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ie tiuee or ftor~*4onare fbr ooe thotmDd , mod*. >TW? lipoid "Be-?oogh to sow one btlg&e&and SixtJ^ wx acres. A drill tor the | new instrument, which is ?f^b-v ^Vmctft ! better,and will not cost above $20. I nttreriH point in sowing1 is the "j ' ploughing. The land must be piougheu eijit ?inches deep at least, and this .ought to be done in the month of August Still fine crops of beets have been obtained by breaking up g.ass , ground in the spring, immediately b-ifure the j feeding The land should be turned up I and- , a melf, and all the grass and other vegetable' ; matter fairly deposited underneath. Then it must be harrowed deep and fin<\ but the nine way with the fiirrowa. It the furrows bj dis imbed, it spoils or greatly injures the crop. . The seed is to be sown in rows, twenty in- .. apart, on the top of the furrows, and t he same j way with 'hem. No plough must ent.-r ^ r , the sowing, but the land tuusL be dressed two : to four times, according to its tendenc) to , weedmess, with the hand and hoe. 1 he yeg- j e table matters decay and give tnetr whok . noonshment to the beets. I suppose these re- . marks mav be of lew consequence to the pro nrie.ors of rich prairies of the West , than to , fhM* of the lands in France and m the rsor : tbern and Middle States of America. There t caii be no doubt, however, that the decomposi tion of fresh vegetable matter will a?ord a more active stimuhAo vegetable lite than old mould, > however rich. The land for beets must be J gowk but it may be *oo good. In this case it will produce beets of an enormia size,but hoi- j low and decayed, and affording less saccharine ; Than much smaller ones. Very poor land, rich by high manuring, is sard to yield , ian*e beets, containing a great deal of potash , and saUammoniac, bat very little sugar. At 1 the first weeding, when the beets are about one : or one and a half inches high, they mu?t be tlanned so as to leave one plant to every twelve j or thirteen inches of row. It there be spaces where the seed has not come up, some of the ! plants putied up should be transplanted into | those spaces. | There are some other considerations wlncn j it is material to suggeft to you at this time* ? j The first is the necfas ty ct prov d:ng season- . ably a stow of good bones. In tie proper mak- j - in g, washing, and otherwise cleansing and j resuming of animal coal, consists the soul of a : beet sugar manufactory. The best bones are -those from kitchens, ui-at- shops, dead horses, I and other dead ammais thrown away. A Frenchman would make his fortune out of dead , hogs and dead dogs which float every day in j East River. Fresh bones are the thing.? j Those wbich have been bleaching a good while i t a fields and highways are very nearly worth- 1 ;eg3. Those who intend to make b-%et sugar j in the United States must look beforehand to | ^the collection of bones. If they should have i more than they want, which is scarcely possS j oie, they wiM have sufficient demand for the ; surplus. The profits of the manufacture of animal coal, though constantly declared to be little or nothing, are,' nevertheless, carefully concealed. Bones are bought here at from ? i Jtol cent per pound. ? A gTeat deal of lime is used in the opera tions of the sugar manufactory, say from a j peck to a bushel per day. It is well for man ufacturers to make their own. It must be of finer quality than that used in masonry. The liuw manufactured from the chips and waste > pieces of marble is considered the purest of j any, made on a large scale. The convenience I and eeonooy of having your works situated up on navigable water will not have escaped the ttt nation of yourselfaud associates. An abun of pure water is required by a beet su m jJsucrinei the wcrd com rr only used by the French.) This may be taken from a rifer or canal if it be clean. Here it is generally ta ken from wells with forcing pamps,worked by steam. The reason is, that the water of the rivers and canals of this country is very dirty. . In the manufactory where I h?ve hitherto been, tbe quantity used is about 15,000 gallons per day. Seasonable provision must bo made of bricks or wood for a building 150 feet long, 50 wide - and 20 high. Besides this, there will be a low part for toe steam engine, for a furnace to re born tbe coal, and a kitchen where part of the utensils must be washed every day. This will ? be of the above length, and 15 feet in breadth. ? am not yet satisfied what is the best plan for a building". I give the above dimensions as embracing sufficient materials for any form. I may hereafter thiuk that it would be better to increase the height and ci ninish the length. Tbe walls should be thick and substantial, but clay mortar and second quality of brick are & used. gs The steam engine can be made as well in | tbe United States as ny where. It will b ? aaffieient if the boiler be of 40 horse power, and I the machine 12. Perhaps in the course of three or four years we should want greater | powers; but, in that case, an exchange or t sale could be easily made, and greater substi i tuted, wheu operations are suspended as they will be of course durwg the spring and ?u n mer. Sach an engine would be sufficient for working up 10,000,000 lbs of beets per annum, producing not less than 500,000 lbs. of