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ll . jm > *" THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. +f?* % by gavis & tbimmieb. dowjlffr to smttfyent iii(jl)ts, politics, ^igriculturc, aritr iitisccllumj. 62 peb annum. ' % vol xiv spartanburg, s. c., thursday, november 1857. ~ not38." I III! -1- . ? rput1 n A T> f\T TUT A en * nm ??? l> ? !" 1 vaMViJin XX orXLAlAH. BY CAVIST&T TrimmIER. T 0. P, VERNON Associate Editor, Prioe Two Dollars per annum in advance, or .50 at the end of the year. If not paid until after the your expiree $3.00. Payment will be considered in advanco if innde Within three months. No subscription taken for less than six months. Money may be remitted through postmasters at our risk. Advertisements inserted at the usuul rates, and contracts inado en reasonable terms. The Spartan circulates largely over this and adjoining districts, ond otters an ndinirulle medium to our friends to reaeb customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Kijuily, continually on hand or printed to order. CAROLINA SPARTAN'. ORIGINAL ESSAYS. Spartanburg Agricultural Society. REPORT ONllANURES. Your Committee aro at a loss to know on what branch of this prolific subject to write. The kind of manure, the manner of j tnol'tnrv ntt/1 ll?/* tnnil a aT n?\i\ltrt?il i am Mttrvlif I mnriu^i i?uu vuv iuv/uu v? rtj'j'iivmivuj ""q"1 aacli well engage our atteulion for an hour, and a report three hours1 long would bo more tedious than profitable. Wo must therefore necessarily bo general in our remarks. We concur unanimously that (lie most important matter about manures is to have enough of it, of some kind or other; hence how to make it the cheapest and most abuudantly becomes of the greatest importance, while applying it to the land is comparatively a small matter. We do not deem it necessary to enter into a learned chemical analysis of manures; this we leave to Vanquelio, Petzholdt, Thaer, Liebig, and other agricultural cliem ista; as what is contained in them is not of as much importance to the farmer as how to mako it aud use it. A knowledge of the constituent elements of manures would ho of liltlo value without n corresponding knowledge of the constituent elements of the soil aud atmosphere, as all plants derive their sustenance both fiom the soil aud atmosphere; aud in otder to know what kind of tnanuio to put upon any given soil, you must know what quantity of those elcrncuU uccossaiy to vegetable life is contained in that soil, and what is want in<r m order to ?pr'r eu<^ illfliiuros as will supply ilio doficieuey needed. ? The principal elements of plants arc car- ^ bon and nitrogen, liumus and ammonia. ^ The most of their carbon and nitrogen is ? c derived from the atmosphere, and hence the h best manures are those which contain the f greatest quantity of lntUfa and ammonia. ? liumus is decomposed vegetable matter, while ammonia is tho principal ihir.o it of animal luanutcs. Pure ammonia is destructive of vegetable life, and therefore those manures which have loo much ammonia are not so good, unless mixed with liumus or c earth. The best and most expeditious mode L of making manure, therefore, within the j, means of every farmer, is by mixing his t vegetable and animal matters together, viz: I His leaves, straw, stalks, <kc., with liis sia- ' bio manure, to which a little lime added V . . . s will expedite decomposition, and improve n bis manure. f In a few words, therefore, if a farmer ' would make the largest quantity of manure possible in a given lime, he thould pen his * cows, hogs, sheep, and horses, every night daring the winter, and keep their stalls and [ pons constantly covered with dry straw and c leaves, and whenever they get so tilled up ' as to require cleaning out, takeout the ^ leaves or straw, mixed as they will l?o with h manure and saturated with urine, and throw t them iii pens in the lot or in the fields w hero ' ( the manure w ill be needed; and if you have it, or can get it conveniently, mix a little ! liiuo with it, cover it over with earth, and t leave it exposed to the rains. In this way |, * any farmer may make every milk cow make f manure enough in thu winter to pay for her 1 food during the whole winter. The prac- j.1 lice of burning the leaves in the forest is ? ruinous, while the custom of burning oil the s leaves in a new ground is as unwise. If c the loaves be too thick on the ground to plow, it will pay the farmer to haul them . to pens, and let them remain thcro until b they rot; or if lie will put them on his lots y or stables they will pay bettor. Wheat I straw is worth throe times 'lr marketable ! 11 valuo lo any fanner w ho has poor land, j ^ yviki wno Lias not? it lio will put up liis milk cow overy night and throw a little f, dry straw in hor stable, she will not only be c easier kept, give more and butler milk, but v will inako 8 or 10 dollars' woilh of tannine ' out of every 4-horso wagon load of wheat jj straw. The manure thus made, when well , h rotted, contains tho proper proportions of tl the elements necessary for vegetable life, ? and may be applied, not only with safety. I ^ but profit, to all tlie crops grown in this' |, country. tl Straw, oak, or pine leaves, put up in ma- 11 nuro pens or piles, and covered with earth 1 as directed, w ill rot in two or three months; and all made any timo before the Ibt of i| January may be used in the ensuing crop I ai uy wuai wo win uusignato internal application, that is, by putting it either broadcast and turning it under, or drilling it in the furrows or hills of tho corn or cotton and ?