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i*\ % ' *i WBHBBBg!!Bg!Hggg JJw^?wMaHgBMwgHP '.,. _ , | - - J -? j? ._ - i ' in THE C AROL IN A SPA I {TAX. BY CAVIS & TRIMMIER. DcooteiJ to Southern iiif(!)ts, Politics, Glgriculture, nuiJ litis ccUnnij. 82 PER ANNUM. VOL. Xiv7 SPARTA NIHJRG, S. C., THURSDAY, JULY % 1857. NO. 19. ???????? ?? ??1 ?? ????I THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. ] >, BY OA VIS <fe TltlMMIER. ! ! J T? 0. P, VERJTON Associate Editor. Trice Two Dollars per annum in advance, or .50 nt the end of the year. If not paid until , 1 after tho year expires $3.00. ( Payment will be considered in ndvuuco if made within three months. ' No subscription taken for less than six months, t Money may bo remitted through |xwtmn?tcr? nt our risk. Advertisements inserted nt the usual rates, and \ contracts tnado on reasonable terms. . Tho Spartan circulates largely over this and adjoining districts, ond offers an admirable medium I to our friends to roach customers. ( Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Daw and Equity, coutiuually ou hand or t printed to order. CAROLINA SPARTAN. ! For the Carolina Spartan. WHITE FAWN AND GOLDEN EAGLE. 1 < A TALE OF INDIAN LIFE. s Indian Story?both legendary and historic?which has boon prosorvod by tradi- ' tion, or created by tho tasteful and happy 1 conceptions of genius, has never ceased to intorest tho cultivated inind of tho supo- j rior race, which occupies tho wido plains ' and rich hunting grounds of a people 1 now almost extinct. Evon nations perish J and pass away, whilo othor nations succeed * them, in the unceasing changes on the sur- I faco of our planet, liko tho growth, decay, and reappearance of summer vegetation. Who were tho red men? To whom wore thoy akin? Whence did they come? We know whither they depart; but what of their origin? What afliuity had thoy with other and older nations; and with whom? llad they improved from a still ruder and Jowor race; or had they lapsed into barbarism from a condition of higher civilization? Are theso tho wanderit.g sons of lost Israel? Who shall declare their generation? Full woll we know the exodus of tins strange 1 peoplo?their genesis must remain, fur the c present at least, envoloped in the mist and 1 darkness of the unwritten past. ^ The literary world aio indebted to tho v gonius of Mr. (Joorgo Call in fur much ac v curate information of Indian character and r Indian customs and manners, derived from 1 personal observation, and preserved by a 1 skilfull use of hotli pencil and pen; while tho rich and varied fancy of Mr. .1. Feni ' more Cooper has added lustre and wealth ' to American literature in his unrivalled 1 Indian fiction*. Capt. Marrvalt lias gather 0 eu nowers ill mo suns item; wniie .wn Sigournoy, in one of Iter fugitive pi.-co-, <>n " Indian names, lias invested the general subject with ihe warmth and sympathy of ' true poetic sentiment: i. ? "Ye say they It ivo nil passed away, li 'Flint noble race and brave; ^ That their li ^ lit canoe* havo v. ilia lie-1 From oil* the crested ware: li. ? That mid the forest? where they roamed, j* Tie-re ring* >? ? hunter'* shout, lint their nanu* is un your waters? s Ye may not wash it oat! ^ in. o 'Tis wheiv Ontario's h'.llnw, Like ocean surge is curl Where strong Niagara's thunders wal.o | The echoes of the world: tl j a, ,V' K Where red Missouri brmgeili? Ilich tribute from the West, y And Rappahannock sweetly sleeps ji On green Virginia's breast: V* I Monad nock, on his forehead hoar, Doth sea! the sacred trust,? f< Your mountains bu ld their monuments, v Though ye give the wiuds tlioir duut!" About llio year A. 1). 1720, a young 1( ..... 