sugar. "The engine ought to bo delivered, and the buildings commenced by the first of next J uly, ifyou intend to go on this year. I shall send drawings of an engine when I aJdrcss you again. Several months later than July would be better than to let the year go by without a beginning. If working were commenced this year, although hul i were done, every thing | would be in readiness to go at it betimes next ? year, and you would proceed with confidence and satisfaction to make a large crop of betts. If no more were accomplished this year than ?merely to get together the utensils, set up the machinery, and make a fair trial of them for ? one weck^ it would be well worth the interest of the capital for one year, in the increased confidence, facili'y, and punctuality which it t would impart to all the operations of the ensu *:inj year. There are seven months from the last day of August, (at which I should prefer to begin,) in the very iast week of which you ^ might make the experiment of which 1 speak, and enable yourself to detect any faults or de- j ficiencies, and remedy them against the com- i : i?l_year- . i There are portions of the machinery which i it would, perhaps, be advisable, if not n^ce-s i- ; ry, to procure jn this country, in ord -r that tlvey might be ready in time, and more especi- ! | aiiy tiiat they may b : ^ood ard serve as mo- 1 deis to ntichantcs who have no experience in I tbe matter; thu* American mechanics would be able to execute additional ones as they si ould ; she wanted. I will n*-.tne the principal articlc-s ! ?which would be indispm able to a beginning j oa the smallest fcslev supposing you to procure j the atea n engia j in the Jmted Srates. They } aie those wnich could not, I think,* be wdi ; \ made in the United States, or made in any J maimer there without great delay, trouble and j | in all probability, greater expense than would j be incurred in getting th' Qi here: 1 rasp, j f20D; 2 presses, ?1200; 1 table, $75, 1 de j fecating kettl-, ?*250; 1 evaporating trough 1 boiU-r, $153; 1 coo:er ^100. Total, ^'175. 1 woold also suggest to the company that I authorized to ^n^ags one or two good work- j men. They could be had for less than a com mon laborer in the United States, and they are willing to make considerable sacrifices for the sake of getting to our country. And now, my dear friend, 1 believe I have said as much as is needful at this time. I shall address you again at no distant day. I propose to continue in this place about three months, and return to the United Suites in all of May and June. It is my wish, not only to perfect myseif in all the operations oftiie beet sugary, b it a.'so to observe t.'ie several systems which exist, and compare tiiem with one another. ? 1 i-hail return to the United States by way of j England, chiefly for the purpose of conferring j with a:i eminent chemist, who has kindly pro- ! posed to instruct me in a new method of refin- i i-.ig, which he iius discovered and patented. 1 am affectionately, your friend, Geo. Kimball, Esq. D. L. CHILD. From the JY. Y Evening Star. FAR WEST? LETTER VII. LAKE TRAVERSE, li*3C. A PRAIRIE ON FIRE! Leaving the scene of my extreme rambles in the Far West, 1 proceeded over a beautiful rolling country designated on the maps as "Cott-au Des Prairie," a ridge about 1000 fret abov?! the River Sr. Pwers, and reached this place, the American Fur Companies old tra ding post. We have met with several adventures, and among the rnst came near being roasted alive in a Prairie F,re. I have a mind to describe it to you. Pliny did not more gloriously in the crater of Vesuvius, than your humble servant might have done in a Praine Fire! It is worth travelling ten thousand miles to be an actor in a scene so sublime. About an hour before sunset we spied a cloud of vapour in the direction we were trav elling, rising gradually from the earth, and spreading itself to the right and left as far as the eye could reach. It resembled at first a foo- I have seen rise . from that great waste the Pontine marshes, and pass olf over the Mediterranean in light columns of a feathery form, until it was lost in a higher altitude of lig it. After a half hour's progress it acquired a greater density, and like a London smoke extended itselfover the whole heavens. Sudre ily the sun, which had partial ly illumined the sky, sank below the horizon over the rolling Prairie country, in which we vere travelling, and all the light became in stantaneously transferred to the east, in these clouds which became brighter ar.d wtre driving before the wind towards us. Until then I had regarded it as a phenome nen of the atmosphere, but the gare of light in crease.! fast, the air bejarne heated and suffo cating, as the wind here it directly upon us. 'i h ; Indians, who were far in advance, fell back and announced the Prairie on Fire, and that it was fast approaching us. At first there was a general consternation among the whole party. 