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I The Press and Banner. j By HUGH WILSON & W.C.BEXEt ! Wednesday, August 6,1879, The Savannah Valley Railroad. j. KlsewheiTin this isxne of the /Yrsji, nuimrr wo nublish the otfu-ial report |, of the County Commissioners declaring!, the result of the election its to whether i, the tax Pavel's of Magnolia, Lowmlcsville anil Calhoun's Mills should tax themselves for the grading of the Savannah Valley Kailroad, and we also ptthlish tlie* j protest against the fairness of the elec-j tiou in Magnolia, as well as the ?*ci*till-1 atcs of two of the managers at that box. J 'I his will be interesting reading to allj parties, whether favoring the tax or not. j The taxpayers will of course have the right to appeal from the decision of the Countv Commissioners to tiie higher i court where we presume the legal con- j test would finally rest, let the decision of the County Commissioners be for or against the tax. In this light it matters but little in our opinion as to what they | may rule. At present, however, the mat-1 ter is .at rest. The opponents of the measure, wo presume, will act on the de-1 fensive, and will in this event, wait un-J til the tax i* levied before they niovo lur-; ther iu the matter. The friends of the j Koad, we are informed, do not intend to I ask the Auditor and Treasurer to levy | the tax until 1SS1. At that time, when j the tax is levied, the resistance will hike j tangible shape. Tho collection of taxes! for this purpose will most likely bo suspended by a restraining order until legal decisions aro rendered in tho higher courts. The Bible Society Meeting. Last Wednesday the annual jnoctin:; of the Abbeville District Bible Society took phce in tho Methodist church at this , pace. The Rev. K. I). Smart of Union, preached the annual sermon, and took i or his subject the "Necessity ior, aim our Obligation to Perform Missionary Work." Tlie sermon was an ablo one, ] full of interesting facts regarding tlie j American Bible Society and the work of Missionaries in heatben lands. The scr- j mon abounded in so much beauty of I thought and breathed so much of the : true Christian spirit, while reciting facts , which could only be obtained by < much research that wo asked for the copy ] ' 4 of the oration that we might present it to ' our readers. Our failure to get the copy | is the only reason that we have not pub- ' lishedit. We congratulate the Metho- ( disLs of Union in having a ministor pos- , Knssini? somnnv of the requisites of the i ?? ? - j pastor. A man of education, of spotless ? character, with a large sharp of personal 1 magnetism, he cannot fail to bo a useful and acceptable minister. At the conclusion of Mr. Smart's sermon, S. C. Cason, I0sq., one of the rising members cf the Abbeville Bar, delivered the Annual Address, the subject being "The Incarnation of Divinity as Revealed in the Bible." This was an eloquent address to which the audicncc gave the i { best attention, and which received the commendations of somo of the most learned Divines in whoso presence it i was delivered. Mr. Cason is a ready I writer and has rnanj* of the elements of j the orator. Interview with General Longstrcet. ' In another column will be found a h most interesting review of the war by 1 General Longstreet, the hero of many a struggle. At the last of the article the , writer closes up with the usual narrative ! about the praying capacity of the ofiicer 11 in question. That General Longstreet J or any other General or private soldier , should say Ills prayers in the face of|< death is no unusual thing. Wo presume' there were lew soldiers in either army %vho did not on the eve of battle and in the.presence of death send up their petitions to the throne of mercy. Religion is neoessary to our nature, whether it be the truo religion of tho Supremo Huler, . or whether it be tluit of false gods. When this correspondent reminds us ^ of the haptism of General Bragg iir the presenco of the army, our miml involuntarily reverts to tho revolting scene of tho shooting, by his orders, of the little | < Louisianian, the only son of a widowed j( mother, and who had.committed no grav-11 j 1 cr offence than that of discharging his | #uns, in shooting a chickcn by the road- 11 aide. The memory does not even fail h us at this point. Every soldier of the!] Wt?*u?*~a army Kiu/wa mat una iv*iuu j>?- i ous General Brass hail his soldiers shot; [ by the dozen. Wo would like to hayo a i ^ rest on pious Generals. We are ready to believe that we had better Generals than the Union army had?by this we do not mean more pious Generals?but Gcne^ ^ rals better skilled in the arts of war. Free Bridge at Bozcman's. We are glad to learn of the agitation ofj the subject of a free bridge at ltozeman's j on the Saluda. We have frequently j alluded to the bridging of the Saluda. It i *s one hardest streams to bridge1 in the upper part of the State. We favor j tho building of permanent bridges set j on stone piers, above highjwator mark. To put up tlje ordinary trnp on sticks in the mhd, to be carried down the stream ' by the first freshet, is simply a foolish j waste of the public money. We favor; the bridge, and hope to see it built, but' we want it put on stone piers, to stand forever. Skilled workmen can put s\onej piers that will remain permanently on | piles driven in the mud. We say build1 the bridge, but build a good one. Let ' the Commissioners build .such a bridge j! at Bozeman's as they are now building < at Erwin's Mills. It is economy. The Pickens Sentinel. 1 We would state in reply to the Piclccns i Sentinel's article of iast week, that the ed-11 itor who wrote the article in our paper to ' which he objects, had no intention of be- j ing offensive to any body, though it is, fair to admit that the article is suscepti- j ble of having ill-humored construction. J He is away frome homo at present and j has not seen the Sentinel'# article. Tho , Sentinel is one of our most esteemed ex-; ehanjjes which is read as regularly &s any paper that comes to this I nrhn fr^minnf ovt rru't.v from tlint. UUIVU* A ??V ?v..? paper, will bear testimony to this fact. | Let. us endeavor not to be too sensitive to { each other's seeming faults. The finili-: nel will ever find the Press and Banner endeavoring to be courteous not only to, itself but to every other exchange. ^ The Jeff. Davis Business. In another column we give quite a j readable article on the subject rg Mrs. I Dorsey's will in giving to Jeff. Davis an J estate valuod at $250,000, leaving her nat- j oral heirs without a dollar. It is said | that they are too poor to engage council, i If this bo true the great and chivalrous j Davis will have an easy victory in the! courts. He is very lucky in lawsuits I any way. The coolcst thingof the whole j proceeding was Davis's letter of condolence to these poor people in which he sent some trifling relict which he supposed they would prize more highly than anything else. The difference between Grant and Jeff. Davis In receiving presents seems to be?the former received gifts from politicians, the latter takes from an old woman that which would legally have gone to her poor relatives. The atlanta number of the Educational ifon/Aly published at Charleston, contains the Baccalaureate Address of the Ilev. J. I. Bonner, D. D., President of the Due West Female 'College. The JCducalumal Monthly Is a good paper, at 50 cents a ycax i wi-KPi.' W??W? ? The Kains. I'uiing tho pa>t week wo have had abundant rains in every scction of tlio county, ami tlio withering vegetation have taken new life. The cotton is shedding many of its forme, hut it i* thought; that others will putont. <>nr farmersap-1 pear much more cheerful than formerly, | ami many appear hopeful, while others| [ \press the opinion the crops will not bej <o near a failure after all. The upland | ?orn, however, is almost a compieiu iauure. A direr College. Wo ask your attention to tho advertisement of t!iis excellent institution of, learning, which may l>e found in another' column. This College lias an able corps I r>f I\iofessors. some of whom arc welli known to tiio people of Abbeville County. THE SAVANNAH VALLEY. Protest against tlio Legality of thei Election in Magnolia. "Wo, the undersigned voters of Magnolia Township, protest against tho election held at KileV's School House in MatrnoliaTownship, on Thursday, the thirty- , first day of .Inly, 1S7J?. to decide tiiej , question of "Subscription,'' or "no Subscription," t?? "The Savannah Valley i?'iitrn:iil Coniiiahv" l)V said Township,J and respectfully pray the County Coin- v inissioners of Abbeville County to set tlio sll!n(, aside and order a new election, c on the following grounds: A ]. Because the polls were ordered to f be kept open from nine o'clock A. M. until four o'clock P. M. instead of from M six o'clock A. M. until six o'clock 1'. M. j| as provide! bylaw. J. Because although tlie polls were or- ? dcreuto be kept open from nine o'clock , A. M. until fonr o'clock P. 'M., thev ^ were not opened until after nine o'clock A.M. _ 0 Because t!ie Managers of said elec- ^ tion were not properly qualified. X 4. Because tlio oath administered by 8, the Managers of said election to tlio vot- f L-rs only required that they should have a been residents of the State for one year c and of the county for sixty days next preceding the election, without requiring t that they should have been at the time of f <aidelection rci.lents of tlio said Town- ^ ship of Magnolia. ,">. Because the Managers allowed the s ballots to be deposited in an open drawer a instead of in a ballot box secured by jj lock, as provided by law. (I. Because the ballots wero deposited j in many instances by the Managers for a the voters instead of by the voters them- e selves, as provided bv law. E 7. Because soiuq of tlio persons who j voted at said election were under the age g if twenty-one years, and others did not o reside in the Township of Magnolia or t lnrvo any taxable property situated in it. a S. That all the Managers of said elec- n lion at Kiley's School House in Magnolia 1; Township, State of SoutU Carolina, <> County of Abbeville, on the 31st of July, . 1870, were in favor of voting the Subscription to the Savannah Railroad Coin- ? panv and that at least one of said Man- 1 liters electioneered on the day of elec- T Lion. Ji. A. Boyd, c J. J. iriLr., J. Edward CALitorx, j Tiros. <i.v Knriuht, S. T. Eakins, j ft. M. AbTjKs, t S. F. Ahlks, 1 J. A. Xouwooi), j W. P. Pickens, i M. T. Hutchison, l A. O. Grant. 1 ( Certificates of tlie Manners at Riley's 1 School House. c S. C. Riley, Manager at Riley's School ' Mouse on tho 31st of July 1ST!), for the 1 purpose of determining whether Majrno- J iia Township should vote subscription or no subscription to tho Savannah Valley [ Hail road Company, saycth on oath the j .'lection was fairly held, and that there j iinfiiirnnuo nn/1 Hmfc lin dill nol see any votes given to any person, except t :o the managers who deposited tho vote I j for them. The election was conducted, 11 is far as he could do so, in accordance c with the orders of tho County Commis-lv doners, and that the polls'were opened at t o'clock a. m., by tho watches of two of c the managers and that each voter was reinired to swear that lie was legally enti- j tied to vote at said election, and that fur- ' tlier the managers were qualified before opening tlie polls. S. O. R1LKY. ' Sworn to 1th August 1870, before <i. M. ; Mnttison, Chairman Hoard. 1 1, S. C. Link one of the managers at Hi ley's School House on the 31st of July, 1 1ST!),*do agree with S. C. Riley in every 1 particular as stated by him, and aver that 1 the same is correct. S. C. LINK. 1 Before G. M. Mnttison, Chairman Board I August 4, 1879. ? ttinutes of the Abbeville Bible Socic- t <> ! The anniversary meeting of the Board of x tdreetors of the Abbeville District Bible So- H siety was lichl in the olllce of the President jn Wednesday,:Wth ?f August, 1879, at ten j'clock A. M. J1 Present?Judge Thomson, President. It. II. t tYardlnw, J. II. Basltin. Dr. J. L. Prcssly, I e lev. J. F. (Sibert, Ucv. Dr. Bonner. J. K. ('. jc OuPre and W. II. Parker, After prayer by y Rev. .1. K. Gibert. the minutes ot the last i, ueeting were read and approved. J. F. C. JuPre, Librarian and Treasurer, read his re- b >ort which was ordered to be submitted to a [he Society. " A letter from Itev. S. II. Jefferson. colored, ti ind others, asking the Society for donations v >f Bibles and Testaments was read to the i\ ioard and ordered to be laid before the .Socle- ( After prayer hy Rev. I)r. Bonner, the ;. ioartl adjourned to attend tlie anniversary jJ neeting of tlie Society at the Methodist b hutch. 