The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, November 12, 1857, Image 1
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THE CAROLINA SPARTAN.
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by gavis & tbimmieb. dowjlffr to smttfyent iii(jl)ts, politics, ^igriculturc, aritr iitisccllumj. 62 peb annum.
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vol xiv spartanburg, s. c., thursday, november 1857. ~ not38."
I III! -1- . ?
rput1 n A T> f\T TUT A en * nm ??? l> ? !" 1
vaMViJin XX orXLAlAH.
BY CAVIST&T TrimmIER.
T 0. P, VERNON Associate Editor,
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printed to order.
CAROLINA SPARTAN'.
ORIGINAL ESSAYS.
Spartanburg Agricultural Society.
REPORT ONllANURES.
Your Committee aro at a loss to know
on what branch of this prolific subject to
write. The kind of manure, the manner of j
tnol'tnrv ntt/1 ll?/* tnnil a aT n?\i\ltrt?il i am Mttrvlif I
mnriu^i i?uu vuv iuv/uu v? rtj'j'iivmivuj ""q"1
aacli well engage our atteulion for an hour,
and a report three hours1 long would bo
more tedious than profitable. Wo must
therefore necessarily bo general in our remarks.
We concur unanimously that (lie
most important matter about manures is to
have enough of it, of some kind or other;
hence how to make it the cheapest and
most abuudantly becomes of the greatest
importance, while applying it to the land is
comparatively a small matter.
We do not deem it necessary to enter
into a learned chemical analysis of manures;
this we leave to Vanquelio, Petzholdt,
Thaer, Liebig, and other agricultural cliem
ista; as what is contained in them is not of
as much importance to the farmer as how
to mako it aud use it.
A knowledge of the constituent elements
of manures would ho of liltlo value without
n corresponding knowledge of the constituent
elements of the soil aud atmosphere, as
all plants derive their sustenance both fiom
the soil aud atmosphere; aud in otder to
know what kind of tnanuio to put upon any
given soil, you must know what quantity
of those elcrncuU uccossaiy to vegetable life
is contained in that soil, and what is want
in<r m order to ?pr'r eu<^ illfliiuros as will
supply ilio doficieuey needed. ?
The principal elements of plants arc car- ^
bon and nitrogen, liumus and ammonia. ^
The most of their carbon and nitrogen is
? c
derived from the atmosphere, and hence the h
best manures are those which contain the
f
greatest quantity of lntUfa and ammonia. ?
liumus is decomposed vegetable matter,
while ammonia is tho principal ihir.o it of
animal luanutcs. Pure ammonia is destructive
of vegetable life, and therefore those
manures which have loo much ammonia are
not so good, unless mixed with liumus or c
earth. The best and most expeditious mode L
of making manure, therefore, within the j,
means of every farmer, is by mixing his t
vegetable and animal matters together, viz: I
His leaves, straw, stalks, <kc., with liis sia- '
bio manure, to which a little lime added V
. . . s
will expedite decomposition, and improve n
bis manure. f
In a few words, therefore, if a farmer '
would make the largest quantity of manure
possible in a given lime, he thould pen his *
cows, hogs, sheep, and horses, every night
daring the winter, and keep their stalls and [
pons constantly covered with dry straw and c
leaves, and whenever they get so tilled up '
as to require cleaning out, takeout the ^
leaves or straw, mixed as they will l?o with h
manure and saturated with urine, and throw t
them iii pens in the lot or in the fields w hero ' (
the manure w ill be needed; and if you have
it, or can get it conveniently, mix a little !
liiuo with it, cover it over with earth, and t
leave it exposed to the rains. In this way |,
* any farmer may make every milk cow make f
manure enough in thu winter to pay for her 1
food during the whole winter. The prac- j.1
lice of burning the leaves in the forest is ?
ruinous, while the custom of burning oil the s
leaves in a new ground is as unwise. If c
the loaves be too thick on the ground to
plow, it will pay the farmer to haul them .
to pens, and let them remain thcro until b
they rot; or if lie will put them on his lots y
or stables they will pay bettor. Wheat I
straw is worth throe times 'lr marketable ! 11
valuo lo any fanner w ho has poor land, j ^
yviki wno Lias not? it lio will put up liis
milk cow overy night and throw a little f,
dry straw in hor stable, she will not only be c
easier kept, give more and butler milk, but v
will inako 8 or 10 dollars' woilh of tannine '
out of every 4-horso wagon load of wheat jj
straw. The manure thus made, when well , h
rotted, contains tho proper proportions of tl
the elements necessary for vegetable life, ?
and may be applied, not only with safety. I ^
but profit, to all tlie crops grown in this' |,
country. tl
Straw, oak, or pine leaves, put up in ma- 11
nuro pens or piles, and covered with earth 1
as directed, w ill rot in two or three months;
and all made any timo before the Ibt of i|
January may be used in the ensuing crop I ai
uy wuai wo win uusignato internal application,
that is, by putting it either broadcast
and turning it under, or drilling it in the
furrows or hills of tho corn or cotton and ?|l
covering it up; and all made in this way ^1'
before the first of March may bo used by ^
external application, that is, on corn around th<
the stalk after it lias couic up and been th<
plowed ouce, which is as good a plan to lai
09?
manure corn as any other. A double hand- ^
ful of woll-roUed compost nianuro to each
liill of corn just bofoio the second plowing, (j?
to bo covered up by tho plow, will increase vi(
the product of tho corn from 50 to 100 per su?
cent.