1 was alarmed, and demanded through a half breed, who spoke a few words of Cana dian French, what was to be done. Our P.onetr,the old Chef "Whirling Thun der," give instant ord rs fjr the whole party to form a line, which every one obeyed, gal loping away to the right and left, and dis mounting some ten or fifteen rods apart. In five minutes every one had struck a fire, and applied a torch to the tail dry grass of the Piairie, which was soon borne before the wind with terrifice fury in the direction we had come from, snapping and flying i ito the air lvke small rockets. The glartrand heat ofthe fire advancing in the other direction increased every moment; our horses became rest ve gnorUhg and exhibiting the greatest terror, as it cauio cracking and streaming in the air be fore tne wind, which had increased to a per fect hurricane. At this moment the fire we had kindled j advanced slowly against the wind, and from which we were retreating to avoid the flames and heat. The Prairie over which it had passed, being but a sheet of flimes, gradually diminishing, however, in brightness. Here we were between two tires, and both advanc ing towards us, though that against the wind was slower and less intense, but both extend ed to the right and left to an lmmens ? dis ancf. The one before the wind we since ascertain, d to have been about 42 miles wide, and to have am a distance of 170 miles, crossing the streams by the force ofthe wmd. This sccne iii connection with the perilous situation in which we were placed, was grand beyond the power of description. ? Thousand of buffalo, d.-er and wild fo*vl were bounding and flying in every due.wton around ug, which, added to the noise of ihe elements, sounded like the clashing encounter of hostile armies. 1 have stood within r.he convu sed crater of Vesuvius during a night eruption, and seen a thousand travellers and visitors flying with lighted torch es gleaming in the d.stance, before the fiery Wives of a io rent of lava, i have seen the deep flood of the Niagra lead from its rockv heig.it' into the foaming abyss below; and the rushing avalanche tumble fioui the glaciers of | the Alps, carrying desolation and dismay to tne lunauilauts of the valleys below ? but to i witueos a vast Prairie in the Fa r. Far West on fire, is a scene more grand and thriliintr. Tis vaiu to draw a picture oft his night on the Prairie, when earih and air were one com : piete blaze of light? a perfect whirlwind of i hre and tiame, and the wild be >sts were driv I en masse from the.r h d u r plac.*?, j The heat becoming intense the old Chief | gave the signal for retreat, by a wild whoop | which was eenoed by thy wiiole of the Indians, j though hilt io t amid he noise of the ele* jmeius. It was^ instantly obeyed by all, fore j h'aT vvith urtjcn difficult y our horses through I the conflagration we had kindled; and contin | uing to ride fur about three miles at full speed, until we reached a h gh ridge where gra.ss had i been light, and was soon consumed. In other j placcs it was of^en from four to ten feet in i height. i ^ Here we encamped for the night am dst : clouds of smoke, nearly suffocating and which ; rose so thick as to shut out the glorious scene j we had before witn* ss?'d, and how much more romantic to be between two fires, than cast among the emb< r3 of one. Ihe following inori ing when the patty where all mounted, on our singed horses, with smoky fac* s, dresses and blankets, th? re be ing but a shade of difference in the complex ion bf -tween the white and red man, I could but laugh heartily at the exhibition as we o-al iop -d off in Indian file. Never was a party better dressed for a Carnival misqueiad ?. There was something wild; a pcture^qe beauty, in such images as we were under this smo'iy d s^uise, for the t?vo first days, particularly wh.le travelling over l his wide d so.'ation. There was a pecn? liar adaptation of looks to the brown bunt sod on our trail. Th s fire had swept through for est and riHd consuming the young trees, and the fi-w autumn flowers, which now stud the Prairies; and 1 felt satisfied that we owed our lives to the resolution and coolness ofthe old I Chief, for I should have been burned to a mo- ' den Mummy had I not hav ?* been rescued bv j the foresight of "Old Whirling Thunder." j Yours, J. H. B. ! From the American Journal of Science and Axis Notice op the Electro-Magnetic Ma chine of Mr Thomas Davenport, of Brancon,near Rutland, \ ERMONT.-^Many years have passed since motion was first produced by galvanic power. The dry col umns of De Luc and Zainboni caused the vibration ot delicate pendulums and the n-tg" ing of small bells, for long periods of lime, even several years without intermission. In 1S19-30. Prof. Oeisted, of Copenhagen, discovered that magnetism was evolved be i tweeu the pol?>i of a galvanic battery. Prof; Sweigger, of Halle, Germany, by h;s galvanic multiplier, succeeded in rendering the power manifest, when the galvanic battery was no'.h ino* more than two small wires, one of copper and the other of zinc, immersed in as much acidulated water as was contained in a wine glass* The power thus evolved was made to pass through convolutions ot insulated wire, and was thus augmented so as to reflect the magnetic needle sometimes even 60. Prof. MoTl, of IJtrecut, by winding insulated wire around soft iron, imparted to it prodigious magnetic power, so that a horse shoe. bar, thus provided and connected with a galvanic bntte rv, would lift over one hundred pounds About the same time Mr. Joseph Henry, of Albany, now Prof. Henry, of Princeton Col lege by a new method of winding* the wire, obtained an almost incredible magnetic force, i lifting six or seven hundred pounds, with a