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fa*t gK.mfiertiig of {fitters in Greece and 'fbe object of.eiucatiori (said Mr. R.) is^ iw>-foid, kilo vt&ige aad ability 5 are im;**fW3t? hut a b ?tty by far :he most so. It;n> vleTge is far important a s itisimbsidla iy iothe acquiring of ability \ aitd no further; u a source of meatal pkas&re to the makes itself to it bsabtkty that, wields the ?&n heart and the hu Now it sa great mistake J*aewtedge imparts ability of It date indeed import ability of a 8 bjipexercisrag the attention I - ~-^JP ^ ?t improves the capacity for acrf^icHigT toto the capacity to acq aire is ti>r aMlity -to orishnte-aad prod ace. No; ability c to only He given by the appropriate strife*. accompanie I with the appropriate ?directed by ascertain rale, and Jteadtrctmg infallibly to a certain result. via jiH the celebrated schools of Athens, this wis th^ plan of education^ and there the aajceauous youth blessed with faculties promise never foiled lo attain the eminence ^^Mfepersererance failed, elects of these schools ; of great men which the departments of ?te*?t? vidtnrili^ ng perfection writer, fit* or as *ft$ie. works prod need ascribes the Pro ^Iwatan na . the species ascend. J?p*^&eee was nothing of ' ?*- >oean? ??$lte adequate to b no wfonder at all that such Fve to Athens her Thucydides in v T_jrPfcuo in ethics *, her Sophocies to her drama, and her Demosthenes to her forum aad her popular assemblies; and gave to her besides, that host of -rivals to these mii aknbet their equals. It was the natural issaty effect of such a system of edn wilf? j r aod especially with a, people who Mi as the Athenians did, alt other human as cheap in comparison with of letters and. the. arts* |||^& ^ ~ ~ ""iant 1 glotry waslmt of short da ask had attained its- meri> *|t was snddeely arrested, for the and laid the proud freedom of iPyjjftid the Athenians were .whom the love of glory coak! the loss of freedom. For free r breast at which that love was was the element in which it ^its being ; freedom ^ave to it jre its most spiendid triumphs ThjP r from its r? to ephemeral works born sg? rto die; and so remained ?-JWpat it down, and v _ ? :tke Romas Empire. Athens now Iras \ restored again ? >fs which had been had existed thing of their or Which Some 'x again her former _ it; and jftMBe the Roman elo W?r!?k- ?%*& ? . serum Victorcm cepzt, et arte* ? ^-^7r, ^ ioproot oy tue?r exam ^e* frtLiq ^ct ^ve ^ Qa afl eloquence I mention these things (said Mr. R.) to show what encouragement we have to this enter prise -fc-whet Srefl grounded hope of suc cess; We have only to tread the path that Jed the Athenian to his glory, and to open tbatpath to the youtij of our country. All tSHfifciMing influences of freedom exist " Estill greater fazce than they existed SWBSI^^Afted5 a^?^Qte ^ere? .Heither is the gift of ge thefegleams of this: pm are seen to bgafk oat here; and j ? fper et sublimits daitjt tlis is*a all the forms "net more daring in his flights. And follf ItheGreek, is not now so strong with Wgit is because the want of the means, the j n ?*?-- ns-for its pur of its attainment. The t and k was the certamty^ef era n ce and by their guide sustained his passion and wmm y.-^? ^ ha tit is, asl.have said Vis codsili expert, andstruggles in Vain be ^ ^ '"*?* " k ?? hiindiyfer the fadSett this Athenian mode of ed this instance?let it . ?es sf Eminent sacr t ess, as i .Wev ae do a bt it speedily would, " ^would rushto the path that success ; and members now of ^yet young enough to live to . r arising in our land-? another if ^tcrature oo less splendid than gone before it ? not excepting fcvea the Athema?i - " r " V i I kfl^w it has been supposed that the A thenians had, something ^>eenlkur ia their ge 4rus? which gave to them their unparalleled 'sCfcoess. But we Uafe seen that when, with ^tkeWss of freedo;nr, they lost their love of Vrterity tfarp tte* fell hack to the ordinary level of narjkind; and were not at all distiu ig^she-i for literary iaerif from the mass of Datwas,: Sb-it was not nature, but the means adopted to assist and . improve nature, that to them their pre-emineace ; and ^therr success was bat in exact proportion to the perfeetion and.use of those means. - I. could wisji Kail were agreed in it, that this Institution should make one of a number of college^to constitute a untversity to be es taVhsiiAd here, aad tp be widowed in a mau of this great nation and their im taense resources. This ofiject, recommend ^ -ed by Washington in one of his early- com suuuic^tioas to Congress, has n?V as it ap 3P**rs to me, recewei tiie attention it merits, vj? or siichaa establishment, formed and con ducted as it migjij^he, would be attended " "with great ant^giorrons results to this coun ^try?