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trifcMnjfe fbrtH in iniquity : it has sot be W its parent***. It is essentia!!? and radi orrapt . In the language of an English historian, describing tbe reign of the eighth Heary. "it h ts attained as near to perfect dc praciy as tbe infinnaties of human Oature woul<* permit." Just before an election it will talk of reform, and deprecate, With holy horror, the Consequences of its own mis deeds; but, no sooner is the object accom plished than it returns to its policy , like a dog to his vomit. I have no hope of reform in the party in power ; roy only hope is* that the People, coavNioed of their hyfmcrisy and wickedness, With bilfl them from the high places they have So long disgraced. That a consumma tion so devoutly to be wished for may be obtained, let us unite in exhibiting to the coo mfcry their true principles; let us fasten upoo them the responsibility of their actions. In this patriotic work I trust [ shall find with me my honorable friend from Sooth Caroli na, who sits near me, (Mr. Pickk5S.) Often has he led the fierce assult against these very corruptions. "Has bis hand waxed weak, or his his heart waxed eold," that bis war-cry has not yet tingled in our ears ? ? Surely the '* horu of Roland" will sound again; surely in this, his favorite battle, he adii sHke one more blow lor Christendom before he renounces the cross and assumes the turban. Sir, I see by bis flashing eye his sou! is with as ; the spirit of the past is rising before him; he recollects that many ttteoos hate not yet waxed and waued, since this very party, who now claim him as an ally* crouched aod howled life? on exorcised demon beneath the magic of his burning words. Let him come out from among theofr-rhe and his friends, for they are not ofthemi eagles mace not with kites and car rion crows. Sir, I should rejoice to see the gallant geftdeman lesume his original position. I shook! be proud to win my spurs under so well-approved and accomplished a leader. Let me call to his mind? fable, with which he is doubtless familiar: A gaunt and ra venous wolf, hastily gorging the spoils of I Some plundering expedition, was choked by a bone* and lay at the point of death. A stork happened to be passing that way, and, ? moped by an ill judged pity, extended her Jong neck down the woiCs throat, and ex tracted the bone. Upon modesty suggesting the propriety of some reward for so gener ous an act, the stork was told, with a wolfish scowl, that she oogbt to consider herself for tunate that her head was not bitten off dur- 1 iug the operation. Now, I take it that it requires no name Written beneath this picture, to enable the - most obtuse to recognise in the ravenous wolf j the present party io power. The picture will also call to miad how this party, some yetes ago, while gorging, with wolfish ap petite, upoo the Spoils," got a bone in its throat, aod lay at the point of dissolution. I Jeate it to the sagacity of the gentlemen from Sooth Carolina to finish the resemblance; to- say who acted towards the Administration ^ the part of the benevolent stork ; and to re flect upon the boon she is likely to receive for her kindness. Sir, the immense peculations of Swart Wout, Price, and ether*, or rather the expo sure of them, has alarmed the Administra tion. Tfcey propose to make up the losses by retrenchment. And what do yoa suppose are to be the subjects of this new and sod 4*n economy t what branches of the pub lic service are to be lopped off on account of the ftcautioos rapacity of tbe office-holders ? I fed too indignant to teH you. Let* into the report of tbe^Secrerary of r, v - VV frlit harbors, and . air* these are recom <w froper subjects for retrenchment. First of afl, the scarred veterans of the Revo ' Istni are to be deprived of a portion of the scanty pittance doled out to them by the cold ekarity of the country. How many of them will you k?>e to send forth as beggars upon the tetj sot! which they wrenched from the hand et tpranny, to make up the amonot of even one of these spleodid robberies ? How ataoy harbors wSI ft take? those improve meats dedicatedno less to humanity than to those Bests of commerce, to which the caavasa-atoaged bird* ef the ocean dock for safety? Sow many light-houses will it take ? Hew many of those "bright eyes of the ocean, > as my Mend from Virginia beau tifully calls them, are to be pet out? How wutny of those faithfal sentinels who stand sloag onr rocky coast, and peering far out ut Ike darkness, give timely waratng to the hardy mariner where the lee -shore threatens ?how assay of these, I ask,, are to be dis charged from their humane service ? ?Vhy, the proposition is almost impious. I should as soon wish to pat oat the stars of heaven. 