wheat raised in the "New >rld " was sown by Spaniards on the md of Isabella, in January, 1494, and March 30 ttie ears were gathered, e foundation of the wheat harvest of xico is said to have been three or r grains carefully cultivated in 1530, 1 preserved by a slave of Cortez. e first crop at Quito was raised by a inciscan monk in front of the conit. GarcilasBo de la Vega affirms t in Peru, up to 1547, wheatenad had not been sold at Cusco. icat was first sown by Gosnold on ityhunk, one of the Elizabeth islands Buzzard's bay, off Massachusetts, 1602, when he first explored the st. In 1604, on the island of f nonr n?]aisL Ms., the Sieur Moots had some wheat sown, which i irished finely. In 1611 the first whea i tears to have been sown in Virginia. ] 1626 samples of wheat grown in the tch colony at New Netherlands was \ wn in Holland. It is probable that i eat was sown in the Plymouth colony f irqq t.honirh we finH 110 record I it, and in 1629 wheat was ordered i m England to be used as seed. In i B wheat was introduced into the ley of the Mississippi by the "West- t Company." In 1799 it was among ( cultivated cropsofthe Simoslndians 1 ;he Gela river.'New Mexico. i 'he varieties of wheat are almost j nberless, and their characters vary i iely under the influence of cultiva- 1 i and climate. There are said to < 180 distinct varieties in the museum i Cornell university. On the slopes of i mountains of Mexico and Xalapa i luxuriance of vegetation is such t t wheat does not form ears. In Ja- ] l, it is said, the wheat has been so { 'eloped by the Japanese farmers that matter how much manure is used straw will not grow larger, though length of the ear increases. The s ght is rarely more than two feet, and ] ;n not more than twenty inches. ' rough selection, winter wheat has 1 n changed to summer wheat in three J rs, and summer wheat converted hin the same time to winter wheat. 1 n general, wheat is the most esaed of the cereal productions, but in 1 yssinia, accoiding to Parkyns, the ir of the "tefT1 or "dogussa," rcely palatable to Europeans, is pre- i ed by the natives to any other grain. ; <and and Home. i A Cnrlons Custom. t is a custoip in many Swiss villages t nin ? nmWnr, ko lr?n or in a f.hfi narish : tu t* U1UIUV.U ?V ^ ept9*a "foreigner"?an inhabitant : ome other parish?as her bridegroom, i compel the successful suicor to rein his bride from her own native , amunity by paying an indemnity in < ney to the young men of the place. ! is losegeld or ransom money, is usur demanded immediately after the j rriage, when the bridal couple are , ring the bride's village. A chain or e is stretched across the road in j it of the bridal and it is not removed j il the husband has paid to the young ( le representatives of the tribe the , 3e of the daughter whom he is about j arry ayay. The custom has been , ch corrupted in the course of time j i the money is not now unfrequently orted fro11 the father who is about ose his daughter, instead of being Trrifh o nloo nf immpmnrial ' vritten. right and a show of force, m the husband, who has robbed the ' lage of a marriageable maiden. In ' lars-le-Grand, not far from Aven s, the village youth met in council, I resolved that the father of a depart[bride should be made to pay the i of ten dollars, as a fine for marry- . his daughter to a foreigner. A deption was sent to him, which, after jrming him of this lesolution, ' eatened him with a "charivari" in ! event of his refusal. The father of- ( ;d six dollars; this sum, however, 3 refused as insufficient, and for , ee nights the young men and lads of village executed a. fearful " cats' cert" underneath his daughter's idow. The lather complainea to the . ice; the cose was brought before the ( tri. t court, and four of the ringlead- , , in spite of their plea of custom,were ; demned to five days' imprisonment, ne of five dollars each and payment he costs.?London Globe.: Hot Heads. l hot head implies impaired or slugii circulation of the blood, the smaller sels of the skin being inactive from i contracted state of the surface, with i insequent chilliness of that surface i I of the feet, Lands and limbs. Of i irse these derangements are aggra- i ed by ti^ht bands which impede the v oi the blood in the surface vessels < tie'narrow and inelastic being the j st unfavorable ? while excessive j ntal effort, anxiety, worry and fret- 1 [j, with certain deranged states of the i macli, have their influence. The < lue activity