^?ot only by i?*iirect opeiation in eleva Nftng,t?^ataM'ia?fc oi e lncauea-: but by forrn ?4g a restetfjjjPg^ a^iocal hea4 to all the Earning ?f^mej^^itrY---sach as the most learneS aafiS^nDHburope have, and from i -vrhich .th^ ^prtre "=the greatest advantages. But asopiaion^are divideatipon this subject, ?Ot, f skonld hope, as to the" great desrrea ^teness of such an establishment? hut as to the con^titatioaal competency of Congress t? aadertake it, f will aot smbarrass my prt sent object bv involving ft wfth that subject. This, as an independent Institution, mayhere after be made 3 part of such a university, should one be established; but it is now to be looked at only as an independent Institution. Still I should hope thatthe liberality of Con gress would so far concur with the generosi ty of this foreign benefactor as to give full effect to his beneficient purpose; and would not only give the grounds convenient for the accomodation and location of the buildings, but would also make an appropriation of mo ney therefor sufficient to cover the cost of their erection; leaving the whole amounL.of the legacy as a fund, the proceeds of which^ to be applied to the accumulatiofTof books and aparatus? and to the support of the in-, struction and government of the Institution ; otherwise the whole thing, I fear, will prove a failure by the expense of the outfits; at least when compared to the results which it Height be made to produce. F.or though the sala ries of instruction should not be overlarge, yet they should be so liberal as to command the services of the ablest instructors in every department embraced by the plan of educa tion. This is not the occasHfeikfor a detail in fall of the plan of education which I should wish to see adopted; I will, however, beg leave to give its outline ; premising that my object would he to give both learning and abHity, but ability as the primary object. A bility, as Ijiave stated, can only be given, as I am fully persuaded, by appropriate exer cises directed a certain rule,; that is by principles of the art, whatever that art may be." So that exercrifes would be the Alpha and Omega.of my system. The studies should be combiner of Science and literature with its appropriate arts. As to science, they should be restricted to science properly so called ? to pure original science? with some of the practical branches thereof not necessa ry now to be indicated ; excluding professory learning altogether. As to literature, the studies should be given to select models of a perfect Hteratufe, and to all those arts by which that perfect literature has been pro duced and may be reproduced, accompanied by all those exercises regularly and ardently pursued, by which power and skill is given in those arts./ The preliminary studies to qualify for actmissiou should also be pro scribed. I would have a model school for this preparation annexed to this Institution ani made a part of the establishment. Such an Institution, conducted by great masters, as I should hope the instructors *? be? and without such indeed nothing great in education can ae^omplishedv whatev er the system may^hei^but, conducted by great masters, would make^fee iHustrious stranger the founder of the Institution, as I think, one of the greatest of benefactors to our country aitd^to mankind, and to be wor shipped almost here, at least, as the patron saint of education, v . t: ? ~ Mr. PRESTON rose and saidr Unques tionably the subject to which my venerable friend, tfce honorable Senator from Rhode &1and, has called the attention of the Senate, is one of great importance, demanding the grave consideration of Congress. The Smith sonian legacy hasput the government in po session of half a ~ rmllion of doHars, which by the acceptance of he trust, -imposes up on us the dmy of administering this. fund in the most appropriate way, to accomplish the broad beneficience " of the diffusion of lea n ing amongst men." As it is in the order of Providence, that as the mind is enlarged our mora) nature is also exalted, there can be no trpticirigg^gBBfgagcgrpT mrs prasans ? to