University of South Carolina Libraries
Tie Press and Banns J AUIJKVILLI], C. i.t By IITCII \\ I I.SOX \ >V. -J. ilUXKT.; T'iit.Ms-'T we Poll.hi's a year. iiia<lv:iu?si: <.r Two I>riU:?rs and Fifty Coins, if pay-j lm-nt is (h-lavc-l. ' Ai>vi:ii!'1skmknts will !?? inserted at t; the rat<- of (>m* Hollar ;>>t ineli for tlieju ir.ii .11.,I I'ifiv iVnis for each, 1 subsequent insertion. j (J (ircatlv redivvd rales will 1 ?o iriven to ;l ihose who advertise by the quarter or byj* i.he year. All obituary notiees. tributes of respoft,'. and other matter of a |w>rsnuai or private 1 nature will be e.Jmrjjird for at tlje usual * .advurtisir.;; xaUvs. 1? ' t Wednesday,Feb. 27,1878. \l ? ?r a (it'll. McCowan in Charleston. 11 AW sec bv the Charleston papers that, t they have done themselves great credit 1 in honoring the birth day of Washington, 1 nviitinn to visitimr companies' 1 <>f citizen-soldiers from Richmond, Yir-jj. ^inia, and the distinguished friends who j ciimo a\ i11 j them. Charleston is distill- j guished above all oilier cities for the a power of o'ltertaining in u tasteful,, c generous and magnificent manner. ' When she nuts herself out, she ean beat4v . t' "the world. H'ell done, irood old "city by the sea." H e thank her for doing the j honors of the State to distinguished c guests. H'e thank her for having such a i splendid hirth-dav celebration as must retlcet credit upon the whole State, and, 1 last but not least, we thank her for the ^ p> >d care which she seems to have taken t of our own well-beloved citizcn-soldicr: t General Samuel Me'Jowan, whom they 1 Jiad chosen as the orator of this great oc- t easion. Charleston honored herself and: us, in honoring him. The daily papers' injjke many kind allusions to his address, .which we ptdilish elsewl>ere in full. M*o agree with them that it is most timely, that it is full of enlightened patriotism and overflowing with heart and earnestness. He kno>v that every reader ot the /V<v? <(wl Jiainier will thank us l'or the: privilege of perusing this great speech. j 1 The Journal of Coin merer says: j., "(Jeneral Mctiowan then came forward, i I and after tin- tremendous and overwhelm- y ing applause had ceased, interrupted by [ frequent and enthusiastic demonstrations j enchained his delighted auditors for more than two hours with an oration which . eould not and did not fail to reach the in-, nermost recesses of their hearts,"' The .Yew* and Courier says: After a feeling ami appropriate prayer!,; had heon ottered, a ml tlie Helicon Hand had discoursed a stirring air, ('apt, Smyth j t again approached tlie front of the stage, and said: "I have the honor as well as ' the pleasure of introducing to you the'1 orator of the (lav?one whose name is a c household word in South Carolina, and' c one who, by his courage on the liehl of ;i battle, as well as hi*statesmanship in the, 'j ' aimer hours of the Commonwealth, has c won for himself the honor and respect ofi ^ a lovim; people. I have the honor to in- 'j troduce to yon <ien. Samuel Mefiowan." j "As (Jen. Met to wail rose from iiis seat 1 and advanced to the front of the staire, the cheers which greeted him made the wel- ' kin ring again and again, and thunders of' I applause which lbllowee shook the time- t| honored and historic old building from f do ne to foundation."' . v 'The echoes of this warm and enthusi- j j ast>- greeting had scarcely died awayj before it burst forth anew in response to the liurning words which first fell from j the orator's iips. lie said: "I have now j j to address a free people;" simple words ! ? indeed, but words whiMi struck a respon- i ! - -> ' ?- > . i... 1 mvc ciioru in i- \ ir i> nc-iii b ?iuu<i um ?.vi assembly, and stirred up memories and j ' feelings which found relief only in a gon- 1 uine outburst of enthusiasm." "The oration which followed will bo f found published elsewhere, and its glow-, I ing words, its noble sentiments and its t .stirrring eloquence, will speak louderjj than could possibly bo expressed by any ; words of eulogy.'* | .* Private Executions. A bill to regulate the mode of capital t punishment is now pending in our y <leneral Assembly, and last week passed j ( to its second reading in the Senate. It;' provides that "no person shall be allowed * to witness, such executions except the | sherill", or his deputy, and his assistants, j the eler^v, the State solicitor, the attorney ! I or attorneys who defended the convict, j' thn fninilv nCtlu- mivict. nud not more ' than ten discreet persons to be mimed by i j tlie sheriff, who shall lie summoned by>, him and be required to lie present." Anj j auicndmeut altered providing fur the ad- j 1 mission of reporters of the press was not :( agreed to. |s If this hill passes, hanging will bej shorn of its eclat, and many thousands j of our fe 11 ov.*-citizens, chiefly of the j negro race, will be deprived of a pleasnr-t j able excitement. To many people, a ' plain funeral of one who has died in his;' bed is a source of sad but not unpleasant 1 satisfaction, and a hanging affords to the | lower classes as much excitement as a , circus. In this regard, the bill may be t looked on as a sumptuary law. The in-j 1 telligeneo, the morals, the decency of 1 the people, however, will support the'1 bill. p " ^ * I ti The Difference. s I ? Many of our people seem not to under- f wtand the difference between the bonded ; '1 debt of the State and tlie unsettled bills c against the Commonwealth. As we un- j derstand it, the bond creditor is one with ,, whom the State lias;t!ready settled and to whom it lias given its note or bond for, L the acknowledged indebtedness. The \ floating debt consists of all manner of !l unsettled claims against the Stato which 1 should be closet \* scrutinized and scaled \ i t to their true amounts before being ap-, c proved or paid. To refuse to pay a note jl or bond is repudiation ; to scale an unjust i f claim down to its real worth is an act of; ..ustieebetween the people and the credi-j .or. | Trains Dctui ned?Apparent Injustice. Last Thursday afternoon somebody's: old ten dollar cow got on the railroad > and was run over by the engine, throw- J a jng oil'the tender, baggage ear, and one j t Fortunately no one was seriously hurt, j' As the law now stands the owner of the ' ' n old eow, which we have 110 doubt was a (f Devon or au Ayershire, win recover twice! its value from the liailroad, when it'a .seems to us that the liailroad company Is should have the right to sue the owner of j J" the cow for dmilages sustained to the * t rain by the intrusion on the company's 11 road. Aside from the dispute between I j, the Kail road and the owner of the cow, | v passcugers should bo protected. ; t Generous Acts. |j. We are plvascd to see that the Governor 1 has pardoned L. Cass Carpenter and l*'. L. Cardo/.o. <'ongressman Smalls of course * will not be pardoned as long as he per-! sists in holding his seat in Congress to do ^ us whatever harm lie can. We have won's .a great political victory, and we can j j atrord to be generous, to those who cease J lo light us, but as long as the thieves It hold up, their heads in delianee, they may j' expect to be justly dealt with. j ^ ? , m I " Thk (Jkkknvulk News.?This pros- v perous daily has donned anew suit from i 1. head to foot. We are glad that our en-11 terpritung neighbor is able to show such j1 si-'ns life aud vigor. We wish the Xcwvl: . . ' s a continued prosperity. _ __ ?? 1 e Why is it xhat our Representatives do| I not ask fur a le.yy.to pay the past iudebt- ' etlness of this County ? j1 k The "poor tax-payer" is "beginning to j 1 think that it is time for the Legislature to j ? adjourn. , |! t j'rndK t.. o.noin jikoi* Ooxkjkmni>?Wash t in'.ton. FVhruai'}' -1?!> 1*. M.?Northrop, ills- J ( lfU-? atioriH'y tor South Carolina, wiis con-j /iriiit'tl hy three majority in. thcTucc ofan ad-j" vawfvj'urt" i insticc. Harmony, Peacc.!; . .. L u 11 "he Annual Oration Delivered lie-' i 1 J lore the Washington Artillery of j Charleston on February ?2, 1878,' by (wen. Samuel McGouan. ,;1 am now to address a free people."', j 'hese were the opening words ol'Urat- ] i :tn when, in 17.Mi, lie moved liie Hill 11 f liiglits in the Irish Parliament.!; [is idnli/.ed eountry had been depen- ( lent lor ages?harassed l>y si rangers! | ikI oppressed by extortion and mis-' ( o vein men t, until tin* story of her s roes luul excited the pity of inankitnl | nail natioiisand in every elinie?when ! j he patriot statesmen, with a heart full1 j >f love for 1."s country ami of ^rati- < tide for the good omens in America, j j rhere the struggle for liberty was then ; | pproaching its glorious termination, j ( rose in liis place and proposed a Dec-,' uration of Independence. He saw hat 11u* measure was full?that the!) inie had come; and feeling within n lim all the enthusiasm of the patriot] i niugled with the inspiration of the;. rophet, he proclaimed in advance the! ssured triumph of liberty and home'j il I e. Such occasions arise at Ions: intervals' ( n the history of the world, yearly , .1 the end of a century, in the distant; ountry from which (irattan drew his nspiration?after an exhausting civil | rar of nearly liye years, supplement-1 d by unparalleled losses and a decade; if and rfolitical chaos?we are! lappv in the consciousness that we' an in the same.spirit. of grateful e.