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WHY THE NEERQ SHOULD STICK TO THE FARM Read l?e fore the Last Race Con Held in Columbia-A Splen did Paper. Mr. Chairman. Ladies Contle men : It i- unfair. I claim, lo ask ai unpopular sci of men i<? speak ol au unpopular subject thc last <la\ o? the Conference. lt is tn he remet tillered that niosi of our yoting tuen want lo lake u| some trade or professant or to g< lo u?wn to live easy, i bereft ire yoi can't expect us to entertain tl? pc? ?plc. Wc like lo follow (lu.- white peo ple, dress linc every day and ride ai omul. Wc nev er stop to thinl that thc while people had our ltcl| more than two centuries before wt began lite life that has counted foi si mtclhing. The Negro is, hy nature, adaptei' lo agriculture. We wen- pre pare<l for this work on ibo bank of lite Nile. When the culture* while people of V irginia st.1 ii need of farm labor a band of Ne groes were imported winch wer*, used in the cult ?val iou of tobacco Thc white people could not work the Indian- would not, so ii wai left for thc people of our father land to contribute thc muscle iure-, sa ry for lite agricultural advance ment of the I 'nited Stale-. I'or more than two centuries tile majority of ti- spent our lime on Ihc farm under the strict super vision of white fanners, who had been well educated, lt was in this capacity we learned the arl anti habit o? industry, so that when wc became emancipated we bad some idea oj farming from a business point of view, as well as an idea nf cultivating the si ?il. I know of no business or trade which the Xcgro had been so well prepared lo make his way in life as a free man. I say il without nv just fear of contradiction that :he reason why we. as a race, have been so much more successful as farmers is due to the training wc received at the hand of intelligent music rs. lt i< claimed that we spend every year m.ooo.ooo for medi cine ami advice from practicing physicians. This could be greatly reduced il we would go where we c. .nhl live ill a healthier atmos phere. The condition of the masses in town- and cities is far from thal which is ci inducive in long life. Poorly built houses in unhealthy places, eating poor and half pre pared food will shorten the life ol' any race, nation or individual. Statistics show that farmers live longer than any other people. Not withstanding, a farm properly con dueled requires business judgment, there is less risk. less worry, more i HU-of-door exercise where we can breathe more jun e air and eat mon pille food. II was not till the Negro began to enter the skilled trade- and pro fessions I hal he became a victim ol consumption. As long as lie slaved in the air he was healthy. The need of a practicing physician was seldom felt. A race spending two hundred years in one life and changing lo another could expect no less. lt Likes time lo become skilled in any trade or learned in any pro fession, or perfect in any business. Thc vast number of intentions that have facilitated ministry, thoughts that have mouled senti ment, the men who with brain held thc masses in their hands, were not the efforts of a day. This being a free country, every person must meet competition in nearly every walk of life, the farm being the exception. f do not mean to be understood as meaning that thc Negro is un able to compete with his white brother, because T believe the Ne gro has the ability, if properly trained, and can do anything for which he is by nature titled, lilli we have to contend willi prejudice which has made its way into laboi uni? ?ns. A race half intelligent and pov erty-stricken cannot compete wi tl a people superior in number. I stronger intellectually, stronger | financially, willi the law ol' the. country at hi^ back. < 'ur success inusi be along uncontested line-. While the records show thal thc Negro is gaining in oilier occupa lions, only goes lo show that ibo trained Negro is gaining ground, bul not t,, th,- point t" insure sta ble success. There arc _\i.|3.17'> Negroes en gage? I in agricultural pursuits or J I and 7-10 per ceiil. of all persons i- by IM means displeasing. lhere seems to be an unrest of leaving thc faim ami going lo town lo live by wits, but il seems (he interest is greater among white than among Negroes. From i<>oo to 1010. the increase of while fann ers was o 1 - m per cent., (hat ol" the Negro was nj per cent. 'The Negro farm labor decreased nu mcrically. while ihe Negro farm ers increased. This i- doc to the fact that farm work i- depreciated, tin- masses of colore? 