The opinion of your committee is, that p
the most profitable mode of applying ma- tin
uuro in tho hill or drill, eithor to corn or ty,
cotton, is as follows: In January or Februaiy,
in fact as early as it cnu bo done, after
tho previous crop is gathered, lay oil" your
land by opening a furrow with a twister, tin
running back and forth two furrows in the bei
same row, and tlicu follow with a subsoil 1>U
plow, and put two furrows with a one-horse
subsoil plow, or one with a two-horso *ub- t^j
soil, then scatter your manure along tho op
drill as thick as you havo it to put on, not t'1"
loss than 12 or 20 bushels to the acre; coror
this with two twister furrows and lot it re- .i -
nil
main uuli! you are ready to plant, and thon nit
apen with a long narrow scooter or bull po
tonguo, which will stir up the manure aud
mix it with the soil?drop your cotton or ^
:oru in this furrow; and if cotton, cover with j,r<
i cotton covcrer; aud if corn, cover with two uu
"urrows with the subsoil ono-horso plow; 1:11
md your committee will insure au ample
reward for the labor employed.
The subject of greeu manuics is loo mt
much neglected in our district, and your be<
lommittcc are so limited iu their experience hol
>n the subject that we can only express tho ^
inn conviction, fiotn the analogy of nature
?nd the theory and cxpericuce of others,
hat tho i?ea vino may bo successfully and cri
irofitablv used as a green manure, and or
* At"
vould earnestly recommeud every farmer ||(
alio lias the means to try the experiment, cX,
is we are sure they can possibly lose no- po
liing by tho operation. Sow iheiu broad- cu>
:ast, about half a bushel to tho acre, and
urn them under with a turning plow (and t||(
bllow with a sub-oil plow in liiu same lur- \V;i
oxv) just beforo frost. or
\ our committee ran not conclude without f,,J<
lrging upon every farmer the importance
>f devoting more liino and attention to the liu
ubiect of miilinroa >= ll.?? ? I : i- '
_ ...uj It^niu Ik III l:ic
lonneclion with liill aido ditching tlio only wli
iUte and speody means of improving and 1,0
idvancing tlic agriculiural interest of our j
lounlry. Respectfully submitted, is j
J. 1). WlilCillT, Chairman. sot
un
The Origin of the Bank of England. nu!
So Into as tlio time of the Restoration,
ivory merchant kept a strong box in his ,
inn house; and when nn acceptance was ls,c
iresented to him, told down tlio Crowns i''1
ind Carolines on his own counter. (ion- ,l 1
lotucn locked up thcii gold in their country .
iouses, or travelled with it in their conches. 1,1
1'hese were the halcyon days of thieves, c"'
vhen a burglar would often be able, after a 111,1
ingle night's work, to retire with a fortune; ?
11 ?
ind highway robbery was a lucrative proessiou,
whose adepts wero styled 4*<?entlc- ,
nen of the Road."
l>y the end of Charles ll's icign it was ^
liscovcred that it was both safer and more
onvenienl to have agents to keep the cash jj;
>f commercial houses. This now branch of ^
uisiness fell naturally into the hands of the
Goldsmiths, who were nccustomcd to traffic
argely in the precious metals, and who had ^
nulls where masses of bullion could lie se- I
mo from lite and robbers. It was at the j
hops of the goldsmiths of bombard street j
bat all the payments in coin were made.
i I > -i i ?r:i
llier traders gave and received nothing i m
?ut paper. ;U)
Of courso the goldsmiths, from being
lie treasurers, soon become the masters of .
ho citv. >
_ ?.uu..niN.i im-io me money- I
orders. (foUlsmillis furnished the fund*
or all now enterprises. A goldsmith's note lj((
assed current on 'Change lor cash. The r
tobility had to court the favor of the gold- ' "
millts, and Koyalty itself, when a Govern- i.(J
rent loan was needed, privately summoned .j
onie of the wealthy goldsmiths to its audi- J
nee chamber. cj (
The same reasons that led the communi- 0f
y to gather their cash into fifty vaults, in- 0f
lead of leaving it scattered among a thou- jnv
and, soon led them to see that it would ho un,
till belter to keep it in one, instead of fifty. or
n W illiam the Third's lime the matter was vor
reely discussed, and in 1C9-1 it took the wj,
efinite shape of a plan for a Nation 1 scj,
>ank. I u c
Of courso so great a change was not cf- din
;ctcd without hitter opposition. A largo me
lass denounced the "bank of Knglaiul" the
dlh much violence and viudicliveness. the
ories declared that Jlauks were republican sch
rstitutioiis, and predicted the ruin of the cor,
ronarchy. "Whigs <leclared it would bo an the
istruinent of lfoyal tyranny worse than act
je Star Chambor, and predicted the ruin feci
f Knglisb liberality. The nobility suspect- me
d it to be a scheme to elevate traders above coi
ie J'oorage, and the poor were made to am
cliuve it a new device to grind them to out
to dust. Nevertheless, the Hank whs os- ing
tblishod, and gained popular favo, less by tics
rgumenls than by its manifest convenience wo
...? i. i
11vi mini}, ii uvea ana grew and pros-1 t
mod, and for a hundred and fifty yoar? , sati