|l covering it up; and all made in this way ^1' before the first of March may bo used by ^ external application, that is, on corn around th< the stalk after it lias couic up and been th< plowed ouce, which is as good a plan to lai 09? manure corn as any other. A double hand- ^ ful of woll-roUed compost nianuro to each liill of corn just bofoio the second plowing, (j? to bo covered up by tho plow, will increase vi( the product of tho corn from 50 to 100 per su? cent. The opinion of your committee is, that p the most profitable mode of applying ma- tin uuro in tho hill or drill, eithor to corn or ty, cotton, is as follows: In January or Februaiy, in fact as early as it cnu bo done, after tho previous crop is gathered, lay oil" your land by opening a furrow with a twister, tin running back and forth two furrows in the bei same row, and tlicu follow with a subsoil 1>U plow, and put two furrows with a one-horse subsoil plow, or one with a two-horso *ub- t^j soil, then scatter your manure along tho op drill as thick as you havo it to put on, not t'1" loss than 12 or 20 bushels to the acre; coror this with two twister furrows and lot it re- .i - nil main uuli! you are ready to plant, and thon nit apen with a long narrow scooter or bull po tonguo, which will stir up the manure aud mix it with the soil?drop your cotton or ^ :oru in this furrow; and if cotton, cover with j,r< i cotton covcrer; aud if corn, cover with two uu "urrows with the subsoil ono-horso plow; 1:11 md your committee will insure au ample reward for the labor employed. The subject of greeu manuics is loo mt much neglected in our district, and your be< lommittcc are so limited iu their experience hol >n the subject that we can only express tho ^ inn conviction, fiotn the analogy of nature ?nd the theory and cxpericuce of others, hat tho i?ea vino may bo successfully and cri irofitablv used as a green manure, and or * At" vould earnestly recommeud every farmer ||( alio lias the means to try the experiment, cX, is we are sure they can possibly lose no- po liing by tho operation. Sow iheiu broad- cu> :ast, about half a bushel to tho acre, and urn them under with a turning plow (and t||( bllow with a sub-oil plow in liiu same lur- \V;i oxv) just beforo frost. or \ our committee ran not conclude without f,,J< lrging upon every farmer the importance >f devoting more liino and attention to the liu ubiect of miilinroa >= ll.?? ? I : i- ' _ ...uj It^niu Ik III l:ic lonneclion with liill aido ditching tlio only wli iUte and speody means of improving and 1,0 idvancing tlic agriculiural interest of our j lounlry. Respectfully submitted, is j J. 1). WlilCillT, Chairman. sot un The Origin of the Bank of England. nu! So Into as tlio time of the Restoration, ivory merchant kept a strong box in his , inn house; and when nn acceptance was ls,c iresented to him, told down tlio Crowns i''1 ind Carolines on his own counter. (ion- ,l 1 lotucn locked up thcii gold in their country . iouses, or travelled with it in their conches. 1,1 1'hese were the halcyon days of thieves, c"' vhen a burglar would often be able, after a 111,1 ingle night's work, to retire with a fortune; ? 11 ? ind highway robbery was a lucrative proessiou, whose adepts wero styled 4*<?entlc- , nen of the Road." l>y the end of Charles ll's icign it was ^ liscovcred that it was both safer and more onvenienl to have agents to keep the cash jj; >f commercial houses. This now branch of ^ uisiness fell naturally into the hands of the Goldsmiths, who were nccustomcd to traffic argely in the precious metals, and who had ^ nulls where masses of bullion could lie se- I mo from lite and robbers. It was at the j hops of the goldsmiths of bombard street j bat all the payments in coin were made. i I > -i i ?r:i llier traders gave and received nothing i m ?ut paper. ;U) Of courso the goldsmiths, from being lie treasurers, soon become the masters of . ho citv. > _ ?.uu..niN.i im-io me money- I orders. (foUlsmillis furnished the fund* or all now enterprises. A goldsmith's note lj(( assed current on 'Change lor cash. The r tobility had to court the favor of the gold- ' " millts, and Koyalty itself, when a Govern- i.(J rent loan was needed, privately summoned .j onie of the wealthy goldsmiths to its audi- J nee chamber. cj ( The same reasons that led the communi- 0f y to gather their cash into fifty vaults, in- 0f lead of leaving it scattered among a thou- jnv and, soon led them to see that it would ho un, till belter to keep it in one, instead of fifty. or n W illiam the Third's lime the matter was vor reely discussed, and in 1C9-1 it took the wj, efinite shape of a plan for a Nation 1 scj, >ank. I u c Of courso so great a change was not cf- din ;ctcd without hitter opposition. A largo me lass denounced the "bank of Knglaiul" the dlh much violence and viudicliveness. the ories declared that Jlauks were republican sch rstitutioiis, and predicted the ruin of the cor, ronarchy. "Whigs <leclared it would bo an the istruinent of lfoyal tyranny worse than act je Star Chambor, and predicted the ruin feci f Knglisb liberality. The nobility suspect- me d it to be a scheme to elevate traders above coi ie J'oorage, and the poor were made to am cliuve it a new device to grind them to out to dust. Nevertheless, the Hank whs os- ing tblishod, and gained popular favo, less by tics rgumenls than by its manifest convenience wo ...? i. i 11vi mini}, ii uvea ana grew and pros-1 t mod, and for a hundred and fifty yoar? , sati 10 wealth of England has lived and grown J ll \ id prospered with it. j u*i ?