3ir, my bUx*d boils at the cold-blooded atrocity with which this Administrative pro poses thus to saeri&ce the very family jewels efthe country to pay for the consequences of its awn profligacy. If they wish to fe treash, lot them cut dowa salaries, instead of light honaes; let them abandon offices, instead of harbors; let them turnout upon the world eoaie of their wide- mouthed partisans, in stead of the soldiers of the Revolution. Jfs. Chairman, I have done; I had intend ed to aaCtee other portions of the Message, bnt-nhaK defer it ; for f have already too far ttaxed -the patience of the committee. I shall vote in the House for an investigation* thowgfc? do net expect much from it. My hope is in an investigation by a higher author ity than this Hoase ? by the People. The evil wf the timee lies not in particular cases, but in *he principles of the party. Legislation cannot *each it. It is a radical evil* and the P eo ?ple alone can enre it. That they will do so, and in tbe only way it can he done, by a chwtge of rulers^ I have a high and only con fidence. This Administration has eaten, like i cancer, so far into the institutions of the eoaBtry* that, nnless the remedy be soon "spj&ed, it wiH be too late. I do most cau ?shntiefag? "believe, that if the present dy tiasty is. eoBtioued in power, constitutional liberty cannot survive. Already our institu tions are half corrupted. Already anarchy; and despotism are leagued together against the Constitution and the laws. Let him wae doubts it leok at the proceedings in a neigh 3) Ming State, an f the conduct of the F edenri Etecntiae in relation thereto. Let Mr. Van Buren be re-elected ; let him a?eUnoa [o be gnided by the counsels of j Tt&i iS itarr%lLct^ and Asroodeus, the two ifami at his elbow? those lords, ooe. ?[ wi U aot be long that this mighty Hall will ?efce teike*oi** ^ aB ^mericaa Rep*es?n ^ Th? Capital will have no other uses enHOsity af the passing whi ia melancholy idleness, will apon of these o^ive Hffirs t cat * Republic . Convtponde%& ?f the Baltmae Ckromde THIRD SESSION OF TWENTY-FIFTH CON GRESS. proof: edisgs of sa turd a y. Washington, Ff.b. I6ch, 1839. IN SENATE. . When the report of the Senate proceedings was sent yon yesterday, Mr. Preston had been speaking but a little while. He con tinued from that time until a very late hour, pouring out one continued torrent of elo quence against the principles contained in Mr. Wall's report. Mr. P read passages of the document and* descanted on them as he went along. The report affirmed that the bill did uot seek to punish a crime malum in se, but to constitute a new crime. Weie there no political offences, asked Mr. P? Did the attempt to bribe the voter constitute no of fence ? was it correct to assess salaries of of fice holders to furnish political tracts, ? was it right to use official influence for the pur pose of controlling the public will? Oh no! ? according to the doctrines of the report, all this was praiseworthy; not only was it an 44 inherent right, but a duty." ? Thils then, the fatted officer, the hired advocate, who held his very existence from executive will, was called 'ou, invited, nay stimulated to come and throw his weight on the side of his poli tical patron. It had gone 3 step farther than he ever expected the coldest politician to ? have advanced ? it had declared in effect that the power of the office holder ought to come in conflict with the purity of election ? to takeaway that power, says the report, would be to make thsm "mutes" Aye said Mr. P. that was what constituted the great ob jection; it would silence their noise at the polls, and prevent them from elbowing the people, and pushing them from their stools. Had we not heard it reiterated until it had become a trite proverb, that the price of li berty was eternal vigilance, and were these on the political watch tower, not to give no tice like faithful- wardens when they saw the approach of an insidious foe to liberty, in the shape of an executive minion? Were they . to be branded as enemies to the rights of the people. Did leaders of the retainers of the President (or as the Senator from Pa. (Mr. Buchanan) had said on another occasion, "the enlisted soldiers ") constitute the people? ?Such doctrines were thrown forth in the report to lull us into fatal security. Let us awake, said Mr. P. ere we are bound and manacled and when shorn of our strength, they tell us 44 the Philistine be upon thee, Samp son The celebrated document, with all its cry about "democracy, and democratic principle'' "was the emanation of federal heads and hearts ? its author and its advocate, (Messrs Wall and Buchanan,) who were federalists in their younger years, are not likely to be come republicans in their maturer years, when the blood waited upon the judgment? federalism still clung to them like the accent of the ' mother tongue in distant climes; they could not get rid of it. Youth was the time, whether io politics or love, to show the natural bent ? a federalist in youth would al ways be one ? and when he saw the old fede ral politicians patting on suddenly the frol icking,' garaboliog contortions of youthful, democracy, he distrusted their principles. ? They who in younger years scorned the principles of '98, should not now school him into the opinion that* those principles laid down the doctrine that office-holders consti tuted the people.