of the brain and consc- ? int inflammatory tendency may be I dified by active exercise, as rapid i Iking, witbdrawiifethe surplus blood ( 31 the brain to the limbs, where it is < n needed, of course relieving and i Ling the brain. Indeed, very few i 1 be troubled with an overheated i in who have ample physical oxer- i ?, and who occupy cool apartments, ] hot rooms of the winter? ten degrees < ter than we would endure in the i amor?always tending to derange the i in. Avoiding the heavy and thick ;hcr pillows also will do much to riate the heat of the head and heades, as well as llie moderate use of the I eaters," the sweets, the fats and oils < 1 tli<*like, intended simply or mainly < as nourishm 3nt, but to sustain the < mal heat. Warming the feet, soak- ] in hot water and afterward washing < ?ool water will cool the head. 1 \ * FARM, GARDEN AflTD HOUSEHOLD. T Farming and Seeding.. the Among the mistakes most frequently Grf made by those who have but little ex- phe peri en ce in working the soil and sowing *s 3 seed, is that of plowing the ground or working it, and then letting it settle be- -Tin.' Fore the seed is sown. Often the ground a?tc is too wet when plowed; if so, it settles lown almost as compactly as though it ?bo had lain all winter. The air, witn its Jng iife-giving elements, but imperfectly ^hu jnters it; the fertilizing rains of the j*38 season are washed off from the surface ^ ifter the soil thoroughly settles, and do aot percolate through it to leave the ^we pestle stimulants contained in them ind which are just needed to produce a one strong and healthy vegetation of the Pou seed. on. There is no doubt but ground freshly 1Sworked is better adapted to the vegeta- m01 tionof seeds than where it has lain ,V?U some time after working and has settledWe have all seen that weeds spring up ? much more rapidly where the ground is freshly plowed, than when plowed late J in the fall or winter, and more readily do* still when it is finely pulverized by the ^a' harrow when the ground is warm. We ^a have seen again, that when a part of the ^re same land was plowed before heavy d?v 1_ j_ !. . trip rains tuny ju me scasuu, auu uuuuici part much later when the ground was 80U warm, the weeds started first where the con woo onH horTAtPO^ loaf W<X K1UUUU TTtW VUiUVU MUV4 U?i*i/.,vv. AMWbt the inference is, just what practice has abc iemonstrated, that the sooner seed is a3t deposited after the ground has been my freshly prepared, the greater the pro- to 8 portion of seed that will come up, and e?S ;he stronger and more rapid the growth ot 8 5f the plant. If ground is plowed early mei so as to become settled before seeding Lime it should be loosened up with a jlow or harrow before the seed is m13 jut in. P?u Another mistake is, putting in tender y?u leeds too early in the season. We must yar' lot put in all seeds at the same time: if ve do, we may blame the seed or the !n 8 seedsman when we alone are in fault. m? Spring wheat, oats and spring rye arir imong cereals, will bear early planting; tl0r lotatoes, onions, peas, beets, etc., tba imong vegetables. The proper time for a fe lowing various seeds is a matter that lemands the careful attention of the "or gardener and the farmer as well. We can mly suggest general rules by which our ^h1 videly scattered readers can have some "J11 andmarks, for a few seeds. They must 0111 udge for themselves of the others. As mer a tne hardy kind above named, also wef_ ;lover and grass seeds, carrots, celery, to " ?bbage, lettuce, parsnips, spinach and 0081 adishes, they may be planted any time ?ac' vhen the frost is out of the ground and ^?r< lie soil is in good condition. But the "ke leeds of the tender kinds of plants, such is corn, beans, melons,etc., ougntnever o be put in the ground until the season s so for advanced that the soil becomes "V varm. This is indicated pretty gene- fer< ally by the progress of the buds and of >lossomp of the forest trees of the locality, ten They rarely make a mistake. gre The old Indian rule of planting corn cov vhen the whiteoak leaves are as large as con t squirrel's foot, is a perfectly safe one, pai or corn not only, but for beans, pump- bri< tins, melons, cucumbers and squashes, am liVhen the dogwood blossoms appear it yea s also safe to plant any of these seeds. and To cultivate a field or garden where era ;he weeds are troublesome, it is an ex- sue jellent plan to plow early enough to al- tha ow the weeds to start, and