11 "J'lie anniversary meet In? of tlie Abbeville b district Bible Society wos held at tlie Mel ho- ig. ilst cbureli. Kev. U. D. Sniarl d reached the | ' erinon andS. C. Cason. Esq., delivered the jr miiual address. Alter tlie address the Soeie- *' y was called to order by the President. Judjre w I'homson, and the business was opened with o: rayer by Rev. Mr. Simmons. The following ielegates from auxiliary societies were re- I f, sorted as in attendance: From Due West? Kev. I)r. Bonner, Prof. Ioodand Dr. Miller. CedarSprings and Long Cane?W. T. Brad-1 o: eyandJ. W. Wideman. I u Greenville Clnireh?Andrew Stephenson, J.!... \ Mundy and .1. C Hodges. j, J. P. C. DuPre submitleil his annual re-jJ1 >ortsas Librarian and Treasurer, which, on \ H.( notion by K. 11. Ward law were referred tojli ill auditing committee consisting of L. W.t k 'errin, VV. J. Smith and (i. M. Jordan. |tl The Librarian was instructed to procure c, mil turn over to tin- Due West auxiliary so-1 j :iety boolcs tr> tlie amount of their contribuion, twenty-four dollars and seventy-rive Iu ents, and on.motion ot Mr. Wardlaw tho| *! vuru uoimic iiiitruiiMii uuiui mt i' irer's report, and the word "supplied," or- I lered to be subsl i tu ted. o A report from the Greenwood society anmuucing their reorganization and the aj<-1 lointment of delegates was laid before the oeicty and ordered to be tiled. The petition of Kev. S. II. Jefferson and' J. \V. Marshall, colorcil, for donation of Jiiiles and Testaments was laid before the Society, and on motion by Mr Colli ran referred j jack to the KxeeutiveCominittee for cousld-1 .'ration. I 1,. W. I'errln Esq., chairman of committee,; submitted favorable report on the reports of Librarian and Treasurer, with a reeonimcndition that the word "County" be stricken out iuid "District" substituted, which was adopted. The report of the Due West auxiliary society was submitted and ordered to be tiled. On motion by L. \V. I'errln, Esq., the Corresponding Secretary was instructed to write to write to the auxiliary societies previous to next annual meeting giving them notice of the time of the anniversary meeting of this Society, and requesting them to send to it I not less than six delegates and such contributions as tliey could make. t'pon eail for new members, Itev. I). J. Simmons enrol led his name. Twenty old members paid their annual subscription as loliows: George White, Mrs. a Lucv White, ttov. D. .1. Simmons Dr. .1. T. iSaskli:, J. S. Cothran, Uobt. Jl. Wardiaw, MissLucy White, I,. \V. While. James II. j v Haskin, \V. II. l'arker, \V. Joel Smith, sam-i* Uel Mctiowan, A. 1!. Want law. John Kd-11: wards, A. K. l.esly, L. W. lVrrin, liev. J. J., j ? Martin, Tints, Thomson, Hugh Wilson, J. K. j-t! Lyon ami J. 1-'. C. Iml'rc. !., Urt'vtivilioauxiliary society reported and; paid in a contribution oJ el^rlit dollars. Cedar Spring* and Long Cane sis dollars | " and l?no westtweuty-lour dollars and seven- J' ty-tive cents. 11 An application from Cedar Springs and t Long Cane Society for rifty iJtbles was grant- j v cd and the Librarian ordered to supply them i j when on hand. J. K l)nf're, Treasurer, reported the amountof funds on hand and on his motion a the same was ordered to bo invested in hooks ii subject to the direction of U. II. Ward law, 1: 1st Vice-President, and Librarian and Secre- t tary. a llev. It. D. Smart was elected an honorary member of the Society. *j On motion by Itcv. Lr. Bonner it was re- J solved that any member of the branch socle- * ties attending the meeting of this society be 1 allowed all the privileges of the Society. 'J XIIUUKS were reiurueu to ucv. i\. u. niuun c for his appropriatesermon and to 8. C. (Jason ,, Esq., for his address. An election lor olliccrs was held and all the old members re-elected, and are as follows: 1 Judge Thomson?President. I li. 11. Ward law, Esq., J. II. Bask in. ltev. 'J Dr. tirler. Annsteiid linrt, and Kev. It. N. j. Pratt, Vice-1'residents. Kev. Messrs. J. P. Gibert, J. O. Lindsay, J. . Me Lees, 11. T. Sloan, J. 1. Bonner, Or. 1 Joyce 1 and W. K. I'earson, and Messrs. W. c Mctihee,T. T. Cunningham, J. I<. Presslv. U. a Met*. Miller, ,1 l'arks, 1'. 11. Bradley, Win. c Hood, \V. K. 1 trad ley, and W. K. Blake, Dl- l rectors. ; li. W. White, Corresponding Secretary. Win. II. Parker, Kecordins secretary. J. E. C. Dupre, Librarian and Treasurer. 1 Kev. J. F. Latimer was elected Preacher to ' next annlversa?y meeting, with Kov. D. J. c Simmons, Alternate. . i L. \V. Perrln, Esq., to deliver the address, j with J. Puller Lyon, Esq., Alternate. Alter the benediction by Kev. J. L. Martin, the Socicty adjourned. . \\ M. 11. PARKEK, Secretary. ! l 9 TT Tim Touchers' Association. ?- ' ! A HOST INTERESTING MEETING. I DISCUSSION OX THE MODES OF TEACHING AS WELL AS TIIE j r.V,Y (>F TEAl'HEIiS. Shall we Spoil tlio Koil anil Sjiarc the ' Chi?.!.' j r?nst Thursday and I'riday the Teachers' Association holil their first annual meeting in Ihe Court House, nntl a more interesting meeting wo do nut remember to have ever attended. In what follows wo do not protend to give a detailed account of (lie meeting. To ^do 111:ti would require more space than we have at our command. The oflieial. report may l><; found elsewhere. The adoption of a constitution elicited very general discussion, in which l?r. i'.onner, Professor Hood. Professor Klugh, Colonel Cothran, Prolessor Hlake, and others participatt-d. Tiie constitution waslinally adopted, the defeated party as to some of the non-essentials accepting the situation in good grace, without the manifestation of feeling. Professor Hood railed theattention of the President I)j. tirior to the fact that the hour for delivering the address had arrived. The motion was put by Professor Hood, and l)r. (iricr was requested to proceed with liisjaddress, which was as follows: > Dr. Grid's Opening: Address. ?cllotr Citizen.*mu! Tcuchrrsof AMtrvillc Gbunf#: imnnv^oit .mil vital is the uueslion of edit atiun to cvorv man and woman and child of ubbeville county, ami csi>ccially that peculiar eature of it with which this Association is direetr concerned. the Oommuii School System. that ,o may feel sure of the cordial support ml hearty sympathy of every thoughtful citizen. 'h?ne is not an interest or avocation, secular or eligious, that is not touched by the success or ailijre of the system. And hence the lawyer iu lis oilicc. the minister in his study, the laborer :i the lieid and the mother by tlio cradle, all peak to us words of cheer this day. all look with arne-t desire and bright hope to that co-operaioa of ciTort which this day happily inaugurates. ,et us then begin and prosecutc our work with otne just sense of our responsibility and let us eel and appropriate the healthy stimulus which 11 anxious, expectant, hopeful and numerous onslituency imparts. Called upon as 1 am this day to address the caehers of this county it occurred to me that a ew thoughts, on the elements of successful caching, or the qualifications of the successful each it. might not be inappropriate to the occaioiu I see before mo many men and women wl>o re measureably novices in their profession. They re filling one of the most diilicnlt. delicafe and esponsible positions in society. They find themelves every day greeted by bright and happy aces, the generation of the future, with heart;* .s soft us wax. with minds capable of indefinite xpression, with a desire for knowledge that iianifests itself in a curiosity that is insatiable md an incpisitivcness that would pose and staler the genius of a Newton and tax tho powers if an angel. I venturo to say thero is not a eaclier or parent in this presence but has been sked questions by a child of loss than ten smuuers which the combined wisdom of all the icatheiKUid christian philosophers could not auwor. Holding, then, a position of such rcsponsibihy, ^orse affecting so vitally the well being of State nd church I am sure you will appreciate ny help in your work which others may be able o suggest?and let me say that any suggestions rliinli f liinv make will be based not so much Up hi jK;rsonai success as upon blunders committed Liid ;i painful sense of failure to do what op(ortunity solicited and demanded. I remark first, that all successful teaching implies a knowledge of what is to bo taught* It is a ruism that one can teach only what ho knows I jimself?what he knows well and thoroughly* And et obvious as this truth is, familiar and thread- i jare as it is. it needs to be emphasized at tins j artiouiar time when we are attempting to build J lp a vast educational system, and when onr I icliool boards are overwhelmed with applicant* | or teachers'certificates. The whole plan of teachers' examinations pro- j :eeds upon the fact just stated. It is the design >4 these examinations to measure the knowledge )f the applicant in those branches which he is expected to teach; and he is judged competent >r not according to the answers given. The applicant who blunders in hi* multiplication is judged leficieut in the important branch of arithmetic, ie who loeaterf the Ganges in Southern Europe 9 not the man to teach Geography, and so of my other branch. The effort then to make these xaminations more comprehensive and thorough s a wise one, because- it secures to our schools a ligher grade of teachers and elevates tho Spaniard of scholarship. IL impresses the teachers kith the fact that they must deserve the position hoy seek by a thorough familiarity with its reiniranents! But while all this is true and plain, po plain hat we need not dwell upon it, it is also true hat this examination test, as determining tho [ualUiejitiou of teachers, is by no means satisfacory-indeed it cannot be relied upon: l'or I reuark iu tho next place, that he successful teacher must 7j.vvk a tal-acitv rou communicating his knowlcdoe. Ie may be thoroughly informed in grammar, listory, arithmetic and geography and yet be a >oor teacher. He may fail entirely to inspire hat desire for knowledge, that lovo of truth rhich is the grand end in all teaching. lie may >e so delicient in power of analysis, in a apacity to simplify aud render attractive the opic of the hour that every lesson will be a dull ask to the pupil, except in those raro cases, with hose bright geniuses who need a teacher not to inspire hut simply to guide and curb mental effort, t should never he forgotten that the mo#t cxtcnive and accurate knowledge does not tit me for! , professional cducator. in your own experience! s pupils you have no'iced a marked difference in he success of teachers who did not differ in the xtent of their knowledge?while the one intersted and instructed you, the other simply tasked on. While one stimulated von and made the jsson a delight, the other drove yon to every ubterfuge to avoid a recitation. And inasmuch j s all those tests which are cm])loyed to deter-! line the qualifications of teachers relate only to j lie amount and accuracy of knowledge there is [ ery great danger lent we judge when we have a i rst grade certificate that wc are first ela:? teach- j rs. Let us not thus lower and narrow our pro- J assions. Not only must we have a thorough! nowledge of the branches we propose to teach, j nt we must address ourselves to the work of! laking all knowledge pleasant to those who have j eretofore found their only pleasure in rude j |H>rts, pithless jokes and green fruit. In this j imnection the question of methods of instruction j jrces itself 011 our addition, but as this topic ill no doubt be discussed by others, we will throw j ut only one thought. The teacher of the humblest school is not to j )rget that he is "TI1AININO THE INTELLICKNCK" f those who are to bo learners all their livPK;' jat he is laying a foundation on which his pupils j ill build long after (ho grass has grown upon ' is grave. If he interest tiietn in bis work he must cure their attention. Now there is nothing so i kely to do this as an appeal to the eye. Wo alt now the fascinating interest which belongs to j ie experimental science?how a practical and oc-1 liar demonstration ol a ) rinciplo wakes up the! ullest pupils. We all know how anxious vie are j ot only to hear but to see a speaker, and the j waiter himself w in not willingly forego that 1 c.werful auxiliary to the ear, the eyr. The point i wish to bint ut, and which 1 hope v.