\-j 11 tat ion repeat the dcclaiation of the i'feat I rish orator that we are "a free )e?ple." There are events ft: the history of j lie world whieli, from the interest aluekiug to them, or from tlie tna^iii-, ude of the cpuse(|iienees which llow I Yom them, mark the eras of chrotiolo-l rv and stand out as landmarks along' he course of time. .Sometimes thosej {vents are of such a character as not! mly to mark as a beacon or a light-j lonse, but to give direction to thceur'ent of events. No power of intellect! :an comprehend what would now have; >een the eoudition of the world if the:; Minting press had never been invcntm! or tiie (Continent of America dis-| jovered. Some one has written an incresting book, entitled "The Fifteen ' decisive iJattlesof the World, of which tcontrary event would have essentially varied the drama of the world in \ 1 * A innmrl, til lis suusetjueui svtnvo. hose named arc Marathort, Arbcla, I, tastings, and Saratoga, it is noj loubt true that those futnous battles' n connection with the causes that! n'oduced them, had much influence!; ipon the affairs of the world; but it s believed that victorious-battles?the. levelnpmentofbravery, physical force, | j tul skill?have not had and do not] lave as much inlluence in changing ho face of history, as tlie appearance, [ ipon the stage of action at certainj pochs, of great men, seemingly pro- j I luced in the fullness of time for the ' ccomplishmcnt of great purposes.) i'he battles indicated are among thej: onsequences of the appearance of j hose great makers of history. The!; ncident must always be inferior to he principal. We "must not.tako the j fleet for the cause. Miltiades made j ne battle of Marathon, Alexander the,, - - 1 ireattnator Arueia, *?iniiuiuiicv?i.-; [Uei'or thatof Hastings,and the event-; ul surrender of Hurgoyue at .Saratoga, !< vas brought about by George Wash-!' ngtou. i (ikonttr: washixutox. This is the Twenty-second <1f Feb-' uary, and we are here to comnienior-' ite the birth of Washington, which | unnirred one hundred and forty-six rears ago?a dav which should be ever nemorable, and in the calendar of this! country die* fcxtmi/mis; for on that lay was born a nntn whose virtues and ] leroie acts beyond all doubt achieved he independence of these United! States, changed the history of the \~orth American continent, and had md still have an influence for good to he remotest bounds of the earth.j Vhat a theme! How full of proud; eminiscences, of material for rellec ion, and of cause for admiration, gratitude, and love, and all the goner-j his sentiments! How suggestive it isj r?f thoughts about the great events in >11 r history that have since taken j lace, our present condition aud future lopes and prospects. The history of Washington is iin ract the history ofthe Revolution. No etteetingman can read the story of the jnequal ccntest with the motliercoun-J ry, carried on l>y thirteen eolones without adequate means or forces, 'eparate from each other, with independent governments, and afflicted l>y ocal prejudices, the rivalries of army, >rticers, the cabal of Con way, the trea-l son of Arnold, and the poverty, dis-j re.is, and want of discipline in the! tatriot armies?without being perfect-! y satisfied that the struggle would j lave ended in misfortune but for the; rreat leader of the Colonial armies, (vho in every calamity presented in j lis own person an unfailing rallying; joint?whose wisdom, patriotic mod-; ration and firmness, allayed the trou-; jled waters, and brought the great uu-j lertaking through to its triumphant! enninution. Speaking generally, it! s no common-place glorification?it is 10 false adulation, but it is indeed the] ;ery truth, that (George Washingtonvas the saviour of ills country. '1 Every intelligent people every in,' igc of the world has honored its early ages and heroes, and endeavored to lerpetuate the memory of their deeds, j I'iie ancients deified them. The Ath-1 >nians built a temple to Theseus, and! lie Romans placed Romulus and Re- j nus in the Pantheon. The moderns rive expression to the same desire by 'storied urn and animated bust," ?y bonfires and illuminations, anni'-j ersaries and commemorations. 11 is, i just and generous sentiment, spring-] ng from admiration, love, and rever-| nee; ami in those who are the bene-i iciaries, it is but the prompting ofi ommon gratitude for character estab-, ished and beneliU received in the! mils of their labors. | Rut such commemorations have a nuch greater importance. They are; lot only creditable to the hearts: if those Mho join in them, but; hey are in the highest degree!, iseful. It is important to keep ilive the memory of great virtues' Did achievements with a view to their; eproduction ill the living present; to: tir the fires of patriotic ambition, and ( o induce an emulation which will s -J:rt!? i* ??: Iliipe ciiaiia-ifr. n i* uiiiicuu u> i-mi- , nate the effect upon a people's eharac-1! or of the example of their founders' j itul heroes. The character of a people mturally assimilr/es to the object, of I, heir admiration. "Think on Jiuiidha , nri you become Buddha." It has been i, aid, ".Show* me the songs of a pco- J ile and I will tell you theircharacter." ] wpuld rather say, show me the he- < oesand exemplars of a people and I , t ill tell you what they are. The val- j snt King lieury had a wise instinct j vhen his words, like the I last of a , ruinpct, stirred the hearts of the sol-; tiers of Agineourt? "Thou shall our names 'iimiliur in their mouths as household words, Ienry the Klim, Hedfordand Kxetor, Varwlck and Talbot, Salisbury and (iloueos- 1 I or. te in their flowinp:enpsfr<a<hly remembered." I do not propose on this occasion o attempt anything like a history of' Yashington. That ctin be read in the weet pages of Irving, in other histores, or in the records of the time. Svery American knows or should ;no\v it by heart. If time permitted, t would "be a pleasing task to re proluce the romantic story of his early dventures 011 the frontier with the French and Indians; foorn his youth, vlien the Seven Years' War was begun ; ?y the death of Jumonville at the j mnds of a party under his command,. 111 Li 1, after the disasters of the liigj t [endows and liraddoek's defeat, lie | aw Fort J)u Quesne rased to itsfoun- : lationsand upon its bloody siteanoth r erected bearing the name of the ilustrious Pitt?which has since grown ;ito the flourishing city of Pittsburjr.! t would also have been a delightful ecreation to sketch some of theprin-! ripal incidents and battles of the great j evolution, from the time when, on >rd of July. 177<>, he wheeled his horse it. the Old Elm, on Boston Common, mil drew his sword as the Command;r-in-Chief of the patriot armies of the jolonies, until he surrendered that iword to the Congress at Annapolis ind retired to the grateful shades of trount Vernon, and from that at hided retreat heard, with mode; surprise, the lirst faint shouts ot tin ame which has since tilled the worh llut time does not permit. The sul .'i't ic fr?n vn<t. fur tllis nccasiol Neither shall I attempt toaualys he character of Washington. Tim ias often heen done by tho> nnch more competent to the tas ban tlie humble person who stand X'fore you to-day. Characters whic ire imperfect, disjointed, or um juai, and for that very reaso remarkable for striking points an eccentricities, are easily sketch*, iiid made to stand out unmistakabl ipon the livingeanvass. JUit the tas is not so easy where there is noimpc ['ection.no irregularity, no conllictc eontradiclions, hut where all thc<jua ties of head and heart are so we >1..iifli.il <in<l !n 4iii(.|i lii.rfccf unison t ..v..... J to make oik- ? rami symmetrical whoji l'liis very simplicity uml completem-: ?this perfect equipoise which wit the vulvar and superficial might pa: for mediocrity?did in fact constiuil Llie true greatness of Washington, an 4'ave him that graceful dignity an power of command which made hii the peer of any man that ever livei He had strong passions, but no prejt ilices. lie was popular, but he seen imI the character of a demagogue. 