then harrow for requently until the season arrives for ear! jutting in the seed. Thousands of weeds ove svill thus be destroyed and the "ground by je made richer and more prod active by wh ;very harrowing. And by the way, the the mportance of stirring the soil and keep- use ng it finely pulverized as a means of en- the iching it, by making it an absorbent of den ;he fertilizing elements of the air, -ore Ri^ inh snffinientlv annreciated by farmers anc generally.?Practical Farmer. test Health Hints. ^ Miss Corson, the culinary expert, pa] jays: Both poultry and game are less few nutritious than meat, but they are more Wft iigestible, and consequently are better coi food than meat for people of weak telr iigestive organs and sedentary habits. suc rney are both excellent for persons who 0f f think or write much. le;v There can be no greater mistake than wh to imagine that all children develop at ord the same rate during the corresponding ma years of their existence. In a group or lea class of children each of whom is eleven bo< years old. there will be many shades of per different development?some people hai would say as many shades of difference coa as there are individuals. It follows, tro therefore, that the drawing of a hard ver allU ittSli lillC zto iu au^uioiuvui} h+l i priate to any special year of a child's lite the is a mistake both from an educational On and a medical point of view. bed If a fishbone or a portion of food spr sticks in the throat and threatens to dis produce suffocation, first give a smart ver blow between the shoulders. This will most likely dislodge the substance. If can the patient can make any attempt to fac 3wallow, put a large lump of butter in suc his mouth. This will help the offend- 8UP ing substance to pass down the throat re" more easily. If he cannot swallow, put the finger as far down the throat as possible and endeavor to pull the bone T ar meat out, or tickle the throat to pro- y duce immediate vomiting. Unless there J*0 te prompt action, life may be lost ^ If we add a pint of pure water to a A pint of impure water, we dilute the im- suc pure water and it is made that much 8]ie the more pure. If we add a dozen pints sjja of pure water to it, we dilute it still more, and bring it nearer purity yet; fre, but if we add a certain number more, instead of the impurity becoming fer(| diluted, it is absolutely destroyed, and 0}d Dr. Letlierby, ol L.onaon, says tuac uie jn \ water is perfectly pure. It is the same eD0 way with impure air. A certain quan- ^ tity of air added to it dilutes the bad cur air and makes it less noxious, while if a pincertain quantity more i9 added, the im ^al purity of the air is. destroyed, as is the 0f t case with impure water. Any person pea 3an judge of this from the irood effect of gpr much pure air upon bad air. jg 0 Butter IHakins Begins at the Stable. -A The be9t butter-maker in the world SOq will fuil to get first quality butter if the wa! cows are milked in a dirty stabl?. It is ma] not long ago that a New Jersey farmer any asked me now he could best market his n0^ butter, which he said was exceedingly fujj good. He enlarged upon his high grade ^ Alderneys and the quality of his pasture an ( and water. Afterward I went out to see a _ja] cow I wanted to buy, and he sat down 22g at milking-time to let me judge of her gen flow. I certainly never saw a dirtier pail of milk. Specks of dirt, dust, by, dandruff, hairs, etc., peppered the top, and swashed about on the bottom as ^j'1( the pail was emptied. He got only q eighteen or twenty cents for his butter, was t think it was worth no more. Does not the filth flavor ti.e milk, the cream and the butter? Most assuredly ^n(j it dors. This is only obvious filth; the jng invisible and more potent volatile exlialations from the manure and the ^refi urine-saturated floors, and all the mal- fcej odorous surroundings of most cow- une stables, usually have a still greater influence. When milk is once contaminited, nothing can be done which will A jntirely do away with the effect. Part pie rf the evil may be removed by thorough n'oinnr nf mjiir bb it. is cooled before I a netting. Shallow setting, no doubt, jVj? favors the removal of these odors, and in^( lerations during churning has an important effect. But. here as in many na9 jther things, the fountainhead is the anc* jpot at which reform should be com- jra menced.?Exchange. ?