us. I earnestly hope that our efforts to discharge the trast assumed may be wisely directed and crowned with success. -And surely, Mr. President, the establishment of the Smithsonian. Institute could not com mence under more favorable auspices than to have attracted the care of the honorable Senator^ who in every way is so eminently qualified to take charge of whatever concerns the interests of learning or of charity. No one has more experienced in his own heart, or mere exemplified in his own character, the benign influences of education, than the hon orable gentleman; and no one, therefore, iu this body, . was so fit to have submitted the resolution before you or to cast the founda tions of an institution, whoste duration we may hope, will be# a proportion to its en larged objects; I atn sure I but speak the sentiments of ail the Senators, when I offer him my earnest thinks for the lead Ve takes in this matter. Nfcr can I forbear, also, Mr. President, to rhaok him for introducing, up on this most fit occasion, those elegant and elevated topics, which carry us for a mo ment into regions of calm and serene air, 'above the sraoke.and din of our accustomed and more strenuous efforts on this floor. It is pleasant to repose, though but for an in stant*.upon the. green spot he has presented to us. v- ' _ .. .? . \ ^#^eJoice, Mr/ President, (continued Mr., P.) that it has so happened that this sub ject demands oar attention at this session.? After a long term of useful and honorable public service, my honorable friend is now about to terminate his co- operation with us on this floor. "' It is his last session. ^ It is a fortunate, as it is a most just and fit ter mination of his official productions, that he at once fiuishesand perfects them by inscribing his name, where it willbe most appropriately placed, upoh an insiituaou for the promo tion of knowledge- I. hope, Mr. President, that we shall at' once proceed to an earnest attention orihis resoGtion, and to carry into, effect the injections of the testator, with a liberality controlled only by our constitution al restrictions. ;T" The resolution was then agreed to. (C orrespoiutrjice of the Southern Patriot.) Washington, Jan. 21. SENATE: " ' A communication was received from the* Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to a resolution of the Senate, transmitting a re port x>f the number of Kind offices in-the United States. ; V&' - - A g^reat number ofctbolition petitions were presented and laid on the table. ' Mr. Tallmadge, agreeably to. notice, intro duced the following.joint resolution: Resolved , by the Senate and House of Representatives of-the U. S. in Cougress as sembled, two-thirds of both Houses deeming it uecessary, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the U. States, all and each of which articles,' wheu ratified by three-fo*irthsofthesaid Leg islatures, to be considered to all intents and purposes, as part of said Constitution, viz : 1st. That the President of th^U. States shall hold his office but for one term of four years, and shall be ineligible thereafter. , 2d. That the Secretary of the Treasury shall bp appointed by Congress, in such mau ner, and for such term as shall be provided by Jaw. Id. That the Treasurer shall b? appokited - by Congress, in such* manner and for such; terra as' shall 6e provided by law. 4th. That the Postmaster-General shall be appointed h?/Copgress, in such manner and for such tefm asshall be provided by law. 5th. Tbsitutto member of Congress shall be appointed to any office, under the United States, until the expiration of two yeareafter he shall have ceased to be a member. The Bill for the construction of the.Cum berland Road, .through iHinots, Ohio /and In diana, was read atitifrd time and sent to the House for conctirEttMau I ' ' ' ? Correspondence of the Courier. - WASHINGTON, , Jan. 23. In the. Senate, to4ay, IVIr. Norvell *:> troduced a bill, granting lands for the use of colleges in the U. States. The bill was not read. It may be a soft of sop cast to the old States, and intended to moderate their opposition to the new land projects. / Mr. Tallmadge brought forward a new financial project of great importance, in the shape of a set of resolutions, as follows : Resolved , That a number of soupd specie paying banks ought to be SeleiflH, under suitable regulations, for safely keeping4h? public money. v ~ -: Resolved, That payment ef public