11 was not ha>ty in counsel, but was firi and unwavering in action. He w: not extreme in his views, but mode ate, considerate, and essentially col <"rv?iriv*#?. Hii was a oatriot. tried i tlie furnace seven times heated. H loved his country ardently, but it \v: tlu? whole country; and much of li life was spent <iuring the war and a terwards in soothing local, party, an sectional prejudices anil animosities. It would lie vain to attempt a pane; vric upon Washington ; it would I iike the wasteful and ridiculousexee: of gilding refined gold or painting tl lily. Assuredly the measure of h irlory is full. 1 shall not venture upc the subject, but with deference an pride adopt the splendid and discriii iuatiu? eulo^ium passed upon him li a distinguished statesman of that coin try against which he successfully d reeled the great work of his life. Wit :is much generosity as truth and el< ijuencc, Lord John liussell say; "tieorge Washington, without the gel ius of .Julius Osesar or .Napoleon lion: parte, lias a far purer fame, as his an lilfion was of a iiiirher and holier n; turo. Instead of seeking to raise h r>wn name or seize supreme power, i devoted his whole talents, militai iind civil, to the establishment of tl independence and the perpetuity i the liberty of his own country. [ modern history no man has done sue Lrreat things without the soil ofseltisl ness, or the stain of a grovelling amb Lion. Oesar, Cromwell, Xapoleoi .ittained a higher elevation, hut tl love of dominion was the spur th: drove tlieiu on. John Hampden, Wi liam Russell, Algernon Sydney, nui have had motives as pure and an an bition as < ustained ; but they fell. '1 (ieorge Washington alone, in model limes, has it been given to accompli' :t wonderful revolution and yet to r main to all future times the theme < :i people's gratitude and an example virtuous nucl beiwfieen t nower." Such and so great was our own Was] ingtou who, vouchsafed to us at ll appointed time, fulfilled his missiu us the liberator of his country ; am that accomplished, in the last monl of the last year of the expiring eigh eenth century, which his life ai uchievements had made metnorahl ijuictly sank to rest in the bosom of h liberated country, with the appropria and eloquent though perhaps uncoi scions comment on his own carei upon his dying lips, and expressed i his last words, "It is well." Tin; CONTEST BHTWKKX TJIE STAT I" This great American festival fu nishesagood halting-place in our c reer,?a station, as it were, for rest ai rejection. It is an elevated stan> point from which we can survey tl pjist and learn lessons of wisdom, oo niiJor tne present wun an us uuu and responsibilities, tuul consult tl oracles, cast the horoscope, and as f as it is permitted, read the stars abo our future destiny. In taking a retrospect, the first inn ter of importance in the recent pu which irresistably arrests our attentio is the great struggle between tl States with its consequences. "W can not fail to be impressed in contci plating a conflict in which we we deeply involved, which convulsed tl coutineut, and will be remarkable i all time for its severity, for the tjual ties it developed, and for its mome tons consequences. I know of no 01 in history which caused greater saci fices of blood and treasure, inflicU more toil and suffering, or exhibit) more devotion to country, more fori tude, endurance,and dazzlingheroisi It was a conflict between the countr men of Washington. It is a recei event, its memories vet irrcen and te tier, and I approach its? considerate solemnly, certainly not in the spii of tlu- partisan, nor with a desire stimulate or perpetuate animositiei for that would he to abuse this holidt which belongs to the whole count! and is dedicated to good feeling. Th day at Jcast .should bo free from tl bitterness of party spirit, which i these latter times, like the harpies Virgil, devours or befouls and b smears everything it touches. M object is precisely the contrary,?toi; vokein the name of Washington < this his natal day the spirit of justic harmony, and peace. TIIK CAl'SKS. In all governments where the pe pie rule, and places of honor, trus and emolument are elective, the will be parties; and the violence wil which party contests are waged wi depend largely upon the nature ai importance of the issues at stale From the formation of our goveri ment?even in the days of Washin ton?different views were taken i different parts of the country as to tl proper construction of the Constiti tion, and of the right's of the State This difference was intensified at tl South by the fact that the peculiar ii stitution of African slavery exist< here, and not in other sections, was here without any agency of our It had descended to us, and had b come so dove-tailed and interwove with the very fabric of our society th it could not be abolished without ei tailing enormous losses, and rioiiu ing social and political chaos. Th conflict of opinion, of vital interest the South, fanned by constantly l'ecu ring questions, waxed warmer at warmer, until the wisest, most far-se ing, anil most patriotic became co vinced that it was irrepressible. 'J escape from an agitation which w unceasing and to secure their intern peace which was imperilled, l! Southern States desired to estal lish a government for themselvc They did not propose to interfere wll their.former associates or do them at harm except what might incidental result from a separation and partitii ;?f territory. Like Abraham of ol when diilerences arose between hi mid his kinsman, the South sail " Let there be no strife, I pray the " between thee and me, or betwe< " thy herdmcn and my herdmcn, f " we be brethren. Is not the who " land before thee? Separate thyse " I pray thee, from me." Till-: AVAIt. Animated by the peaceful spirit the patriarch, the Southern fc>lat formed a separate government. Tli was stoutly opposed. It was denii that these States hail either tho call or the right to secede. It seemed be considered that the separatic would injure the other States,and th to their welfare the South was i dispensable. The desire was to reta the Southern people as fellow.c'tizeii and, it must be assumed, as brethn with equal rights. To overthrow tli separategovernment a warof invasi< was waged for nearly five years wi tireless determination and ever-i creasing vigor. The defence was earnest and resolute as the attack w powerful. I purposely omit all d tails of the terrible conflict, as it won here serve no good end, only snyii in passing that the whole South, r yarding the cause as that of homeai country, became an armed camp, ai made a defence which astonished tl world. Hut in accordance with tl unalogies of history the victory r mained with tho heaviest battalion Tlie huge eclipse of Appomatox caun i Confederate government, the ex*t ponent of {Southern independence, it' was crushed liy the mailed hand of 1. power, aud its scarred and battered >-; veterans were .surrendered, paroled, i. and returned to their homes. Let us iu > pause for a moment, if the tongue it i were paralyzed the heart would speak.; ;e Mow much happiness, how many' k | hopes, how many Joved companions; Is' lie buried here! h ' Tradition, legend, lime and sons \ ?- Shall many an airu that \vaiI prolong: | .. Sillti'roni the sire I ho son shall hear ' of thosiern sirll'o and carnage drear d Where shivered was fair Seoi land's spear 'd Ami broken wax her shield. y i KiiCONSTKlVTIOX. ,;j At the close of the war the army of '*" the victors occupied the.South. .Slavery was abolished, and the freedmen were enfranchi/ed and incorporated as a " new element of citizenship. The Jaws ,s known as the reconstruction Acts of Congress were passed, and the body ?; politic thus newly constituted was inb vifcd to m-eonst met the State irovern <s riKMits; and thus was presented for so'*-*| lutidii by the iSoutli the most difficult ' 'political problem in all history. " After that the deluge. The founJ1: tains of the great deep were broken ! up. Black honors, worse than war or tlir plagues of Kirypt, fell upon the .Soulli. Swarms of new people, most'e Iv adventurers, covered the whole :n: country. The very anomalous condilsjtion of a flairs aflbrded them potent r"iagencies with which to accomplish ''j their purposes. Race domination is " ! always anti-republican and oppressive, 'e'but wlien the more ignorant race is *s!tlie more numerous and dominant it ,sj becomes intolerable. The original f". citizens possessing what property was 1('j left in the country, less numerous and j i 11 part disfranchized, were overborne i by numbers banded together by race ,c 1 allinitics and the cohesive power of ' public plunder. They were excluded '.ej from all participation in the govern,!Sj incut of their fathersand madestrang"J j ers in their own country. With some 1(1 ..v.ai.tii.M.; till. ..tlil.l.J ll'liril Ut.i'/f'fl llV Jl j VAV CJ/VIVUO V??V, vtilvvu " v * ^ -- S ? a"! motley baud of political upstart**, '.V | hurl equina, and mountebanks, of all )' races and naVions and of every degree '*i(?f ignorance and audacity. Then