1 people are made to feel thal it is more honor able to move to (own and follow si une trade and hal f starve. The pour while man ha- neither the money or the brain lo control Negro lab. .f. Some leading white politician- arousing race haired, make (be poor while man feel hu miliated working in (be fields willi Negroes. The well-to-do while man will noi du manual work, at die -ann- lime prefers lo live in town where be can educate his children. The poor white man linds employment in colton facto ries. This leaves the farm lo thc Negro and the nude. Herc is a chance to buy land and live nnino leste.l. < 'ur white friends are grieving over thc race problem. Let us bin farm land, cultivate il intelligently and let our white friends talk poli iii-- and look dignified. Sell him ail that lie need-, in short, let ns produce while be consumes. This u ill solve the problem. There arc in the South several I millions 0/ acres of unimproved i land which the Negro can buv and ! j cultivate successfully, which, if we I wait a feu years, w ill be owned by j si une < ?ne else. I The newspapers and the railroads ?are advertising the South in for I eign countries with the hope of (?ringing people of foreign birth, loreign ideas, people w ho are in lit tlc <>r no sympathy with conditions in this country, for thc sole pur pose of maintaining white supre I macy. In case tin- country is overrun with these ignorant people the irpiestiou that ought to concern us is : where will w e -land ? We are practically debarred from white labor unions, hence the j i unimproved kimi is oin" place. Notwithstanding there is little or I no inducement to the unthinking j young Negn). the Negro must take i that as his lot and thank (iod it i j Ul > Wi >rSC. 'Thc National House of Repre sentatives seems to be unfavorable to the progress of Negro agricul ture, and in no Stale do we get all 1 (be encouragement necessary for ? intelligent farming among Ne groes. Putt this is in no way due to the white people of character and ' ability. Anything done to discour age the Negro in his progress 011 i ward is the work of the politician ! whose stock is in arousing the bat j red of the poor, ignorant white j people against colored people, i Let it ever bc remembered that I the white people who have stood i for progress among their own race, have extended a helping band to I the Negro struggling, the Negro i who wanted to rise. There arc hundreds of farmers herc and else where whose success has opened ! the way for Negroes to stick to the { farm, and whose career stands as ?possibilities. 'They owe their suc cess io thc kindly advice and finan cial help of their white friends, i Hut we must not let any of these prove barriers in our way. To be sure, wc must go the faster. ? . We must boar in mind that wc " are no longer slaves, but free men. walking and thinking as other peo ? ; pie. i ; We. like thc other people whom (: >d made. owe something to su nely. Wi- ari' not here jusl lo sla\ (tmil wc ?lie. ( '-.?I made u> for - ' . 11K ? 111 ? H ;. \\ r eau hesl serve die end ?nr which we were create?! I>\ doh 154 111 : . 1 u Iii. li we ;uv hc-t prc pared '. i "lo. ! believe 1 lint we can b?tler leach mir people tin- hahn- ..f in du-: r\ and li? ?liest v mi thc farm. I I here are n< > t ricks lo he learned! nor pi arl ?? ed oil the farm. I here are hundred - of \egr? > larniers who are making good.! What lhc\ are doing ol hers eau do. Why remain in crowded tenement houses ?:i cities, half -larve, suffer fi"* 'in coiuagiou> di-ca-cs. and in a nlaee where ciuplovmcnl hard to get, when in the rural di-lrictla hoi- i- waute.1 and needed and must he had if material progress con linues ? In the Solidi ihe p?ople arr wak I iug up truck farming and cattle j raising. The Si ?nth i- in ?\\ the , garden -t?o| of die e. ?uni rv. 1'eo plc I nu n other sections are coining here (hiding forluue- in our unhu- ! pr? ?ved land. The I uited Male- I ?vernmenl j i- -nen.ling thousands of dollars everv vcar to cnn heat?- the eadie ? j lick and i).>ll weevil. We must not j let the < ?pp. .rluuity slip u< i\v. Ti i he sure, town property will eu- | liane?- in value or depreciate a- the town builds up or goes down, lu the country, properix enhances in I proportion a- we build up our in dividual properly. \ mau in town bu i li 1- a cit \ home for -ix thousand dollar-. A mau in the country buys a farm for three thousand dollar-. The man in the city eau do nothing willi hi- home: but live in it. In case he l?