10 wealth of England has lived and grown J ll \
id prospered with it. j u*i
?>
f rom tlio South Carolinian. dents
The South Carolina College. ofJus
Tito following whs addressed to the Govtor
by one ot the Alumni of ihu South
roliua College, who has travelled on tho encej
Europe, as an otl'oriug for tho Continont I
nofitof his loved Alma Mater. It contains ft
a substance of a previous conversation on courl
a subject of college reform. We have ob- ^ lr
ned it for our columns, in order that it ^
ty be more gauerally circulated: t|(
) 11 is Excellency 11. 1\ IV. Alls ton. n,y j
Duah Sin: In compliance with your ie- t0
est, I have hastily thrown together my |c?c \
iws on the subject of college reform, and ac
ch as they are, 1 respectfully submit them it Wo
your consideration. inrr ii
1 repeat what I said \o you in converaa- ulty,
ns?it matters little what name we give selves
3 institution, whether college or universi- und t
provided thero bo a proper arrangomeut own <
discipline and of study. their
In providing for tho success of an insti- L)r
ion of learning, two things mainly are to discip
considered: first, the provisions made for my
i discipline aud government of the inein- whicl
rs; secondly, the methods of instruction stride
rsued therein, or the appliances fur the iu m;
luisition of knowledge. cially
it is chiefly in referenco to tlsc former, 1 'jtou*0
nk, that our college lias failed to dovol- crs, tl
tho grand results, which, fiom its fino result
iowineuts, might reasonably have been H?>
[lectcd from it. It has been found want- tiecos:
; in tho vciy element, whcli, above all- ?ihc
ngs, constituted good govcriimeiit: 1 the jt
ian a community of feeling and of pur- ding
so between the governors and the govern- an or
; between the professors and the students, Coui>.
eso seem to have exhibited towards each ward,
ler a constant antagonism. Little im- moro
jsseJ by their mutual obligations to pro- existe
>to each other's welfare, thev have outer- Tli
ned toward each other feelings of itidif- organ
euce and independence, mid for neatly the i
ty years liavo clashed in their conduct, to ho do
sir mutual injury, and to the gieal detii- lion I
lut of the institution of which they have acadc
en constituent parts. It needs no pLilo- ?_?! voi
:>hic pen to picdict that no change for the whicl
Uer cau occur in future, unless soino po-i- some
o reform ? new elements of discipline? cc lo?
all l>e introduced. it to t
It is a well-established principle in gov- ] c
ltncut, whether as applied to small bodies that s
large ones, that there must l?c one po\v- ]y t/,i
to make laws?a separate one to judge iheiir
am?aud another to superintend their prcsci
edition. Among a people accustomed to ward
litical liberty, no gowiiiinent can be sue- to be
isful without such a distribution of power, nmbil
id the principle is as applicable to the of sec
liege as to the State. A large number ol It is i
> iilltiiiuA. committed w iltitli the College d g:C
ills Lave personal concern with some oti? tmive
other of ih- 1 acuity; and we could us 1 ?ocU
>n expect a community of citizeu*. to be tor of
isfied with the administration of justice, to tin.
lich authorizes the oHended to sit in jutlg- not si
:iit over the offender, as to expect a satis . d wi
lory administialion of the college laws ];<;<
ion tho professor ia allowed to go reeking lege t
in the scene of personal insult, to judge for in:
J pass sentence upon tho student who Prune
* offended him. fcjuch an administration py la'
ftgainst tho course of nature and of reft- hiiuse
i, and can never succeed, though applied Pcr ol
dor the most favorable circumstances, it 1-,* as
one of the great principles of government life, p
il of public liberty, thai an impartial tri- of the
nal must stand between the injured and than '
! accused?and it is another great princi- thus;
!, that tho law should l>o executed in a Su
ssionlcss spiiit, according to tho rules of Mininorciful
justice. losopl
The first thing, then, to Pe sought after losopl
establishing a proper discipline for the To
lege, is a siipei\i-ing executive otlicor f"t phvsh
liters not whether lie be called president, cal S
incellor, proctor or rcctoi,) wlmse duty l o
shall be. iu coniiinerimi wi11. ii... r ' 1 v'
r -j ..v. itiv * iivuuj | .> illll!
have an ova lo ilie Conduct and diligence dcrn
llic students, and who, removed as tarns lo
ssihlo from all temptations to partiality, Agric
jiild seo that tlic discipline of the college Moral
properly and wisely carried into edict. J o
a duties should he well defined, and he Langt
>u!d lia\o no connection with the lileia !<>-,(>pl
exercises of the institution. In all ordi- \ Keepi
ry offences, presenting few dillicullies and (.
juiting little or no investigation ot law guag<
ii of fails, the judgment of this ollicer phv, 1
11 sufli ce; hut graver matters frequently i phv.
so, such ns rebellions, insults to profess- 1 si
, secret violations of the college laws, Are., m >te
which it is often necessary to investigate ( educa
d decide judicially and impartially. ends.