pint or two of liquid and a battery of corres ponding size ; nor did he desist until a s^o#' time after, he lifted thousands of pound^flfe a battery of larger 6ize but still very 4*6 VV (1830.) , .. This gentleman was not slow to apply nia skill to the generation of mot'on, and a suc-? ce*sftil attempt of his is recorded in this journal, vol. xx p. 340. A power was thus applied to the movement of a machine, by a i beam suspended in the centre, which perform- 1 ed regular vibrations in the manner of a beam of a steam engine. This is the ordinal application lrom which have sprung, or at least to which have suceeeded, several similar attempts both in this country and in Europe. \ o-alvanic machine wis reported to the Brit ish5 Association in 1835, by Mr. McGauly nf Ireland, and he has ren wed his statements of s icc ssful experiments a,t the late meeting at Bristol. Mr. Sturgeon, of Woolwick, hn trland, also reports a galvanic machine as betn* Tn use on his premises for pumping water, and for other mechanical put poses.* But, I believe that Mr. Davenport, named at the head of this notice, has been more successful than any other person in the discov i ry f of a galvanic machine of great sirnplicU ty and efficiency. During the last two or three years, much has been said of this discovery in the newspapers, and it is proba ble, that in a fu'ure number of this journal, drawings and an accurate description of the machine may be given. Having been recently invited to examine a working model, in two varieties of form, and to report the result I sha 1 now attempt "nothing more than a gen eral d scription, such as may render intelligi ble the account I am to give. 1. The Rotary Machine , composed of re volving electro-magnets , with fixed permanent magnets. This machine was brought to New Haven March 16, 1837, by Mr. Israel Slade ofTroy, N. Y., and by him set in motion for my ex amination. The moving part is composed of two iron bars placed horizontally, and cross in.r each other at right angles. They are both five and a half inches long, and they are terminated at each end by a segment of a circle made of soft iron ; these segment* are each three inches long in the chord lintf, anw their position, as they are suspended upon the ends of the iron bars, is horizontal. ? This iron cross is .sustained by a vertical axis, standing with its pivot in a socket, and admitting of easy revolution. The iron cross bus are bound with copper wire, covered by cotton, and they are made to form at pleasure, a proper connexion with a fmall circular bat tery, made of concentric cylinders of cop per and zinc, which can be immersed in a quart of acidulated water. Two semicircles of strongly magnetisedsteel form an entire circle, interrupted only at the two opposite poles, and within the circle, which lies horizontally, the galvanized iron cross moves in such a manner that its iron segments revolve paraU lei and very near to the magnetic circle, and in the same plane. Its axis at its upper end, is fitted by a horizontal cog wheel to another and larger vertical wheel, to whose horizontal axis, weight is attached and raised by the winding of a rope. As soon as the sma.l baitery? destined to generate the power.js properiy connected with the machine, and duly excited by diluted acid, the motion begtns, by the horizon! ai movement of the iron cross, with n s circular segments or flanges. By the galvanic connection, these crosses ard their connected segments are magnetized, acquiring north amfsouth polarity at their 0pp')site?euds, and be ng thus subjected to the attracting and repelling force ot the circular lised maTmets, a rapid horizontal movement is produced, at the rate of two hundred to three hundrtd revolutions in a minute, when the small battery was used and over six hun dred with a calorimotor of large size. I he rope Wiis wound up with a weight of four teen p -unds attached, and twenty-eight pounds were lifted from the floor. The movement is ins' antly stopped by breaking the connexion of i he wires of the battery with those of the machine, when H becomes equally rapid in the opposite direction. The machine as a philosophxal instrument, operates with beautiful and surprising effcrt* and no reason can be discovered why the motion may not be indefinitely continued, ft is easy to cause a very gradual flow of the impaired or exhausted acid 1 quor from, and of fresh acidulated water into the receptacle of the battery, and whenever the n eta! of the latter is too much corroded to be any longer efficient ^notiier battery may be instantly substituted, and that even before the connect tion of ti e old biitery is broken. As to the energy of the power, it becomes at once a J most interesting inquiry, whether it admits of indefinite increase ? To this inquiry it may | be replied, that provided the magnetism of ! both the revolving cross and the fixed circle | can be indefinitely increased, then no reason ' appears why the energy of the power cannot I also be indefiu tely increased Now, as mag ! nets of the common kind, usually called per I manon magnets, find their limits within, at most, the power of lifting a few hundred pounds, it is obvious that the revolving galvanic magnet must, in its efficiency, be limiud, by its i relation to the fixed magnet. But it is an important fact, discovered by experience, that the latter is soon impaired in its power by the influ nee of the revolving galvanic magnet, which is easily made to surpass it in energy, and thus as it were, to overpower it. It is obviou-, therefore, that the fixed magnet, as well as the revolving, ought to be magnetized by galvanism, and then there is every reason ^Sturgeon's Annals of Eleotrioity Magnetism, &c., No. 1. vol. 1. October, 1836. t Mr. Davenport appears to have been strictly the inventor of a method of applying gatv?nism to pro duce rotary motion. i to believe that the relative equality oi the two, and ol course their relative energy, may be permanently supported, and even carried to an extent much greater than has been hitherto attained. 