-41 be devel- j peel by others is, that the blackboard is one of 1 ie cheapest and at the same tune one of the very j est helps to the teacher in his work. Let me lustrale: Suppose you have a class in geography.! nu wish to locate Lroad lliver in South Carolina, j f the teacher or, better still, if a pupil will go to j ie board and sketch an outline of tne State ?-:id j s boundaries and will thou place the liiver in its J roper place, men let mo pupns compare ?ne ; tap on the Board with the one in tho book, and venture to say there will not only be a more Direct, but a more lasting impression made us to j je 1<>C ation and tliu direction of this important' atcr course of upper Carolina, than bv any oti?-! r plan : and more than that, it is an exorcloj 'Inch will enlist and hold the attention of tliej lost indolent, restless and careless pupil. The j mount of this hint is, use the blackboard, u?e j freely, use it with the lowest and highest classi 1 school. Make tho eye ln-lp the ear. Tho di-! jet result in the progress of the pupils will he iost gratifying, and the order, attention and in-j . rest of the school will be itself a gain worth all} lie effort. And this suggests another qualification for ncces.-fu! teachers, and one, too, which the ex-1 ruination test does not ioucii. TIIKIIK >n:ST KB l'HOJ'EH JVISCIFI.IN'E. [o fcIiooI can do its work unless there is a reign of j iw, order and justice. If yon enter a school-room J nd lind everything in confusion, some reciting I heir lessons at the top of tiie voice, others pre- j aring them in the same stentorian pilch. Home j hooting chiiujiiopiiiri at t lieno.su of the Teacher, I tliers playing "hull gull" or swapping knives, [ on feel at oncc that whatever the attainments of j he incumbent he in not a 1'eaelier' and is cer-1 ainlv in the wrong place. We would like to give j ou the experience of a celebrated Scotch l'ro-1 ""'it uvir/lw i c.-rwi ... .....w.. Hays he; our "Teacher was a gentleman of largo: .ttiunniouts iiurl vast energy of character, with ' ninienso nmscnlar power, unfortunately for i liinKclf and us, an irritable temper. JIo was in 10 wise restrained by the now fangled notions ! dvcrse to corporal punishment If sternness of J nanner and severity of chastisement could have letcrred hoys from disturbing a master lie should iavo dwelt m perfect peace. Instead of Lfvin, his ! ifo and ours were subjected to conntant worry, j Phe scourging went on hotly each day and the! lisordcr roared around in the grandest style. He j vas fond of a good instrument (a strap) which ' rould swing wcH round his shoulders and come j irmly down on ours. Soun after the school had icon opened for the clay, the din commenced, j ['he strapping process began anil soon became ; 'encral to the mhigled consternation and lulight of most of us, who dreadt.d a "whack" )ut exulted in a ''row." Government in such lircumstancus was hopeless and so was leaching mdthe l'rofessor tells us that this man soon ' 1 niwl lu. htith lnntKi'lf in i .UUIKIOUCU II1U |?UIV>ir.v ...... msiucss jiut>uit^ ?ud r<>*o to eminence. Them I s no place ii? this worid where a jxirhoii can bei noro effectually aonoycd and tormented, if he ! lUow it. than in a uchool-room with thirty or] 'orty little urchins around him, all keen for ini.sihief and ea^er for the frav. U:i!csh he h.1-1 the H)wer of coniinand.bis work will soon be a h<>j>ecKh tank. Let it bo observed and always! tcnie.m>eie<i that touching is not for tisu parjJOMi of j li-^ijiline, butdi*ci|?lino for the belli of U*<:c!iiijj<. j [Jovt.rumeut in orly a means to the jjreat end of | Jistiucting aud training utliuitJ, llio latter nut ( - * *- ww. mi, ui w uiiin via m. n.m .uivuiliijji. w%.wn ]onk itnjwrlanl llian the former. That discipline | con is most, effective, that government imist wise ami em tl.at teaching most successful which fosters self-1 t'*ai restraint on the part of llic pupils, which enconr-1 Gre anes most enniesUv trut lifulness, honesty and jam simvrity. Tlic?o things aio belter tliau all Eng knowledge of books. tiiui It we a>k, what is the best method of nccoin- yeai plixhing this we open one of the most ditlicult t ope: and perplexiug question relating to school* j the nml colleges. Without entering on this j whi question, we wish to say thnt wo e: n-. are not sympathize with the sentimentthat wouul j hap l unish nil corpora', jmnNhment from onr school*. The y?m are aware that the School Hoard of the groat j am! city of Now York lias formally prohibited it. Other! tiiwl hoard, have placed such restrict ioti-t upon its in-1 T t!iction that there is a virtual prohibition. We Nor arc old-fashioned enough to think this a mistake. thai We hclicvc that there are certain offences which j end c:iti he properly relinked only with the rod. An j chn instrument which has served ils purpose ill dis-i froi cipliue so long, which nitfedntes the reign of|S;ai Solomon and wliich received the commendation of j trol ihat wisest of men, ou^ht not to he banished city either from the family <>r school; but while we Ii say all this and emphasize it. v;e arc free to say tot that no instrument of good has been more abused Sta! than the rod. It is a sad mistake to make it the tow a;i|K iil in trivial offences, indeed to use it except or s lis a, last resort, l-'car of a lloggiug may force a ore boy to tell the truth, but it tnav also tempt him pro to evasion and prevarication, it may drive him to stiti his tasks, but it will never make him think; ii j ers may restrain the manifestation of an evil disposi- thei tion but it will never remove it, and that is the thei great object to he accomplished. We feel sure Ii that much can he done by kindly counsel, judi- for cious encouragemeut and sympathetic help, sell much which could never be accomplished by se- sac! vere measures. In a'little work by Dr. Guthrie for called "Speaking to the Heart," ho tells the fol- cxc lowing, as quoted by Dr. Calderwood: ''A sol- 1,<K dier, an old offender, was about to be brought ovc before his commanding officer. On his' name tha oeing mentioned, 'Here lie is again' said tin; of- seei lice; 'everthing, flogging, disgrace, imprison- the ment has been tried with him.' The sergeant woi stopped forward and apologizing for the liberty, ado said: 'There is ouo thing that has never been done H with him, sir.' 'What is that.' Well, sir, ho con has never been forgiven.' Forgivcr.' exclaimed it i> the Colonel, surprised at the suggestion. }>- in t fleeting for a few moments, he ordered the cnl- trot prit in and asked what he had to say to the rud charge. 'Nothing, sin,' was his reply; only Fam wat sorry for what I have done.' Turning a kind of lr>r.L- fnrcnvrl flu. linnleneil offender who collected tea< that his punishment would be increased, he Soli said, 'well, we hare resolved to forgive you." and Tlio man was struck dumb with astonishment, to t tho tears started in his eyes and he Vept like a idei child. He retired, and from that day was a changed I man?the narrator says, ''it was the testimony of Sta one who had the old soldier continually under sire his eve, that a better conducted man never wore can tho Queen's colors.' This case is exceptional" Sta highly so wo admit, and we feel that it is almost the perilous to refer to it, but it illustrates the point an : wo wish to make, that even in extreme casty in t there is sometimes a MORE SUCCESSFUL COKUFXTIVE TITAN TIIE BOD. T Let not the teacher, however, infer from this ?j hat a maudlin tenderness is a substitute for the ^ov ri^id reign of law. A pupil soon learns to despise are a master who is ready to forgivo offences for the ^<j1( mere asking, who seeks to palliate and excuse jCSf rather than punish. It is a mistaken and may be aro a fatal kindness to apply a mild salve when the sore needs a vigorous caustic. The oiTander must or| learn that tho way of tho transgressor is hiird. (jUI And he will cherish for the man that wisely learns ma J him this lesson, a regard, deep, lasting and rev- jon erential. in.'a I remark again and I put it last, because I at- ci)n tacli special importance to it, that nijt UOIIAL CHARACTER IS AN ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION j x' ii FOll SUCCESSFUL TEACHING, "11! especially in onr public schools. It is a profound i rcmsirk that deserves to he inscribed over the w]1( door of every school house in this broad land that bes "tho public school system is to bo tested by tbe wn( moral life of the nation in after yeai-s." Who in n(,t there that expects a knowledge of grammar, pec arithmetic and geography to preserve men from wit vice and crime ? Who does not know that mere per [attainments iu these branches may give yon the Ktci I polished villain who cheats and defrauds scientif- ant [ lcally and looks to his geography that ho may he reach a land not engirdled by an Extradition doc | Treaty. Hare our statesmen and philanthropists ,1 I inaugurated this extensive, complicated and ex- ten pensive machinery of our educational system that by j there may be simply intellectual development? hm Is it thus that the evil spirits of onr fallen hu- stn manityr.ro to be exercised? Very far from it. lane j What the nation wants and what tho nation ex-! hai j pects ia that in all these school ho rises there shall j niai be a moral training of tho youth of the land, j ant j Habits of self-denial, obedience to lawful author- j y ity must be formed; love of what is good, pun;: by and true must be strengthened ; and, above all, j nth a controlling recognition of tho supremacy of i wh virtue and morality must bo enthroned in the ma heart. These elements form a It THE HASIS OF A KATIOXAI. CIIAKAfTEU ?i,,f tha worthy of our ancestral linen go and our ancestral nia birthright. Every teacher is to regard himself a tori national educator in all that contributes to the ski! glory and perpetuity of this American Iicpuhlic. I I have no conviction clearer than this, that if the ing true purpose and tho highe>t goi>d of this na- as i tional system of education is attained it must bo i nec bv the help of teachers of high moral character, i po\ Nothing can compensate for the absence.of this, j req Thus tho school house will become tho hand-j per maid of the Church and will light with her against j iuc those evils bred of the keen competitions, clash-1 'J ing interests and furious energy of trade, evils in t ! which we all see and deplore. * Gentlemen and i too I Ladies. it is our business, ana 1 veei snro liiia a , 11? I in our desire, to work for a consummation so de- d >c ! voutly to be wished, and while we this day lay j ticc j the foundations of the Temple of Learning in !" I Abbeville county, lot us plant them in the shadow; li.l I of that other and grander Temple where the t aui worshippers address themselves to Him who is j rily Himself the True, tho Beautiful and tho Good! edi Dr. Bonner's Speech. SCh In every department of businoss, in even- avo- ! J'jK cation of life, success depends, to a greater or less! {c extent, upon the manner in which the work "U! " done. Not every kind of effort is crowned with j !";t success, even in the commonest pursuit*. A wise j J.11" adaptation of means is necessary. Labor is !iot)J."f enough; good intentions are not enough ; per- j' sistent effort is not enough?ability to understand \ !V,; what is needed and f-kiIi to use the necessary j,.?" means are also required. In order to success in fanning it is just as necessary to know what to j do and how to do it as! to have good soil and ! fruitful seasons. Many a merchant who has cap-! ital enough and sense enough fails for want of J I skill iu'that particular business. Many a briefless ; enc lawyer has learning enough and law enough, but j lie lacks those peculiar qualifications, (whatever j the they may bo) for success in that particular profes-! Bui sion. lie might have stood at the top in some other j roo iilusuit. jVIiiny aprencherof the Gospel will, at I he j sue last, have but few stars in their crown?not for j want of piety, but for want of common sense. So L':u in that high and noble profession represented j hero to-day, failure very often occurs for more Sla reasons than one. I sha Thn fir^t rensnn for failure in teaching.' as if I hav occurs to us, Is a want of capacity. The training, I bla< (lie drawing out, the developing of tho wind, is | or > not only one of tho noblest works in whicli a man i c':lc can l'o engaged, but it is 0110 of the mo-it daiicale; 3!