> f rom tlio South Carolinian. dents The South Carolina College. ofJus Tito following whs addressed to the Govtor by one ot the Alumni of ihu South roliua College, who has travelled on tho encej Europe, as an otl'oriug for tho Continont I nofitof his loved Alma Mater. It contains ft a substance of a previous conversation on courl a subject of college reform. We have ob- ^ lr ned it for our columns, in order that it ^ ty be more gauerally circulated: t|( ) 11 is Excellency 11. 1\ IV. Alls ton. n,y j Duah Sin: In compliance with your ie- t0 est, I have hastily thrown together my |c?c \ iws on the subject of college reform, and ac ch as they are, 1 respectfully submit them it Wo your consideration. inrr ii 1 repeat what I said \o you in converaa- ulty, ns?it matters little what name we give selves 3 institution, whether college or universi- und t provided thero bo a proper arrangomeut own < discipline and of study. their In providing for tho success of an insti- L)r ion of learning, two things mainly are to discip considered: first, the provisions made for my i discipline aud government of the inein- whicl rs; secondly, the methods of instruction stride rsued therein, or the appliances fur the iu m; luisition of knowledge. cially it is chiefly in referenco to tlsc former, 1 'jtou*0 nk, that our college lias failed to dovol- crs, tl tho grand results, which, fiom its fino result iowineuts, might reasonably have been H?> [lectcd from it. It has been found want- tiecos: ; in tho vciy element, whcli, above all- ?ihc ngs, constituted good govcriimeiit: 1 the jt ian a community of feeling and of pur- ding so between the governors and the govern- an or ; between the professors and the students, Coui>. eso seem to have exhibited towards each ward, ler a constant antagonism. Little im- moro jsseJ by their mutual obligations to pro- existe >to each other's welfare, thev have outer- Tli ned toward each other feelings of itidif- organ euce and independence, mid for neatly the i ty years liavo clashed in their conduct, to ho do sir mutual injury, and to the gieal detii- lion I lut of the institution of which they have acadc en constituent parts. It needs no pLilo- ?_?! voi :>hic pen to picdict that no change for the whicl Uer cau occur in future, unless soino po-i- some o reform ? new elements of discipline? cc lo? all l>e introduced. it to t It is a well-established principle in gov- ] c ltncut, whether as applied to small bodies that s large ones, that there must l?c one po\v- ]y t/,i to make laws?a separate one to judge iheiir am?aud another to superintend their prcsci edition. Among a people accustomed to ward litical liberty, no gowiiiinent can be sue- to be isful without such a distribution of power, nmbil id the principle is as applicable to the of sec liege as to the State. A large number ol It is i > iilltiiiuA. committed w iltitli the College d g:C ills Lave personal concern with some oti? tmive other of ih- 1 acuity; and we could us 1 ?ocU >n expect a community of citizeu*. to be tor of isfied with the administration of justice, to tin. lich authorizes the oHended to sit in jutlg- not si :iit over the offender, as to expect a satis . d wi lory administialion of the college laws ];<;< ion tho professor ia allowed to go reeking lege t in the scene of personal insult, to judge for in: J pass sentence upon tho student who Prune * offended him. fcjuch an administration py la' ftgainst tho course of nature and of reft- hiiuse i, and can never succeed, though applied Pcr ol dor the most favorable circumstances, it 1-,* as one of the great principles of government life, p il of public liberty, thai an impartial tri- of the nal must stand between the injured and than ' ! accused?and it is another great princi- thus; !, that tho law should l>o executed in a Su ssionlcss spiiit, according to tho rules of Mininorciful justice. losopl The first thing, then, to Pe sought after losopl establishing a proper discipline for the To lege, is a siipei\i-ing executive otlicor f"t phvsh liters not whether lie be called president, cal S incellor, proctor or rcctoi,) wlmse duty l o shall be. iu coniiinerimi wi11. ii... r ' 1 v' r -j ..v. itiv * iivuuj | .> illll! have an ova lo ilie Conduct and diligence dcrn llic students, and who, removed as tarns lo ssihlo from all temptations to partiality, Agric jiild seo that tlic discipline of the college Moral properly and wisely carried into edict. J o a duties should he well defined, and he Langt >u!d lia\o no connection with the lileia !