In the second place, then, there should; whi.J
a competent court in the college, with a ,"ur )
Ige at the head of it, having regularly j l'acc.
lined powets, with authority to make a howo1
iroiigh legal investigation of ai! otlonce-> name
iiinst the laws, and to administer such clioio
ni>hincuts a-> the law may presetioc.. shouh
hjccling the student to the strict disci o^-i
uo of lno, will not, 1 know, suit the tasti eictic;
some who rely altogether upon the prin ' J
lo of honor in governing the young men diale.
the coll ego; but what, I ask, is the h.is'.s in <ii
all true honor hut proper obaci vancc of JI.
i\s framed upon the principles of justice | small
1 honor? To what is the appeal of lion- the pi
made, if not to (ho ohseivanco of those ' their
y laws? Certainly not to the mere they
ims and caprice of a young man's con* | pav o
slice? This would he anything else than d.ligc
ode of honor. A proper spirit of suhoi foil-. \
intion to law is worth more lo the young tahiisl
n in Kepiihlican (loverinuout, than all a tie ?
i vapory notions of gentlemanly conduct si>t in
iy can possibly acquire in the so called i.
ools of honor. Hut true gentlemanly there
I<1 liot is nri.r i.t.a I....- ... 1 .1 ?
... ? . ?. ...ava IIIU lilW. It |ji ?ivc i
i offspring of n native generosity of chai man i
or, which 111 o law can budd oul ami | or I'msH
L, but can never destroy. i?esidcs, young culvg
n, when they coiuo forward into life, aro *o0l)
npellcd to obey the laws of tlieii country pi! > w
I to observe tbo forms and judgments of to Sit
'courts. What butter preparatory tram- i.iry I
; could tlioy liavo for those important tin the Si
i of manhood, that) that to which they loaiui
uhl bo subjected in the college courts.' he inn
Such a tiibuual would, 1 am suio, give liteiar
isfacliou to the professor and the student, a I way
iVould declare impartial and truthful do : .<
ous between the Vacuity and thy alu | c.l, hi
/
and tlio laws?and (hat native sense c
lice implanted in all right-minded na- n
must securo (or it a lasting and hap- s
ccoss. j
ike, then, some prominent and exporiinomber
of the bar (at Columbia;) t<
tiim a salary of eight hundred or a I
and dollars, and require him to hold f
in collego one or two days every week, t
all oll'uuces that may be brought be- c
him by the oilicers ol the college, or ; s
0 students themselves. Nothing, in I i
udgmeut, would be belter calculated ' a
isorvu order and discipline in the col- | t
hau such a court. Its decisions would ! i
quiesced in by the students, because c
uId be an independent tribunal, stand- t
np ulially between them and the Kacand
the professors would find them- v
1 thereby relieved from the unnatural j
in pleasant situation of judging in their | j
:ause, which is so olten the source of j ;
unpopulutily. r
. Waddel is said to have introduced a ' I
dine something like this in his Acado- ! v
it Williuglon, Abbeville I district, at ' f
i were congregated from ISO to -00 e
nls from every | art of the State; and ! t
my of the tierinan Univeisilics, espo- j i
that of li?t hn, having upwards of j \
'student", and 130 professors and leach- I |
lis court has existed with the happiest u
s. c
re, then, would bo iu collego tbe three j
sary elements of a good government |
i trustees acting as a legislative body; s
nlgc as the judiciary, and tho presi- ?
otliccr as the executive. Under such a
ganizalion, 1 vonluio to predict tlio
e of the college would bo smoolbly onaud
the additional expense would be
thau twice rej?aid every year of the
ncc of the institution,
o ne\t point to be considered, is a re- c
ization of the literary department of v
:ollcgc. In my opinion, niuio would | t
i" -1 - "
ue iur uic success ol college Mislruc- c
by the establishment of n few liigh I
uiies in the btato for the preparation I
ung men, than l?y any other means ji
i can, at present, be ndoptod. Still, \
changes may bo introduced io the "
[0 crrii 'tUun lliat might belter adapt 1
ho existing state of things alnong us. 1
aunol concur in the opinion of some, s
.Indents should bo required to take on- t
c branches, and to choose entirely lor s
selves. A plan of study should be 'J
libed, and decrees cotifeired as arc- s
of mciit aud dulincuou. '.l itis I lake t
absolutely iioceveuy :n a spur to the c
ion of the young, and as the only way t
Uting a proper standard of scholarship, r
jnnecc->?ary io re.-ort to the monastic i
c\ ...ill i\ i.i p.j Continental 1
miiie-, such as I'ocfor <>f lMviuityand _
?rof Law, 1 doctor of Medicine and Doc- t
Philosophy. This would be unsuited ?
i state of tilings among u>; but may i
melliing like tLo following bo adoptill
success: )
juiro each student upon entering col- 'I
0 take /' v branches, two of which? t
s'.nne.?, an ancient language, and some J
h in mathematics?shall be prcsCiibed v
w, and the other three be chosen by .1
If. J hit, at the same lime, let a mini- .r
branches bo arranged, as convenient- }
possible, to suit the various callings in i
j which slia!' bo attached the dijrct t
1 College. \\ illioul aiming at more t
the i 'Uu, this may bo done somehow i
f
pUIES FOR THOSE DejAONKD FOR THE \
iky.?Ancient Languages, Moral 1'hi- a
iv, Mental Philosophy, Natuial l'hiiv.