t'ol" j lowed the saturnalia of corruption, a [)" I night-mare of horrors in the name of i: \ liberty. ' j Truth requires it to be said that no a" I country In any age,?not Poland, ' "j Hungary, or Ireland, not Jtouniania ?l"| under the Turk,?was ever in a condiIS j lion comparable to that of the .Soulh101 eru States for a few years after the T j war. Many circumstances eoiitribuu'.j ted to aggravate that condition. The "' people were bewildered, dazed, and ['i dispirited. The country Jiad lost the !'1 j flower of its manhood, and was re^"uluced to poverty, lirst by thecxhaust "'ling drains of the great struggle "?j through which it had passed, and then ie by Hie loss at one fell swoon of two ltj thousand millions of dollars from h emancipation, and after that by the ' v I unknown and untold losses IV. > m pecu,l"j lation and plunder in every corner of l>| the country and in every possible '{' form. "What the palmer-worm hath 'J1 j "left, the locust hath eaten ; what the e"l "locust hath left, the canker-worm [)[. "hath eaten; and what the eanker01 "worm hath left, the eater-pillar hath "eaten." No wise or good man could desire the continuance of s-o grotesque a ear ' lieature of republican government, y Surely none could be willing to toleri ate it except perhaps that peculiar 11 class?happily small and growing les? ' J?that take pleasure in misery and V' suppose it to be a patriotic duty to fur'"! nish at any cost to the country and to tc'| humanity a purgatory for the punish'J* j inent of rebels. 1 have often thought 1,1 that this confused, turbulent dcsola1,1 i tion could be aptly illustrated by nothing but that fearful abyss of the Pars' 1 adise Lost?neither sea nor good dry r-jland, that "chaos on the wasteful a-j deep" which the nrch-eneniy of manid! kind?just escaped from the biirningd-l sulphurs of his infernal prison-house, le encountered in his bold essay to reach n-i the abode of man in the new-created es world. 1L' DKLIVKItANCE. 111 But the evil passions of men cannot last forever. By a wise dispensation , ; they subside ; and on this joyous eom'; nieinoration day we are tliankl'ul that | the dark night has passed and the light n' j of a glorious day is beginning to dawn !e> For. this great deliverance we make *fe jrrateful and proper aeknowledgment. n" We are largely indebted to the return. rt* I ing sense of justice among good citi.'eIzens in every part of the country, !M North, South, Fast, and West. We are still more indebted to the rightleousnessof our cause and to the eter*.e tial principles of truth and justice. J[j Jiut most of all are we under obliga 'jjtion to our own people, who, driven _ | to despair, concentrating all their powers of mind and body in one |J'j mighty eflbrt, and led bj' our distin'jguished Chief Magistrate, (lovernor J Wade Hampton, in the centennial , Jvearof their country's independence, >11 ! fl.? olininu I .omul till>111 . | L/ll/IVU lilt tllll'ilC ,klHtW tMr\iiav* v ? x tn , I land now by the blessing of Heaven '"jure again "a free people." ty DITIKS TO T1IK COUNTKY. y My friends, [ have made this imperis feet, but I believe truthful narrative, jeinot without a purpose. In view of !u (surrounding circumstances the great ofjoueslion of the day is, What is our u-iduty? Our people are accustomed to [y | Jo their duty as they see it without reii-igard to consequences, and our great m etibrt now should be to ascertain in e,! what direction that duty lies. ! We owe duties to the country. Our I first Impulse should be one of gratii tude, without the least alloy of any "[spirit of revenge or retaliation. All ' 'J such feelings are overwhelmed by a '|1'|simple, sublime thankfulness that a II i gwd providence has?relieved us from a .! condition so terrible. Speaking for 'J our people, T venture to declare that e* i it is their unalterable determination to ' I do their whole duty as good citizens in I the futim* as faithful! v as llii'V Her I formed it in the past. 10j All the States have relapsed into l'~ | their former condition of union under ,s*jone government. ]t was proposed 101 otherwise, hut fate disposed. "We nc.'jiquiesced, and gave pledges of good JJ citizenship, of which the leading duI ties are the preservation of peace, the !securing of exact and equal justice for J all and the cultivation of feelings of J! fellowship. These pledges will be ffjkept. Ithas never been charged as '" one of the faults of our people that Jj they are untruthful or wanting in ' j frankness or lidelily. They pledge a , j word which has never been l'alsilied, 'jiand give a hand which has never hee i j ] 1 11U CKllCfl i4IU llt/W liwiii^vuv.wu.1, There is no institution in existence ()j which appertains only to some, and to ?! which the others are opposed. Upon 11 ! contiguous territory, in the same gen^jerol government, and umier the same ;'"|llag, with a thousand relations civil, /j' social, tinancial, and political,?the happiness and prosperity of each part A must be promoted by harmony ,,, j throughout the whole. There are still, . I it is true, differences of soil and cli' mate, of employmentsand products,? . i differences in tastes, temperament,and :| habits of thought; but surely these '! are not so important as to preclude the possibility of harmoniousand nrosperV lousunion: provided that eacli Slate, '}?i which is supposed to be most familiar ' J with its own ail'airs, be left free to , manage its local concerns, and receive j from the common central government of; equal rights and privileges with the es; other Slates. Under these justcondilis'i tions I am free to say that it seems to t>d be not only our duty but our interest se to encourage the growth of fraternal to feeling and to promote that harmony in jso essential to the prosperity of the at j whole. n- j It is not necessary that the late conin llict fierce and bloody as it was should is, | prove to he the vulnits immcdicubile? mi ! that the bitterness which- it engenderlisled should last forevei. After such a in j collision it would be a miracle tli' if there was not feeling?natural feeln-j ing which we all understand and reaa spect; but it is to be hoped that this as'will yield to the softening influence of !e-1 time, of tlieeiijovmentof equal rights, Id 'and of the habitual cultivation of muig tual forbearance, and especially to the e- soothing effect of such celebrations as id ! this, where all may unite as fellow-citid i izens in recalling memories, traditions, lie {and glories, that are the common proplejerty of all. e-i Ours is not the only country in s. which there have been civil comnioi; tions and bloodshed. France which Its M) united to-day lias been torn and lacerated by the fiercest convulsions that earth tiu? known. AndKnglnnd, hacked utid butchered lor an m?c by the remowelexs factions of York lieu and Lancastrians, has yet become what she Is to-day, peaceful, prosperous, united, and powerful. There are other considerations which should not be altogether overlooked. To generous natures it i.n more agreeable to indulge tlie Kiiutiy than the resentful emotions. Benevoj lence is wisdom. The wise man said, I "Keep thy heart with all diligence "for out of it are the issues of life." The revengeful passions often recoil j upon themselves. A chronic state ol ;suspicion, jealousy, and dissatisfaction is not promotive of happiness or i prosperity in the case of an individual, !a family, or a nation. Unhappy is the condition of that people whose duty as citizens is at war with their sentiments asmen, and who cannot without insincerity speak of their political associates as friends and fcllow-citizens. THE SOUTH NOT UNCIVIL. If these precepts of good citizenship are violated, it will not he done by tin. j Southern people,?whose excuse lor si ' doing would be greater than could be !ur;'ed for others. It is sometimes charged, however, that the defeated |section, sensitive and proud, is incliti 1 1..,.,,1 fr ill flml j UU IU Ul' CAWIUftDCailU uanvaiiQ v? ? j hospitality and comity to persons fron I the victorious section, so becoming i? associates and equals. This we de elaro to be a misapprehension. \V< desire and welcome all respectabh persons who come among us really and truly as immigrants with theii property and household gods to casl i their lot here for weal or woe. \V< : need assistance in building up ou: waste places?laborers in the field, tlx workshop, and the liberal professions All such are kindly welcomed, and i they work their way up to honorabli distinction it will not be denied them ' Our people have always been remark .able for their admiration of tal 1 enL. They delight to honor i I for in so doing they bono Ithemselves. They appreciate it am (appropriate it. * They yield pre 'cedenoc to no people in honoringtliei Iadopted sons, who have fairly woi ' their distinction. This is abundantly