money ought to be made in gold and silver, or iti notes of sound specie paying banks, under "suitable regulations, to be prescribed by4av. Resolved , That the selected banks, in c*n- | sideratiou of such deposites, ought to per form without charge, the same duties to t&e, government. in transferring the public funds and distributing the same in payment of the public creditors, as were performed by the late Bank of the UnitediStates. The resolutions were ordered to be prin ted* ?" ^ ? The bill to abolish imprisonment for debt, in certain cases, and the bill to suppress duelling in the District of Columbia, were read a third time and passed. - The Senate, at an early hour, went into Executive session. The House had, to-day, another battle upon the graduation bill. Mr. PetrikEn moved that the vote by which the bill was laid on the^ble, be reconsidered? and *Mr. C. moved to lay this mo tion on thcMable, which was rejected? yeas 96, oays 102. The motion to reconsider was lost, by the very close vote, 9$ to 99. If the House had ever gone into this sub ject, it would have lasted the next six weeks, just as the investigation question occupied the last seven weeks. Whenever this subject, which is of so much sectionaHnterset, shall come before the House, every member must be heard upon it. Another mffectual attempt was made to day to go into Committee of the Whole on the Stale of the Union, in order to take up the President's message. The Hons^is afraid that the debate on the mesSa?re will he con tinued, as itj>robably would be, should they get into Committee* ** . Mr. Bronson, from\the , Committee on Territories, reported a bill to authorize the people of Iowa to form, a Constitution and a State Government. So, we have three new .States knocking at our door. Florida, it is 'true, -yet wants the requisite number of in habitants, but Cot Benton's occupation bill will soon give them to her. The House adjourned early, being with out a quorum. We have no news here, out of Congress: There was a ruiribr tint a Min "Out iriwi uHfl.away. - ? WASHINGTON, Jan. 24. In the Senate, to-day, Mr. Benton brought forward his bill for the abolition of the duty on Salt, and the fishing bounties, and made a long speech in favor of the mea sure, relying very much^fbr his facts and views^upon certain document^, communicated some years ago to the British House ofCom mons. Tbeduty/tbpugh small, thrdws the im ported S^It/intb the hands of monopolists, ac cording to Mr. Beaton's idea, and greatly en hances iis price. Mr. Davis; who repre sents the Salt-making and Fishing country, stated that be. should replyjto Mr. Benton's views, when the. subject was next taken up. Mr. Wright gave notice that -he should to morrow call up the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, in relation to the sale and payment of the U. S. Bank bonds when he will reply to the remarks of Mr. Rives, and Mr- Rives is expected to reply. _ There is nothing of much interest now be fore Congress. We are all awaiting the return of the Investigating Committee, for that is the chief business of this session. In the. House| Mr. Cambrklkng made a report on the state of the Treasury. As was expected, he cries out for retrenchment and encpnomy, as well he may, forwitbout them, the Exchequer will be soon very Itfw. He says, if Congress pass the ?Harbor anJ Forti fication bills, as reported, we must get five or six millions from, some source or other td meet the exi^ebditure? we shall fall short by that srrnount. There will, therefore, as you may suppose, be a hot battle when the ap pro priotion bills come up for discussion. The House went into Committee of the .Whole on the State of tbe Union (Mr. A?* Ams mtife Chair,) and took up the Presi dent's MeSsage. Mr. Everett, of Vermont, took floor, and spoke some hours againif thatpart of the message which relates to Indian affairs. Mr. Everett went intoa review of our Indian policy, to Which he has always been hostile. Mr. Mason of Ohio, also passed some strictures upon other parts of the message. Mr. Crary of Michigan, opposed the view9 taken sometime ago by Mr.' Bell, on the general todrci of the mes sage, and supported the general policy of the Administration. Before Mr C. concluded, the Committe rose, and he will probably re sume his speech to morrow. Fronf lhe National Intelligencer. Our readers will perceive that the House of Representatives were yesterday again enga ged in