<>-,(>pl exercises of the institution. In all ordi- \ Keepi ry offences, presenting few dillicullies and (. juiting little or no investigation ot law guag< ii of fails, the judgment of this ollicer phv, 1 11 sufli ce; hut graver matters frequently i phv. so, such ns rebellions, insults to profess- 1 si , secret violations of the college laws, Are., m >te which it is often necessary to investigate ( educa d decide judicially and impartially. ends. In the second place, then, there should; whi.J a competent court in the college, with a ,"ur ) Ige at the head of it, having regularly j l'acc. lined powets, with authority to make a howo1 iroiigh legal investigation of ai! otlonce-> name iiinst the laws, and to administer such clioio ni>hincuts a-> the law may presetioc.. shouh hjccling the student to the strict disci o^-i uo of lno, will not, 1 know, suit the tasti eictic; some who rely altogether upon the prin ' J lo of honor in governing the young men diale. the coll ego; but what, I ask, is the h.is'.s in <ii all true honor hut proper obaci vancc of JI. i\s framed upon the principles of justice | small 1 honor? To what is the appeal of lion- the pi made, if not to (ho ohseivanco of those ' their y laws? Certainly not to the mere they ims and caprice of a young man's con* | pav o slice? This would he anything else than d.ligc ode of honor. A proper spirit of suhoi foil-. \ intion to law is worth more lo the young tahiisl n in Kepiihlican (loverinuout, than all a tie ? i vapory notions of gentlemanly conduct si>t in iy can possibly acquire in the so called i. ools of honor. Hut true gentlemanly there I<1 liot is nri.r i.t.a I....- ... 1 .1 ? ... ? . ?. ...ava IIIU lilW. It |ji ?ivc i i offspring of n native generosity of chai man i or, which 111 o law can budd oul ami | or I'msH L, but can never destroy. i?esidcs, young culvg n, when they coiuo forward into life, aro *o0l) npellcd to obey the laws of tlieii country pi! > w I to observe tbo forms and judgments of to Sit 'courts. What butter preparatory tram- i.iry I ; could tlioy liavo for those important tin the Si i of manhood, that) that to which they loaiui uhl bo subjected in the college courts.' he inn Such a tiibuual would, 1 am suio, give liteiar isfacliou to the professor and the student, a I way iVould declare impartial and truthful do : .< ous between the Vacuity and thy alu | c.l, hi / and tlio laws?and (hat native sense c lice implanted in all right-minded na- n must securo (or it a lasting and hap- s ccoss. j ike, then, some prominent and exporiinomber of the bar (at Columbia;) t< tiim a salary of eight hundred or a I and dollars, and require him to hold f in collego one or two days every week, t all oll'uuces that may be brought be- c him by the oilicers ol the college, or ; s 0 students themselves. Nothing, in I i udgmeut, would be belter calculated ' a isorvu order and discipline in the col- | t hau such a court. Its decisions would ! i quiesced in by the students, because c uId be an independent tribunal, stand- t np ulially between them and the Kacand the professors would find them- v 1 thereby relieved from the unnatural j in pleasant situation of judging in their | j :ause, which is so olten the source of j ; unpopulutily. r . Waddel is said to have introduced a ' I dine something like this in his Acado- ! v it Williuglon, Abbeville I district, at ' f i were congregated from ISO to -00 e nls from every | art of the State; and ! t my of the tierinan Univeisilics, espo- j i that of li?t hn, having upwards of j \ 'student", and 130 professors and leach- I | lis court has existed with the happiest u s. c re, then, would bo iu collego tbe three j sary elements of a good government | i trustees acting as a legislative body; s nlgc as the judiciary, and tho presi- ? otliccr as the executive. Under such a ganizalion, 1 vonluio to predict tlio e of the college would bo smoolbly onaud the additional expense would be thau twice rej?aid every year of the ncc of the institution, o ne\t point to be considered, is a re- c ization of the literary department of v :ollcgc. In my opinion, niuio would | t i" -1 - " ue iur uic success ol college Mislruc- c by the establishment of n few liigh I uiies in the btato for the preparation I ung men, than l?y any other means ji i can, at present, be ndoptod. Still, \ changes may bo introduced io the " [0 crrii 'tUun lliat might belter adapt 1 ho existing state of things alnong us. 1 aunol concur in the opinion of some, s .Indents should bo required to take on- t c branches, and to choose entirely lor s selves. A plan of study should be 'J libed, and decrees cotifeired as arc- s of mciit aud dulincuou. '.l itis I lake t absolutely iioceveuy :n a spur to the c ion of the young, and as the only way t Uting a proper standard of scholarship, r jnnecc->?ary io re.