2. Rotating Machine , composed entirely of electro magnets , both in its fixed and revolving members. A machine of th;s construction has been this day, March 29, 1837, exhibited to me by Mr. Thos. Davenport himself, who came from New York to New Haven for that pur pose. It is the same machine that has already been described, except that the exterior fixed cir cle is now composed entirely of electric mag nets. The entire apparatus is therefore construc ted of soft unmanageable iron, which being properly wound with insulated copper wire, is magnetized in an instant, by the power of a very small battery. The machine is indeed the identical one used before, except that the exterior circle of permanent magnets is removed, and in lis place is arranged a circle of soft iron, divided into two portion* to form the poles. These semi-circles are made of hoop iron, one inch in width, and one eighth of an inch in thickness. They are wound with copper, wire insulated by cotton ? covering about ten inches in length cn each semi circle and re turning upon itself, by a double winding, so as to form two layers of wire, making bo'.h semicircles about one thousand and five hun dred inches. [; The iron was not wound over the entire length of one of the stee! semicircles ; but both ends were left projecting and being turned inward, were made to conform to the bend of the other part; each end that is turned inward and not wound, is about one third of the length of the semicircles. These semicircles being thus fi ted up, so as to be come, at pleasure, galvanic magnets were placed in tin* same machine that has been a'read* described, and occupied the same place that the permanent steel magnets did before. The conducting wires were so ar ranged, that the same current that charged the magnets of the motive wheel, charged 'he stationary ones, placsd around it, only one battery bemg used It should be observed, that the stationary galvanic magnets thus substituted for the p 'rnianent steel ones, were only about half the we ght of the steel mag nets. This modifica'ion of the galvanic magnet, is not of course the best form for efficiency; this was used merely to try the j pr nciple, and this construction n?av be super seded by a different and more efficient one. But with th s arrangement, and notwithstand ing the imperfection of the mechanism of the machine ? when the battery, requ.ri ig ebout one quart of diluted acid to immerse it, was attached, it lifted lfilbs very rapidly, and when the weight was removed, it performed more than 6(H) revolutions per mmute. So sensible was the machine to the mag^ netic power, that the immersion of the battery one inch into this acidulated water, was suffi cient to give it rap d motion, which attained its maximum, when the battery was entirely immersed. It appear d to me that the ma chine had more energy with the electro magnets, than with those that were permanent, for which tli^ smallest battery, whose damper was three inches and a half ? its height five inches and a half, and the number of concen tric cylinders three of copper and three of zinc, the instrument manifested as great pow^ er as it I ad done with the largest batteries, and even with a large caiorimotor, when it ?wis used with a permanent instead of a gal vanic magnet. With the small battery ai.d with none but electro or galvanic magnets, it revolved with so much energy as to produce a brisk breeze, and poweifully lo shnke a large table on which the apparatus stood. Although the magnetization of both the stationary and revolving magnets whs impart ed by one and the same battery the magnetic power was not immediately destroyed by break ing the connexion between the battery and the stationary magnet ; for, when this was was done, the machine still performed its revolutions with gr 'at, although d.mimshed energy ; in practice this might be important, as it would give time to make changes in the apparatus, without stopping the movement of the machine. It has been stated by Dr. Ritchie, in a late number* ofthe London and Edmb. Phil. Mag azine, that electro magnets do not attract at so great a distance as permanent, and there fore are not well adapted for producing motion. On this point Mr. Davenport made the following experiment, of which I gave full credit, as it was reported tome by Mr Slade, in a letter dated New York, March 24, 1837. Mr. Davenport suspended a piece of soft iron with a long piece of twine, and brought one pole of a hign charged st el magnet with in theattracting d. static* th.it is, the distance, at which th.