~? wh< Nutmeg in the quantity of two or three drachms has been known to pro- P u iuce both stupor and delirium; and Jangerous and latal consequences are jaid to have followed its fiee use in pra India. Mace, which is the outside A | covering of the nutmeg, possesses essen- the Sially the same properties. bes uii neus. Vriting from Franklin, Pa., Burdette, Burlington hawkeve humorist, says: >at country this oil country. Be at mining country. All you nave to do ink a couple of shells, and then sit im and pump money for yourself, mkey ana the boys took me out one irnoon and Mr. Henry James showed all his wells and told me all ut it. so that I am ready? willand anxious to settle right down in i country and make a fortune. Just oon as the fortune is ready I am. I e learned a great deal in this oil ntry. I know now Mr. James pumps ntv-eight oil wells, some of them less a four hundred feet aeep, with only ] engine, sixteen-horse power, sixty nds of steam, and only half a throttle And I know what a " bull wheel" That may not be very much, but it's re than you know, all the same If want to learn, come down to Frankhere is something fairly weird in i arrangement for pumping wells. :re, James, wells extend up and ra the ravine about a mile. The king beams are so nicely fcalarced t fo'irteen of the twenty-eight pumps < lifting while the others are plunging rn. You are wandering along through woods, and suddenly, out of sight or nd, or any sense ot any power, you le upon a slender bar, a long arm of >d working back and forth, with iut an eighteen inch stroke, regular he tick of a clock. You follow tbis u sterious arm along, and it leads you l well it is pumping. You can see no ., ine house. You can hear no sound tn team; nothing but the regular moveit of this mysterious arm. and the tb iking of the solitary pump. You lii k at the thick, dark green oil that, :ed with the salt water of the well, is vi ring into the great cask, and then th follow the arm back a few hundred ds. By-and-bye you come upon' a vy wooden, horizontal wheel, fixed , frame on the ground, and it is*work- m two or three of these mysterious . is; radiating out in different direc- ju is, and you follow two parallel rods co t seem to be working the wheel. In w hundred yards they bring you to m engine house, where you see another or iwrtntol wViool moiaivp and strnnc. ding out arms in every direction. gt s tremendousfwooden octopus is the wheel. It is an invention of the jjj jountry. " Why," says a friend to " a few years ago I had a couple of T. Is out here, and at that time we hdfl , lave an engine at each well, and it 111 ; us about five dollars a day to pump ** 1 one. And now every time 1 come ; and see these things at work, I feel sh kicking them to pieces.'1 w! se: Norel Applications of Paper. m 'olumes might be written of the dif- wi >nt uses made of the various grades de paper materials. What may be ned its literary field is only one th at section of the vast area which it tii ers. It is the most indispensable of k, veniences and luxuries. Paper Is, washbowls and dishes, and jks of which houses can be built, are ong the articles which, in a few rs, will be conspicuous in every city [town of considerable size. A Westconcern has already made such a 1 cessful experiment in this direction t expensive works are beine erected the specialty. And probably in the th ly future we may be able to ride all ir the United States in cars upheld paper wheels. Old-style cast-iron ec eels are already disappearing before j lit m, and they are reuorted to be in as on over fifty railroads, among them ce Boston and Providence, the JProvi- J < ce and Worcester, the Connecticut j3 rer and a large number of roads South th [ West. Railroad managers unite in re ;ifying to the ^reat satisfaction given 3*1 paper car wheels, and pronounce j'( m in every respect superior to iron. 4's 3er manuiacturers preaici mat in a go r years their use will be as general as ll-paper in our dwellings or pape , lars and cuffs among ladits1 and gennen's furnishing poods. Another ccssful novelty is the substitution j? >aper lor wood in the manufacture of 111 ri pencils, a color being applied ich gives it the appearance of the te inary cedar pencil. A preparation ?c de out of paper in imitation df in ther, for many purposes, such as )k-binding, is claimed to be even su- CI ior to leather itself. Paper pocket fi1 1A?O nnnpr wftich- I Hf :il HCiUUlCIO tfcuu ivu^ .