Log and Khctoiic. * r
a Liu. 1. Ancient Language, Mela- (
ami Log . M -ral Philosophy, Politi ?
jiciice, Mathematics. i
u Mi icis; . 1. Ancient Language, i
al Sciences, Moral l'liilosophy, MoLanguage.-.,
Natural History. r
i. l'i.amino.? 1, Ancient Language, r
ultuial Chemistry,Modern Languages, i
Philosophy, Mathematics. \
i; Mi.1.1 imiik lksi.M>s.?1. Ancient I
uage, .Modern Languages, Moral l'hi- i
iv, Mathematics, including iiook- ?
ing, 11:>ioiy and Ceography. #
\i.u\i C'oi ? 1. Ancient l.an- t
?, Modern Languages, Moral I 'I?iloso
I'olil.cal Science, History aiul Ccogra- t
t
lionM add a Lain but i
to serve the purposes of a general t
tiou than with a view to professional <
In addition to the above course*, c
i can be easily arran_;< 1 ior a lei in <>f I
earn, tliey should be entitled to the
ilaure.ite degree of the College. Timj, I
rcr, who may adopt the liist plan j 1
d i. e., pursue the studies of their t
: after the two presetibed by law ? t
1 not bo entitled to tho college de I
but simply to a cctlitlcalo ot proli
f.
1 he iiisti uctions should continue to ho
ic.11 and not altogetherj?n/trtioust as ^
i mail universities. 1 '
I ho pi>.feo-uis should be allowed a 1
fixed salaiy of $ 1,001) or *1,-00, with '
ivilego of charging pupils who take '
brandies as much as ->10, or less il '
c). oose. In thus proportioning tho h
f the professor, to some extent, to his,
nee, ability and learning, his best of- >
trill be tocurod, and thero will bo oi> I 1
lied between himself and the student
t{ Irieit !sh p, which would greatly as . 8
the government of the institution. | 1
In ad lition t > the regular professors, 1
should l?o licensed teachers, who may c
iislructioii in liiecollege. Any young ''
Mj.1' - - - -
?m> iii iy <>M;iiii per Mission from llto , 1
!e-> fur leaching an l lecturing in the
<*. >!ioa!.l lie allowed a small salary of I
<>r>(J0U, with the light to charge pu- li
lio may attend his instruction from n
* each. I'll is will open a field of lite- h
ahor to tlio young ..ion of talent in "
ate, ami will do more for tho can.so of y
ng than any loform which is likely to *
idu. It wiil form among us a class of l<
x nu n, from whom tho collate may >
s be siippiii 1 with able protestors. | ^
Ivieh it.Hil.ii pint, .st.i . it!! be ii-pui - f
the ivunu of the ic..Ionic \c.?i to d
lo'iver monthly public lectures, on some I
ubjecL in his own department, and the
amo privilego should bo extended to the
irivato teachers.
0. A standard of qualification for adinision
into the college should unquestionably <
>e established, and tho age of seventeen
Ixed for the time of admission. Tho objec t
if tho institution is to elevate the standaid
f scholarship. To ctlect this, students
hould havo ample preparation before gain- i
ng admittance into it. Had we the Slate
icadeinies above alluded to, graduation in i
hem would bo a sufficient passport for ad- i
nission into tho college; but in the absence <
if these, an examination test is the only way
o admit. I
To fill out tho tninuluc of this plan, of t
vhich tho above is a mere outline, will re i
juiro labor and reflection, but no great ob- i
cot can bo achieved without these; and l
hev who are in earnest in making some
adical improvements upon our present col- t
ege discipline and instruction, with the l
'iew of re instating the college in public ,
avor, and of making it subserve tho high ,
nds of such an institution, will not be de- i
erred by the degree of energy and wisdom i
equired to ellbct these improvements. One
vho, like youiself, lias long manifested a
irofouud interest in the public education of
?ur Stale, will, I know, come to the task
if rcfoim with a resolution equal to the iiulorlaiice
of the work involved, l.very true
over of the Stale must earnestly desire to
eo tho collego placed once moro upou a
uro basis. Willi the highest esteem, I
iui, your obedient servant. ***
The Involution.
From I'caraou's History uf Faiifn-lJ.
At the commencement of the war, the
ilir.'-ns of Fairfield were about equally didded
in their politics. The Kuropean setlets
said "they had iust arrived in the
to mi try?that they had coiuo in on the
ving's bounty?-ImJ obtained their lands by
lis grant, and it was ungrateful to turu
igainst bis government." Many of the
> irgiuiatis and 1'eunsyIranians turned their
'thoughts on peace." There were but few
talive Carolinians in the district. All,
_ i _ -. t i >?' -
J ... ...... . '.I... II
jiuvic.!, ;it yuiir >ervico." "Well, what do
oil want?" "I want ]?i\ for a pali'li <?1*
.heat eat up l?y tlio British Cavalry." j
Weil, go, sjiiil Cotnwallis, to the t'uinini*ary,
establish your claim, an 1 get your
uuiioy." Johnny th night it appropriate I
o indulge his ??resistible propensity fori
rnnkne.ss, ami before lie left hi . presence I
ie in.jaire.l of I orti.vallis if ho was any Lin
0 the Wullis' down the road.
John Mills, of (Minster, gained admission
? the luarkee. "An.I who, na 1 Cornwal* '
is, are you?" "My l^or.l, replied Mills, do |
01 you remoinber old John Mills, who '
ept your father's nice horse in Ireland."!