-ort to the monastic i c\ ...ill i\ i.i p.j Continental 1 miiie-, such as I'ocfor <>f lMviuityand _ ?rof Law, 1 doctor of Medicine and Doc- t Philosophy. This would be unsuited ? i state of tilings among u>; but may i melliing like tLo following bo adoptill success: ) juiro each student upon entering col- 'I 0 take /' v branches, two of which? t s'.nne.?, an ancient language, and some J h in mathematics?shall be prcsCiibed v w, and the other three be chosen by .1 If. J hit, at the same lime, let a mini- .r branches bo arranged, as convenient- } possible, to suit the various callings in i j which slia!' bo attached the dijrct t 1 College. \\ illioul aiming at more t the i 'Uu, this may bo done somehow i f pUIES FOR THOSE DejAONKD FOR THE \ iky.?Ancient Languages, Moral 1'hi- a iv, Mental Philosophy, Natuial l'hiiv. Log and Khctoiic. * r a Liu. 1. Ancient Language, Mela- ( ami Log . M -ral Philosophy, Politi ? jiciice, Mathematics. i u Mi icis; . 1. Ancient Language, i al Sciences, Moral l'liilosophy, MoLanguage.-., Natural History. r i. l'i.amino.? 1, Ancient Language, r ultuial Chemistry,Modern Languages, i Philosophy, Mathematics. \ i; Mi.1.1 imiik lksi.M>s.?1. Ancient I uage, .Modern Languages, Moral l'hi- i iv, Mathematics, including iiook- ? ing, 11:>ioiy and Ceography. # \i.u\i C'oi ? 1. Ancient l.an- t ?, Modern Languages, Moral I 'I?iloso I'olil.cal Science, History aiul Ccogra- t t lionM add a Lain but i to serve the purposes of a general t tiou than with a view to professional < In addition to the above course*, c i can be easily arran_;< 1 ior a lei in <>f I earn, tliey should be entitled to the ilaure.ite degree of the College. Timj, I rcr, who may adopt the liist plan j 1 d i. e., pursue the studies of their t : after the two presetibed by law ? t 1 not bo entitled to tho college de I but simply to a cctlitlcalo ot proli f. 1 he iiisti uctions should continue to ho ic.11 and not altogetherj?n/trtioust as ^ i mail universities. 1 ' I ho pi>.feo-uis should be allowed a 1 fixed salaiy of $ 1,001) or *1,-00, with ' ivilego of charging pupils who take ' brandies as much as ->10, or less il ' c). oose. In thus proportioning tho h f the professor, to some extent, to his, nee, ability and learning, his best of- > trill be tocurod, and thero will bo oi> I 1 lied between himself and the student t{ Irieit !sh p, which would greatly as . 8 the government of the institution. | 1 In ad lition t > the regular professors, 1 should l?o licensed teachers, who may c iislructioii in liiecollege. Any young '' Mj.1' - - - - ?m> iii iy <>M;iiii per Mission from llto , 1 !e-> fur leaching an l lecturing in the <*. >!ioa!.l lie allowed a small salary of I <>r>(J0U, with the light to charge pu- li lio may attend his instruction from n * each. I'll is will open a field of lite- h ahor to tlio young ..ion of talent in " ate, ami will do more for tho can.so of y ng than any loform which is likely to * idu. It wiil form among us a class of l< x nu n, from whom tho collate may > s be siippiii 1 with able protestors. | ^ Ivieh it.Hil.ii pint, .st.i . it!! be ii-pui - f the ivunu of the ic..Ionic \c.?i to d lo'iver monthly public lectures, on some I ubjecL in his own department, and the amo privilego should bo extended to the irivato teachers. 0. A standard of qualification for adinision into the college should unquestionably < >e established, and tho age of seventeen Ixed for the time of admission. Tho objec t if tho institution is to elevate the standaid f scholarship. To ctlect this, students hould havo ample preparation before gain- i ng admittance into it. Had we the Slate icadeinies above alluded to, graduation in i hem would bo a sufficient passport for ad- i nission into tho college; but in the absence < if these, an examination test is the only way o admit. I To fill out tho tninuluc of this plan, of t vhich tho above is a mere outline, will re i juiro labor and reflection, but no great ob- i cot can bo achieved without these; and l hev who are in earnest in making some adical improvements upon our present col- t ege discipline and instruction, with the l 'iew of re instating the college in public , avor, and of making it subserve tho high , nds of such an institution, will not be de- i erred by the degree of energy and wisdom i equired to ellbct these improvements. One vho, like youiself, lias long manifested a irofouud interest in the public education of ?ur Stale, will, I know, come to the task if rcfoim with a resolution equal to the iiulorlaiice of the work involved, l.very true over of the Stale must earnestly desire to eo tho collego placed once moro upou a uro basis. Willi the highest esteem, I iui, your obedient servant. *** The Involution. From I'caraou's History uf Faiifn-lJ. At the commencement of the war, the ilir.'-ns of Fairfield were about equally didded in their politics. The Kuropean setlets said "they had iust arrived in the to mi try?that they had coiuo in on the ving's bounty?-ImJ obtained their lands by lis grant, and it was ungrateful to turu igainst bis government." Many of the > irgiuiatis and 1'eunsyIranians turned their 'thoughts on peace." There were but few talive Carolinians in the district. All, _ i _ -. t i >?' - J ... ...... . '.I... II jiuvic.!, ;it yuiir >ervico." "Well, what do oil want?" "I want ]?i\ for a pali'li <?1* .heat eat up l?y tlio British Cavalry." j Weil, go, sjiiil Cotnwallis, to the t'uinini*ary, establish your claim, an 1 get your uuiioy." Johnny th night it appropriate I o indulge his ??resistible propensity fori rnnkne.ss, ami before lie left hi . presence I ie in.jaire.l of I orti.vallis if ho was any Lin 0 the Wullis' down the road. John Mills, of (Minster, gained admission ? the luarkee. "An.I who, na 1 Cornwal* ' is, are you?" "My l^or.l, replied Mills, do | 01 you remoinber old John Mills, who ' ept your father's nice horse in Ireland."