>ses out the home becomes worlhle-- prop-j city. The man in the country iu vc-t - j u-t half ihi' amount - three thousand dollar-- has room for -n ek. for chicken-, at the -ame lime make- a goo?l living. ll* you will pardon nie for per-1 soual reference. I ow n both city and |, country property. Taking hilo con sideration', insurance and taxes.! country property is the cheapest you can buy. I I ask m\ friends to leave the town:; ami dies, come to thc conn try and help us clear the w.I- 1 and make things go. 1 inlier < ieneral. _ I RACE RELATIONS DISCUSSED! AT MEMPHIS. j From (Benedict) College Journa Memphis. Tenn., May 7. The co- operation of the races for the purpose of bettering conditions in the South, as discussed by Bishop Theodore I). Bratten, of Jackson. Miss., and Hooker T. Washington. attracted large: crowds at the afternoon session of the Southern Sociological con-1 gress here to-day. 1 Bishop Bratten pointed out the : necessity of race cooperation in church work as a contributory' factor in laying the foundation; for the solution of the race prob lem. "The first point of cooperation ; ! for the two races, in this" he i ?said, "is the example of a solid j religious faith and justice: the j ; second is the points of contact in their churches and schools and ' sharing with them the benefits I of our great public school system. But above all is to live the Cos Pel." The Bishop took to task PX j tremisti of both races. Following the address of Bish Bratton, former Gov. Mann, who occupied a seat on the platform, called on K. R. Moton, a leading Negro of Virginia, to lead the colored portion of the audience in singing "Climb, Climb Up Higher," and "Down on the Suwanee River, " brought rounds of applause. Booker Washington discussing j race cooperation in securing law i ami order, pointed to the socio logical congress as the best ! means of bringing the two races to a better understanding of each other, as well as the needs and aspirations of the Negro. His subject was "How can the Ne-; gro in the South do his part in ? using this Congress to bring a bout better conditions." He' said : "We can use this organization . to spread an influence among our people for the prevention of World's Best Pianos ?nd PL?YER-PIMQS SOLD AND GUARANTEED BY SSS PIANO CO. ??8 QUALIN [Established 191 Oj Sgfje 1271 Main St. Phone 1316 crime. In spite of all that may bc said, in palliation, there is too much crime committed by, our people in all parts of the country. We should let the world under stand weare not going to hide| crime because it is committed ! by black people." To You, Mr. Slock Owner Would you own a horse and let him suffer and besatisned? Why the horse needs a dentist as weil as the human being; dues. If you have his teeth kept up iL will save other trouble on the horse. When this is done the animal j will eat better and give you bet ter service. Do you know that you give away better stock than what you buy every year because ' you don't call a veterinary sur-, Keon and ask his opinion about it. As long as you do so it will keep you buying stock Our business is to take care of the stock and his owner. The white people have us to work the same ones over again and then they sell them right back to you for the same price you first paid. Why can't you do the same thing and save the price of another horse or I mule? We are called allover this county todo so for the white people and you are paying for it. lt is time to wake up and get busy. We will do the same thing for you. Yours truly, DR. J. H. SIMS. Veterinary Surgeon and Animal Dentist, 1518 Williams Street, Columoia. S. C. Phone Small Farms Five acres ami up with dwelling Productive Soil Will rent. Sell or Exchange for other property. A Few New Lot H nuil Houses Low Prices Easy Terras Martin Storks 1544 Main Street, Columbia DR. L. M. DANIELS PHYSICIAN & SURGEON ( Ulice 1 lour.-;: !> to IO \. M. ; 1 to Li P.M. ; to 4 v M. ; 7 lo s p M. Resilience K'?10 Sumter Street, Office, 11(H) Washington Street. PHONE l-l?'.l, : : Columbia, S. C. . L. BAILEY L tensed Architect & Builder Plans and Specifications gotten out for Residences, Churches etc. '.YM) PINE ST. - COLUMBIA, S. C. if?i? ? ?????1 - ii i? iiref^?Bi Mail Orders No need send to the mail order houses for what you want. We have it here at the same price, if not cheaper. You owe us a trial anyway. Send a list of what you require and let us figure on it. We have specially laid ourselves out to execute mail orders and you may rely on prompt attention. Our PAINT de partment is unexcelled in this country. L?rick & Lowrance i INCOUTOKATKI)! Columbia, South Carolina. Palmetto Meat Market J. S, DENT, Prop'r. Butcher and Green Grocer, Fish, Oysters and Game in season, 1330 Assembly St. Phone 172. Columbia rt H. Collin's Big Department Store THIS ls the store that gets the new things first. We are now showing many new and stylish STETSON HATS-a Hat for every face-ior every taste. 1125 Washington Street, - Columbia