1/ :i _ ; f /- > i . .I' nirtu ut j.imny, residing m * uariesion, Suiith Carolina, became involved in a jiorsonnl difficulty, and unfortunately shot an of ^ ficcr of rank and position in the colony; for " which oftcnco ho would probably have sufferod the extreme penally of the law, had ho uot lied, as there was much feeling oxci. 1 ted against him in the community. 11 is '' first purpose was to rotreat into tho Indian M country west, and remain until tho popular *' excitement had abated, and then to return ' ... . . \ and submit to a judicial investigation of his crime. Hut mingling freely with some 31 friondly tribes, ho soon becamo enamored of tho wild freedom of Indian life, and spout w nearly all his after years among tho tribes ,l of Western Carolina. It was only when ho was far advanced in ago, and long after ( ho had boon given up as lost, that ho found moans and inclination to communicate onco n moro with his family. A journal kept by R young Penneau?the Huguenot exile? 81 which subsequently passod into tho possos- w sion of his only surviving sister, has fur- ^ nishod tho principal far.<4 of tho following 0< talo, which have boon deemed of sufficient n; inlorost, as characteristic of Indian lifo, in tboso early periods, to justify their publicalion; and especially so, as the actors and (y parties interested in, and affected by them, w havo long sinco passod away. At the period of which we writo there wcro two largo I ?' and poworful Indian tribes inliabiting con- : tiguous portions of tire more lovol piano :i country, oast of tho Hluo Ridge mountains sl1 embracing all tho uppor or western part of r0 what is now known as Spartanburg I)i strict, a! and a part of tho eastern, or lowor portion of k' what is now known as <Jroi nvillo District, cx LI)is area is comprised, in great part, be | w ;ween 15road River on llio north, and the n Stioree on tho south. ] 0 Tho tribo occupying tho region of tho w I'ygor rivers, extending to tho Knoroo on b ho south, wero known as tho Ckemui trib^, m Children of the Sun;) and that spreading b jver tho Facolet region to liroud liiver, on b .ho north, wcro known as tho Cholesadns, g jr Woif-Killers. j hero was no certain and b well defined boundary lino to mark tho dis- h section and extent of Chonua, and Cho- lc osada jurisdiction. Tho uncertain extent g sf territory belonging to any particular st ribe, with respect to a neighboring tribo, g uid tho frequent depredations of the one ' w ipon tho other, often let! to sanguinary i tr :ontlicts. i al It chanced with tho Chennns and Cl>o- i b csadas that hostility was prolonged for a , rent period by a dispute as to tho proprietor- r< ihip of a hunting ground, lying on tho ; L iouth sido of Lawsou's Fork, immediately , si rhovo what is now known as the Hickory- < rut-Gap road, both tribes claiming tho field h ,>y prescriptivo title. This feud became lc rereditary, and was bequeathed from war- \ ior sire to warrior son, on both sides; ami tl bo proscnco of cither party on that hunting ci round was tho signal of battle to the other. I a Japtivos wero taken on either side, but ' s! generally they never returned to their tribe, u o toll the story of their captivity! This a lational and inveterate hatred of Chen- w m against Cliolesada, and Cholesada tl igninst Ghonna, was greatly aggravated by o in event of great interest to those hostile j p ribes, which happened during the peiiod ' ti >f which we write. 