|<1 and most dillicult. To do it wisely and well re-; s.ha quires powers of tho highest order. In view of j lict it. the greatest among us may well appropriate J for the language of one of old and say: "Who is | 11 snrticieut for these things!" fun A .second reason for want of success- in (caching jai'd is a want of cultivation. Whatever may be true the in other fields, here no amount of talent will dis- | ^'c' penso with the necessity of culture. How can a Wt'1 man teach what he has'not himself learned? It e*r is impossible. A fool may hear a class recite, but' P?" he cannot help them in their herculean task, nei- j of (her can he impart instrnclion. lie does not j ?>ta' know how to stimulate the idle, (o guide tho in- jll(,t (juiring, to help the weak, or in any way to in- est: fortn the ignorant. It is a case of the blind lead- j ken ing the blind, and we have divine authority as to S00 what the result must be. A mau cannot* tcaeh 1,101 what he himself does not know. ' yea lint, in the third place, a man cannot always teach what he does know. Failure in (he school: f?r room occurs sometimes from a want of "aptness to teach." Tho mind is sometimes like a cistern or reservoir, always ready to receive but never of gives off of itself. Whatever is obtained from it it. must be drawn out. There is no spontaneous or S(. voluntary emptying. The power to learn and the power to communicate are not always found to- rt" aether, at least in equal degrees of perfection. si) Learned professors are sometimes very poor en teachers. They are deficient in language. Their an heads are full but their tongues are tied. They j)c are "learned dunces" and ought to be laid on the j shelf as u-eless rubbish. No institution is more I to be pitied than one that is has such a professor J unless it is one that clogged by the (lead! J.|, weight of a lazy teacher. No school for children : -|; ought to have a teacher of either sort intlieted j pit Upon it. | P<-' But in tho fourth and Ia-*t placo here, soino-! "J' thing more than brains, something more than I education, something more than ability to com-1 munieate, is suppOhed to bo necessary in these n, latter days in a teacher, and that is to know how j op to teach. j bri In days not lonpf gone by the common opinion j '''' was tlint anybody coma icacn, ai icasi ciiunion , school, that no special qualification.-) were wcex-l '!' snry. In the minds of i.ot a few a thorough edu- i {j cation was a positive disqualification for teaching. j A citizen of Abbeville county actually refused, j on only a few yearn to i-otid his children to a j ty certain teacher solely on tin? ground that lie was j ln: a col lego graduate and could teach Latin find j '{u Greek. In dcfercncc to the wishes of stich poojilo j our school rooms have not mifrequenlly been oc-! sj,' cupied by incompetent teachers, by men who ?ei- j lather lenew what to teach, nor how ty tcach, nor! fin how to govern themselves or others; whose wild eh qualification was skill in the tise of the rod. For ('"1 a notable example of such a teacher, see memoir P'1 of Dr. LaBordo, by Dr. Reynolds, in LaBorue's ,jj, History of South Carolina College, pp. H-'J. C),', A better day lias dawned upon us. Henceforth Sol the demand for talented, educated, trained teach- fer ei^ will grow, and he who would not be swept u,'; away by the current must falWu with it. Ho who 'J'} would hold his jiosition as a teacher in Carolina must strip himself for tlio work; must keep \wj abreast with the spirit of the age and utilize the I |,a experience t>f others in the great work of edueat- i ,1 ing the masses. ! sin Among these comparatively modern agencies in: Sl'1 the work of education is i ('i'1 Tlir. NORMAL fidlOOI.. j {j* The word "normal," Webster defines thns:l |?t "According to an established rule or principle? Cuulonm ll to a XVp?i or rrfjumr lumi. .v .writ ml School," ho says, "is a school whose methods of instruction aro {o serve iu a model for imita- / tion ; an inslilution lor the education of teach- pui ers." ii'ii oniora. , A--in many other matters, wo arc ii.deMed to! I:l'j tho Oid World for tlio idea of Normal Schools, t About ?i'0 years r.;,*" tho. celebrated Hermann j Fraiu'l t; t?i7(fmi/.cd (he fiiNt trainin:; whool, Jhr.t- cm we know anything of, at llalle. llis efforts wern iht seconded by l''redcrick tiiv Great and in tbo > ton r.-'c of time Normal Schools Locarnosomcwliat! mr.m in .ill of tlio Statt'3 of Europe. Leas n fifty yearn ago they wcro introdnced into at Britain. About the same time there was lTort to introduce tiicm into some of the New jland States hut it did not succeed at that u. Connecticut discussed the question sixty -h ago, but the first school in that Stato was ued in 1850. In Massachusetts was organized first Normal School in the United States, ch was iii 1H:W, or forty veare ago. Now they to be found in all tlio 'Northern States, per- j s. A.s yet tlu-y are not common in the South, j y are a part of the common school system, j "wherever we li:id the latter working well we j the former. here arc now in the United Stales about 150 i mal Schools, with 1.000 instructors and more it :>0.00(I pupils. Ohio and Pennsylvania havt! j 1 i'2 Normal Schools, while New York, Massa-j >etts, Indiana. Illinois, Missouri have each J a six to ten. In some of the States tliey are :e schools, established and supported and conled bv the State. In some places thev arc ] mi- o.'.ll.ifw ..< ni'ni. i somo States, Teachers'Institutes, iti addition ! ho Norma! Schools aro provided fur bv law? :o Institutes, county Institutes, and even n si lip Institutes, tho lirst to be held annually, emi-annually, and the la-<t to ha held monthly :ven, in somo cases, semi-monthly. An ap[irhtion is made for tin: expenses of these Inutes ?ut of the Slate treasury, and all teachof common schools aro required to attend in, or my a fine amounting to onc-tifth of ir weekly salary for each dav's absenco. 11 some case# separate schools aro established gentlemen and ladies. In otixir cases one tiol is made to answer for both sexes. In Masliusetts they have 3 for both sexes and two women only. There are none for gentlemen Inyivoly, and it is worthy of note that of the Id pupils in the 5 Normal Schools in that State r !)0!) of thern at tho date of tho last report t we have seen, were of the gentler sex. They in to be popular with the women and this, by way, is no mean argument in their favor, for neu are always ready to discover and ready to ipt that which is good and useful. omctimcri Normal Schools are attached to the liiion schools and aro so mixed with them that i difficult to draw the line of distinction. Pupils hose schools are token in childhood and taught n A B C np. They are taught hero tho very iuionts of education, and thence carried ford to the graduation clay. In tho latter part their course thev aro trained in the art of ailing. In other cases pupils outer the Normal tool after they have completed their education 1 they go at once to the work of learning how each what they already know. This is the true i of a Normal School. n some of the States the advantages of tho to Normal Schools aro offered to all who dei them, without any reference to their future cur. This is tho case in New York. In other les, as in Indiana, we believe, before entering school the pupil is required to give a pledge of intention to spend a term of years in teaching bat State. ADVANTAGES. 'lie advantages of Normal Schools aro supposed >c various. 'irst, and chiefly, in them pupils are taught v to teach. Here, as in other tilings, there , as we suppose, two extremes to bo avoided. ) first is tho idea that old methods are worthi, and the opposite is that tho new methods perfect. There have been thousands of good shers who never saw a Normal School, and, the other hand, wo have no doubt many a ice has enjoyed the best advantages of a Nor1 School and then went away utterly incoiupet to teach. The best of teachers cannot make in.-, and the poorest of teachers may, by .nee. do something towards drawing out the ids of tho pupils. Harm is always done by a 1 that is not fonuded on know Jo Igo. lint good ugs are not to bo rejected because they have vorthy advocates. 'lie true idea of a Normal School is a school are the instructors .are the best, and where the t methods are n-sed. It is a model school, i.re teaching is done in the best way. We can conceive how any one who has tanglit, or exts to teach, can witness such an exhibition hunt being benefitted. Now, if we put such a non into too school and let them beeome, inid of ^ilciit spectators, active workers, learners I teachers at the sauie time, the benefit must vastly increased. It must, in that case, bo ided and permanent. l man who undertakes to lea^n a trade, it matj not how simplo it may be, will bo bene lilted the experience of those that have gono before i. Ho may learn it by himself, without inaction, but ho will consume unnecessary time I will v...is>r> iiiiitvri.il in tlm nroirGAs that mL'llt c 1 'cuii sarai uuder more favorable circumuces. He would have learned his trade quicker I bettor under the tuition of an adept, io with the art of teaching, it may be learned experience in tho school room vrithont any er teacher than commrtn sense and necessity ich is said to be the mother of invention. Lut eh precious time will be wasted ; there will be jarful wear and tear of temper and feeling: 1, worse fltan all, many errors will be adopted t will have to !>u corrected and, worse still, nv precious and immortal minds may be dieted and twisted and ruined by tho want of lli'iii handling. n no profession, perhaps, except in the proacliof thi! Gospel, is the responsibility so great in teaching. In none is greater tact and skill essarv than in drawing out and developing the vers of tlic mind; and at no period are these aired more than in the early and formative iod, for "jiu;t as the twig is bunt, the treo is lined." .'he Normal School proposes to help teachcrs heir work by touching them- how to use HumIs in tho i est possible way. Just as young vers are hcipud by most courts, and young ftors aro aided by clinical and hospital pracecocd. Normal Schools arc helpful in establing a uniformity in the methods of teaching 1 managing schools in a given State. Ordina , a thousand teachers in a State, having been icated iu different schools, will adopt euuli his a method, :md children in passing from one ool to another, as from the primary to the h school, and from the high school to the co!e, will fir.