Oil, is that you, John? giro us a wag of
our hone, nu help yourself right freel* to i
pirits and water." John drauk, hut failed
o grace his dram with a toast, "And have
on any business with me, niv < ! 1 friend?"
e>, \our la.rjship i understand you
iv?: in si> .v to It ?ng i g ... I in ... v o! \ oti ;
ain't Wliij., and I It a.I it in iu.iiJ to bay
mrti-iui, nvil! IllUOUIll.kOie U lllgs. it was
ouiolhing strange after nil that llio sons of
Ireeu llriu were mostly found on the royal
ido. An apology may be made for them.
L'he people from Antrim had formed themelves
iuto a strong militia company under
he lead of Jaiues l'hillips?elected their
dlicers, and had taken all preliminary.stops
o tender their services to tho colonial and
evolutionary government. While about
a.ssing resolution* to that effect. John
'iiiihps, an Aulrim man, arrived on the
;ioun<l. lie was a person of great audio.iy,
and iu an address to the persons assembld,
perverted llio whole iuto downright torystn.
In tho courso of tho war ninny of tho
A liigs established a character for hetoistn.
hev had to perform a double duty, and
hey nobly performed it. Tho names of
ohn Lyles, (lie w as a liner,) Thomas Woodvaid,
Aramaiius Lyles, Kobert Hancock,
ohn I'ear.son, Benjamin May, John Cook.
Andrew Gray, James Kincaid, Kdward
dartin, John Bell, George I'orry, (with
liany others mentioned in this history,)
?ught to go down with honor and gratiudo
to posterity. Can we love loo much
lie meiuoiy of these good and true, if not
peat men? They were great men, f.>r they
sere patriots and warriors "without fear
md without roproach."
Fairfield was a battle-field. It was rcnn.l'Ail
.I ' - * ' ' *
a.nivcu n?.i? iiiitiiy 01 mo \> liigs establish d
a fame for her 'sin of llie highest order.
Miiuter haiJ: llenjimin May was the bra
re-t man lie ever knew. Among the Tories
iot one hero was to be found. The Whigs
iv 1 Tories met at Mobley's meeting-house,
tnd after the lirsl crack of the idle the To
ies tied to a man. The samo thing occurcd
at a Wlii^y and Tory skirmish at CaldvelTo
place at I<eo*s Creek, nud after the
iiing and the rout of the Tories was perfect,
heir leader, Col. John 1'hillips, was found
iju atted in a briar patch, ami dragged out
i j.1 is >ner. The Court of Appeals of South
arolina have tacitly aflirmcd that the
devil is entitled to his due." According
o that potent decision John l'hillips is enitled
his duo. lie had an unaccountable
nlluence over Cornwallis, and in tliu bettiicient
exercise of that inlluence he obtain
1 pardon for all tho Whigs condemned to
loath at the drum head court, while his
ordship occupied Winusborotlgh.
During the stay of llie llrilish chieftain
ie often sent for John Milling and Watty
lob> rtson to convene with him about matin
connected with his command, lie said )
hey were men of extraordinary sense, and j
io doubt often reminded liini of victorv, re
lilting in no advantage, and triumphs end- !
ug in hard knocks and ultimate disaster. '
Joruwalli-. ordered the country people to I
?e paid liberally for their produce, ami tno |
ested no one in the enjoyineut of civil
ig'nts. With tlio due military ceremonies
aid precautions, he admitted every one to
lis inaikeo. .Johnny > irvico visited him.
Ie was a crank old Irishman. And who,
aid Cornwailis. ar,< vuul .1.?! ? :
to you tbat thai wr s m t il u way to succeed
with tboso people?beside* nothing is mure
uncertain than the fate of battle, and your
Lordship and your brnvu men may change
places with the Whigs now condemned to
die. My son John is one of the damndest
Whigs in the colony, and if your lordship
goes on to hang, and you should afterwards
fall into John's bands, be would bang up
your Lordship like a dog." Johnny's
speech had its possible effect, for nobody
was hung, no property plundered or destroyed.
It would not be worth while to
speak of the spirited attack made by a part
of Sumter's force on tiro British post at
Rocky Mount. Turnbull in command of
that post, with British and Tories, made
out to maintain bis position with inconsiderable
loss. The hope of the attack consistI'd
in tiring a stack of hay and communicating
the flames to the Fort; but the unruly
wind blew the wrong way. And bow of
ten iu life do we find tbat wo fail because
the wind is perverse and intractable. James
Johnston, commonly known as Adjutant
Johnston, was the Whig hero on litis occasion.
lie wore the blade which graced the
side of his grand father at the siege of 1 ?erAfter
the defeat of the British at Black
stocks, and il was incontc&lible in its completeness,
the wreck of the British troops
engaged in that fight dropped down to Mrs.
Dansby's, near Broad river. The poor old
widow was foi lit with ordered out of the
dwelling with her children. She refused
to go; foice was threatened. Shu Lid defiance
to force. "1 will not say what I am;
but you say I am u British subject?and
if so, I bnvo the right of a British subject
until 1 am legally divested by the verdict
of a jury. If you must have a shelter, go
lake the kitchen, and tuaku the most of it. '
Tliey took her at her word?and U<ilish
officers, scented, clad and trimmed oil with
gold lace and decorated with trold timu
p - .. ...... %/?b vi HI' mrj nu<i
out of supplies. '1 lie Commissary, Mr,
Hutchinson, was sent over to 1'lnliji Pearson's,
lio lived near, to ascertain tlie chance
of procuring meat and bread for the men,
and provender for the horses; and if these
necessary articles could be had, to provide
for their transportation to thu destitute
camp, l or one week Washington** men
and horses were abundantly furnished from
Mr. Pearson's farm. These are bright slai>
in the ear* of K lirfiohl an 1 ini.ilii < > I
- - - ?| ll"V IV I'V
tillered to grow dun or escape llic memory
of a grateful posterity.