- He bad no desire to re flect on the old federal party ? he believed it to have been a high-minded and noble one, and was said to have had for its head, that great name that had shed one broad bright blaaeof glorious light around this western horizon ? with all the veneration he had for E&fe proud name of Washington, he still held ^federal principles to be wrong. 44Office holders the people."* When, where, how, asked Mr. P. did they become so? Were they appointed by the people or the executive? Nay, had they not in many instances been brought into office against the manifest wishes of the people, and in some cases in contempt of this very body? the peo ple were flouted, scouted at, and yet forsooth "they are the officers of people.*' It was in relation to this very subject that a feeling of alarm was gotten op that ran like a blaze of fire around the land-chasing down the second administration; but now it is discovered that no further danger exists, that since Andrew Jackson and Martin Vau Buren came into power, the office holders are the people, and of right and uuty ought to coutrolthe pub lic will. This report, said Mr. P., flew directly in the face of all the political sages of free governments ?n earth, ? it was direct ly at variance with the doctrines of that great apostle of human liberty which gentlemen seemed so much to praise. From the Lynchburg Virginian. DEMOCRACY AND ARISTOCRACY ILLUSTRATED! . Bennett, of the New York Herald, hits off most admirably, in one of his letters from Washington, the characters of Martin Van Buren and Henry Clay, by one of those little incidents, which though to the eye of a casual observer, they present no theme for speculation, to the reflecting stu dent of mankind constitute texts of pregnant import and rich instruction. Bennett tells us that, ou a certain Sab bath he and the President attended church and, after two or three hits at the preacher, he describes the departure of the congrega tion at the close of the services. - "In a short time his Excellency (Mr. Van Buren made his apppearance; with a lady on his arm. ? Over his shoulders hung a very splendid blue Spanish Cloak ? and around bis face the same mingled expression of conceit and nothingness which envelope ambition made great by accident* On his appearance up drove a very splendid carriage, drawn by two beautiful horses," &c. "The carriage was the most superb thing I have yet seen. It was of a dark olive hue, with ornaments ele gantly disposed, shining as bright as burnish ed gold. When I was iu Paris, I saw Louis PhUippe frequently drive out to Neuilly, and back to the Tuilleries? >When I was in Lon don I saw the Queen as frequently drive from Buckingham Palace around Hyde Park" ? "yet I must say that the carriage and horses, the ordinary equipage of the chief Democrat of this land ofLoco-Foco equality, is far more superb and splendid, than that of either of the otber great and roy al personages. This is the picture of a Democrat ? Look now at that of an Aristocrat ! Bennett con tinues : -1 passed the Treasury buildings, turned down the Avenue, and again reached the hotel. As I turned round from the bar, I met a tall, plaau-looking man, past the me rediaa ofltfe, with a somewhat large mouth, a calm, yet keen, piercing, brilliant eye, and one ot those foneheads of such ample dimen sions as indicate the breadth of the soul within. Be went up to the bar, took a pinch of snuflf, nodded to one or two persons as ho passed. tod then walked quietly to the door.?That person is Henry vlay. He biu jjost. walked from church, and is cow walking to his !odgia$$ aeyou^r I would do without ? blue Spanish cloak; and gold carriage, blood horsss or livery servants. He is the most fearful and dangerous Aristocrat that this country ever produced. He walks on his own legs, and goes to cburoh as soon as the bell ceases ringing." * Whereupon, Bennett thus apostrophizes : uOh Virtue;" said the younger Brutus, "what a phantom art thou ?" ? "Oh Liber ty said th? Beautiful Madame Roland, "what deeds have been done in thy name ? ? -Oh Honor?" said fat Sir John Fallstaff, "what mere wind art thou!'! ? 440h Democracy?" say f,' "what a greater bubble art thou than Roman virtue, French liberty, or English honor!" Wec8rtainly do not mean to be under stood as condemning all who ride to church in splendid carriages, and Wear tine cloaks, as Aristocrats; but we think it a fair set-off oc casionally to show up to the people, partic ularly to the poorer classes, those who pre tend to so much sympathy for their hard ships, and who are always talking about En qual Privileges as well as Equal Rights ! ? As long as these men can obtain the votes of the hard-fisted laborers, they will of course deem themselves bound to extol and flatter the "dear people," and to denounce those Aristocrats who live in idleness and luxary upon the fruits of others' labors ! Yet, how seldom do their professions harmonize with their practice! We do not blame Mr. Van Buren for adopting a style of living in all respects befiting the dignity of his station; but we do