j proved by history, and many livinj j examples attest it. Hut they do be ! lieve that they are neither lessabl ! nor less deserving than others,am jtheyare unwilling to have all tliei !odices monopolized by strangers win |come here temporarily to obtain ollie 1 I - - * I i i\ i*<it n/li/iau it Mi i u^v a[)[>t*ui i ii? in iuuc |;u-juuivrn **??i (stirring up bitterness, and then returi i whence theycame to boast the honor [and enjoy the riches thus acquire* {here. No people could be justly ox ! pected to a fiord assistance to so h u mil I itiit i11lc a process of spoliation and den I nidation. (Jencrous hospitality is par |o.t" the character of the Southern pec | pie, whose amenity of manners is bu the index to the kindness of thei hearts. That noble virtue belongs t them by every title, ?by birth, tradi tion, education, impulse, and Ion practice. May it never cease to be th distinguishing trait in the character c "these souls of tire and children of th sun." "thk solid sol'tir." It has sometimes been charged as matter impugning the good citizen ship of the Southern people that sine rIn* vvmi'thi'v biivi* been identical i ! political opinion and action. Th | com plaint as made takes the form < an arraignment of "the Solid South. | Whether the unanimity of a peopled) a just ground of reproach agains them depends entirely upon the prill jciples on which they are united. Jt i hoped that all are united for virtue i j the abstract. If bjj this complaint it i i implied that the people of the Souti it-ill States, morbid from misfortum 1 are united in opposition to measure.' J right or wrong, and for purposes < | obstruction and revenge, it is a greu i injustice, and one calculated to pn iducc the very state of affairs it di ^plores. A lcllow-fecling makes n j wondrous kind. The calamities an I sufferings of the Southern States hi ' ing the same, it would be strange in 'deed if they were not unanimous i : seeking relief, and upon all question | touching their common conditio!' I 'Plinra Its TW\f Itiiiir ti ii rifi f I'idl i/< ttnfltiii I lll.v- 1.1 .../v.....J, ! inconsistent with duty us frond eit jzens, in being united?"solid," if yo , pleii.se?for deliverance, for 'equu ! rights, and for honest government |unci "solid" too sigainst all oppose j thereto?against injustice, extortioi ioppression, and especially against a i that make it their business to prenc the gospel of hate, and to perpel nate strife between the sections an : the races. Jn support of just, liberal, and broa views and sentiments, 1 invoke th name of Washington. He has Ion j ago departed from us, bul he has iel us the example of his life. We ar ! perfectly familiar with the pitch an | tone of his character, and from thei 11 feel sure that if he were present wit ! us in the Uesh to-day, he would no\ J as in the olden time counsel reconci : iation, justice and peaee,?reconcilii j tion between the sections enibittere : by the hue war, justice and kind fee! linns between the races in their new rt iiations, uikI ''peace 011 earth, goo ' will to men." DUTIKS TO OUKSKM'KS. We owe duties to ourselves. C I these the first in importance is t ! cherish a modest self-respect. Defeat ed as we have been, reduced to povei ty as jve are, nothing has occurred fo i whien we should be ashamed. Dcfeu | is humiliating, but it is not always di> graceful. .Success in battle is no bet ' ter test of right than the inability t ! walk over red-hot plough-shares is j proof of guilt. The arbitrament c i arms does not reach the essential rjual | ity of right; but, there being no aj. ! peal, it is practically final. History i i lull of such judgments rendered b, ! the sword. "Kli-rnnl rlt?ht, thonjrh all elsefnll, Can nowr bo nnule wronj?." ! Tn our political structure the oblign j tions to the .State and the general gov jernnientaru so divided and so shad j!iito each other that in case of con ! flict the position of the citizen is on iof embarrassment; and in that cas obedience to his State, which protects , him and lias a right command to him I has in it nothing of the treachery, infi l.i..!!?< uikI mni-il ilimrnvitv #.f trimum UUIIIJ J - ! Loyalty, like charity, begins at home ! Its'most sacred obligations originate a !the 11 reside for wife, children, am I friends, and then expand until the I i i\riw... ii.? c<i.> I ein LU'iKX* llir umiiiiuj . ,? iicm iiiv oil!I i roars her standard and commands tli . obedience of hersoiiH, it is a solecisu i in terms to call the rightful obedient' she exacts treason in any odioussensi This principle was recognized b; i England, so tenacious of the loyalty (' i her subjects, wlien at the close* of th ! Wars of the Roses she declared, ii the famous statute of Henry the Sev i enth that obedience to a (lcj'acto gov I eminent is not treason. Our case i ! much stronger, for the State govern ineut is admittedby all to lie also d jure. \ It can not be dishonorable to follox i earnest convictions at the risk of lif and all that life holds dear. That i the line on which heroes fall, martyr ! die, and patriots are made immortal | But while we claim this for ourselvc 'we should he willing to grant it 1 others. Fidelity to the death is th i highest test of sincerity, and the jus land brave true soldiers whether the; I use the gray or the blue are a I way' I willing to respect honest conviction ! baptized in blood. I venture to pre Idict that . this will be the uni j versal voice of the whole coun i try and of the world when tin j clouds of passion and prejudici shall have rolled away. j There is another duty incumbent 01 I us in connection with this subject,i the solemn obligation, as sacred a: ! honor itself, out of our slender mean: to care for those of our companion: | who lost their limbs or were other I wise disabled in the struggle. All es | tablished governments, not excepting that of the Turk, delight tomnke pro vision for their disabled soldiers, liui it is not one of the least misfortune! of an unsuccessful effort to establish i government, that the maimed am wounded are cast upon the cold chari ty of the world without half-pay bounty, or pension. Unable to labor they have no support but the volunta ry contributions of friends, find tlx consciousness of duty performed. ' But there is n higher and more ten ! der obiigatiou?tlmt of providing for .< j the helpless ones, the widows and or-1 1 [phans of comrades who fell. And i ! what shall we say of those comrades 6 ! themselves who lie buried on every ) ij battle-lield from Gettysburg to the t jKio Grande? There is no grateful t government to erect monuments for t i them; but, loved companions, sleep i swe'etly in your soldier graves, you ; 11 shall'not be forgotten 1 When we pro- j vide, as bestweean, fortlvose for whom i jyoudied, we will mingle with the I ,| pious act some tears for you! In thatli grand army, marshalled on fame's j i eternal camping-ground, now asinU <- - ?1,1 , i uic ioriuer umu uiuii wm i^uuvi #oj i ' their companion, and 1 am sure that i living or dead, with or without 5 j monuments, there can be no disgrace i in being with that perfect type of his 1 i countrymen and exponent of the < Southern soldier?ltobert Edmund I Lee. " : WASHINGTON AND LEE., . _ I Tf we had a modern Plutarch <0 ' write the "parallel lives" of the great J 1 men of this continent, I know of no ' > I man whose character could be weighted and balanced with that of Wash- 1 > j ington but General Lee. The j)erva- 1 J ding tone of both characters was the > same?well balanced, self-contained- 1 II prudent, and conservative, devoted to truth, and willing to suffer martyr^ dom in the line of duty. While cam-1 11 paigning in Virginia around the old 1! family homesteads where they both, were born and lived and died, I J have often mused upon the striki J lug parallels in their life and "Icharacter. They both sprang from i'Igood old Anglo-Saxon stock, reaching L 1 - - ' - ?)< 1... t j tar uacK Hiwunmuicvuinjui^i. a?.?-i jlsame Ancient Dominion gave birth to rj both, and theirclmraeters were mouldsjed by the same cultured civilization of! | Lower Virginia. Coming as they did ! f from the sjime neighborhood, theirj sjfamilies had been intimate from a' . time prior to the llevolutiou, and be-i - came connected by the marriage of I - Lee with Miss Custis of Arlington, j t the great-grand-daughter of Mrs. Alarr ] tlia Washington. Lee notonly inher-l Ijited the estates, but possessed all the| - j knightly modesty, the high sense of j r i duty, the unswerving patriotism, and 11 that even balance of the qualities ofj f \ head and heart, that characterized the, I [Father of his Country. -j Washington was a loyal subject of; "iTr:.... rjunnra T-tiu fii-ut nntilm Jutfs! L- iVIllfi j I were in llie service of his sovereign.! r He stood in high favor with the moth-; r> er country aiul'md no personal griev-i u nnces to redress; but when principle) il and the welfare hof his native land j II made a separation necessary, lie form-!' s ed his decision deliberately. It cost j iljhiin a struggle to part from his late' - comrades in the British army aud 1- j from his gentle neighbors of lie! voir?i - j the Fairfax family; but he did not t; hesitate to forsake all and to! i-1 stake his all for the liberty' Hand independence of his country;! rland he maintained thai resolution j o with unfaltering perseverance to the: i- glorious end. ^ Lee was a true aud loyal citizen of; e the Untted States. His'father, "Light! >f I Horse Harry," had been famous in! o| the Revolution and' a favorite of; | Washington. He had himself render| e*i gallant service aud was already a a'distinguished otlicer in the army. 1 !