<t have to unlearn iu one what h3 i learned in the other before lie is ready to ke any progress in t he new Held. This is a canty. Normal Schools propose to remove it, thcro are only a few of these schools in a !e anil they aru supposed to follow tho same thuds, so that their pupils will all work after same model and will adopt the same, methods, is is an incidental benefit, but teachers know t it Li one of no small magnitude. PRACTICAL SCO JL'STIONS. - n :" ?Hift nr?r.ri_ o of the most enlightened Hlaics awl comuiues before us, it seems uuaocossan to disetiHS advantages of training schools for teachers, t a duty may l?c plain and yet there may bo m for diversity of opinion as to haw (hat duty add i <o performed. What cau wo do, and what flit wu to do, arc practical questions for us in olina. Suppose we admit that we ought to e a Normal School, or Normal Schools, in this le?how many shall wo have? and where II thuv he located i If wo have one, wo must 0 two?one for the whites and one for the :k?. Shall we liavo one of each for both sexes ihall we have one for each color and one for h sex? Shall they bo established by the State 1 supported by annual appropriations? Or 11 tliey lie supported by setting off to that pari!ar use a part of the amount annually collected educational purposes? Would thu, or would ot bo a legitimate use of a portion of this d? Could wo not utilize our colleges, male [ female, by converting them, by a request of legislature and with the consent of the colj authorities, for a portion of the year, say six :ks of their vacation, into Normal Schools, the ont-o of teaching and other incidental esses to be paid out of the State treasury or out Uic school luiiar ur, 111 me event iuu.i u>c le fails to do anything for such schools, Is it ni the reach of every county ia the State to ililish within her own borders, and for tho eiit of her own teachers, a Normal School of d grade, to be continued, say, for three iiths, or six months, or nine months of the r?the county paying the teachers of said XorSehool out of a "fund raised by a special tax that specific purpose ? Professor Morion Greenville, delivered nn exceedingly inresting address on (he subject of (iraded hools. .The Association passed n resolution ijucsting Mini to write out n copy of his eeeli lor publication in the village papers, d we will not. anticipate the address by y remarks which could give only an imrfect idea of Its merits. Maj. Ilnsrh S. Thompson, de Superintendent. of Kdueation, uiuoean x|licitt speech, which we would have been id lo have published, but must forego that asure. lie spoke very pleasantly of the oj'ile of Abbeville County and the niann^c iit of the public schools, lie had n high peel for the old plan of teaching which is distinguished for thoroughness and good eipline,and thought the old plan if objeeinable in many respects, certainly develed and brought to public usefulness, many j illiant minds; referring, as evidence of tho ith uf this position, to the many dlstinished.mcii which Abbeville t'ountv bail xlueed. He thought 11. llieiluty of tliepeo- j of Abbeville County to losternnd .sii]>|><>rr ! noble educational Institutions at. Duo | I'st.iiiul spoke til" tlu'iii as being worthy <>r ! iver.?al patronage. The peopleof the connat first giaiicr woulil not ruiilizo liou* my noble men am! women luid been sent t from these Colleges. I'.olli Colleges were Inga good work. Me deprecated Hie malc;ol"llto olllce of County School Com mistier a political oilier. lie thought thatofer should lie appointed l>y the (iovernor, d referred to the remark of a great military icftain who said that the best, mint in the npany should he appointed orderly serin!, aid the next best man should ho put command of the company. He would say if I he best a ml most competent man in thu inly should have the ollicu of County ioul ""'omniissioner, and it made little difenee who wax Slate Superintendent of lvlition. He supported witli the strongest :uii*?nts the policy of Stale education. 'J'ho Hot in the hands of an ignorant people in a I puolic wns more dangerous than an army [ tn hamicrt. Education should go with the Hot. ilajor Thompson rriade sv favorable impres- ! u upon our people WHO would be glad lo ] here more freij lien tly. lie seems tola* an , nest worker in the duties of his ollleo, I while here expressed pleasure in per- > ming his duty to a peopk'wl-o hud received n so kindly. oCcssor Mood's Essny on the S;ila- j rics of 'IVsu'Iicrs. ksall our schools nre public and free dn*!n<c ] rt ol" tlit* year, anil the salaries allowed f->r chiiijj theiii now modify the pay of teacli- . in {.'cuerat, and will control tliciu more I il nio'.v if J"ft to Iheir n:ittiral tendency, u r i-stimale of them cannot be inadi: will:- | i entering <h? common public school j tistics as iniporlniiHaclors in ihecsUnialc. j ill nso lli>- re|iorl.of tin;State Superintend* . of Kducat ion lor I'W, and 111? report. of , ! i'oin:i:t.<sionc-r of Milieu Lion at Wit-shiny- I i lor j Tlio average monthly my nf teachers of y public schools in :J3 States in 1S7IJ was $4l.7">; c In South Carolina in 1S78, S31.S2; In Abbeville J( county in 1S7S, 1!)."iU, Hence, our County paid J< S?.'.)!t less than t he average of.il suites, and 'I ST.i'ii less tliau I he average of all the Counties t in South Carolina. s rn lsrtJ the average time the public schools were open In :i2 States was a fraction less than a I months; in 1>7S in all the counties in South t Carolina, :i 1-10; In Abbeville, .">? months, v Ilence, our county, ISTS, kept her schools open H nearly !!<; month longer tliau the average of a :*2 States,"in 1S7(> and 2'' , louver than the aver- c aire of ail the counties in South Carolina in s ls7S? Cut while she rnls-sl more money, and c kept her schools open ioilier than any eoun- t ty in the Shite, excepting Charleston, she t, a K-ss mommy wages limn ^>out 01 mu| counties. * i' on lirst view,thismightho counted to her! crriiii, us it was apparently getting much doncfor.onall pay. In my opinion, iioweverl it will not be found to be a safe policy. The I annual average salary pa HI by the county was onlySHS.M. Ten moiit.lis, including both the public anil the private term,is a lull year Tor any school. Hut as months were covered by the public I terni, only t;? were left for private .contract. Thirty dollars per month is ocliuved to be a I lair average salary for teachers of ail grades I on private contract, at present prevailing prices. Tuis gives the averago,salary of S-l-'l.-1 s:t, less than -ft per day for the working days in ten mouths, anil le.-s than Si cents per day for the worltiug days In a year. The terms of private contracts cannot Ik; found in published statistics. They must b.? learned by in<ialry, and are to some extent matter of conjecture. Still I feel some assurance that the figures I lmvc glvcu, though not capublc of proof by any date within njy reach, will not fall below the truth, except, possibly, In a very few of the more advanced towns and educational ecnties in the county, it is within my personal knowledge that a first class Lea (flier, and one of the most laborious workers in the county, located In a prosperous community where educational expenditures are as freely made as In any other, received by private contract SIO per month. T believe, tiiciefore, thai my est!mates are not too low, and that a large majority of the teachers present will confirm the slalcineiits">that nearly all the schools in the county are run oil salaries ranging from i'-'na lor teachers of the low-1 er grades, lor the higher ones. A few exceptions are admitted as stated before.! There are one hundred and fifty teachers' ecr- I Silicates in tin! county, ten or tilt ecu will COVIT ;t 11 I ill* exceptions lil lil>ur III NIIUII^ over S'W.I. I I have taken sonic pains to ascertain the > salaries in other employments, so that we , limy see the subject in contrast. < In mercantile business, in our interior cities < towns ami villages, salaries ratine t hus: book- | keepers, iinK) to ; salesman, S'Xi'J to SllWO; I managers, S'JiK) to SPJUO. < Itailroads South pay according io the length I and business of the road as elsewhere, but at i a very low rate. Superintendents receive i SttOOti toJUWO; assistant superintendent, S13I0 ( to sisut); eouduetors. to illNKl; depot agents i SM):) to tdiW: clerks, SlfS) to SSOO; section inns- i ters, ^ijo to5WW; master machiulsts, StJOU to SIS'M; ordinary machinists, .<?Jil to carpenters, :f.liw to $7*0; telegraph operators, SvMO i to 5l^i.i; treasurers, il./U to S-JOX); road masters , iijmi toSlstiu. in tirst class cotlon mills, wages run thus 1 Superintendents, $!W0 to ShitM; overseers of i departments, tflouo to tl-V.lU; assistant overseers, to$l";i; common helps, males, SI.50 to; females, Slij totfilj; weavers, male and female, S170 to $>25; boys and girls, ?75 to I $! ?). I Mr. I'inkorson's exposure of tho Mollic Maguirc combination states, that in the investlgallon of the management of the I'ennsyi- , vania Coal and Iron Manufacturing Company I by a legislative committee in 1S7:>7:<, Air. | IHIWUII, i ri'.MUflll U1 , jjiivii VU| that their employees rcceiveil a monthly WagCS Of .T'fio to SI-'). I In all these great industries, positions and; prices are well graded, and in them fidelity | and skill in subordinate positions result in promotion ; so tliat the humblest clerk orj operative in any of them has open before him j and in plain vlewanascending scalcwuf honor | and reward, to fan ainbition and incite to perseveringetfort. They arc nil well organi-| zed, and the otilcers In whom resides the j' power to promote are tic<|iiainu'd with >, every position and its occupant.; and thus, I merit is quickly seen and rewarded. Such is; not the case with the (easier. His is a wide' area, the system under which he works is j not wed organized, and in it, no similar pro1 motions exist. Small salaried railroad agents 1 can generally supplimenc by combining express work ami cotton weighing with their; road duties. Miners and factory operatives' j can employ ail the members of their families, j and thus multiply producers. No similar ad- i vantages are found in the profession of teach-1 ins. When a man of family engages in teach-1 ing. the productive power of his family decreases, because his supervision is withdrawn. Vou remember 1 found the annual average salaries of teachers in the county io be c'24/t.S!) for I lie public and the private terms added, in order to make the matter very sure, and that our teachers may appear as favorable as i possible in comparison with other salaried j workers thai.I have mentioned, let us assume J that i have under rated what tcachors rucolve bv private contract over and;abovo wiiut the I county pays, and that I ought to add 51)' per ] cunt, to my estimate. 'This would ratso the ! average iroin i.'I.M) to S3t>5. Hut even then it will oe equal only to the salary of the lowest salesmen mi stores, all book-kecpersand managers will si 111 be above it. it will b?; equal only to the least paid nfllrondngcntsnnd telegraph operators at unimportant way stations,! and the most unskilled road carpenters, superintendents, assistant superintendents, treasurers, conductors, road and section masters, eierks, and ail 'machinists would be above it. in cotton mills, his pay ranks only witii tlie best weavers and common helps. .VII lite important positions command higher i pay than he receives, ills wages is less than | tlie common miner in the Coal and irouCoin-i ! pany rciorred to above. what salaiuios orruiT tobe. Those figures and coinparisonB show !i slate | or litmus not tuvorublc t<> the intercuts ol education. 'in say Hun, the teachers' salary ought to be greater than the wilurj oi'tUe best ela.?s of .store clerks; carpenters ordinary machinists, section masters, conductors unit clerks ol'railroad companion; weavers and assistant overseers in cotton mills, and me common miner of coal and iron, would not be extravagant. Vet they are all better paid., Mian lie is. .None of their positions require talents lusher than is found in the mass of our teachers. Tncy are lilled by persons noted tor fidelity in business rather than peculiar endowments. Some of them, it is true, served apprenticeships, and others lirsl worked in humbler station.-.; but in whatever way they prepared themselves lor higher worn, they carried a living in the meantime, they g?vc no unpaid l;ibor, and expended 110 capital to gain tlie point. If thrifty, tiiey could accumuftitc means at every step. Most of our teachers on the other hand have spent from lour to six years in preparation tor their work at an annual cost ofcWJ to i'Jiu. i'ne teacher, moreover, labors in a dcpartiueut of lilc vastly more important than they, it is admitted that their work Is essential*to the material progress and coutiorl of society, still they deal only with the gross articles ot trade and commerce. Tlie teacher works in the liighur domain of inlnd. lie is eo-laborcr| with parents in exciting and shaping thought eon troll tig the will, cultivating manners, and taste, awakening the sensibilities, and kindling a noble ambition for great stretches of i Intellectual work; with tlie minister of tlie I K'jspel 111 restraining the passions, win mug I II... I,, iri.nl li.ikjxh, JLiiii 111 |<*:i(Ii||*r Hi | the way to 11iin lti whose tear lies the beginning of wisdom. Thomsons lilies may be trite, but Ihey give us nt least a pretty conception of a part of the teachers' labor. "Delightful task, to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea liow to shoot, To pour the fresh instruction o'er tiie mind, To breathe tiie enlivening spirt, and to h* Tin* generous purpose in the glowing breast." The merchant's clerk measures fabrics and weighs products, but the teacher tliapcs ami strengthens tiie mind that, measures me circuit oi the comet, and weighs the stari without a balance ; the machinist constructs and adapts the various parts of the engine to revolve ihe whecisoi the train; but tiie school originates and controls the dynamics that revolve the wheels of society, Mluto and Church ; the conductor transports tiie products of the lield; but tile teacher infuses energy into the mind that transports the thoughts and wishes of men over mountains and under seas on cords ol wire: the factory weaves lints and Xibres into cloth; but the teaciiel" clireel's the mind Unit weaves the theories of Ine and government; the miner digs dowii the quarries of the hills, but the teacher gives courage* and aim to the mind tiiat igatuers up 111 laws of the uuivcrse and builds into the massive masonry of science. .Shall not the teacher, therefore, be paid | more than those,as his work is higher? Itis lie that gives to us what "Youth instructs, old age delights, Adorns prosperity, and when Of adverse late we led tiie blight 'Twill comfort and solace us then." As a general rule, men prepare themselves Willi a care and thoroughness proportioned to ii". ?riir..