object to the attempt to im pose on certain classes the belief that he is, in manners, as well as in name, the "chief Democrat of the country;" ? when, be his principles what they may, there is no ranker Aristocrat in practice. NEW YORK, Feb. 25. ARRIVAL OF THE LIVERPOOL. NINE DAYS LATER FROM ENG LAND. The steam packet Liverpool, Capt. Fayrer, arrived at 7 o'clock this morning, from Liv erpool. Capt. F. left Liverpool at half past 3 o'clock on the afternoon of the 6th ; con sequently she has made her passage in eigh teen and a half days. We have our regular files of London papers to the evening of the 5th of February, and Liverpool to the 6th, both inclusive. We are also indebted to Capt. Fayrer for files of the latest date. GREAT BRITAIN. We hasten to lay before our readers the royal speech at the opening of Parliament. As usual it affords little positive indication of of the course iotendrd to be puisued. and is in fact remarkable rather for the thing omit ted than of the things introduced. We refer to the subject of the corn-laws, some allu sion to which was confidently expected. We presume that by the omission we are to un derstand that Lord Melborue, the head of the cabinet, is opposed to any new legisla tion on the subject. Lord John Russell, it is said, will introduce a hill, proposing a fix ed duty ; and so th?re seems to be a prospect of that difference in the cabinet, of which we stated our anticipation, several week ago. The Royal William arrived out at Liver pool on the 3d of February. [ From the London Standard , of the evening of Feb. 5] The business of the second session of Par liament during the reign of her present Ma jesty was opened to-day by a speech from the throne. t The Queen arrived at the House of Lords about two o'clock, which was announced by the discharge of cannon. Shortly afterward her Majesty, attended by the great officers of state, entered the house, and took her seat on the throne. Tbe foreign ambassadors wore the full costumes of the countries they represented. Her Majesty having directed their lord ships to be sented. The Loid Chancellor directed the Usher of tbe Black Rod to summon the Commons to hear her Majesty's speech on the opening of Parliament. In a few minutes the Commons appeared at jbe bar, headed by the Speaker. The space, below the bar was crowded with mem bers. After silence had been obtained her Majesty in a clear and audible voice, read the following most gracious speech. THE QUEEN'S SPEECH. %4 My Lord's and Gentletnen , 44 1 rejoice to meet you again in parliament I am particularly desirous of recurring to your advice and assistance at a period when many matters of great importance demand your serious and deliberate attention. 44 1 continue to receive from foreign powers gratifying assurances of their desire to main tain with me the most friendly relations. 1 have concluded with the Emperor of Austria a treaty of Commerce, which I trust will extend and improve the intercourse be tween my subjects and those of tbe Empe ror. I have also concluded a treaty of the same kind with the Sultan, calculated to place the commercial relations between ray dominions and the Turkish empire upon a better and more secure footing. I have directed copies of the treaties to be laid before you. I have been engaged, in concert with Aus tria, France, Prussia and Russia, in negoci ations, with a view to a final settlement of tbe differences between Holland and Belgi um. A definitive treaty of peace, founded upon anterior arrangements which have been ac ceded to by both parties, has in consequence beea proposed to the Dutch and Belgian Governments. I have the satisfaction to inT form you that the Dutch Government has already signified 1 6 the Conference its ac ceptance of that treaty, and I trust that a J similar announcemet from the Belgian Gov ernment will put an end to that disquietude which the present unsettled state of these af i ffairs has necessarily produced. The unani mity of the five allied powers afford a satisfac tory security for the preservation of peace. I lament the continuance of the civil war in Spain, wh:cn engages my anxious and un diminished attention. Differences which have arisen have occa sioned the retirement of my minister from the Court of Teheran. I iudulge, however, the hope oflearning that a satisfactory adjust ment of these differences will allow of the re establishment of my relations with Persia upon their former tooting ot friendship. Events connected with the same differen ces have induced the Governor General of India to take measures for protecting British interests in that quarter of the world, and lo enter into engagements, the fulfilment of which may render military operation neces sary. For this purpose such preperations . have been made as may be sufficient to re sist aggression from any quarter, and to maintain the integrity of my eastern domm- 1 ions. The reform and amendment of the muni cipal Corporations of Ireland are essential to the invests of that part of our dominions. * It is also urgent that you should apply yoorselves to