_ j rernemherone splendid feat in Mexico u!which was the dawning of his fame.! t"i! On tlie dark and stormy night of the e 119tli August, 1847, he crossed und rccrossed on foot the almost impenetiai?! ble "Pedrigal" around the flunk of the c J enemy, ami arranged tliat splendid 11 combination which resulted in storm-' (.ling Valentia's camp at sunrise the s next morning and the crushing victo! ry of Contrerus. lie too hud no pefjs'.sonal grievances to redress. He loved ,_ihis fellow-ollicers, and he loved the , iarmy. He loved the lliig under which j' j his father had fought, under which he Jihad won his own glory, and unltjder which he had been invited ito take commanding position in ?_ i the impending ?truggle between ,; the States. He considered well j and took his position from principle. ; He could not draw his sword against ..'the bosom of his mother Virginia. ,,! He resigned his commission, left s 1 comrades and friends, ami cast in his ( j lot with his people, "bone of his bone 'land flesh of his flesh." The separaM tion cost him also a struggle, but his uj deliberate, conscientious, and filial tl | resolution he maintained with heroic .! firmness to the bitter end?illustrat!1 imr 2111 the wisdom, constancy, and for ! titude that distinguished hi* prototype lj in thcfirst great revolution, j! Wellington and Lee both were leaders of their countrymen in defence of "J their country. They were Loth charged with disloyalty and denounced us (j rebels and malefactors, outlawed from I the rights and courtesies of ohivalric ' warfare. They had precisely the same II i d illicn I ties about the exchange of pris' oners. It is tlie habit of olllcials to (jj treat with scorn and contempt those j who propose to establish a new gov ! eminent. The very first form in j which loyalty expresses its hatred of j opposition, is in the refusal to reeogj ni/.e those who fall into their hands as j j prisoners of war. One of the first letijters Washington wrote after taking command of the army at Boston was j1 to General (jage in behalf of his pai triot soldiers who were prisoners. J "Let your opinion, sir, of the princi| "pies which actuate them be what it Ifl "may. they suppose that they act from oj "the" noblest of all principles?love of t- "freedom and their country. The >| "obligations arising from humanity rj "are universally binding." it liut there is one particular in which t-jthe parallel must become a contrast. -1 Washington had the good fortune to o be successful in his rebellion, and, a after seven long years of incredible >f toil and suffering, tospc'nd the evening I- of his days in peace and prosperity, >-1 enjoying the liberties he had achieved s j and a glory transcending that ever bey i fore given to man. j Lee, though animated by sentiments as pure and lofty, was unsuccessful. It was not allowed to him to be the i-Jnew Washington of a new republic. Vac Vici't:! Overwhelmed by supee! rior numbers and resources, hesurreni-jdered his sword. His property conel Hscuted and his country in ruins, sad j e and sorrowful but without unmanly j s I repining he retired to a quiet literary ! , J retreat in the beautiful Valley of Viri.lirinia. where his name was attain as-1 1.1 socialcd with tluiL ot' Washington; and | > ' there, sustained by the consciousness i 11 of patriotic intentions and duty well \ ;) |performed, lie exhibited a dignity,! y; serenity, and strength of soul, which e oan he developed by nothing but tni.ic J fortune. Having failed to maintain n the government established by. his e immediate countrymen, his patriotic >. efforts were then directed to remove the bitterness engendered by the strife if and restore concord between the sec- j e tions lately inarms. In the midst of \! his.usefulness, in the meridian of life,' - j enthroned in the hearts of his old sol-' -jdiers, surrounded by loving friends,J s | and supported by that sympathy; - which is always excited by virtue in! c I misfortune, he too was laid to rest in : j the bosom of the mother of .States and ; v i statesmen, upon whose soil he first; ejsaw the lijjht, whose orders he obeyed j .sjwJio.se iieartnstones ne uetenucd, i s \ whose Hag lie bore so gallantly, and j | , whose people lit: loved so well. j <J What, a just pride lor our section of o'the country?what an especial glory j 0 i for Virginia, to have produced two such i t ineu! That grand old State lias a y' long list of iniiuortal names; but ifi sjshe hud none save 'Washington and s Lee, these alone would vindicate,her civilization to the remotest genera Lions. Successful rebellion becomes; - j patriotism. Let lis honor Washington i! as the fortunate leader of the armies j l> that achieved our independence,?as j I the founder of our institutionsami the j j j great exemplar of the continent. JJutj -i let us not forget to drcp one silent tear' Jin the memory of Lee, '.he great leader I a of the army of Northern Virginia[ <| which carried upon its bayonets the! - fortunes of the Confederate South?| - the true representative of his people,; ; and the counterpart of Washington in i - all things but success. 1 Tin; Washington autim*.?:ry. ! ? t i Gentlemen of the. Washington A rtil-\ |Jferij: I am indebted to your kindness: -j tor the honor of being with you to I , i day. You called me from pro-1 , fcssional labors in the battle of life,? , -1 in these days indeed a buttle. Tojres 5 i pond to your call would bo u pleasure I at any time, but at tliis particular -'juncture iu our affairs, it seemed to be'1 iomctliiugmore?a duty. This is the I irst return of the birth-clay of "Wash- 1 ngton ninoe the redemption of the j t State from race domination and cor- I *upt misrule; aud being more anxious ;o be useful than striking, it occurred I ;o me that we might avail ourselves of ? lie associations connected with this i lay to refresh Oar own patriotism, 1 Mid to suggest to our people some I iractical thoughls as to the necessity < ma duty of mitigating as far as possi- jle sectional jealousies, and cultivat- I ng sentiments of an enlarged patriot- < sin. The life of Washington is aji 'tanding exhortation to.his country- ' lien in behalf of harmony, fraternity,!; mm! peace. In this view, I have i (pokeu frankly and sincerely opin- ' ions long entertained, and now it only remains to say a few words to you per-!' sonally. You have many reasons for pride Mid congratulation. You have a right ; tf) be proud of your home?this grand :>ld city so deservedly famous for the generous hospitality and high culture' >f her citizens. Charleston has been conspicuous in every great connici 01 this country from the time prior to the declaration of independence, when the fleet of Sir Peter Parker, shattered and shivered by the palmetto pen on yonder island, was driven over the bar ?until more recently Fort Sumter though in ruins frowns defiance o'er the*deep and, like the dying gladiator, "Consents to death, but conquer* agony." Whilst Washington was quartered at Richmond Hill on the Hudson, oppressed by the responsibilities of his position as commander-in-chief and especially anxious about the fate of] New York then impending, this weight was for a time lifted from his] great heart by a dispatch from Charles-1 ton bearing ilate June 2S, 1776, aud containing these words: "The-cool courage they displayed astonished ami enraptured me, fori " do assure you, my dear General, I " never experienced a better fire. " Twelve full hours it was continued " without intermission. The noble " fellows who were mortally wounded " conjured their brethren uever to " abandon the standard of liberty. " Those who lost their limbs deserted " not their posts. Upon the whole " they acted like .Romans in the third " century." Such were your ancestors the defenders of Fort Moultrie as reported to the commander-in-chief by one; who was himself a distinguished sol-i dier, who was cradled in the British: army, had served iu the famous campaigns of Europe, commanded Cossacks, fought with Turks, talked with Frederick the Great, and been aide-de-camp to the King of