<?i?ii In vi..w. tiiuili' i""-"- j - quale compensation it lives competent teachers into oilier employments ami leaves lliis important tield lu men oi low or medium capacity. Education, like tiie trades in one i sense, is regulated ny the common law that : what you get is in proportion to what you pay for it. With present low prices, but lew persons of high endowments will encase In Icuchingasa permanent business, in lulurc, I as now, most oi our male teachers will lie < young iiicii wiioiiave Just completed a college eour.>e, or are in process thereof, uird Wlio i siop on tlieir way lo other professions only lo I meagrely replenish an cxiiausicd purse. i Hence no special preparation or adaptability I is sought by iiiem as would be lor a perma- ; neiil business. II prices were higher, much line talent would stop here. To proceed as at I present will destroy both private and public ] sciiools. i HOW TO MAKK TIIEM WHAT TitEY SIIOI'I.D ! HE. 11 is not more important than difficult to i say how prices can be improved. I '1'he llr>t step, i anrsatisfied, lies with the i County Hoard of Examiners and the Hoards | of Trustees. They manage the system in its | | appti. ii ion to society. 'Hie former (tetcrili- I ines bow long the schools shall be open; the < latter, tin- pay of ti-acli?:i'.<. It Is witliin their ? colijollieit ppwer to Miorten the term and in- i crease the pay. It is tin error to iry toaccotn- \ plish too much work with too little money, i it is wisdom in a ship-wrecked vessel to put ( itscrewon short rations, but not wisdom to i put teachers on short pay because lunds are ( .small, 'i'liey can desert tne vessel and leave ( it lu the wroclt. The sentiment of men gen- J orally must be toned up. The action of these t Hoards will lead the public mind in whatever i direction they move. I Every township, or school district, is laid i oli Into separate school bounds, within each t of which, is a given number of children, and u a given amount of intelligence. These facts | are well known to the Hoards of Trustees, i; mid in fairness require tlmt prices should vn-1 r ry. No person should l>v required to teach j lii'iy pupils for the name he would got fori" teaching I weto.v-fivt' Moreover, the labor t needed to (each ill a highly enlightened coin- t muiiiiy is greater than in a less enlightened c one. It may he lhat they both demand the jo services of first elass teachers; hut still the | labor is not eijual,?why should the pay he jo equal ? 'l'wo salesmen or book-keepers ol'iji .iqual capacity may seek omuioyment in the Id same town, lull it does not follow that Ihcirjy wages will lie the same. That depends upon i other circumstances altogether. 1 know of j a 110 law t hiti forbids t lie grading of schools as j s well as leaehers. Why not have it minimum, t medium and maximum wages lor each grade' j of teachers ? I jet me Illustrate : We haveld three school communities in I ho same town- j t ship, A, I: and C. A has tidy pupils and | ii bigiily cultured patrons. 15 has liny and me-' |i diniii culture, ? has torty pupils and lncdl-'ii uni cult ore. We have also three teachers j v with I'nvt class certillcatos. To him who I! teicties in A,give maximum wages; to him is vlio teach'", in li, give medium wages; to him , e u ho teaches in C, give minimum wa??.-s, if id a second cl:'i;s teacher gels the school in A, i ? 1 mmuiLi ?i i on can but givo lilm mnXlmnm second the lass wages, Some communities might ob- pai ?ct to the nmk given to their schools; butob- T Htlons arc found In all important matters, be 'his feature would havetheadvantage of bet- wh ar regulating pay according to labor and wre- ent punsiblllty. to The plan adopted bysome local boards, to hot sseas each patron a small monthly amount exj 0 keep up the salary .during the free term or 1 lll not. in myjudgmftnt, prove successful, qui loin'e will bear it, while others will not. As cor , general rule, society will insist that what- otli vor time the public schools are open, they dtu hall be absolutely free. The self-Imposed lo- 'tea al or township tax would moet the end bet- am " 4,*? with t.hr* Hifhl o vote limited to land holders. The great ob- Til ret Ion to it before was that it could be imlosed by persons that had no property to be .Heeled by It. and who could absorb it for j heir own use. I think property holders night besafely trusted with the power to tax ?> heniselvcs for such ail object. ? ito Another plan which, though It must work lowly, should be kept before the* generous, lz.: donations and bequests. It Is true we the .rc a poor people, ill prepared to make bene- hu notions. Still it is to be hoped we arc lin* , roving, uifcl that each year will tlnd us fur- ncl her advanced In prosperity. It is not neees- th( ary for men to possess princely fortunes to ( ,, >e generous. Many small benefactions . rould do the schools more gtxid than a few ?" ;irgd ones. If he wlio plants a tree to shade wll Posterity is a benefactor, surely he who pr, bunds a house of instruction.for youth con ' ers a more histing benefit on posterity. Such bc1 icts are not. unfrcqnenl in the history of colegos. In fact all the private Colleges for ounjj men are either founded or supported nc. n this way, and ways similar. Would that m<; lonatloms wero more frequent during the life j,r( if donors, that they might personally sec the jjc ruits of their munificence. Memory can ask p.,, hr no more honorable and enduring monu- [,?; nent. What reflecting citizcn in the county J)(, loes not revere the memory of Dr. I)e La lowe? fti Kverv vontb tbnt. finishes the curriculum >r Lethe is ivnothorsyllable that continues to I Jjl, ipclI out his lengthened praise. i.c Why can it not bo made popular for men to 1 ,,0 cave small legacies to schools us well as to I' Alleges? Persons need not fear that a fund C8| ?f this kind would ultimately waste for want >f a succession of school ofllcers. Nor need hey fear that any of ourthrifty communities iviil ever become too sparce in population to vj| iced a school. Our white citizens at least i,?, ivill continue to pack rather than disperse. j,'tl In these considerations, 1 may not have ?i. touched the best methods for inc.reaKlng the salary of teachers. Other members of" this (e. \ssoelatlon may differ with mo in all I have u,! suggested, and think others better. No doubt jul ive all agree that teachers are not paid In pro- ,jc portion to the Importance ami amount of ,n [heir work. It Is not beyond the legitimate >pe rat ions of tills society of teachers and n|. friends of education to help to raise more RenBrous views in the public mind In regard to '] my and all plans submitted or individually fH( entertained. To teach men to appreciate and j|' support educational enterprise Is a part of ed- jej ucation itself. yj Tfon. I>. W. Aiken, our Representative In tC: Congress, and Professor Marehant, of Granite- nc ville, being present, Colonel J. .S. Cothran Uf moved that they be invited to seats on this JjJ floor as honorary members. Carried. In Hon. I). IT. Aiken, ? In response, rose and spoke somewhat as follows : od Mr. President: I thank this convention for ?>f the unexpected honor conferred upon mc. I ., know not what to say on this occasion, but I feel so deep an interest In education that I am er sure the convention will indulge tne In a th word or two. I dissent from the views expressed by Professor Morton in relerence to ibolishing the use of the rod in schools. In cil your address, Mr. President, you yourself set th nut very well on the proper use of the rod, but I think, sir, in the last part of your speech ? you went hack on what you said at theitlrst. ar You seemed to take It all back. [Laughter.] I would also express objection to a system of education which requires a child to f go to school from the time he is six years old . nnl il he i-s eighteen, before he is prepared for * > College, I am opposed to the sending of chililren toschool hciore they are ten years old. When they are sent toschool s ?oner they are " very apt to acquire a dlslaste for books and literary pursuits. I govern my own children rm litis principle. The fact Is. 1 do not like to trust the training of my children to others he- of tore they arrive at that uge. In one Instance tl: I varied Irom this rule of not sending my sc children to school before they were ten years tl: old, and If one of my children is moro stupid pi than the rest, It Is the one sent to school he- pi fore he was ten years old. I will give my own hi experience. When I was a small hoy ? was ei s6nt to Mount Zlon school taught by Mr. Hud- is son. If I mistake not it was a graded school as good us that system now so ably and forcl- E hly presented by Professor Morton of < ?reenvllle. Tho Professor. I think, said in the Knoxvllle graded school there was not more than one in four hundred of thechildre/i who were punished. Well, now Mr. President. J sc that may do very nicely for Tennessee, but I | cl toll you. sir, if Mr. Hudson had adopted any . such infrequent use of the rod. he would have had tht; merriest crowd or uoys to no loium anywhere. Itut as it was, he used the rod free- Ql ly, and the result was. as well behaved a set of . boys as could be found anywhere, not excepting In the Knoxvillc Graded School of which my friend speaks. We were divided Into j, classes and taught in different rooms, by as- ^ sistant tendhWM much after the fashion of the s graded s-hoots of the present day, and It was C not until a boy was admitted into Mr. Hud- 0 son's room that he was prepared for college? this room thehov reached by successive, steps p from tiie lowest up. I was sent to this school a when ouiteyouns and was prepared for col- 01 le>;e when sixteen years of ajre, but my father J; unwilling for me to graduate until I was n I wenty-one, kept ine two years longer at tills " school than was necessary. During that time { I reviewed and forjjot much that I had al- " ready learned. This time was- lost and it I! would have been better if I had not started v to school as early as I did, so that when I did ^ start X might have (ronostraiirht. throueh. The difficulty of tilling the office of teacher has been alluded to more than one:.