1 *v far the niost numc- : t< ous, anil tho most warlike and powerful, of | \ ill tho Carolina tribos of Indians occupied a ho region of tho liluo liidgo mountains, c vest of thoChenna and Cholesada territories, it extending along tho lino of tho mountains p or more than 100 miles. It was not un- h onmioti, at that period, for llio chief of one N ribe to form a matrimonial alliance in tho h amily of a neighboring ch'.of of nny tribe, n villi whom his people wero not actually at d var, nnd had no subsisting ground of quar- tl ci. i a ua 0011 (signifying i iitinaer-v. louu j p lie renowned chief of tlio \Va whs, or it nuimtain ltl*o, had a <l-i?ig!it?.r, .is disiin |, juished for beauty as her proa I siro was |i loted for bravery, power and command. w L'his Indian belle was called Sa-na-sa, or ti he U.tinhow, a beautiful anil poetical en- u option, symbolizing the glory, ornplondor, ?f the thornier cloud', as .she was the j?ii?l*> t( md oinament of her father's liouso. j sj O he too 11:1, the chief of iho Chennas, j h nd \V"a e ta, (['anther,) the chief of the ! fi 'holesa las, had both paid their respects, g lot to Sa na na, the daughter, but to \ a-n i n oil, the great warrior, as suitors for the u ihiuI of the beautiful princess. a< At last O ke too na, (a name signifying l< . son or prophet of the Great Spirit?or ju avored of the gods.) as ho was the wealthier uitor, and could pay larger bridal ti.bute n o Va-n.a boll, and because he was the u father" of a greater number of braves, ob- K aine 1 the prize?the gift of Sa-n i-sa?the j b tain bow, as his bride, and roturned in tri- ; si impli to tho Cheuua domains. Fires were ! e? indlcl?boasts wore slain?feasts were ;iven?songs were sung?the "groat dance" ti itdulgod, in token of success and triumph in ver tlio long hated Cholesadns. \v a e-ta w ore his failure with sullen silence, and af- h; 3ctol inditrerenco, but modiuted deep ro- si ongo, and his tribe fully participated his jeliugs, on account of this new source of L at red toward the Chen tins. Years passed m n and away, and many wore I ho conllicls M etween Chcnna and Cholesada. Xo abate- tJ, :icnt yet ensued to the hostility between ti (ho Children of the Sun" and the fierce st Voir Killers. Thcro were uot a few instan- tl] os in which warriors, on either side, clinl- d ingod each other to single, and nearly al- m o..u 11..*i. 11 * ? f?J a Iivavujr , ? IHI o|?v?n I IXIIIK', ur 5tnal)!\wk. Tu iKeso single combat?, Ben- ! 0( a-boo, (Bright, or (iolden Eagle,) the son of cj Va-ota, the Cholosnda chief, had greatly [,j gualized his prowess and skill in llio use jn f weapons. Ho ornamented his wigwam < ? rith rnoro than three scoro Clionna scalps, nd ho was looked to by tho tribo as the | m lturo victor and ultimate cou<]uorer of the ,n 'henna raco. ,n A scouting party of the Cholesadas tnado lh 11 incursion to tho territory of tho Chonnas, di nd succeoded in capturing by stealth a b) nail hunting party of tho Chonnas, among wj hom was La-oo-na, (White Fawn,) the m aughtor of O-ke-too-na, tho chief. I,a- til D-na was tho pride of her nation, and her ke amo was indicativo of great beauty and na iveliness. Theso captives wero borno swift ru ' away, bound on horseback, to tho nearest pa holosaJa settlement, whore Lcn-sa-boo,! loi ilh many warriors, was cncampod near th ie disputed hunting ground. Tho place in ' execution was, as nearly as can now l>o de ccrtainod, on tho summit of tho hill, half lal milo north of Lawson's Fork, whoro that IL roam is crossed by the Hickory-Nut Cap in< ad. Tho captives wore closely confinod ha id guarded during tho night, and on tho na llowing morning wero brought forth for oculion iu presenco of the assembled ' di< N 'firrior*. La-oo-nn was calm, unmoved* nd firm as a veteran chief. '1 he blood of > ko loo nn and Rainbow mantled her face ith scorn nnd defiance. Her flowing hair, lack as the raven's wing, flowed loosely nd beautifully to her feet. Her straugo ut glittering headdress decorated her row. l'roudly she faced the scene of daner, and gazed on the green leaves and the luo sky for the last time, and awaited her our. Len sa-boo, tho chief, was observed > bo serious and taciturn, lie delayed to ive tho death signal; and seemed, at times, rangely moved. Dark dissatisfaction hoan to manifest itself among the Cholosada amors; and one of tho oldest braves IQiitingly inquired, "if (lolden Kaglo was fraid of fainting at tho sight of Chenna lood!" A glance of bitter contempt was all the jply to this marked insinuation. At length, .on-sa-boo, approaching La oo-na, asked if 10 would beg for life? "The daughter of ?