Tl?e sons of Fairfield have ?Jono much
miitniy service. They fought al the fieh
of Guilford, and on every lull top, am! ii
ercry valley i i their ??wt? Slate. The;
fought for Xorlh Carolina, Georgia, Ten
ncssee, Alabain and Florida. In the las
l>rili?h war, troops from Fairfield, at tin
tap of the drum, inarched for the seaboard
In the Seminole war, they woro oil'to tin
swamps and everglades of Florida as ^nicl
as horse*' heels could bear them; and ii
the Mexican war they distinguished then.
jo-Is c-i at \ era Cm*, A Ivai ado, t 'eiro Gordo
t" ?i111eras, Cliuruhiuco, I 'liC|>iilte|M*o, am
the gales ot Mexico.?Curoi'tmi Time*.
c* 7 ' k
letle*, were glad to tit id an h*v1uiii in poor
old Martiia Datisby's kitchen, .Such i? the
indomitable resolution exerted iu the light
spiiit and in a good cause. Manv of the
British otlicers and Biili.-h soldiers wounded
at Blackstock* died here. Amon? the
icst, and chiefe*t in all that constitutes the
mat) and the hero, was Maj. Moray, lie
was connected with some of the highest
names in old England, and distinguished
for scholarship, kind hearted ness and gallantry.
The day ho was removed from the
kitchen to another world, the pewter ou
the shelf rattled with the excess of his convuUivo
agonies, and ho cried out often,
"coiiio ou, hoys, wo value uone of them hut
Tom Sumter and Will Washington."
Major Morny it pnrliculnrlj mentioned,
because, strange to say, his English frieuds
were never apprized of his fate, and not
thirty years ago inquiries were tnydo after
him. lie sleeps ou the hill lop where he
breathed his last, and the winds have long
since whispered his requiem.
Besides contributing many brave men to
the regiment of llanger*, afterwards to
Sumter and Marion, 1'airQcld sustained the
great causo with a noble spit it iu mnuy
other re?p:cls.
After the drawn battle of Hobkirk's Hill,
which tiio British claimed as a great victory,
hut which, by the by, they had no power
to improve, Green passed ovor the Wateree
at Grave's l'ord and encamped on the
banks of Sawney's Creek. llis vigilant
adversary, Kawdon, crossed the NVatereo
. / s r
:ii x.aimicn, aiia marching up encamped on
the south side of that stream. The creek
was Uot large, but the banks were high,
steep, and impracticable, lloro tlic two nrmics
inot face to face, but both concluded
to leliio without a battle. Uawdou dropped
down lowaids the low country, and
Green with his wretched force, almost na
ked, swarming with vermin, and scrawny
with famine, look post at Mr. Keubvu liar
rison's. They needed every thing. They
tented under the blue aich of heaven, slackened
nothing iu resolve and purpose, but
looked manfully forward to bnppier times
and brighter days. Mr. llarrisou had
been with Sumter iu his perils, his partial
success and his defeats, lie thought like
a soldier and fell like a man. lie ordered
his people to forward to the army bread
siutIs, vegetables, fat cattle and sheep in
plenty. Grecu remained at hit bivouac for
a whole week, living on the hospitality of
Mr. Harrison. When about to leave, having
tio strong box, lie tendered to Mr. Harrison
a certificate for the bountiful supplies
he had furnished. No, said Mr. Harrison,
"wo are engaged in the tame great cause;
jou are welcome to all you have received;
your success will be my pay."
In one of his marches through the up
lauds, Washington's corps of cavalry halted
at lugleinati'a Mill, on Wilkinson's, some
tunes called Owens' Creek. lbs object
most piobably was to watch the motions of
the British Colonel, Itiuis, who was posted
at Schurrer's Kerry, afterwards called Slrotiter's,
now called Bud's, or llugley's.
Ashinrrlitn win wliolli- ?i?t ..t' I
Despatch to the hast India House.
Caixi ita, September 0, 1857.?Ovner*!
llavelock still at Cawupore, waiting for r?- >
iiiforcemeiits, and Lucknow still unrelieved.
The OOtli Regiment, about balf the Fusileers,
and a nine pounder battery, in all
1,270 men, were at Allabnbad on the 3d
or 4tli; COO infantry and the battery wero
immediately pushed forward toward Oawnpore,
and Ueu. Outran! was to follow with
i the remainder of the infantry on the uight
\ of the 6lh instant. lie expects to join
llavelock on the 11th or 12lb, and has directed
the latter to have everything ready
for crossing the river on his arrival; mean*
: while we have intelligence from Lucknow
up to the 2d instant, when the garrison
I were in good spirits and sufficiently provided
with food. They had recently repulsed
a determined assault, und had disabled the
only heavy|guus belonging to tbo assail an Is.