the prosecution and comple tion of those maxims whnh have been re commended by the ecclesiastical commission ers of England, for the purpose of increas ing the efficiency of the established church, and of confirming its hold upon the affections of the people. The better enforcement of the law and the more speedy and certain administration of justice, are of the first importance to the wel [ fare of this community, and I feel assured that you will be anxious to devote yourselves to the examination of the measures which will be submited to you for the purpose of attaining these beneficial results. Gentlemen of the House of Commons , I have directed the annual estimates to be prepared and laid before you. Adhering; to the principles of economy, which it is my desire to enforce in every de partment of the State, I feel it my duty to j recommend that adequate provision be made j for the exigencies of the public service. I j fully rely on yonr patriotism to maintain the j efficiency of those establishments which are essential to the strength and security of the country. My Lords and Gentlemen, It is with great satisfaction that T am ena bled to inform you that throughout the whole of my West Tndian possessi ns the period fixed by law for the final and complete emancipation of the negroes has been antici pated by acts of the colonial legislature, and that the transition from the temporary system of appre ticeship to entire freedom has taken place without any disturbance of public or der and tranquility. Any measures which may be necessary in order to give full effect to this great and beneficial change will, I have no doubt, receive your careful atten tion. I have to acquaint you, with deep concern, that the province of Lower Canada has again been distuibed by insurrection, and that hos tile incursions have been made into Upper Canada by certain lawless inhabitants of the United Slates of North Amer ca. These violations of the public peace have been promptly suppressed by the valor of my for ces, and the lovalty of my Canadian subjects. The President of the United States has cal led upon the citizens of the Union to abstain from proceedings incompatible with ^ the friendly relations which subsist between Great Britain and the Un ted States. I have directed full information upon all these matters to be laid before you, and I recommend the present state of these pro vinces to your serious consideration. ^ I rely upon you to support my first determination to maintain the authority of my crown, and I trust that your wisdom will adopt such measures as will secure to those parts of my empire the benefit of internal tranquility, and the full advantages of their own great nation al resources. I have observed with pain the persevering efforts which have been made in some parts ?of the country to excite my subjects to diso bedience and resistance to the law, and to recommend dangerous and illegal practices. For the counteraction of all such designs I depend upon the efficacy of the law, which it will be my duty to enforce, upon the good sense and right disposition of my people, up on their attachment to the principles of jus tice, and their abhorrence of violence and disorder. I confidently commit all these great inter ests to your wisdom, and I implore Almighty God to assist and prosper your counsels. The city of Bath was thrown into conster nation on the 25th of January, by the ti dings, which proved too true, that Mrs. Tug weli, the wife of th- senior partner in the Bath Bank, had killed herself and her two children, in a moment ofinsanity. She was but 31 years of age, amiable, accomplished, and universally beloved. The details are painfully interesting. On Thursday she came from her residence. No. 1 Whit-comb-crescent, with her hus band and children into Bath, where, after pro ceeding to make purchases at various shops, she was seen walking along the bank of thp canal, accompanied by her children as late as 3 o'clock in the afternoon; she then, it appears, returned home, and desiring the butler to give her a decanter of sherry, took her children into a small suul^^l' house in the garden saying she was going to give them a treat. Having proceeded there she mixed some prussic acid with the wine, which she administered to the whole of the three chil dren and then took some herself. Fortu nately the eldest bov 10 years of age did not like the taste of "the wine, and drank on ly a small portion, which, as he says caused him to sleep, and upon awaking he found his mother sitting apparently asleep, with his two brothers, who were twins of 8 years ot age, one lying at her feet and the other a cross het breast. Finding himself very ill, and having in vain tried to awaken them, he rushed to the door, which he found locked, but at length succeeded in alarming the house when the servants found their mistress and the children dead. No cause can be assigned for this melancholy act, but the lady must have been for some considerable time meditating upon it, as she had procured several bottles of prussic acid, and taken the precaution to destroy the labels; a portion of one of the labels remained, which from its dirty state, indicated that it had been sonte time in tne k?The Murderer of Lord Norbury had not yet been discovered. A number of persons had been arrested on suspicion, but they were all discharged. ! LIVERPOOL, FEB. 5.? The inquiry I Tor Cotton continues moderate and princi pally from the trade, who, from the depress ed state of the trade at Manchester, have no inducement to purchase beyond their im mediate wants and holders being firm and unwilling to submit to any decline, the mar ket is quiet at former prices. Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce. LIVERPOOL, FEB. 6 ?Our Cotton market is very heavy, and about I-8d per lb lower, than on the 29th ult. the date of our last circular per Great Western. The state of trade in the manufacturing districts is still discouraging, and the consumers con tinue to confine their purchases to the supply of their immediate wants, have taken since the first of the year only at the rate of about 14 500 bales per week. The decided ac counts of the great deficency in the crop of the U. S., the limited supplies into their ports at the last accounts, and the light import here continue to give firmness to holders pretty generally, so that there has beenno large quantity pressing on the war ket. MESSAGE FROM THE PREMDEIfT. To the Senafe of the United States: I lay before Congress several despatches from bis Excellency the Governor of Maioe, with enclosures, communicating certain pro ceedings of the Legislature of that State, and a copy of the reply of the Secretary of State, made by my direction, together with a no e from H. S. Fox, Esq. Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Great Britain, with the answer of the Secre ' State to the same: numerous bands of lawless and desperate men, chiefly from the adjoining British Pro vinces, but without the sanction of the Pro vincial Government, had trespassed upon that portion of the territory in dispute be tween the United States and Great Britain, which is watered by the river Aroostook, and claimed to belong to the State of Maine ; and that they had committed extensive de predations there by cutting and destroying a very large quantity of timber. It will further appear that the Governor of Maine, having been officially apprised of the circumstances, had communicated it to the Legislature, with a recommendation of such provisions, in ad dition to those already existing by law, as would enable him to arrest theconrse of said depradatious, disperse the trespassers and secure the timber which they were about carrying away ; that in compliance with a resolve of the Legislature, passed in pursu ance of his recommendation his Excellency had despatched. the land agent of the State, with a force deemed adequate to that purpose, to the scene of the alledged depredations, who after accomplishing a part of his duty was seized by a band of the trespassers, at a house claimed to be within the jurisdiction of Maine, whither he had repaired for the purpose of meeting and consulting with the land agent of the Province of New Bruns wick, and conveyed as a prisoner to F rede rickton in that Province, together with two other citizens of the State, who were assist ing him in the discharge ofhit^luty. It will also appear that the Governor and Legislature of Maine, satisfied that the tres passers had acted in defiance of the laws of both countries, learning that they were in possession ofarins, and anticipating (correct ly, as the result has proved) that persons of their reckless and desperate character would set at naught the authority of the magistrates, without the aid of a strong force, had author ized the sheriff, and the officer nppointed in the place of the land agent, to employ, at the expense of the State and artned posse,- who had proceeded to the scene of these depre dations, with a view to the entire dispersion or arrest of the trespassers and the proteciion of the public property. In the correspondence between the Gover nor of Maine and Sir John Harvey, Lieu tenant Governor of the Province of New Burnswick, which has grown out of these occurrences, and is likewise herewith com municated, the fonner is requested to recall the armed party advanced in the disputed territory fot the arrest of trespassers, and is informed that a strong body of British troops is to be held in readiness as to support and protect the authority and subjects of Great Britain in said territory. It) answer to that request the Provincial Governor is informed of the determination of the State of Maine to support 'he land agent and his party, in the performance cf their duty, and the same determination, for the execution of which provision is made by a resolution of the State Legislature is communicated by the Governor to the General Government. The Lieutenant Governor of New Bruns wick, in calling upon the Government ol Hhbne.Vor the recall of the laod agent and bis party from the disputed territory, and the British Minister in making a similar deiwand