considering the propriety of referring theseveraltopics of the President's Message, made to Congress at the opening of the ses sion, to the appropriate committees. Real ly, it is high time, if it were to be done at all." If. it would not be deemed intrusive in j us, mere lookers-on, to makethe suggestion, we would submit the propriety of referring both the President's annual Messages at the same time. * For the fact may have been, over looked that the annual Message of the last ?year has not yet been refeited. After deba ting, the matter fot sometime, it was finally dropped, and, although the session was seven months long , the Message of the President was permitted to sleep on the table to>the end of the session, unhonored by the never before-departed-from custom ol having its recommendations referred to the appropriate committees. The Message of the present session has been near sharing the same fate. The King's name" .(alas !J is no longer " a lower of strength/" %3WVB DAYS LATER from ENGLAND. NEW-YORK, Jao. 23. At the moment we were ready for the press, we received our English papers, by the packet ship England, Capt. Waite. We are indebted to the kind attention of this gentleman for London papers to the 19th De cember, and Liverpool to the 20th, both in clusive; our regular files from our attentive correspondent also received. We find in the London Times of Decem ber 19, the following letter from the Presi dent to Lord Durham. Washington, Oct. 26. My Lord? rfaving been informed that it is your attention to pass through a portion of the United States on your return to En gland, I embrace the occasion to express to your Lordship the greatest satisfactio I should experience ifyour arrangements allow ed of your visit being extended to this city. The ftiendJv sentiments entertained bj my fellow-citizens towards yourself, and also to wards tlje people of your country, will, I donbt not, prompt a sincere desire on rheir part to render your sojourn among them a greeable to yourself, as I am sure it will be gratifying to them. For my own part, I will esteeu^, myself happy if by your presence here FfchaJI be afforded the opportunity of manifesting to your Lordship personally the sincerity with which I share in those senti ments. I ana, with very, distinguished con sideration, your Lordship's most- obedient servant. M. VAN BUREN. His excellency the Earl of Durham, Sec. LORD DURHAM. Lord Durham had refused to accept the address of the Westminster Reform Associ ation? opt on ae'equnt of any thing in the address iuelf, but of the proqeedings of the meeting. > . V One of the Loudon Sunday papers, known, or at least believed to be the unofficial organ of Lord-rPalmerston, says it is "enabled to declare that the Emperor of Russia has re cently given to our Government ihe most frank assurauces of his pacific feeling to wards this country, and the most positive denial of his having had recourse to any measures, either open or secret, tending to the injury of British interests in any quartet whatsoever." The -Times growls fiercely at this taking away of its favorite bone, and pretends , to consider the Emperot's assurances only as specious attempts on British credulity. Advices from New- York to the 27th of Nov. had been received by the Roscius. The Steam ship Liverpool had not arrived out on the 20th ult. ' :0 The Cambridge arrived at Liverpool on the 19th, and the new ship Roscius on the 15th of December. The London Observer says that the ac counts recently published respecting the de cision of the London Conference on the Hollando . Qelgic question, are altogether without foundation. That the Conference has not come to any conclQsion whatever. - The London pnpers are more severe on Mr. Cooper's 44 Home as Found," than those of his own country. Liverpool, Mondat. ? Arrival of thirty - five Prisoners from Canada. ? This morning in consequence of information having been received that Capt. Ross had arrived with prisoners from Quebec, a great number of rvanioxtg Jivprp ^ ryj.f frg Bootle Bay, and a Steamer was sent out to bring back the convicts, who had arrived about 4 o'clock, and were immediately con veyed to the Liverpool Borough Jail. A desperate attempt was made to mutiny du ring the passage home, but it was happily frustrated by the determination ofCapt. Mor ton, who placed the whole of the prisoners in heavy irons. [From the Liverpool papers, of Dec. 20.] State of Trade at