< ??.wv its or jackets, made stouter by the in- w duction of a few linen threads, and bl y cheaply sold, are now being w ?ely manufactured in new styles at pi government paper factory in Japan, or cold nights in the winter, when of I clothes were scarce, people used to ead over the top quilt a number of lo tended newspapers, which formed a p? y warm additional protection. But Ii v the very bed clothes themselves 1. . be mad'* out of paper. Tne manu- 2, ture of flour barrels of paper is a a cess, and the article produced is far n< erior to the ordinary wooden bar- tl i. ic ? n Remarkable Trees. 'he largest elm tree in Western New rk is at Wyoming. Tne trunk at the e is twenty-four feet in circumfer in oak tree near Raleigh, N. C., is if h proportions that it would affora Iter for 4,500 men, and at noon it ,des a space of 9,000 feet. i burr oak tree on the farm of C. Godf, of Marshall, Mich., recently felled, asured twenty-three feot in cirpum'nce. It is supposed to be 200 years Ei There were 187 visible rings, and ai ;he heart the rings w?re not distinct w ugh to be counted. th in o?k tree with elm tranches is a en iosityin E.mwood cemetery, Mem- af s, Tenn. The trunk is two and a th f feet in 'diameter, and for a distance th en feet from the ground is to all ap- to ranees an oak. Above that have so ung two large branches, one of which le< ak and the other elm. Ei l poplar tree in the city of Troy, Ala., i standing erect ten years ago. It feil n afterward, and part of its top jrj j cut up and used for fuel. No hu- er i agency has interfered with it nor in manner tempted to move it, yet it so v stands erect and is growing beauti- jv y. Ci . fig tree that still flourishos, and is ^ jbject of worship by Buddhists, was m ited by Divinipiatissa, in the year ^ B. C., in Ceylon. Its history is pre- re red by a mass of documentary evi- r, ce and tradition. It w:is described -p| the Chinese tniveler, Fa Hiam, in the y r 414. and by the earliest Europeans 0 visited it. f0 randy Teague, of Carthage, N. C., sp > buried at the foot of an old nak that uj 1 apparently been dead for several ^ rs. Tlr: limbs and twigs all fell off, nothing but the body was left standas a landmark in the old Phillips rchyard. After Grandy's burial the came to life, flourished, and is three gg , in diameter at the base, having as limbs and boughs as it ever bore. , _ th M n old lady named Signora Lanfr.m, better known as the "Mamma dj a: i" (the mother of doj?s), has just died u, lilan, a European city, and she had * uired a great notoriety in Italy n 3Ugh her affection for the canine D ;. Sbe was so fond of dogs that she V" an tTirn np Hlroo hnndroH in Q< . no limitjr <*o uttv v* v. iu about her house; and she was sev1 times compelled to change her resi- g? ce owing to the complaints raised b< her neighbors. She has left the d< ale of her fortune to be spent upon lding hospitals for dog9 in various H ts of Italy. tli 1 ar ?regon farmers propose to test the cl cticabilitv of raisine the sugar beet, premium has been offered of $100 lor pi best acre, and $50 tor the.second tr t, that ahall be raised in the State. dt A TTomau'B iwiuwii. Why should I stake my happy youth, My days oi spring, Upon a man's untested truth And proffered ring ? You praise me lor my golden hair, My eyes oi blae; But change o'ert&kes the laireet lair, Then, what of you T When all you praise has suflered wrong And I am old, Will lore that did to youth belong My age untold ? Since you but prize my smiling eye# And blushing cheek, ten breathe no more your tender* The things yon se? k Are bat the shadows of a shade, Will vanish last? Mirage, oi mists ol morning made, That cannot last. Tis he who seeks a woman's souL Who wins her heart; Dne reaches not love's final goal With shallow art. ?Isouitt Chandler Moullon. ! J IT?MS OF INTEREST. Match against time?Scratching a cifer on the clock-case. Bananas are successfully cultivated on e southern coast of California. The Tonkers Statesman remarks that e pedestrian has chosen his walk in fe. Hawking has of late years been re-* ved in England, and finds a lew enusiastic votaries. A cat is the most destructive of all limals- They mewtillate every sumer night.?FiUsburg Telegraph. If the balance of happiness be adsted fairly, it will, be lound that all nditions of life fare equally well. There are in Germany 329 sugar-beet ills. Twelve pounds of beets make le pound of sugar in that country. Mississippi was the banner ootton ate last year, raising 75,000 bales more nn Texas, which stood next on