-ke-too na can beg nothing of a Wolf [iller," was the indignant reply. Rut, >oking into the sad faco of Len sa-hoo, tho Vhite Fawn discovered something more inn n purposo to humiliate the (Jhcuna sptive, and seemed half to regret the stern nd prou I reply she had ina<le. lie turned owly away, and gave an ord?T. Tho tale captives were instantly led oil'to death, nd two fleet nnd spiiitcd Indian horses ore led tin to Len-sn-boo. Unon one i.f ipso ho seated tlio waiting La-oo-un, iho llior be proudly mounted himself, ami ointcd to the south ? to the Chcnna cuiin y. Away thoy flew, and woro oon lost > the viow of the Uholesada waniors. Vhat passed between the Golden Eagle nd White Fawn on this journey none an tell, but all can conjecture. Conduct ig his captive to the neighborhood of her eople, he returned to his camp. Hut he ail suiTerod in the estimation of hi> braves, loody and sullen, ho took no pains to re istate himself; but encountered danger lore rocklossly than before. And to show his is regard of peril, ho went alone, armed for 10 chase, to the memorable hunting ground; iercod a fine deer with an arrow, dressed , kindled a camp tire for tho night; ate 1\ ve??is. a, mi l slept ond!\\ H" find boon closely observed, and ore hi-. i '-t 'as taken, he found himself bound by h io b . els, ami led towards tbe settlement f the Chennas. L"li-sa*boo carol little, lie had I d ie Cliolo* id i> t > victorious fight?lie had a?ii the Cheuti i in b iltle?he h i I taught is people to meet d mg r, by flood and eld?he had shown th??in an act of noble (moronity?be had p ir I I for hinw-lf either renown am mg the Cholcsada-* nor tcroy from the Chonnas, bv this iiobh^t :t of lii.s life?ho was ready t<> din mi 1 go > llio Great Spirit, and toll the stoiy of in iro 1 life. JIo was instantly recognised in llioChcna cainp by a hundred warriors who had lot Iiiiii in the field of deadly conflict, ach one thirsted for his lifo?each had a rothor, friend, or comrade slain, whose mdo called for atonement, lie was mock 1 a- the "alcopiug brave"?as having been eserted by his people?a- deserting his ibo?and in every other niodo in which idignity could be shown him. Somo ouId know if lie wanted to parch iso life y flight?or by a surrender of Chenna :alp3?or by knooliug as a slave. Unmoved amid ail theso bitter taunts eu sa-boo surveyed the hostile horde with lajestic calmness and unrutfl *d c unp mii . orning came?the last morning for (> >1Jti Ivigle?and the stake was prepared ? io pine faggots collected ?the warrens i iiiiii one 1 ? ami Lensidmo prep are 1 to eel his fate. In consi leration of hi-. social sliuclion, as the sou of a chief, he was porittod to sing the death chant, which i? a cital of the principal actions and history ' his lifo. Lon-sa-boo proceeded with the innt?reciting battles?chases?and oxhitions of skill and bravery. Among other cidcnts bespoke >f 1?is releasoof La-oo naf this fact the Cbcnnaa were entirely norant. La oo-nu, either from maiden odesty, or fear of censuro, had never com unicated this fact, except to Sun sa, hoi other. On the mention of the n imc of o White Fawn, a great sensation was proiced, and her name was rcpeate I al nnl r thoso who hoard it. This reached tin igwam of < >-ke-toona, whore La oo na re /lined. She was unconscious that the cap to was no othor than Golden Ivigle. Ohloo-na, enraged at such a use of the nno of La oo-nn by tho (lliolosada captive, shed up with drawn tomahawk to des? .tell Lensa boo with a single blow. A ud scream iutorruptod tho m >voiuont, and o blow was suspended. La-oo-na stood tho midst, and throw herself before her lirercr, crying, 4,Len sa-boo, lakolsada! kelsada!''