Manchester . ? The near approach of Christmas, and the uncertainty of the Cotton market, have this week opera ted to prevent any active demand for yarn which-^remains nominally at last week's priceSf^ut- transactions are exceedingly lim ited. ;Tri manufactured goods there is - not much change, except that 7-8th calicoes are 'iiot quite so brisk as for some weeks past, the demand running more upon 9-8th cloth. [Manchester Guardian. In Convent garden market, on the 18th of Dec. there was exhibited a ^ourd grown in the garden of Alderman Hall, of New York, nearly nine feet in circumstance, and weigh ing 126 lbs. v *? ' 'The "Royal William" left the pier at the foot of Pike streethetween 11 and 12 o'clock this morning, carrying out 28 passengers but no freight. < # Several government officers and U. S. Mar shals were stationed at the dock to see that no sub- treasurers ran away in the " Royal Wil liam/? They were supplied with blank war rants. ? N. Y. Herald. ' ;*>?. The Superinlendant of PUBLIC WORKS f WILL attend at the House of Mr. JOEL R. GREEN, near Vance's Ferry, on the 20th of February, to leceive proposals tor constructing a passage through the Santee Swamp, under the fol lowing Resolution of the Legislature? ? " That the Superintendant be authorised to con tract for the making of a causeway from the North east bank of the Swamp to Pine Island ; the em bankment to be made thirteen feet high, allowing for a surface width of road eighteen feet; side slopes at the rate of one foot and a half in width to one foot in height, with intervals in the embankment suffi cient to vent the water, at places the most conven ient, and bridges over the intervals; A timbered way of eight feet in the middle of the road, and hand railing the whole way; and that the Superin tendent be nlso authorised to contract for the digging a canal feom the western side of Pine Island to a con venient Iandin? place near the bank of the river, of sufficient breadth and depth to permit the passage of flats from the Island when the water in the swamp on that part of the road, may be below the surface of the swamp. The canal to be parallel to the pre sent rtoad, and which is to be repaired on the present construction of it." The extent of bridging will be one-third thewhole distance, to be distributed thro' the swamp et the lowest points. The work will be let in three divi sions of labour, viz : the embankments and bridg ing in ihe new work, and the canal and repairing the old road. -Particular specifications will be ready for examina tion at tlie time and place. R. G. MILLS, ? Sup. Pub. Works. Columbia, Jan. 28, 1839, 5 3t - The Mercury and Patriot will publish the above till the 15th February. Bank or Georgetown, S. ?. JANUARY 1st, 1839. THE DIRECTORS having declared a Dividend of Seventy-Five Cents per Share on the Cap ital Stock of this Institution for the past six months, the same will fee paid -en or after ro uay at the Bank, or by Messrs. John Fraser & Co in Charleston. Y J. CHAPMAN, Cashier. F* b 2, - h 4t M & Jobs BTort-r^- \ \ . Permit a subscriber through your columns ! to congratulate the citi^M?of the treat they may probably anticipate the course of this oobtb or the Mr. Buckingham's Lbctotces ow- &l#tj and Palestine, which hare been listened to with so much pleasure by thousands in the different cities of the Union. Mr. Buck ingham, it is known, has been highly dis tinguished as a member of the British Par- J liament, and has done and suffered much in defence of the principles of Free Trade. I extract some notices of his public life from the Livcipool Journal. ? l*y his eloquence, energy, perseverance, ana tact, Mr. Buckingham has elevated himr self to that situation which Blackstone and De Lolnie agree in estimating as 4 one of| the most honourable that an Englishman can attain.' By the exercise of the same qualities he has beaten the East India Com- I pauy ; his private wrongs from th^at sover-j eign body have wrought . for themselves a retribution, which, for its magnitude, has no parallel. He was sent from India by the iron hand of power ? he wasjcruihed by the iron foot of despotisn^r- hi^honj&sand. fortunes wetp alike ruined ? and;Ssfar as appearances went, the East India Company had got rid of an opponent whose pen was troublesome. But the merchant-princes of Incha miscal culated : 44 there is a vitality in our despair," says Lord Byron, and it. JM^y have been this that kept Mr. Buckingham from sinking. By, his pen and by his speeches he roused and opposition to the absolution in the East, which has virtually overthrown that 41 Pagod thing of iron sway, With front of brass and feet of cloy!!