the ft. * During the eight years in which nomas Jefferson practiced law before e revolution, he was employed in 948 ses. The difference between a sailor and a owman is, that one likes a light-house hile the other doesn't.? Waterloo Obrvcr. It is well that an attempt is to b6 ade to prevent the use of arsenic in ? nil and other papers, for they breathe ath at every pore. Potatoes are raised on a fork, and on e capacity of the stomach depends <n ely the amount that may be raised.? :okvk ConstUuticn. It was a delicate piece of sarMsm the boarder who sent his land 1my a zor neatly inclosed in a handsome t-li^ed case and labeled "butteriife." Girl* know only one-quarter as macn out courting as boys, because they ive only one year in four in which ey are allowed to practice.?New iven Register. It is an important item of household onomy just now to save the cotton and ten rags and old newspapers for sale, paper stock has cone up over fifty per nt. in the market lately. ' The New York consumption of eggs extraordinary. Without including e outlying cities and villages there are ouired for that city alone every d?y MO barrels of hens' egg*, .averaging 500 to a barrel, making the aggregate " 1 * I O /\AA liiy consumption not jess nur o,uw,0 eggs. i Attention was first called to fhe lemical composition of the guanoi of 3ru by Liebijf, in 1840. That ypar a w casks were imported into (Went ritain as an experiment. The next iiir 2,000 tons were brought, and iu sixen years its aggregated sales in that untry amounted to Si00.000.000. and one single year since to ?8,425,000.'. New steel works are to be erected in liicago at a cost, including seventyre acres of land, of $2,000,000. The >w establishment is to be completed ithin a year, and will consist of four ast furnaces. Bessemer converting orks and steel rail mill. Jt will tmoy 2,000 men, consume 250,000 tons of e per year, and* turn -out 90,000 tons rails. The German papers publish the i'olwing figures concerning the news- . ipers and periodicals in existence: / 1 Germany there are 3.778; in Austria, 200; in England, 2,509; in France, 000; in Italy, 1,226; in Russia, 500. ltogether there are in Europe 13,600 swspapersand periodicals. In Asia lere are 388; in Africa. 50; in Amer a, 9,129; and in Australia, 100. The umber for the whole world is 23,290. He, A space? She, Moits love, They meet, More dove, . Get sweet, A wnlk, They stnile, A talk, Awhile, Some moon. Then lie Much spoon; And sigh, ' " Null ood " "Oh, love," They wed "Oh. dovo," And then Embrace Amen. c ?Keokuk Gait City. The Koyal Agricultural society of ngland offers two prizes, one ot $125 .h nf a.v) fomfiw varieties of iu nuubuvi v* ?, heat. The competing sorts will be loroughly tested in at least four diffcrit localities, and the prizes awarded ter the harvest of 1880. Whether anying better will be forthcoming than e varieties already well-known remains be determined; but the offer of the ciety is a liberal one, and will douht3S call out numerous competitors in iirope as well as in this country. The United States is divided into ree military divisions, as follows: rst?The Missouri, Lieutenant-Genal Sheridan commanding, embracing e departments of Dakota, Platte, Misuri and Texas, commanded respectely by Brigadier-Generals Terry, rook. Pope and Ord. Second?The tlantic, Major-General Hancock comandine, embracing the departments of e East, South and Guit, commanded spectively by hinwlt, Colonel T. H. uger and Iiritf:uiier-Gcn? ml Augur, turd ? The Pacific. M.-ij .r-General cDowell comin mdiutr, ?-mnr:iring the bailments <>i th? Columbia, Caii rnia and Arizona. in:?i??i?u n-ectivcly by Brigndier-Griicnil Rowd, by himself arid by Color.t-1 A. V. aulz. Queer Happening. A. PottsvillefPa.) lad jumped the rope 4 timeo, and died. The f.xplosioa of a coffee pnt ruino'l e eyesight of a woman in Portland e. A large eagle, while soaring in t'n r at New Hamburg, Va., was stiii' k * 7 liehtning. A destitute Indian woman of S ;n iego, Cal., went from house to house ying to sell her little girl for im )llars. Maria Pascuala, an Indian woman, ive birth recently to six children, ihr- e >ys and three girls. She lives in Cor>va, Mexico. A few months ag? a colored woman in ayti began to grow white, and now lere is not a trace of color in her skin, id she is much displeased at t?.e lange. In digging out a squirrel from under a le of stones, where it had taken refuge, aces of silver were discovered :it Rod.df, Pa. /