- iron was attracted to the magnet by measurement, it was found that the steel magnet attracted the iron one inch and one fourth. A galvanic magnet was next used of the same lifting power, and consequently of much le.-s weight ; th? attracting (hslflp-ce of this magnet was found to b; one incii and It _ three fourths, showing a material gain in favor 1 n ~ of the galvanic magnet. Mr. Slade enquires, "has Mr. Ritchie's magnet been so construct j ed a? to give a f vorable trial to this princi ple V*f M r Davenport informs me that each increase in the number of wires has b^en tended with an increase of power. Conclusions. It appears then, from the facts stated $Dove, that electro .magnet ism is qute ade quate to the generation of rotary otion. 2. That it is not necessary to employ per manent magnets in any part of the const rhc lion, and that eloctro-tn-g iets are far prefer able, not only for the moving but for the s;a tionary parts ofthe machine, 3 That th? power generated by electro magnetism may be d finitely prolonged, since, for exhausted ac ds, and corroded mttals, lr< sh acids and batteries, kept always in readimss, may be substituted, even without stopping the movement. 4 That the power, may be incr -ased beyond any limit liitli rtoattaine<l,a- d probably b yond any ^*vhich can be with cer.'ai tv assigned. ? since, by increasing all the number.- of the apparatus, due r< fererce being had 'o the re lative proportionate weight, size, and form of the fixed and moveable parts ? to the length I ofthe insulated wires and the manner - f wind ing them ? and to the proper*sizc and con struction of the battery, as well as to the natur" and strength of the ac d or other exciting "gent, and the manner of connecting the bat tery with a machine, it would appear certain, that the power must be increased in some ratio which experience must ascertain. 5. As electro magnetism has been experi mentally proved to he sufficient to raise and sustain several thousands of pounds, no reason can bo d scovered why, when the acting surfaces are, by skilful mechanism, January 1837. tTbis question lam not able to answer, ns I have not seen any account ot the apparatus or of the ex periment, but only of the result. brought as near as possible, without contact, the continued exertion of the power should not generate a continued rotary movement, of a decree of energy inferior indeed to that exerted in actuJ contact, but still near y aprrit>wi.t;can be generated cheaply and certainly? as it can be continued indefin itely ? as it nas been very greatly increased by very simple means ? as we have no 'now led-'e of its limit, and may therefore presume on an indefinite augmentation of its energy, it is much to be desired, that the i n vest iga ion should be prosecutcd with zeal, aide* y cor reel scientific knowledge, by mechanical skill and by ample funds. It may, therefore, be reasonably hoped, that science and art, tne handmaids of discovery, will both receive from this interesting research, a liberal reward. Science has thus, most unexpectedly, placed in our hands a new power, of great but unknown energy. . r . ?.?i. It docs not evoke the winds from their caverns, nor give wings to water by the ur gency of heal; nor drive to exhaustion the muscular power of animals; nor operate by complicated meclunism; nor accumulate hy draulic force by damming the vexed torrents; nor summon any other form of gravitating force; but, by the simplest m ans? the mere contact ol metallic surfaces of small extent, with feeble chemical agents, a power every where diffused through nature, but generally concealed from our senses, is mysteriously evolved, and by circulation in insulated wires, ,t is still more mysteriously augmented a thousand and a thousand fold, until it breaks forth with incredible energy; there is no ap preciable interval between its first evolution and its full maturity, and the infant starts up a g ant. Nothing since ths discovery of gravitation and of the structure of the celestial system, is so wonderful as the power evolved by gal vanism?whether we contemplate it in the muscular convulsions of animals, the chemical decompositions, the solar brightness of the galvanic light, the dissipating consuming heat, and, more than all, in the magnetic energy, which leaves far behind all previous artificial accumulations of this power, and reveals, as then; is full reason to believe, the arand secret of terrestrial magnetism itself. New Haven, March 31, 1837. B. S. Claim of Thomas Davenport. In the words of the patent taken out, this invention -'consists in applying magnetic and electro magnetic power as a moving principle for machinery, in the manner described, or in any other substantially, the same i-: princi pie." , -Mr Davenport first saw a galvanic mag net in December, 1833, and from the wonder ful eff cts, produced by supending a magnet of 150 lbs. from a small galvanic battery, he immediately inferred without any knowledges of the theory or the experiments of others; that he could propel machinery by galvan c magnetism. He purchased the magnet and produced his first rotary motion in July, IW. I , July, 1835, he submitted his machine to professor. Henry, of Princeton New Jersey. also withoffl any knowledge of Prof. Henry s t xperim nts in producing a vibra'ory motio i. From this gentleman he received a certificate, testifying to the originality and