- on this " floor. When I was a boy I had a thought of ? Incoming a tencher. I taught two years and become fully convinced that I had not been ^ (called to preach. [Lantrhtcr.J A slip of the ' tongue, Mr. President, I meant to say that I '' had not teen called to teach. I come near Jl losing all the forbearance I ever bad, and a bought a diUerent avocation. . The Kindergarten system of teaching is a ) humbug. I havo had bookssentto ineon tills \ subject and I have given it considerable attentlon and I see no use of It whatever, exeept on plantations where there are large 14 lift in kopi-o^s. Then r think i some old mania might .profitably teach thi; 0 system. The benefit derived would be, in * keep I nt; them out. of mischief. " Keeling hs groat an Interest lit education as 1 I do. I cannot refrain from mentioning the great indlll'erenee on the part ??f the white l* people In reference t? educating their children. A white man will not let his. child . walk two miles to school, while negro eliil- " dren pass my house every day going live or six miles to school. The negroes seem more eager for education than our owrs people. Mr. i J President, you would beastonlshcd to know '! how far we have retrograded in educational IJ matters from our historic record of the past. There arc large numbers of 'Aidto men In ^ every township of the county who cannot T read and who do notcaro to send their chil- 0 dren to school. There Is much Ignoranec In AbbeviKe County. I would mention one fact. p 1 have met farmers, owning three mule farms, ? who did noteven know tlie names of Ilie vil-, 'l lAge newspapers. This I regard a lamentable' " slate of afialrs. " With these remarks I leave the matter for 11 discussion by men with fewer children and Y larger experience. ? j1 Professor Marcliant, ii of Granlteville, in acknowledgement oftho courtesy extended to him, rose and spoke ?' somewhat after this manner: o Mr. President: After thanking thisassoela Hon ror the privilege accorded to me, i nog 10 d liter from the gentleman who* has Just taken his sent. I have had the honor of teaching the children of the operatives of the Granite- b vllle MsimifurturlngCompany for ten years, x and mink that I know something about little , children. That comi??ny for many years has ^ annually paid one thousand dollars to teach- tl ers of these children. This! think a noble ^ charity. These children come to me in every . condlHon. From the dirty Utile urchin that 11 bears untnlstakon evidence of his need to la? c; plunged In the tub to tho cleaner and bettor ,j dressed. They are the children of poor illiterate. parents, and but for the tnunlllcunt w charity of the Granitcville Manufacturing ti Company they would grow up In ignorance, j., I tind mnong them many bright minds who readily take to their bpoks, but who if the 1,1 honorable Congressman's views wore adopted ct would be forever barred the privilege and advantages of an education. These poor children liave to go to work in tiie factory at ten years of age. All the education they ever got ill. school Is received before that time. Why, te sir, I have children in my school not more ... than three years old, anil I tell you'that they ' make progress. 1 can teach a child 111 more between four and live yearsof age, than to itny man can teach one between fifteen and1 cl sixteen whose education has been neglected to that age. In reply to what the gentleman 01 has said about children walking to school I hi would say that children from the Vandonse factory, three milcsdistant. walk to my school Rvory day and they are not injured by it, la either. It their lathers go to work at six m Vclock, why may they not start to school at | that hour? I do not. require them to take " their books home with tin m. They have no Oi lessons to learn at night. They roach the re school house by eight o'clock, and do their f(. studying in the school room. I do not apply the same rigid rule to the small children that 1 do to those of muturcr years, but vary tlie fxercises of the dliferent classes so as not to U .veary them. They arc allowed frequently -L ecesses. They romp In the woods, play In the yard, or sing in the schoolroom as may I us deemed best. Jn order that I may not! <r] ire them, they are not required to have J lieir books constantly in hand. I use the ilaek board, and interest them by reaching nucli that we do not find in our text books, 'or instance,I teach them the names ot the ({f iovernor, the.Indites, the Congressmen, tho!K Senators, and llie title. I wish lUe respected ongr'jssinen could visit my school, lie vottld be surprised to learn the number of ny little scholars that know of him and rould tell him that he lives at Cokcsbury li? w< Vbbcvillc County, ami represents the Third mi 'on^iossloiial District in the United States j jai 'ongress. Hy imparting information of this- (*li wind, to the little boys and girls, the tedium of mi he school room is avoided, and they become h< nterested not only In the school but in their nb >ooks sis well. If the gentlemen con id vlsii j re< ny school, nnd see for himself how much j ye hes? poor little children loam before 'they I in re ("tti years of age, ami when they are coin- c iclledtogo to work, he would change his an ivlnd. AinoiiKthe.se children there are many |an eally bright minds, and before they are ten- |jo ears they have received the rudiments of a | vll ood education. Theobjeetlon to waiting un- | >*< il a child is ten years ot ago applies equally ni< i) the poor farmer and to the noor factory op- | j rativf*. The farmers Hon at about that age is j c:ij iften compelled to go to work tohelp support j tii he family. My own opinion is that the boy i jj, 'i* girl who Is kept Ignorant of books until he | (]f>, s ten years of aire, will be more apt lo havo a J ,\ti istaste for Ihe culture of the mind than ouO I Ko rho commences at an earlier age. j fii Professor Iiood's remarks are well-timed oP nd deserve attention from, not only tills as- jor Delation, bu! from the public'at large. Al- wn hough Ihe (iranlleville Mamifaeluritig font-: L?r any paid a school tax of eighteen hundred ,iei oilars, it was not until this year that the nu 'ounty School Commissioner of my Comity tlit ias allowed anything for theedueatlon of the1 tin ioor children at (iraniteville. They have dei iereC?fore denied these children the aid | lie !? tWaCf-ifn lltlt ta ImIoI-I A ? liroM ami fair-dealing <?tllcers, 1 sun proud to; fro :iv that now the authorities ijl ve these\>oor Th hildreit nil to which they are entithd. 1 en-1 nit disc all tli.it l'rofossor Hood has saki in ref- j tie< rouco to the increase of our salaries- I think pet i teachers of tho State arc very poorly d, lie system of examining teachers seems to Imperfcct. In the long list of questions ich nre prepared by tlie stateSuperlntcnd- fl . of Education; there are none the answers which inay not he fonnd In the school >ks. In fact It h? little else than a llmrnry imitation. In my school I have a dozen twenty scholars who can answer theso vp estinns. Does that follow that they are " npetentto touch ? Xot i?t all. Tlicre arc < icr matters equally Important. The candl- u should be questioned on his mode of chtngas well sis catechised In mathematics I geography. e Editor's Remarks as to Colonel Aiken's Speech. ? 3 P'K n reference to the Ignorance of the people n< Abbeville roiinty, we enquiredot ine auci- cei ras to the proportion of white men who F1* lid not sign their names, and he estimate* .7 j total number nt not more than from two jj0j ml red to three hundred. We believe Colo- ^ I Aiken to be mistaken In his estimate of J intelligence of the people of Abbeville cor lint jr. If he will attend public meetings In P01 irr sections and keep a sharp lookout, he II no doubt'flnd that he has reason to be >ud of the Intelligence of the people of Ab- ?n irlllc County. I W. C. Benet, Eaq., u!j xt lollowed In a speech endorslngand com- As< mdatory of the principles and views ex- Qa :s*ed In Professor Hood's admirable essay. i too though the number too large and the 0y y of teachers too small. He expressed the a that many were teaching who should not , w hold certificates, and cited the fact as * pporting the assertion, that so few of the ichors of this county were In attendance this meeting. Out of about one hnn- n xl and flilrty school teachers in the county, , did not reco-rni/.e the faces of more than U,C1 ?l*.av*o IntA^AWiin rxf In ?vr/? mimhnr W r> tll ulri account furtive fact on no other hypoth- be s thantheir own consciousness of Incom- wa tency for the work In which they were en- ] sod. Hewnssorry to say it, but he thought Jjq. ere were by ftir too many teachers In Abbe- p ' lie County. He had been on the Hoard of ^ ;aniinr>rs furyoars, and he found It almost ' ipossiblo to reduce the number to what tc du uuld be. Hcfore the present Hoard went In- Gr ofllcc there were one hundred and sixty thi icherslnthe County. The present Hoard ^ d succeeded In reducing the number to o.ie ]>,. indredand thirty. Although the Hoard had , termined to reduce the nninber to a proper BQ; oportlon, they had found It Impoaeibie to ruse certlllwiteUo many apidlemts. Mchu thi lorioally speaking they would get in ut the res ck door, If the front door was closed. ' !Ie attributed the teachers' small pay to the jj^ 3t of there being so many lady teachers, icy could afford to teach for a salary much ttthan men coul'l. They were generally J iuiir ladies who did not ex|wct to make nchlne a profession and therefore could ark for less pay. They might quit the busies at any time whenever they were "called ) liieher." He but expressed what ho knew be the feeling of the association when he anked Professor Hood for his most lnterestg essay. de iliiorinl Notes on Mr. Benet's Speech. ^ In his remarks we think Mr. nenet Airnlsh- wl 1 the best reason for not Jncreaslng the pay teachers. When ofllciontlady teachers can > procured for less pay than the male teach- .j. s will work for, we are in favor of giving m< c work to them. Even at the low prices hu miplalned of however the association seomI to be unanimously of the opinion that k? ere are too many teachers. Increase the i.v and there will be twice as many as there ^ e at present. Professor Klugli, ^ Greenwood, endorsed Trofossor Hood's Ai gtementt an to the average salaries of tench's lu this County, and felt sure that the tig- ?, es would ulvo conclusive evidence that no . le could becoiue a millionaire atthebui^ 10 ;ss In ttiis county. CI) Professor J. R. blako, ar ' Greenwood, hoped to sec tlw tlmo when " le teachers would be better paid. The pro- , nt prices paid to teachers would barely dear o iclr necessary personal expenses. The low ices would have the cflcet of driving comstent tcachcrs out of the business. It was Ighly important that we liavc good tench's, and the only wuy to keep good tcuchers to pay them fair prices for their services. ditorial Remarks on Professor Hood's M Essay. g We take issue with Professor Hood as to ia >me tilings said in his very Interesting and tc abornte essay. He quotes tho pay of "J iacliers Ju thirty-three States ip "W78," ml then quotes their pay in South Car- w Una for "1878,"and also in Abbeville County >r "1878." ' ol At first impression it would seem that jrreat n: ijustice liad been done the teadiers of D outh Carolina and particularly in Abbeville ^ ounty, but wo think the facts-will bear us utlna different assertion. In 1874 nearly very teacher in Abbeville County received bout$60 a month, unless in cases of a few e.v optional ly Ignorant negro teacher who recived ?70 a month. We now have by far tlie est teachers that we have ever had In Abevllle County. When we paid twice us much s we now dolor teachers, many persons had rst grade certificates who could not now ass un examination for a third crude. tr..o ?utn u.