! Oil, is that you, John? giro us a wag of our hone, nu help yourself right freel* to i pirits and water." John drauk, hut failed o grace his dram with a toast, "And have on any business with me, niv < ! 1 friend?" e>, \our la.rjship i understand you iv?: in si> .v to It ?ng i g ... I in ... v o! \ oti ; ain't Wliij., and I It a.I it in iu.iiJ to bay mrti-iui, nvil! IllUOUIll.kOie U lllgs. it was ouiolhing strange after nil that llio sons of Ireeu llriu were mostly found on the royal ido. An apology may be made for them. L'he people from Antrim had formed themelves iuto a strong militia company under he lead of Jaiues l'hillips?elected their dlicers, and had taken all preliminary.stops o tender their services to tho colonial and evolutionary government. While about a.ssing resolution* to that effect. John 'iiiihps, an Aulrim man, arrived on the ;ioun<l. lie was a person of great audio.iy, and iu an address to the persons assembld, perverted llio whole iuto downright torystn. In tho courso of tho war ninny of tho A liigs established a character for hetoistn. hev had to perform a double duty, and hey nobly performed it. Tho names of ohn Lyles, (lie w as a liner,) Thomas Woodvaid, Aramaiius Lyles, Kobert Hancock, ohn I'ear.son, Benjamin May, John Cook. Andrew Gray, James Kincaid, Kdward dartin, John Bell, George I'orry, (with liany others mentioned in this history,) ?ught to go down with honor and gratiudo to posterity. Can we love loo much lie meiuoiy of these good and true, if not peat men? They were great men, f.>r they sere patriots and warriors "without fear md without roproach." Fairfield was a battle-field. It was rcnn.l'Ail .I ' - * ' ' * a.nivcu n?.i? iiiitiiy 01 mo \> liigs establish d a fame for her 'sin of llie highest order. Miiuter haiJ: llenjimin May was the bra re-t man lie ever knew. Among the Tories iot one hero was to be found. The Whigs iv 1 Tories met at Mobley's meeting-house, tnd after the lirsl crack of the idle the To ies tied to a man. The samo thing occurcd at a Wlii^y and Tory skirmish at CaldvelTo place at I<eo*s Creek, nud after the iiing and the rout of the Tories was perfect, heir leader, Col. John 1'hillips, was found iju atted in a briar patch, ami dragged out i j.1 is >ner. The Court of Appeals of South arolina have tacitly aflirmcd that the devil is entitled to his due." According o that potent decision John l'hillips is enitled his duo. lie had an unaccountable nlluence over Cornwallis, and in tliu bettiicient exercise of that inlluence he obtain 1 pardon for all tho Whigs condemned to loath at the drum head court, while his ordship occupied Winusborotlgh. During the stay of llie llrilish chieftain ie often sent for John Milling and Watty lob> rtson to convene with him about matin connected with his command, lie said ) hey were men of extraordinary sense, and j io doubt often reminded liini of victorv, re lilting in no advantage, and triumphs end- ! ug in hard knocks and ultimate disaster. ' Joruwalli-. ordered the country people to I ?e paid liberally for their produce, ami tno | ested no one in the enjoyineut of civil ig'nts. With tlio due military ceremonies aid precautions, he admitted every one to lis inaikeo. .Johnny > irvico visited him. Ie was a crank old Irishman. And who, aid Cornwailis. ar,< vuul .1.?! ? : to you tbat thai wr s m t il u way to succeed with tboso people?beside* nothing is mure uncertain than the fate of battle, and your Lordship and your brnvu men may change places with the Whigs now condemned to die. My son John is one of the damndest Whigs in the colony, and if your lordship goes on to hang, and you should afterwards fall into John's bands, be would bang up your Lordship like a dog." Johnny's speech had its possible effect, for nobody was hung, no property plundered or destroyed. It would not be worth while to speak of the spirited attack made by a part of Sumter's force on tiro British post at Rocky Mount. Turnbull in command of that post, with British and Tories, made out to maintain bis position with inconsiderable loss. The hope of the attack consistI'd in tiring a stack of hay and communicating the flames to the Fort; but the unruly wind blew the wrong way. And bow of ten iu life do we find tbat wo fail because the wind is perverse and intractable. James Johnston, commonly known as Adjutant Johnston, was the Whig hero on litis occasion. lie wore the blade which graced the side of his grand father at the siege of 1 ?erAfter the defeat of the British at Black stocks, and il was incontc&lible in its completeness, the wreck of the British troops engaged in that fight dropped down to Mrs. Dansby's, near Broad river. The poor old widow was foi lit with ordered out of the dwelling with her children. She refused to go; foice was threatened. Shu Lid defiance to force. "1 will not say what I am; but you say I am u British subject?and if so, I bnvo the right of a British subject until 1 am legally divested by the verdict of a jury. If you must have a shelter, go lake the kitchen, and tuaku the most of it. ' Tliey took her at her word?and U<ilish officers, scented, clad and trimmed oil with gold lace and decorated with trold timu p - .. ...... %/?b vi HI' mrj nu<i out of supplies. '1 lie Commissary, Mr, Hutchinson, was sent over to 1'lnliji Pearson's, lio lived near, to ascertain tlie chance of procuring meat and bread for the men, and provender for the horses; and if these necessary articles could be had, to provide for their transportation to thu destitute camp, l or one week Washington** men and horses were abundantly furnished from Mr. Pearson's farm. These are bright slai> in the ear* of K lirfiohl an 1 ini.ilii < > I - - - ?