* * Mr. Buckingham, it is true, ha? not ob tained reparation for his ovm wrongs ;;and they are heavy ; but he has beaten and ba?.j fled his oppressors. ^Little did they think, when, in the plenitude of their power, they peremptorily sent him from india, that they literally, were 44 sending him forth to con quer." " fv n ? ' As a traveller, an author, a public speak ei^ff men have had more labor? have, seen rSore ? have written mpre on wlutthetsawc He was born at Flashing, ' (S^retirea^spot within the harbnr of Falmouth* in Cornwall,^ on the 25th of* August, 1786.>>^^Je^year 1795, being nine years old, he i^ent^to sea?* from,F a! mouth, in a king's pacBet, tie ifkidy Harriett , Captain Dillon. - HTsfiq^t jna rftlme^ experiment was botjjt ry^Co 1796, before he reached hiii_ tenth ^ea*^ he' was captured by /a vlafge - Fiej^eh Corvette; the Mars, antf talfen into.; Cofunnaj^^/e* he passed several^omfi^jpJ prisOl^ a^^ fore he had completed lii^eleven^ year, he marched as a' prisoner of war, with tfre rest of the officers and. "crew of* the Lady 'Har~T riett , from Corunnato Lisbon* It has been remarked ^thait the enthusiasm^ of those who fling ihera&fii v es ^ ^ ritiine profession jS ra tely da mj gers or defeated by^difficulties ingham made" no ^x^eptloii f rule. He continued iDl'ihft-s&Vic^ . the early age of 21, had obt&meS mand of a trader. In'this'capachfV h~ yat once master and merchaJft/J^bndL.^^ the commerce as well *as - tno^ navigatio the voyage,) and thus performed several. ages to the West Indies, North andSou JVf ? more recently, itfthe Parliamentary Rtt/U. wt'. there are very interesting accounts'of ilifc> principal voyages from and to the Mediter ranean. ; In 1813, after having held his command for six years, Mr. Buckingham resigned it, leaving London with the intention of settling at M'al-* ta as a general merchant. At the lime, from various circumstances, Malta was a most eli-" gible place for such a speculation, and Mr. Buckingham's commercial and maritime ?Xr perience, together with the advantage of his speaking familarly the various languages in* use at Malta, rendered it almost a certainty^ that he would succeed. But, on arrmng-off La Valetta, it; was found that the -plague, after an absence of a century, raged there so violently, as to make it a matter of sanitary, police that there should be no persona! ^m munication with the island ; the cargoes wSte accordingly landed in magazines near the sea; the vessels went on to other ports, and Buckingham proceeded to Smyrna. The plague continued so long at Malta,' that he was a considerable loser thereby. At this period, Mohammed Ali, the enter prising Pacha of Egypt, was beginning to see the advantages which might accrue from the skill and capital of. settlers. To Mr. Buck i ogham he paid considerable attention, and I cffiSrwel! imagine that he must have been glad of the opportunity of extending his know ledge of other countri^and their commerce, by conversing with oue whose whole life had been cast in situations where that knowledge could be acquired, almost intuitively. Of this, he did so avail himself. Mr. Buckingham, says, "We often sat together until near ti^ dawn of the following morning ; and I at length succeeded in having transcribed, upon ^du plicate set of A rro wsmith/S charts, traced by. -my own hands Tor the purpose, all the infor mation ef importance, written io the ; Arabic language and character.'V^Oneof Mr. Buck ingh ara's propositions, whteh tbe war with the Wahabees prevecied the Pachas accomplish ing, was the re-opening oftfre ^ncie^t canal which formerly connected the Ked Sea with the Mediterranean,? an undertaking which, sooner or later, will be achieved. 