\ fun ?hn ru'icon Hint If ras mure difficult for lileiorato men to teach ? k'oiildany teacher employed In public schools 0 butter worlc for more pay than he now does jr hts present pay? If so his commission In ur opinion should be revoked. As long a* lie public of Abbeville County can secure ?.? ood teachers as we now have we arc naton1 opposed to increasing the pay but we would ivor a slight, reduction from present figures, t Is the duty of the Hoard to vet public work (Hie at as low figure* as possible. We object in toto to the comparing of prices 1 oilier States In 1S76 to the prices In .South aroljna tn 1878. Everybody knows that the v nrreney has been gre ?rly eoutraeted since jj ?7ll, and that labor and material of every rr. :ind has been redreed since that time. Tho Professor pays the highest eitunralmrus n ourSchool Hoard of Examiners when he ays that, our schools were kept open 2J4 I'jnths longer than tln> average in other Utilitiesof this state. This to tu? payers, lie Uojirti of Examiners and to parents genrally must be very gratifying inieiiienee. We also object to, as mi fair, Miecomparison c makes between I ho salaries of teaehors nd those Who run railroad trains, sell goods, eep books, explore mines, operate in factoies, ,tc? and cspcclnlly do xro protest when esneaks of the wages of these peoplQ in the usli times of 1KRM. These nil wmk six or even days In the week, and from 8 to 15 per ? ay, whereas teachers In our public schools I rork but five days In the week, and but live r r 'x hour* per day. h What the Professor say? abdut tho differ- 5! nee of teaelilntr a smalleror greater number u f children is of Ifttle forae. If a teacher . grecs with the school trustees to give his ~ unc for a specified amount it should make o difference to him whether he gives his en- d Ire attention to one child or whether ho dl- G ides it with forty. He can only give his t< lino, and the parents of tho children are the a nly persons to complain if the number of t hlldren Is too large. Tho teacher certainly . as no right to complain. * We fully asree with tho Professor in his tJ iiewestlon to make the public schools abso- a itely free as long as thoy arc kept open. Is'o E ther rule will be satisfactory. tl MUiS Bright J f Greenwood, hail prepared a most admira- i G le essay on the subject of the "Best Mode ofjC eaching," which was rend by the Kev. Dr. ^ frier. All of our people arc extravagant in ^ (lelr praises of It. In the Association Dr. g lonner proposed to have It published, adding y l?at If "if some people do doubt the elBclenV of lady teachers, there can be doubt in jo mind of anybody that some of them can ? Tlte most excellent essays on the eubjcctof niching." The resolution to request the vilige papers to publish the essay was nnani- ^ lously adopted. It will appear when the ipy Is furnished. ^ Mr. BonctN Essay. A This was the closing essay of this mast foresting occasion, and as the Association ^ isseda resolution requesting that It be pubshed in the village papers we will not atnipt to give a synopsis. The subject disisscd was "Our School System" or rather | A lr want of a school system. Mr. Benet's j Igh literary attainments and long practical * cperience among the schools of both Scotnd and this country, enabled him to present any new Ideas and Interesting facts con- j jctcd with this most Interesting subject. A it- subscribers shall luwc the opportunity of ! ^ ailing this excellent essay as soon as he will i nIsh the copy. 'ewer Deaths Last Week A A HE MEMPHIS PHYSICIANS HOPE A THAT THE WORST IS OYElt. A (von Dcatlis from Yellow Fever on Sat- J*! iirday and Fourteeu >"cw Cases Ite- 1 ported* p<: Mkmphis. August 2?Noon.?six new cases; cc re reported to the board of health tills j 1)C ornlng, and two deaths have occurred since ... it night. Miss Kudoni Athy, daughter of ?v def of Police Athy. died at Raleigh, ten _j lies northeast of Memphis, this morning. ,*r mother's condltloi li? not the mosG Cavorle. Ileujaniln Adams, whoso death Is also jorded. had a typical caso of fevor last ar, whleh explodes the theory of Immunity im a socond attack. ;ol. Cameron has quietly coNeoted all the ins and ammunition from the gun stores d plaied them In thi arseuai at the Station I V use. The last passenger train on the Louis-1 jju lc arH Nashville Railroad left last night. jnf i malls were received by that route this i Spi rning. j jir ilrMi'in.s, August2.?111\ M.?Kight morel j <es were reported to the hoard of health ' is afternoon. Among the number were lid. j win and John Waters. Five additional ;Uhs have occurred: Mary Mulbrandon,I try Lanahuti, Marshal HaskinsandCliaiies j irbes. white, and Julia Richmond, colored, i j e total number of deaths according to the] vial announcement of the board of health' ? t'lie week ending at six o'clock to-nig'?tj s ! t, deaths from yellow fever ill, from oti*-1 causes IS. It was the purpose of the presirtt to declare the fever epidemic, as the I mber of deaths from this disease exceed! jse irom nu inner CiiuM's c<iim>uii;ii, urn. u.-> | Mleath rale for thewetk shows a material urease from that of the previous week, withholds that declaration for the present. sD week the total number of deaths ivas 71, in yellow fever IM, from other causes :f7. e physicians are sanguine that the ihaxl1111 death rate has hseii reached and that it l ease in tlie luuuber of deaths can be ex- _ :teU. A drcuchlnjc rain fell thin <fften*oou. J THE CAUSE OF EDUCATION. IE FIRST SESSION OP THE ABBEVILLE TEACHERS? INSTITUTE. ' holcftome Counsel From Expert*, -need Educator*?The Easily a and Addresses. Morning- Session. Cotot Hocse, Jnly 31st, 1870. 1.c Tcaclicrs Asiiociation of Abbeville county, ? ith Carolina, convened in the Court Home at j'clock, and wan callcd to order by the Ptw>it, Dr. Grier. The exercises wore opened with ? ver by Prof. Morton of, Greenville. 1? tv : a?l * i.u.4. no ITCMUCUl lUIIIUIUEfU lltAt luwu uwmiu^ |oin the Association *horrid signify thrir intcti) by giving their name* to the Secretary. The nes of twenty-seven members were enrolled. 'rof. Hood, chairman of the committee on tho istitution, read the constitution, the greater 1 tion of which iron adopted seriatim. The? er portion was referred nack to the committee reconsideration. Mr. James Klogh was ap- N nted by the chair to take the place of Mr. iham on this committee. )r. Bonner moved that the ladie* be invited to e seats within the bar. Carried. The President, Dr. W. M. Grierr favored the lociation with an opening address trpoo "The ulifications of a suocesaf nl Teacher." The Association then adjourned to meet at 9 lock by order of TV. M. Grub, President, L W. Lywch, Secretary. Afternoon Session. fho Association was called to order, the Preoiit in the chair. Sir. Vf. C. Benet moved that > speech of Dr. Orier, delivered thin morning, published in the county papers. This motion s carried. ITie secretary moved that the open question i be introduced as a feature of tho Association. rried. ?rof. H. T. Morton, of Greenville; was introccd and delivered an addre?8 ?o "The aded School System." Colonel Cottran owed it Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken and Prof. Merchant allowed the privileges of tlie floor. Carried. th of tbexe gentlemen mado speeches upon tho bjects uudcr consideration. L'be bow having arrived for the discoMion of i "Normal School System," Dr. J. L Bonner id a paper upon tho subject Fhe Association adjourned to meet to-morrow Mrning at o'clock by order of W. M. Guns, President ~" L W. Lynch, Secretary. ^ .. * Morning- Session. Court Botox, August let, 1879. l'he mtctinj was called to order by the Present. The minutes of the htst meeting were read d approved. Prof. Hood made a report in half of the committee on the constitution, after ucii this instrument we adopted. Maj. Hugh S. Thompson, Superintendent of iucation, addressed the Association. Prof, jod read an essay on "Teachers' Salaries." The lestion being thrown open for dise&Mion several embers freely expressed their views upon thi? ibject. . Mr. Kiugh moved that tho essay of Prof, flood i published in our county papers. Mr. W. C. fcuet seconded this motion with the amendment at Dr. J. L Bonner's paper on "The Normal :hool System" be also pttWtehed. Carried. Upoa motion of Mr. Benet, CoL J. S. Cotbran, r. W. H. Parker, Gen. 8amnel McGowau and >1. D. W. Aiken were elected members of the isodation. Col. Cothran moved that the thanks of fca isociation be tendered Ma J. Ht%h 8. Thompeon r bis excellent address. Dr. Bonner moved that thei thanks of tho Assoition be given to Prof. Morton for his address id that he be requested to furnish a copy of le humc for publication. The Association; theptad^xirneck to meet) at 8 clock this afternoon by order of ' W. M. Gains, President A. W. Lynch. Secretary. Afternoon Sesefon. fhe Association met*at the appointed hour. it\\ ilift in Mm flhtlP Thfl ahut of iatt Bright, on "School Management, MeUiods ' Inatructim and Discipline," raa raid by Dr. rier iu compliance with the request of the ewayt. T^u Secretary moved that a vote of thanka bendcred the people of Abbwille for their generis hospitality to the member* of theAjwoaation. otiou made and carrkd^ that a vote of thank* a given to' MLss Bright and Mr.Benet, fur' their lmirable cxaay.v and that they be published. Mr. 13en?t extended an invitation an President / f the Literary Clnb, to ad present to attend ita leeting at the residence of Captain White to-' igbt, TLo following k a list of those who connected lenihelven wvtiv the Association; D. Wyatt Aiksu, J. L Bonner, W. C. Beuet, A O. F. Bourne, J. IU BUke, * Miss 8. F. Bright* J. W. CaJlioiin, G. W. Collins, J. 8. Cotlirao, Lt&vid Crawford, C W. M. Grier, S. J. Graham, Wro. Hoo?\ K. 1L Hemphill, Mwh 1L E. Hammond*. J.C. Kloglj, Miss 1'anoie Lavaigaton, A. W. Lynch, j F. L. Morrow, & HcGuwan. ! i W. li. Parker, lira. L. P. Wee, W. J. Smith, L. W. White, ?j ilu? Lacy White, Hngli Wilaon, It. Hu Wardlaw,. Mm J. G. Zdglef Awnmation adjourned- sine-die. By order of W. JL GBIEB, Araident A. W. Ly>'ch, Secretary. Tl?e 5frw Tki Bate. ? The County Board of Equalization for Abboille county held ita annual meeting ha the court if oiwo on "Sloucby, W. H. Parker iit Use chair- \ ivt following member* answered to theie namesv P. 5L Pope representing Niuety-tJisk J C. A. C. Waller. Greenwood. W. li, Ackcr, Donnaldavilk. ' J. M. Carwile, Due Went J. N. Cocliraiv Long Cant^ L. H. It vizard, Smitnvilie. G. H. Caldwell, White Ilai li. W. LiUn. Indian Hill. vv. ii. i'urxer, aduwvmiu. W. A. Black, Diamond Hill. Dr. W. M. Taggart, Magnet i M. 0. Tolraaii, Calhoun. Cokcsbtnr, Cedar Spring, Lowadwrille and? iordeaux were not represented and the board for lounaldsville, although rvpreb9tited, waa not' liady to report. The return of thoso boards that ad made their assasKiuenta having been ?nbjitted and the same being thoroughly discussedy Jwaa tinally agreed that the action of the followlg boards be confirmed: That of Nos. 1, 5, 6, , 9,11, 12,14 And 15 and that tea pes cent, be edacted from the return of the-board for No. 2. Ireenwood township, and tea per cent, be added s\hat of No. 8y. White Hall township. It wasIso moved and adopted that the Doarde for jwnshins New. S, 4, 10,13-wd 16 be instructed> complete this work as soon as practicable and oat tliey make the lands of said township averse not less than the- same sreragad- last year. x this action of the Gonnty Board the lands of m several towushlpe- are made to average, per. ere, about as follow*: . linefy-Six, 2S Indian Hill, $3 34 Ireeiiwoood, 5 25 Cedar Spring, 3 43 okesbory, ir 871\' Abbeville, 4 22 onnaldsville, 4 27 -r ? Diamond Hill, 8 40' >uo West, 4 Ofi- Vzti&owndeeville, 8 67 ong Cane, 8 74 Magnolia 8 56' mitnvills; 3 75 Calhoun,. 8 75* r'hite Hall, 4 23* Bordeaux, 8 41V m m itlanta & Charlotte Air-Line Railroad CHANGE OK SCHEDUJjK. ^ On and after June i&tli train* will run on jig rood as follows : Day l'aMrnger Train, (EASTWARD.) .rrive at Seneca.. 9 12 a. m.-Leave... 9 13a.m. (WESTWARD.) .rrive at Seneca- 5 lop. inLeave... 5 16p.m. yiylil Paxncngcr Train. (EASTWARD.) rrlvc at Seneca.. U ulp.m.-Leave..? 9 02p. m. (WESTWARD.) rrlve at Seneca.. (J ;n#,n.,-heave... 6 85a. m. Locul Freight 2Va/?. ' (EASTWARD.) .rrlve at Seneca., 5 06 p. in.-l.eave.u 5 23 p.m.(WESTWARD.) rrlvo at Seneca.. 7 0-5 a. m.-Leave... 7 12 a. in. Through Freight 2Vain. (WESTWARD.) jrivo at Seneca- 1 55 a. m.-Leave... 1 55 a. in. Day Passenokk Tkain. (EASTWARD.) rrl ve at. Green vllle 10 45?? m.-Leave 10 47&.m. (WESTWARD.) rrlveatGreenville 330p.in.-Leave 342p.m. >'ig11t pa8senskr Tkain. (EASTWARD.) rriveat Greenville 1043-p. tn .-Leave iu? p. m.(WESTWARD.) rrLve at Greenville 4 3# a. m.-Leave 442a. m. Local Freight Train.- ? (EASTWARD.; , rriveat Greenville 7:lSa.ni.-Lcavc8 30a. m. (WESTWARD.) rriveat Greenville 3M p. m.-Leave 4 20 p.m.Thuouoh Frbxght Train. (WESTWARD.) rriveat Greenvillo 1033p. m>teave 10 45p. ro. Connecting at Atlanta for all points West id .Southwest. Connecting at Charlotte tor all Eastern iluly. Through Tickets on sale at Gainesville, 8cna City. Greenville and Spartanburg to all iint? East and-West. (>. J. FORKACRB. General-Manager. M . J. Houston. General Passenger and Ticket \geut. i BRIDGEJIOTIfiE. IT ILL be iPt to the lowest bidder on SatnrV day the flth of September next. The tiding of :i Truss bridge on the South prone Saluda River lit Krwla's Mill. Plan and polticatlous will be given dn the day. 'ilge will be let nt 11 o'cl<x:k A. M. i.t nr#l<>r ni" flu- TJnnrilxnt Lauren* and Ab k> counties. J. T. MEDLOCK, li. M. MATTISON, County Commissioners. uly ."A ,73' ? TtJENIPSEEB. RED TOP TURNIP, WHITE FLAT DUTCH. rOMERAN I AN WHITE <i[,'.)DE, YELLOW RUTA H.UiA, WHITE NORFOLK, (SEVEN TOP. ill ln'%n>,-ten ?ind live cents package#. EDWIN PARKER., uly 2S, 1S7V. tf o <* ? J u ' l