Poland,? Major-Genera! Charles Lee, then the commander of the Southern armies. You have reason to congratulate yourselves in being the originators of! ibis happy celebration and grand reunion for which all of us, your guests and the country, are ho much indebted to you. Bearing the immortal name of Washington, there is a pleasing appropriateness in celebrating his birth-day under your auspices. This good fortune is enhanced by your being on this occasion the representative of the newly organized citizen soldiery of the State?who, ignored, overslaughed, and disbanded during the d rk tiifrcs li ave, in connection with 'good government, sprung into existence armed cap-a-pie like Minerva from the head of Jove. ft is also a peculiar felicity that on this day of kindnees and good fcl1 Towship?springing from a common pride in Washington and a sense of a I common country and, common duties jand destinies, you have present i l ilirt^wui iiwuuiirvi uuiim^ ?iiii I you in the patriotic services of the I day, distinguished companies of citiizcii soldiers from other cities of the State as well as from sinter States:? ' from Georgia, the Diomed of the Revolution?the youngest of the old thirteen. that followed Washington, but j now the Empire State of the South; land from Virginia, the mother or Patj riek Henry who kindled the fires of i resistance?of Thomas Jeflerson who i wrote the Declaration of Independence.?and of George Washington ; who achieved that independence with ! his sword. Friends and fellow-citizens. Washington's hirth-day, which ; should always make us one, this year, ! from a sense of contrast with the re!cent past, brings to us unwonted | brightness and joy. It is to us indeed a day of rejoicing; and when to this is added the pleasure of your kind ! visit and sympathy, we verily believe 1 the year of jubilee has come, Georgians, Virginians, countrymen all, in the name of the Washington ArtilI lery, in the name of the city of CharI leston, in the name of the citizen soli diery, and of the whole commonwealth, I bid you welcome, thrice welcome to the hearts and homes of tiip Palmetto State. 5?It is~ thft constitutional right of ' everv citizeu to bear arms'. It is not ionly his privilege but his duty iu view jof the fact that liberty in its last ; analysis is but the blood of the brave. !The theory of our government is that we are not lo rely upon a standing army except as a nucleus of educated soldiers around which, as occasion requires, the citizens may rally for the defence of home and country. Citizen soldiers are never dangerous to liberty. They are but the people in their defensive armor?the phase they j present and the attitude they take for j the protection of their property, their I families, and their dearest rights. ;They are our safety in trouble and at all tunes our pride?both ourpluiue and shield. '1 his necessary protection, however is only a part ol the good accomplish! ed by subjecting th? citizen to military discipline. A greater advantage I lies in its inlluence upon character. | It performs for the moral qualities somewhat the same office that mathematics does for the intellectual?as a trainer. It is the nursing-mother of all the manly, hardy, heroic virtuesobedience, truth, fidelity, bravery, and even patriotism itself, for in all ages aifd countries there has been an intimate connection between bravely and love of country. Military discipline cultivates and stimulates personal heroism, without which safety, independence, and liberty nre mere words of delusion. Devotion to country does not ordinarily exist, ana it it did, u would be u useless waste of empty sentiment, without the spirit to defend that country. All hail to the new-horn citizen soldiery of the Statej! J5ut you have a special source of pride in the honorable record of your own company. Organized hnd eliartered in 1844 under Capt. Peter Della Torre, and Lieutenants Walter, Duncan, and Dh Saussure, it will soon he time to celebrate your semi-centennial. Your organization has been kept up either as company, society, or club, during the whole of the thirty five years from that time to this day? the most eventful period in the history of the country. It would be interesting, but time will not permit, to pass in review the successive otticers and the muster-roll of the men, numbering, as I am informed, About eight hundred. 1 cannot, howc^r, refrain from touching on some of the incidents in your history. When you were young in years, in 1S40, the Palmetto Iteginient, as famous for its services as for its suHerii'gs, was raised for the Mexican War. Of that devoted regiment Charleston furnished Company A-', which was for the J most part formed from your members, j Under the gallant Capt. William! Hlanding, my comrade and friend,1 that company endured all the priva-' thins and dangers and shared in allj the glories of that modern "Ten Thousand" who under General Scott' captured Vera Cruz and the Castle of; St. Juan De Ulloa, scaled the heights j of Cerra Gordo, triumphed in the! bloody meadows of Churubusco, ear-j ried Chapultapec and the (Sate of' Helen, and flung out in triumph the| banner of stars from the national palace of Mexico. When in later times the bugle blast1 of war summoned every son of the j State to uphold her standard and| defend her soil, you volunteered| and served through the War, on | the coast and the adjacent is-i lands. Besides this important work, | your organization as the matrix' -ent forth for service in Virginia a large part of that famous Company of Artillery which at first as apart of Lhe Hampton Legion was commanded I )y the chevalier Stephen D. Lee? who rose to the rank of Lieut. Gener-; il ? and afterwards was known w ;hroughout the Army of Northern S Virginia a9 Hart's Battery. That A jattery of horse-artillery was connected wkh the cavalry, and on the flanks i A? .1 1 .iA ma in exposed positions renuen-u uia- /? linguished service. In reviewing re(, ;he romantic incidents in the history dor >f that comparatively small command ?its adventurous expeditions, its' hair- d l 1 breadth'scapes by flood and field, it* lashing, dragoon gallantry, the mind involuntarily recalls the pencil note which Napoleou scratched on the pommel of his saddle while his cuirassiers in full view were sweeping as with a tempest the stricken field of Eylau? _,r 'The horse guards have covered them- S selves with glory." Die When the bugles sang truce and the Aj,! war was ended, you returned to the ? pursuits of peace. Leaving your Ci fallen comrades on the battlefield, you reached your desolate homes penniless ; and friendless. Your property de stroyed, yourselves under the ban of -p treason, and excluded by aliens and D strangers from all places of honor or ??] pro tit, you had to battle for subsistence, SK but you kept your faith, and, in com- bot mon with your countrymen, discharg- ^ ed as best you could all thedutie%of ncr good citizens. After a period, not long mr indeed but which to us seemed an ase, Jfj by ouo herculean effort of our people ri* deliverauce came; and when the ex- l pressed will of the people which pro- n<J claimed that deliverauce was about to ? be set aside, y.ou were the tirst company in the State to tender j'our services to defend the right and maintain the triumph of good government that had been achieved by unparalleled exertions, self control, andl}?1 passive heroism. . dil Happily the title of our government is not disputed now. We brgathe more freely. Troops no longer occupy ] the Capitol. The day is brejkkiug. Good omen* are around lis; ana it is J ours to act with that moderation, justice, and wisdom, which will prove we deserved our tardy good fortune, and contribute to make it perpetual. / Peace hath her victories not less renowned than war. Let us on this . great holiday recur to former times A and first principle*. There was noth- ? ing about Washington more decidedly marked than his life-long opposition to sectional bitterness and partv strife, He was broad in his views antf catholic in ali his sentiments. Imbibe his mi spirit, emulate his virtues, and we shall yet have a peaceful and prosper- ^ ous country. His great example is hi more useful to us now than ever before. Keep faith with scrupulous fidelity. Make no false or unmanly recantations, but speak the truth with firmness, and modesty. Harbor no feelings of revenge, but tcultivate kindly sentiments. Respect q [the honest convictions of others, and j J | demand the same for your own, with- j vl | out self-reproach or shame or sense of; inferiority to living-man. I In our condition of restored liberty,! 