| ll"V IV I'V tillered to grow dun or escape llic memory of a grateful posterity. Tl?e sons of Fairfield have ?Jono much miitniy service. They fought al the fieh of Guilford, and on every lull top, am! ii ercry valley i i their ??wt? Slate. The; fought for Xorlh Carolina, Georgia, Ten ncssee, Alabain and Florida. In the las l>rili?h war, troops from Fairfield, at tin tap of the drum, inarched for the seaboard In the Seminole war, they woro oil'to tin swamps and everglades of Florida as ^nicl as horse*' heels could bear them; and ii the Mexican war they distinguished then. jo-Is c-i at \ era Cm*, A Ivai ado, t 'eiro Gordo t" ?i111eras, Cliuruhiuco, I 'liC|>iilte|M*o, am the gales ot Mexico.?Curoi'tmi Time*. c* 7 ' k letle*, were glad to tit id an h*v1uiii in poor old Martiia Datisby's kitchen, .Such i? the indomitable resolution exerted iu the light spiiit and in a good cause. Manv of the British otlicers and Biili.-h soldiers wounded at Blackstock* died here. Amon? the icst, and chiefe*t in all that constitutes the mat) and the hero, was Maj. Moray, lie was connected with some of the highest names in old England, and distinguished for scholarship, kind hearted ness and gallantry. The day ho was removed from the kitchen to another world, the pewter ou the shelf rattled with the excess of his convuUivo agonies, and ho cried out often, "coiiio ou, hoys, wo value uone of them hut Tom Sumter and Will Washington." Major Morny it pnrliculnrlj mentioned, because, strange to say, his English frieuds were never apprized of his fate, and not thirty years ago inquiries were tnydo after him. lie sleeps ou the hill lop where he breathed his last, and the winds have long since whispered his requiem. Besides contributing many brave men to the regiment of llanger*, afterwards to Sumter and Marion, 1'airQcld sustained the great causo with a noble spit it iu mnuy other re?p:cls. After the drawn battle of Hobkirk's Hill, which tiio British claimed as a great victory, hut which, by the by, they had no power to improve, Green passed ovor the Wateree at Grave's l'ord and encamped on the banks of Sawney's Creek. llis vigilant adversary, Kawdon, crossed the NVatereo . / s r :ii x.aimicn, aiia marching up encamped on the south side of that stream. The creek was Uot large, but the banks were high, steep, and impracticable, lloro tlic two nrmics inot face to face, but both concluded to leliio without a battle. Uawdou dropped down lowaids the low country, and Green with his wretched force, almost na ked, swarming with vermin, and scrawny with famine, look post at Mr. Keubvu liar rison's. They needed every thing. They tented under the blue aich of heaven, slackened nothing iu resolve and purpose, but looked manfully forward to bnppier times and brighter days. Mr. llarrisou had been with Sumter iu his perils, his partial success and his defeats, lie thought like a soldier and fell like a man. lie ordered his people to forward to the army bread siutIs, vegetables, fat cattle and sheep in plenty. Grecu remained at hit bivouac for a whole week, living on the hospitality of Mr. Harrison. When about to leave, having tio strong box, lie tendered to Mr. Harrison a certificate for the bountiful supplies he had furnished. No, said Mr. Harrison, "wo are engaged in the tame great cause; jou are welcome to all you have received; your success will be my pay." In one of his marches through the up lauds, Washington's corps of cavalry halted at lugleinati'a Mill, on Wilkinson's, some tunes called Owens' Creek. lbs object most piobably was to watch the motions of the British Colonel, Itiuis, who was posted at Schurrer's Kerry, afterwards called Slrotiter's, now called Bud's, or llugley's. Ashinrrlitn win wliolli- ?i?t ..t' I Despatch to the hast India House. Caixi ita, September 0, 1857.?Ovner*! llavelock still at Cawupore, waiting for r?