upon the Government of the United StateSr proceeciupon the assumption that an Hgifeen ment exists between the two na:ions con ceding to Great Britain, until the fiual settier ment of the boundary question, exclusive possession of, and jurisdiction over, the-ier-? ritory in dispute. The important hearing which such an agreement, if it existed, woo fd have upon that condition and interests ofthe parties, and the influence it might have upon the adjustment of the dispute, are too ob^rir ous to allow the error upon which this ai* sumption seems to rest to pass for a moment without correction. The answer of the Secretary of State to Mr. Fox's note, Will show the ground taken by the Government of the United States upon this poibt It is believed that all the correspondence which has passed between the two Goverumerfts upon this subject, has alieady been c iftifau nicated to Congess, and is now on their files. An Abstract of it, however, hastily prepared accompanies this communication. It is pos sible that in thus abridging a voluminous correspondence, commencing in 1825 and continuing to a very recent period, a portion may hate been accidentally overlooked, tifut it is believed that nothing has taken place which would materially change the aspect of the question as therein presented. Instead ofsustaining the assumption ofthe British functionaries' that correspondence disproves the existence of any such agree ment. It shows that the two Governments have differed not only in regard to the main question of title to the territory in dispute, but with reference also to the right of juris diction, anil the fact of the actual exercise of it in different portions thereof. Always aiming at an amicable adjustment of the dis pute. both parties have entertained and re peatedly urged upon each other a desire, that each should exercise its rights, whatever it considered them to be, in such a manner as to avoid collision, and allay, to the greatest practicable extent, the exchement likely to grow out of the controversy. It was in pur suance of such an understanding that Maine and Massachusetts, upon the remonstrance of G. ^Britain, desisted from making sales of lands, and the General Government from the construction of a projected military road iu <. portion ofthe territory of which they claim ed to have enjoyed the exclusive possession ; and that Great Britain, on her part, in defer ence to a similar remonstrance from the U. Slates, suspended the issue of licenses to cot timber in the territory in controversy, arid also the survey and location of a rail road through a section of country over which she also claimed to have exercised exclusive ju risdiction. The State of Maine had a right to arrest the depredations complained of; it belonged to her to judge of the exigency of the occa sion calling for her interference, aod it* ia presumed that had the Lieutenant Gover nor of New Brunswick been correctly advised of the nature of the proceedings of the State of Maine, he would not have regarded the transactions as requiring, on his part, arfy resort to force. Each party claiming a right to the territory, and hence to'the exclusive jurisdiction over it. it is manifest that* to prevent the destruction of the timber by trespassers, acting against the authority of i both, aod at the same time avoid forcible appear from those documents that collision between the contiguous Govern-* ments during the pendency of negotiations concerning tne title, resort must be had to the rautaal exercise of jurisdiction in such ex treme cases, or to an -unicable and tempora ry arrangement as to the limits within which it should be exercised by each party. The understanding supposed to exist between the United States and Great Britain has been found heretofore sufficient for that purpose, and I believe will prove so hereafter, if the parties on the frontier, directly interested in the qnestioo, are respectively governed by a just spirit of conciliation and forbearance. If it shall be found, as there is now reason to apprehend, that there is, io the modes of construing that understanding by the two Governments, a difference not to be recon ciled, I shall not hesitate to propose to her Britannic Majesry's Government a distinct arrangement for tbe temporary (and mutual exercise of jurisdiction, by means of which similar difficulties may io future be prevent ed. But between aneffott on the part of Maine to preserve the property in dispute from dee-, iruction by intruders, and a military occupa~ tion by that State of the territoiy, with a view to hold it by force, while the setttanent is 9 subject negotiation between the two Govern" ments, there is an essential difference, aw well in respect to the position ofithe Stater as to the duties of the General Governments In a letter addressed by tne Secretary of State to tbe Governor of Maine, on the 1st of Marc last, giving a detailed statement of the steps which had been taken by the Fed eral Government to bring %the controversy to a termination, and designed to .apprise the Governor of the views of the