1 looking .back upon the Stygian pootj ? | from which we have just escaped? jfl J fiorresoo rrfcrem?and having faith in 11 t the resistless power of truth, justice, endurance, and virtue, M-e may well!j\ i adopt the godlike invocation of the jspirit. Demogorgon to Prometheus Uiii bound? Gentleness, virtue, wisdom nn<l enduranoo. These are llicseals of that most Ann assurance "1 Which bar the pit overdcstructlon'sstronfrtb. I These lire the spells by which to re-assume I An empire o'or the dfsentunuled doom. ; To milter woes which hope thinks inllnlle; fr i To forgive xvronzs darkerthnn donth ornlght; I ' To defy power which seonis omnipotent: I To love and hear; to hope, till hope creates i Fronvltsown wreck the thine it contemplates; rg Neither to change, nor falter, nor repont; J This, like thy dory, Titan. Is to-be . Good, emit and Joyous, beautiful and free; : This is alone life, Joy, empire and victory. | ^ _ - ^ | CIGrARS. Bumble Bee, Home Again, Peculiar, a Figaro. BLACKWELL'S ! Durham Smoking Tobocco. CHEWING TOBACCO ; OF all kinds, from 10 cents to .">0 eenta a | I Plug, from 50 cents to a ?1.50 a, J pound. . | PIPES. J i A new lot of Fancy Pipes just receive* | 1 1 by !& ' JAMES M. LAWSON. 11 October 17, 1877, tf. . To Debtors. I "VTO man has been more lenient than I i jlN have been towards niv debtors, and _ : for this reason I think they should pay me now that I need tho money. Pay up old scores and start anew. Respectfully, W. t. PENMEY. r Oct. 17, 18T7, tf. I PLAXTATlOirSUPPLIES ? ! ! Vi CONSTANTLY ON HAND.s ?-o-? CORN. OATS, MEAL, FLOUR, BACON r >1 UL.XS.SES, SALT, SUOAH, COFFEE j ? I TEA in lurge or sninll quantities. PLOW-1 'STOCKS, PLOW'S, IIOES, AXES, THACEi CAHINS, ?fcc., 4e., ? ! j GUANO ON BEST TERMS. i * ALL the wants and necessities of the (farmer carefully considered and prepared , for. Special inducement* ottered the planter. ' Before making your arrangements elsewhere, I icive us a trial. We will exert ourselves to -? I give en tire satisfaction. I " W. JOEL SMITH & SON. ! ! Jan. 10, 1878. * 'U ; CLOSrNTG- CUT IS 'MILLINERY, DRESS GOODS K ! SHAWLS, BOULEVARDS, FLAN-'^ NELS, FURS, id, 1 A Nl> all kinds nf WIXTEIt GOODS, at: J\. greatly reuticeu prices, ni ine I K.Mi'uKILM OF 1-ASllIONS. I Jan. Hi. lfCS. ! js 'State of South Carolina,1*;; County of Abbeville. IN TIIK J'KOBATK COl'ltT. . Kr-l'nrtf? Win. \Vlrl;liHo. i ^ Petition of Final Discharge. ?f i II(TM. WIl'KI.II'TK, hnviin; applied to tlie! I i ?V ('i)tirt i?l" 1'rolKito lor a dual dischucre i.1 ! froin the* Administratorship of the Kstate of! | .Taiuos 1). Hull. It is ordered, that Wednesday,! the sixth day of March next, hi-fixed us the | time for grunting said discharge. I / ; _ J. FUI.l.KH I.YOX, j | I Ft'l). I>, ItFiP. o. I IU,, a. ? J 43 Differ*' 'exit ls.iiicisj10 OF T)RFGS to arrive lit PK.VNKY'S on or before Sat unlay, next. When you call I Re tor I'll.J.S. I'J.ASTKIIS. I'KRITMKS, PKl'-jtoi ' 1'KRS, PARACORH', Ac., Ac., you c.-ui have tin I them for the money. Yours truly, W. T. PENNEY.'' U I i'H January .>0, I.s?8. ip; Notice. i lie ANNUAL RETURNS.;! AI.L Administrators, Executors, Guardians,! and Trustees, who are required by Jaw to make annual returns of the receipts audi expenditures of their respective estates, will! do so at once, or be subjected to a rule. J. FFLLKR I,YON, Jiidjre of 1'robatc Court, A. C. , f\ February t>, 1S78. 11 TAX PAYERS NOTICE. :? ! m RETFRXS for TOWN ITAXKS must be! sh! made to me by the first of March, next, | 1U by order of Council. (, T. P. QFART.ES, January .'{0, IH78, tf. Treasurer. W. C. BENET\ H Attorney at Law, J Law Ranged Abbeville C. II., SC. I j 1ST otic? '0,' ID11CES. LLjieiwov vJn(? demand* a trains tho ratal* of IlaFrunklln.dcceuml.aro UR?i6flMO'tN ? tneir oIuIiiim to the unxiirnetf ndminl^rUors within thirty dny* hey may be barred, and those Indented to t e?tuU:jiiu*t puy their lndebtedne**. J. J. COOPKR. W.T. 8MITU. Administrator*. eb. 20,1S78, tf. 5 IJNliJLU VJLJN. ECIKKT for vomiting In Pregnancy? Powerful und Relievable romwly for INGESTION, DYSPEPSIA AND SH.'KHTOMIi., . E. PARKER, eb. 20.187S, tf. ate of South Carolina, County'of Abbeville. Y an order from the Probate Court, I willresell at the rink of P. 51.1). Oliver, the lowing tract* of fund to wit: The ''Burnett ice" containing THREE HUNDRED AND VENTY-FIVE ACREK more or Jen* and jnded by James Carlisle, the "Home Place," 1 others; Also the "Patterson Tract" conning ONE HUNDRED AND KORTY-NINE esniore or less and bounded by A. Bow>n. the trnet above described, nnd other*, e truots of land belong to A. Oil rer'u estate. a win dc koIU on Hale Day in March, at llio k of the former purchaser, P. >1. H. Oliver. 'KHMS CASH. Purchaser* to pay for all irossary papers. J. Y. JONE8, 'eb. 13,1878, tf. H. A. C. iCOtioo WIIiLbctolet to the loweat bidder on Saturday the 25d, Instant, the bulldK of a bridge aenws Mill <?reelc near Mr. G. Dawson's. Specification* given on the y. To be let at 11 o'clock. It. JOXKS, <i. >1. MATTISON, It. 3. McC'ASLIN. February 12th, 1878, tf. F. O. DuPREi TBIAL JUSTICE, Abbeville C. H., S. C. NY business 'entrusted to hi* care will roL cclve his prompt and personal attention. JXTOtice IS hereby tfven to jportles on Judgments iu oom l'liiiiittn'M utiU Defend* ita, that L. i>. HOWIE, former Clerk of the >urt of (,'oinnion pleas for Abbeville county, m luwlicncd to lis for the benefit of a creditor. 8 coats and fee*. 1'ityment thereof Is requlrt to be made to us. PERfilN & COTHRAN. February 13,1?78. AbbcvlUc, C. H. TAN; YARD. ''IIE nndon-lgned now* hnvi In Hacresxful openitlon, n good tun yard, at Donald*llo. where hlrte# of every description will rboueht. For dry hides we Day 12 cenU; r green hide*, 6 cents. . HAWTHORN & HODGES. Jan. SI, Iiu.sTS Surpassed by any, itono Phosphate Co's Excellent Fertilizers. ^iir mi nm r nut tin Ht olILUDlE bUAIXU, ie acid phosphate. WF.Y have hwn thoroughly tested, anil Ki veil entire sutlsfuijilou lotton at 15 Cents. I. JOEL SMITH & SON, Agents. school . books XD A SUPPLY OF FP.KSII STATION KRY. i LSO A NICK SUPPLY OK NOTE PAV PKlt AND KNVKLOPK8 IN UOXhM. EDWIN PABKER. Feb. 0,187S. 'he last kksort. M MORE CREDIT. f-O-t I? Intend hereafter to have the Cafh for my Dru^n or keep them. ThW way of xelllng khJ.siiii a promise, that will foe paid next lies-day it n tl next week, and the Hint time come to town, and all that, and then have > ut-j; imu riiimii, aim nuvi'nin', w? pi?ui?u ;iy up An., dr., anil worxt of nil, never iret nur pay tit till Is down right foollxhne** on le pari of tin* sfllor and worm* on the part r the buyer. Ho no more of it for iuo If you lease. Hesnectl'ully, \V. T. PENNr. January 16.187?. TAKE NOTICE. I Luxj'j AuxisiB ana Aiiui/A'iv a ine late T. Bally MilforU have l?cen laoe<l in the hands of Mr. J. F. C. Pure, to whom payment may Ik' made, itliout cost, until the 1st (lav of Moreh, >'78. All claims not settled by that ate will be sued on. T. r. MILFORD, Administrator. January 23, 1878, 3t. State of South Carolina, County of Abbeville. . S. Marshall and J. W. W. Marshall, Executors, Plaintiffs, Acuinst John U. Boozer, Defendant. otiec of application to Substitute Burnt Records. To John G. Boozer, Defendant. iT'OT' are hereby required to answer the application in this case.and to rvo a copy of votir answer on the sub:riher at ifis ofYice at Abbeville Court nuse, within twefity ?lavs after the wrier hereof, exclusive of the day of seriee: If you fail to answer the opplienon as aforesaid, the Piaihtitfs M ill ask ave of the Clerk of Court of said counto substitute a new judgmeut for the 'initial, obtained against you, on the 8th ' March, lstf7, for the sum of eight huured and liftv dollars: SAMUEL C. CA80N, Plaintitl's Attoorney. To the Defendant John (?. Boozer, who absent from the State. Take notice, lat a copy of the aforesaid application is been tiled this day, in the otlice of the lerk of the Court of said Countv. K VMTKL t\ C'ASON. Jan. 1<>, 1878. Plaintiffs' Attorney. ;Q500 ' ACTIVE, ENERGETIC Y|5% AGENT WANTED. l HjAII. ON OUR GRAND COMBINATION PROSPEGTIJS OF . 160 DISTINCT PUBLICATIONS! AND 0 Styles of Bibles and Testaments, 'presenting Agricultural, Hioirraphlcal, Hi*, ical, Kelielous and Miscellaneous Works of 1 vcrsal interest. A Novel Feature in Canvassing!!! tales made from this Prospectus when nil igle Hooks fail. It contains something to it every tusto and faucy. We are also otfer; siteeial inducements in our REM1UM FAMILY BIBLES 'nplish and German, Protestant and Catho. Awarded Superiority over all other*, for Mr Invaluable Aids and Superb Hindinpi, t lie (J It A N IX'ENTKXMA LEX P<XSIT1< )N, li. Uso Gencnil and Local AGENTS WAITED on or h REAT WAR BOOK, most comprehensive, Reliable and' accue History of the Ureat Contest between the ; SSI AN and the TURK. With lis UUO eleut Encrnvlngs, Maps and Flans, the numt iwy, desirable and useful liooK now publicd. Uberul Terms. Particulars 1- re*. [dress, J 1)11 N K. PORTER A CO.. Publisher*. 1*1 II LA DEI.Fill A. _ OME MADE FERTILIZER. onti'k chemical preparations, i sold bv K. PARK Kit, au. 10, 1878. Agent. <