- > iiiforcemeiits, and Lucknow still unrelieved. The OOtli Regiment, about balf the Fusileers, and a nine pounder battery, in all 1,270 men, were at Allabnbad on the 3d or 4tli; COO infantry and the battery wero immediately pushed forward toward Oawnpore, and Ueu. Outran! was to follow with i the remainder of the infantry on the uight \ of the 6lh instant. lie expects to join llavelock on the 11th or 12lb, and has directed the latter to have everything ready for crossing the river on his arrival; mean* : while we have intelligence from Lucknow up to the 2d instant, when the garrison I were in good spirits and sufficiently provided with food. They had recently repulsed a determined assault, und had disabled the only heavy|guus belonging to tbo assail an Is. The gariison have been told to hold out to extremity, and they are now confident that they will be relieved about the middle of thi* month. The liewah troops, detached as reported in last message to intercept the Diuapore mutineers, were not in time to arrest their progress; the latter crossed the Toum river about the 20lli, after some deleiilioti by high ih'od, and their march has been marked by plunder. They give out they are going to Delhi. Tho rebel Koocr Sing tied I from Kohtas about the 27th or 28tb uit., I and sought refuge in Kewnli territory. The Rajah warned him otf, whereupon most of his sepoy adherents deserted him. A column, consisting of a wing of the 53d Queen's, 27th Madras N. hand some guns, Ictl Ranegungo on the 27lh ull., and will clear the trunk road. The Nepani Durbar lots given 1,0U0 (iootkhas to aid in the occupation of Champaruu and the distiicts on the Kit llank of the Ganges, which are endangered by the abandonment of Goruekpore by the civil officers. It is thought that the force stated, which left Kalmandhor on the lGlh or 14th tilt., will suffice to lestoro in those districts. Uur latest accouuts from Delhi extend to the 20th uit. The 1'unjaub reinforcements i ??. i~ ? * ..ivuiiuuvu 111 inn ittol message reaCllCil camp on 14th nil., and inure recently an auxiliary forco of about two thousand and six hundred men frum Cashmere has inarched lu join iho force. It is expected to do good service. A new siege traiu froui Kerozpore is expected by the end of August, and iho Chief Commissioner of the I'unjaub calculates that by the middle of this month the force before Delhi will be little short of 15,000 men. This estimate may be somewhat loo high. There baa been the usual skirmishing, with the aatue result. On the 12th ult. a battery which was troublesome was taken; and on the 25lb llrigadier Nicholson attacked the iuaurgenU, who were trying in a large body to gel to our rear, entirely defeated aud routed them and took 12 guns, with all the ammunition, e'juipngo, and the baggage of the euciiiy. The troops are in good health and spirits, wounded doing well, supplies abuudant. It is said that sotuo overtures are made by, or on behalf of, the King. They will not be entertained. The garrisons have been levying contributions in the neighborhood of Agra and the northwestern provinces. The latest intelligence from Agra is to the 25ih August. All still in the fort and tiro general health good. Nothing particular had occurred, except an expedition to 1 uttennoro llukrce. and nnoilmrto lTo?r??? which latter defeated tho insurgents, but was not strung enough to re-occupy Alljguib. The 1 urruckabad N await is said to he on the road between that place and Cawnpuro with three regiments of mutinous infantry, and cue of cavalry; he will be dealt with by Geu. llarelock's column, after relief of Luckuow. On tho deserting of Guruckporo, by the civil officers a Chuckladar from Oude took possession. Anarchy and confusion in the district, and Chumparun consequently iu some danger, as mentioned elsewhere. Azimgurgh and Jouupore have been occupied by the Goorknn*, who marched from Goruckporu with the civil utlicers of native states. The mutineers of Gwalior Contingent, joined by those fiom Iudote and Mhow, reckoned at 4,u00 infantry, 000 cavalry and 30 guns, aie still believed to bo at Gwalior, held in check, it is rcportoJ, by Scindia. The political agent, Major Macpherson, writing fioin Agra on the 7th ult., expresses a confident belief in his loyal and friendly attachment to us. The peace of Ltuopal is imperilled by the open ruuliuy of the Contingent. All the lhiudlecund chiefs continue to behave well, as also the Ncwab of Jowooh and tho petty slates of Dhar Dewass, etc., none having openly revolted except Anijliera. In Kajpocua, the native chief are quiet, and apparently true. The Conduct of the Nizam's Government at Hyderabad is admirable. The Moliurruin festival passed oil' without any commotion or disturbance whatever. l'utliah and all 1ns Sutlej cliieU coniiuuo in active and zealous co operation, lioolab Singh, of Cashmere, died on the 2d of August; his successor is, i u ho was, our atauuehest adherent. 1 Intelligence from l'unjaub to the 15th of August. Ihiujaub and Cis Sulliej Slates ! <juitu tranquil. Large local lotion are ho1 ing raised to supply the place of the rein1 forccments gone to Delhi, (hiolab Singh, ' of Cashmere, before his death, promised seventy-five lucles to t!io si* percent. loan. and about ;J0 were expected in Cis Sutlrj. It will, probably, draw dourly a crare, w liicli is the Oilimated want. Tho disarmed 26;U I Native Infantry, at Lahore, murdered their >' commanding officer on the 80lh of July, and broke away from the cantonment. Tlio - troops sent in pursuit look the wrong road, t but the mutineer* wero followed by the ? police and the people of the country, and . in the first dry# of August were either dea f troyed or captured and executed; hardly a c man has escaped. Fugitives of the 6.V.W i ' N. I. at IVshawur, ha? o been srijtod an J ; similarly dealt with. Those vigorous wt*a?. ': J ures will probably deter others from similar II attempts. fi I'. Fui'tdWroMt, i bcwtousry to the Uov?iuiueiit of li.dm I * -? i