importance ot the invent ion " , Mr. Davenport is, by occupation, a blacK ami' h, with only a common education, but w:th uncommon intelligence? his age about thirty-five. Mr. Ransom Cooke, of Saratoga Springs, is assoc at d with Mr Davenport, and has rendered essential service by in. improvements he has made in the machine, and bv his assistance in bringing the subject before the public in the most effectual way Airangements have been made to take out the patent in Europe. P. S. The proprietors are constructing a machine of seven inches in diameter, and aUo one of two feet in diameter. Galvanic magnet* will be used as the moving and stationary magnets of each. Fanaticism and Outrage ? Seldom have we heard a more sickening detail ot fanatic ism, than th-t which was communicated to us a day or two since, by a friend who wa.> cognizant of the subjoined facts. It appears that in the vicinity of \uburn, Cayuga county, a knave by the name of Sweet has gathered around him half a score of silly women, who beli ve him to be a divine being, whose com mands they are implicitly and unhesitatingly bound to obey, under the penalty of the dis pleasure of heaven. His househould consist*8 of himself six white and one black woman. T.iete deluded beings, al hough some ot them are well educated and respectably connected ?reverence him as their -divine lord, and hold themselves in readiness at all times to yield obedien <?? to his wishes. 'I hat they are obedient has been repeatedly demonstra ted On one occasion, the impostor command ed the wench to take a huge carving knife, and proceed Hi rough the streets and slay what ever might iin|'"!'' !"" prugrcsi, ? eenlere upon her task, and had not the instruments 0 deaih been wrested from her hand by the first person she attacked, she would have obeyed the command to a letter. On another occasion, he commanded three of the white women to proceed, on a Sabbath day, to a neighboring church where communion was about to be administer, d, to ups t the table, scalar !ll? yessi Is and drink uo the wine.? Accordingly, at the prop'-rhour, they entered the house singing and dancmg as tlwy pro ceeded, and performed the duty assigned them. These outrages incensed the neighborhood, and it was secretly determined by a few who had imbibed an attachment to the code of judurc Lynch, to present the whole household Witn a coat of tar and feathers. For this pur pose some ten or twelve young men blacken ed their faces and otherwise disguised them selves, and proceeded at a late hour on Mon day or Tuesday night of last week, to Sweet s house, which' they entered, seized several ot lhe inmates, (among whom was Sweet) cov er. d their bodies wi h tar, and then feathered them with the contents of abed wh:ch .hey t ok from the house for that purpo-e. The intruders then retired; but again soon returned, and stole a large quantity of niapli sut/ar, with which they decamped. On in -k i:iS th s second visit, one of the disguised gen tlemen was recognized, and the next day ar rested, examined, and bound over for trial. During the examination, the females repea tedly declared their belief In H e divine char acter of 'their lord," as they called Inn, and their obligaiion to ob<y him implicit y. have not heard the result of the subsequent examination, nor whether any dtsposaionhas wen made of the impostor who has beet instrumental in establishing this new creed Cayuga, ? Rochester Democrat. From the New York Express . The anxiety about money affairs still con tinues in lhe city, and it is now quite clear that people will not be satisfied, nor will lhj alarm be allayed till we hear from England, and hear definitively. If the Bank of England can, and has, sustained the American houses in London and Liverpool, there will be somd* thing of quiet, and of relief. All eyes, there fore, are Hxod upon England, and the arrival of the packet ships for a month to come will be expected with great anxiety. It is understood that the United States Bank hesiiates as to accepting the proportion ot the Bank of England, ? the latter institution de manding one half in specie, for every draft up on it. Thus, for 100,0(0 it demands 50.000 in specie, and so on. ? a proposition with which the Bank of the United States does not feel at liberty to comply in the existing rela tions, between that institution, and the go-? vernment of the United States. Ifthe govern ment was disposed to co operate with -the merchants, relief would be felt by all classes of society in twenty-four hours, and confidence would soon be restored. There is now great distress among the work ingmen of this city, and every day, particularly on Saturday, many are thrown out of employ. Every employer is now so afraid of incurring" responsibilities that he is freeing hfms 'If front them as poon as he can. It is highly fortune-' ate for the poor, that summer is before them instead of winter, fdr the existing distress of the c ty would be horribly aggravated* if this was the month of November. The Commercial Advertiser of this evening says ? 