Federal Execu tive, in respect to the future- it was stated, that while * th^ obligations of the Federal Government to do ail in its power to effect the settlement of the boundary question were fully recognized, it had, in the event of bfe ing unable to do so specifically, by mutual consent no other oieana to accomplish that object amicably, than by another arbitration, or by a commission with an umpire in the nature of an arbitration; and tfaAt in the event of all other measures failing, jhe Pre sident would feel it bis duty to submit ano ther proposition to the Government of Great Britain, to refer the decistoo of the question to a third power. These are still my views npon the subject, and nntil this step shall have been taken* I cannot think it proper to invoke the attention of Congress to other than amicable meads for tbe settlement,^ the controversy, or to cause the military power of the Federal Government to be brought in aid of the State of Maine, in any attempt to effect that object by a resort to force. ' On the other hand, if tbe authorities of New Brnnswick should attempt to enforce the c'aim of exclusive jurisdiction set np by them, by means of a military occupstioo on their part of the disputed territory, I shall feel myself bouod to C9nsider tbe contingen cy provided by tl.e Constitution as having occurred, on the happening of which a State has the right to ral for the aid of the Feder* al Government to repel invasion. ; ? ' 4v" I have expresred to the British Minister near this Government a confident 'ex pectation that the agents of jhe State of Maine who have been at rested under .sn ob vious misapprehension of the object of their mission will be promptly released; and to. the Governor of Maine that a similar coutse will be pursued in regard to the agents of the Provioce of New Brunswick. I have also recommended that any militia thai: .any have been brought together by the State of Maine, from an apprehension of* collision with the Government or*people of the British Province, will be Voluntarily and peaceably disbanded. I cannot allow myself to doubt that die results anticipated from these representations will be seasonably realised. The parties more immediately interested cannot but per ceive that ao appeal to arms, under existing circumstances, will not only prove fatal to , their present interests, but woulfi poftpone, if not defeat, the attainment of ihe main ob jects which they have ftt viesif. The veit incidents which have recently eccifarecl will'' necessarily awaken the Governrosipis-to tbe iraporunceof promptly adjusting sdis$iite?hy which it is now made manifest 'that the peace of the two nation* is daily and imminently endangered. This expectation;' is! further ? warranted by the general forbearance Which has hitHorto characterized the conduct of the Government and people oo l oth siderof tbe line. In the uniform patriotism of Msine, her attachment of the Union, her respect for the wishes of the people of her sister States* of 'whose interest in her welfare ghe cannot be unconscious, and. in the solicitude felt tfy tbe couutry at large for the preservation of peace with our neighbors, we have a strong guarantee that she will not disregard the r^ quest that hafc been madfe of her. y As however, the. session of Coflgvefetis about to terminate, and the agency of the Executive may become necessary during the recess, it is important that the attention of the Legislature should be drawn: to tbe con sideration of such measures as may be enl^i culated to obviate the Dcccssity ^ of a call for a u extra session. With that view* I have thought it my duty to lay the whole matter before yon, and to invite such^ction thereon as you may think the occasion requires. M.VANBUltEN; Washington, 26th February, 1839. Washington, Feb. 27, 1839.' > To the House of Representatives of ike United Slates: I transmit to Congress copies of various, other documents received ffrom the Governor of Maine, relating to tbe dispute between that State and the province of New Bruns* wick, which formed tbe subjeet of my Me*u sage on the 29th inst. and alg> a copy of ? memorandum signed by the Secietary o(* State of the Uoited States and her Britsnnife Majesry's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near the United State#,' of" the terms upon which it is beliSved aU colli sion can be avoided oo the frontiers consis tently with, and respecting the claims, on ei* therside. As theJSruiah Minister acts witht out specific authority from his Government* it will be observed that this memorandum has. but the force of* recommendation on the provincial authorities and on the government of the State, M. VAN BUREN. MEMORANDUM. Her Majesty's authorises consider it to have been understood and agreed upon by the two Governments that the territory in dispute between Great Britain and the United States, on the Northeastern front-era, should ..remain exclusively under British jurisdic tion until the final settlement the bounda ry question. " The United States Government havens understood the above agreement io the ssn}