7 From Alexandria, Mr, Btascerided the Nile into Nubiay-freyond the^Caiaracts ; . returning through the desert, (whicji adjoins -the'-jfed Sea,) -he descended the ^Oe to Cairo visited a part of Lower .Kgjrpt and the Delta, in ^he garb, speaking the language, and adopting the manners of an Egyptain. * On his return, the English merchants, resident in Egypt, engag ed him to undertake, on their account, a ?oj* age to India by the Red Sea; "first, to surveys its hydrography, till that period most inaccu rately known, and tEus to judge oFihe.fjracti-; cability of its coasting navigation bjr?English ships; and, next, to ascertain hi* far the merchants; of India?but those of Bombay more especially ? might feel disposed to renew the commercial entercourse which formerly existed between India and Egypt, foi thesup ply of all the higher parts of the "Mediterra nean." A caravan of pilgrims was leaving Cairo for Mecca, and with them M|. Buckingham crossed the Isthmus of Suea*ana finally reached India, after ' many difficulties, by way of Mocha. Arrived there, **Othello s occupation was cleariy. gone;^ for^hPL bay merchants %ec?. not williugjp 2ominerce with ^gypt, except under^cturi ties which, says Mr. B., "* was hardly pro bable they could obtain, and 1 cdtist^ered^OJy mission at and end." ^ - 7 y&h,, la about a week after he ~spt h$i Bombay, he was appointed to ths coi of a fine new frigate, just launched for thn Imauin of Muscat, (an,, independent Arab priDce,) who had commissioned her for a voy ag?tO<?wt*. He was engaged in rigging and out, when, in May, 1815, the Bom ^ ~ gotern??t called on him tfeMgiresecnri ? to proceed to England, in each ship, and at sueh time, as might be appointed by (the Indian) government, it being , understood"-? what ??fhatMr. B. was a robber, a pirate, an ince u d iary T No f? " it being understood that he had no license' or authority to remain in India!" All explanation ? all entreaty was in rain. The Directors in England had issued peremptory orders for the instant-banishment of every one, however useful or." his pursuits, who came to Ii license. An American, or any might visit India, or reside there/ without cense from E ngland, Jalrti Wfro m the govern ment, but a Bf&uk subject could not / Tj^us taid SuspfitVuNepeaUvthe governor of Bom hay, and he wpU to j^8 chief secretary that he should bj.no means be so try to see Mr. B. return with the Company'sjicease, be lieving, mI do, that he would be of 04* to the mercantile interests, in opening the tH^Cfe of jhe^ed Sea." The only boon was, that he , might return, as he came, by way of Mocha. I may add, that^by this *4 not ice toxput/'^Mr. K.lost the chance of making * rapid fortune. His successor in the service of the Imaum of Mul&3|gjiiade <?30,000 in three years! the" suit chants at Alexandria^ they resolved to from Moharamed'Ati all the securities, wl the merchants of India required^' dfc! ly, the Pacha, the British consul, entered into a commercial treaty t< plish the desirable^end, and* in which each contracting party wdtpJT secure certain profits. .With this treaty, investing him with new and extysntfve powers, Mr. Buckingham r * ? ^ to 'India, as the ambassadors of Mot Ali, the vfceroy of bearer of letters and c< " ernment of India, -fuiL. treaty to its merchants. $ towards the close ofl8l5, _ Bombay until the endof-l8l6>| Reel Sea, and on coram unieMtng^the re l of his expenditure to the British mer reraaine# in "ci JupOflSlSr ^At: oflnlia merchants, suggested that be should 4 become editor b&he Calcutta Joun uiZ.*Tbe Marquis of Hastings, then Go*e*fcp'rof India* the then Bishop of Calcutta, and other fead nokenced. *So,gr<^t tts ^ within three years, after.its first it bro'ughth^J^net profit of nunn^^BB^v^ TheManjojs o the narrow opinions colleague, thecivilse dia Company, a -9hip of voc erum of the - r~n on them^individuall Mr. popu! df led the views head of resisted coritinuancc^jn or any o Mr. Buckin ?3 itertsui aod doi theu chief corn ed those who .measures of ||1tt the Cat ^ftre?<ord .that if tie ever obtained, oj#>day, hi^ first act .Buchmgham. Bit re of the hostility, grew . geofe ceosot could not Lord cutta'Jo Hastings/left^! the seat of pon shouldbe toban the journalist, ; socautiousthat "catch him Adam's temporary gOVernorship-jras drawing to a close, when, a( last, the occasion was mo^r/and sei&ed, to remove Mr- B uckingbaijte|jDr. Brvcc, by terian clergyman, [editor of tofc? Bull, a violent paper, in the interest under thecontroJ ofJftf|, J been convicted, in heavy the convicted libeller, by nomVnatiB^Wm^i^ a gazette extraordinary, to the -lucrative Situ ation of clerk to the committee of stationary; Mr. Buckingham cOultPnot resist the fempta- . tion of a good-humoured Jaugb at the appoint, ment, [a doctor of diyioity examinii ? - and sealing-wax mustVhav^ been an tit the oi tj?~'aw t$h*y wwr ^tCb6anish<Bu< ie it worae,Wasthat a separation often had just 0RT ?eu were com f |nd Board of