4tBy actual calculation it has been as certained that the looses, in this city, on the depreciation of stocks alone, since the fourth of March, have amounted to within a fraction of Twenty Millions! IjOss-s upon cotton, abroad. Fifty Millions. Loss's by failnres in New York, SiXtv Millions. Losses by failures in other cities, Fifty Millions." It is said in the street, and upon what seem* to be good autho-ity, the report having come' from a gentleman direct from Tennessee, that a large hous? in N^w Orleans. which has fail ed, was the house to which Gjn. Jackson- and1' Mr. Donaldson made their consignments- ofT cotton, and to which was entrusted" ttoei* busi ness. By this failure Gen. Jackson is repor^ ted to be a great loser, to an amount even which will mo?t seriously affect the comfom of his old age. Tennessee, and the whole VV ^st, is just beginning to feel the storm. The Foreign news wlirch was received by the George Washington, enlivened affairs in Boston and Baltimore, as it did in this c W. There have been two or three n ore failures in Mobile. It issaid that fit, and about the coun ty of Hartford, (C <nn.) and the vicinity, sixty facroricsof various kinds, large and small, have stopped under the pressure of tiie times. Several failures took place to-day. Previous ly, this we-'k, there had been but v>?ry few. The state of the Money market is w.thout any improvement for the better. The slate of our Domestic Exchange? is no way improved. It is now more difficult than ever to make col lections, for in m iny places the banks will not collect at all. It is a fact, that whil< |the Char leston banks arc making a demand on ourjbanks for specie, our banks save a demand on them for a large amount. UNION AND SPARTANBURG RAIL ROAD MEETING. At a meeting of the Commissioners appoint ed by the- Stockholders in the Charleston, Louisville, and Cincinnati Rail Road Compa ny, from the Districts of Union and Spartan burg, held at M'B ydesville 17lh of April* 1839, Theron Ear e, Esq. was called to tbe U?air,aud S. M. Gowdey, was appointed Se*? cretary. The following resolution was offered by Col. Win. K. C'iownev. Resolved, That the surveyors appointed by the above named districts, be directed to ex plore the most practicable route for a Rail. Road through Union and Sp\rtanburg districts, commencing at, or near the mouth of Tyger River, thence alo-?g the ridge near Uniouville and Spartanburg Court House, to the most direct route to any of the passes in the (noun** tains deemed practicable for a Rail Road; and that the Suiveyors enter upon the discbarge of their duties on Monday the 24 inst. ll was further Resolved , That the following" persons be appointed as committees to attend with the Surveyors and Engineers, viz : from Tyger River to Unionville, Messrs. Wm. C. Pearson, Clough ?S. S nis. Thomas Bowker, Nathan Sims, Austin Wilson, and John Rodg ers. From thence to the Spartanburg line, Messrs. Win. K. Clowney, S. M. Gowdey, Joseph Dogan, Jno. Gist, J, S. Sims, M. A. Moore, Nathaniel Gist, and A. VV. T. M' Bryde. Tnence to Spa rtmburge Court House,. Messrs. Jehu Wells, Elisha Poole, Samuel Otterson, Wilson Nesbit, S. N. Evans, Ed^ ward Patterson, Thomas Moore, and Richard Thompson. Thence to the North Carolina, line, Messrs. Tneron Earle, Wm. Jackson,. Thomas Bryant, H P. Woodruff, A. B. Flem ining, H.H. Thompson, John Poole B. H. Durham, Foster Jackson, David Dantzler, Robert Jackeon, R. C. Poole, aid Samuel Jackson. Resolved , That Col. Wm. K. Clowney, Col. Tliomis Moore, and Col Thomas N. Dawkina be appointed to receive the report of the Sur veyors, and wilh them prepare a -eport and address to the Directors and Engineers of the Charleston, Louisville and Cincinnati Rail Roa.1 Company, recommending the above route, to their nonce. . On motion of Col. Nathanit. Gist, Resolved ; 1'hat the proceedings ot t his meeting be published in the Grv^nVI[ . . taineer, and the Columbia Papers. THERON EARLE, Chairman. S- M. Gowdey, Secretary. Latest from Mexico. ? By the Cxunanehe^ at. N. Orleans from Matamora6, antr the Sarah> ynn from Tamp co, advices are received to> April 12. The M xican army were in a inosfc leplorable condition ? in fact, in complete desutulion. G -n. Bravo had resigned. The' expected $150 000 from Quintana had not ar^ rived, nor the jrrot is vm sfrom New Orleans ! .T Thus are 6000 men left without food. The. Texas invasion is abandoned. Private Iclkers from Mexico to .March 28th announce^ the a rival at Vera Cruz of the French national . bri? of war La Badine, the frigate D.don, 64 guns, and twootier Brigs, all under command, of Capt. Bretomore. It api?eare there had. been ?80,000 received for tbe troops, but the offic. rs kept it. Six Mexican vessels of war have b^en off Matamonn, five ot which had sailed for Tampico, I* aving one schooner for the protection of the commerce* About ?270,000 in specie arrived in the Camanche and in the Sarah Ann, from Tam pico, for Messrs Lizardi, Merle and others. Two persons of Havana came in the Sarah Ann, expelled by Gov. Pi?-dra. CaJ Palom^ mo, who had none with 200 men agaiest Olarte, returned wiih 50, the rest having joint d the Indian chieftain. It was thought Santa Anna would unite with the un educated but brave Oiarte, near Tampico, New custom house negotiations and pledges to raise money are talked of. Bustamente :s chosen President. Santa Anna is at bis seat* a l Manga de Clavo, watching his opportunity, and plotting and intriguing behind the curtain. ifo throws the blame of the $$an Jacinto defeat on Gen. Castrejon, and two or three others killed in the action.. Safe depository of his folly and cowardice