The gariison have been told to hold out
to extremity, and they are now confident
that they will be relieved about the middle
of thi* month.
The liewah troops, detached as reported
in last message to intercept the Diuapore
mutineers, were not in time to arrest their
progress; the latter crossed the Toum river
about the 20lli, after some deleiilioti by
high ih'od, and their march has been marked
by plunder. They give out they are
going to Delhi. Tho rebel Koocr Sing tied
I from Kohtas about the 27th or 28tb uit.,
I and sought refuge in Kewnli territory. The
Rajah warned him otf, whereupon most of
his sepoy adherents deserted him. A column,
consisting of a wing of the 53d
Queen's, 27th Madras N. hand some guns,
Ictl Ranegungo on the 27lh ull., and will
clear the trunk road. The Nepani Durbar
lots given 1,0U0 (iootkhas to aid in the occupation
of Champaruu and the distiicts on
the Kit llank of the Ganges, which are endangered
by the abandonment of Goruekpore
by the civil officers. It is thought
that the force stated, which left Kalmandhor
on the lGlh or 14th tilt., will suffice to
lestoro in those districts.
Uur latest accouuts from Delhi extend to
the 20th uit. The 1'unjaub reinforcements
i ??. i~ ? *
..ivuiiuuvu 111 inn ittol message reaCllCil
camp on 14th nil., and inure recently an
auxiliary forco of about two thousand and
six hundred men frum Cashmere has
inarched lu join iho force. It is expected
to do good service. A new siege traiu froui
Kerozpore is expected by the end of August,
and iho Chief Commissioner of the
I'unjaub calculates that by the middle of
this month the force before Delhi will be
little short of 15,000 men. This estimate
may be somewhat loo high. There baa
been the usual skirmishing, with the aatue
result. On the 12th ult. a battery which
was troublesome was taken; and on the
25lb llrigadier Nicholson attacked the iuaurgenU,
who were trying in a large body
to gel to our rear, entirely defeated aud
routed them and took 12 guns, with all the
ammunition, e'juipngo, and the baggage
of the euciiiy.
The troops are in good health and spirits,
wounded doing well, supplies abuudant. It
is said that sotuo overtures are made by, or
on behalf of, the King. They will not be
entertained. The garrisons have been levying
contributions in the neighborhood of
Agra and the northwestern provinces.
The latest intelligence from Agra is to
the 25ih August. All still in the fort and
tiro general health good. Nothing particular
had occurred, except an expedition to
1 uttennoro llukrce. and nnoilmrto lTo?r???
which latter defeated tho insurgents, but
was not strung enough to re-occupy Alljguib.
The 1 urruckabad N await is said to
he on the road between that place and
Cawnpuro with three regiments of mutinous
infantry, and cue of cavalry; he will
be dealt with by Geu. llarelock's column,
after relief of Luckuow. On tho deserting
of Guruckporo, by the civil officers a Chuckladar
from Oude took possession. Anarchy
and confusion in the district, and Chumparun
consequently iu some danger, as mentioned
elsewhere. Azimgurgh and Jouupore
have been occupied by the Goorknn*,
who marched from Goruckporu with the
civil utlicers of native states. The mutineers
of Gwalior Contingent, joined by
those fiom Iudote and Mhow, reckoned at
4,u00 infantry, 000 cavalry and 30 guns,
aie still believed to bo at Gwalior, held in
check, it is rcportoJ, by Scindia.
The political agent, Major Macpherson,
writing fioin Agra on the 7th ult., expresses
a confident belief in his loyal and friendly
attachment to us. The peace of Ltuopal is
imperilled by the open ruuliuy of the Contingent.
All the lhiudlecund chiefs continue
to behave well, as also the Ncwab of
Jowooh and tho petty slates of Dhar Dewass,
etc., none having openly revolted except
Anijliera. In Kajpocua, the native
chief are quiet, and apparently true. The
Conduct of the Nizam's Government at Hyderabad
is admirable. The Moliurruin festival
passed oil' without any commotion or
disturbance whatever. l'utliah and all 1ns
Sutlej cliieU coniiuuo in active and zealous
co operation, lioolab Singh, of Cashmere,
died on the 2d of August; his successor is,
i u ho was, our atauuehest adherent.
1 Intelligence from l'unjaub to the 15th of
August. Ihiujaub and Cis Sulliej Slates
! <juitu tranquil. Large local lotion are ho1
ing raised to supply the place of the rein1
forccments gone to Delhi, (hiolab Singh,
' of Cashmere, before his death, promised
seventy-five lucles to t!io si* percent. loan.
and about ;J0 were expected in Cis Sutlrj.
It will, probably, draw dourly a crare, w liicli
is the Oilimated want. Tho disarmed 26;U
I Native Infantry, at Lahore, murdered their
>' commanding officer on the 80lh of July,
and broke away from the cantonment. Tlio
- troops sent in pursuit look the wrong road,
t but the mutineer* wero followed by the
? police and the people of the country, and
. in the first dry# of August were either dea
f troyed or captured and executed; hardly a
c man has escaped. Fugitives of the 6.V.W
i ' N. I. at IVshawur, ha? o been srijtod an J
; similarly dealt with. Those vigorous wt*a?. ': J
ures will probably deter others from similar
II attempts. fi I'. Fui'tdWroMt,
i bcwtousry to the Uov?iuiueiit of li.dm
I * -? i