?("Goldon Kaglo shall not die! o shall not dio!" O-ko too-na, yet more sensed, wavod his battle-axe, and would wo sacrificed both in an instant; but Sa sa, his wife, caught his arm crying fa na-3.ida! ? nana sad a!" ? (Lot him not j let him not die!) Tho mother stood ! bv the daughter. Only woman know* th< i strength of woman's love. La oo-na wouk j have perished with hor deliverer?Sa na-sr would liavo perished with her daughter Tho Chenna chief rotiroJ, in sullen con tempt and anger, to liitt wig wain. Soor his natural aiToction, and a -pirit of gcno rosity, provailod with O ko-too na. lfecall cd a council of his braves, and stood uj bcforo them; and with a kingly inajest\ pronouncod his older. "I am," said ho, "the falh'ir of my peoph ? lam tho enemy of tho Wolf-Killer. 1 spared not in battle?I turned not from tin foe. My tomahawk drank blood?I atone*, for tho slain of my people, lint I am t father. My daughter, tho White Fawn j is with you this day. Slio was enptivo t< ! thy Wolf-Killer?she might have been sac ; rificol?(iolden Eagle saved hor. Ken sa l?oo ?lcw our braves in battle?wo slew tin braves of tlie Cholesadn*. hon sa-boo wa 'j brave in battle?he proved generous in tin ' day of his power. I cannot kill my ivif< i and daughter. They will not take the lift i of Ken sa boo. Kill me, if you will, am , choose anolhor father; br.t Lcn-sa l>oc 1 shall live." With this Jocidon tho warrion seemed satisfied, and < rolden Eagle was re leased, and tho While Fawn was given U hi in in presence of his people. Tho destiny of hen sa boo was strnngolj ' changed. 11 o knew he might not rotun to tho Cholesadas, who would have scornei I his companionship. Jle could not turi < 'henna, and become the e emy of his race lie directed his footsteps, with La-oo-na i his bride, toward the seeing sun, when they became the progenitors of a noble rac< i of "bi ares.'' Ouco in twenty-six moo.is ihov asxreet to revisit tho sceno whero their deslinie became united forever. And tliey agrcet | ?t!io (treat Spirit permitt ig?they wouh make that same r-ito the pi .ceof thoir spiri i abode after death. | Long after Leu sa boo and La oo na hm , | slept in death, the Chenna reported the; j could hear, during tho silent hours of night when tl?o moon rode high in lieaveu, tin | joyous Mont of a fawn, ami the triumphaii 1 scream of ail eagle, in thn thick grove im m-vli.itolv below the ! t to-wn, or Hii Spiii.g llut \\ hf?tlior this was real, or im 'iiii.' --, no one could certainly know. Tlie diout of tlio warrior i* no Ion heard? tlio I''cs of revenge h i lunger bun ?the song ami the dance no longer iiuli cite the presence of battle tiophies?tin wigwam ami the re.I face have together bis ! appeared from the spot where I.a ou n: saved Jem sa-hoo from (ica'.it. 1 lie gotilli ! hill still stands covered with voting pine, ami waving grtj.... ! The Haw-to wa still sends forth its cloai ami gushing waters whore those thtillint incidents occurred. It has long since lost iti Indian nam ; hat ha been known from tiim i immemorial by its Englhdt equivalent-J "'rhe Hig Spring." A placid lake of pure clear water, where shoals of tish dispor ' themselves, u >.v covers the valley where tin Chenna-. heard '.ho fawn and tlio eagle In ii imilighl. A town has grown where tin f nest unco slo" I. n far frnn tlio tnotnora bio lull; nn<l a Female College now llour Uhes not half a mile from the seano wher?! Invo proved its. t stronger than death; aiu maidens as beautiful and good, if not a brave, as I.a oo-na, often linger around tlx. |?!ace, and cultivate tlieir taste, and in dingo a I >vo of nature, all unconscious thn here sb? >1, in ho'v all 'ilion, the brave trol 'on K igle and the beautiful White l awn Spaki wiu ioi, lime, 1857. ? 1 I . \ . IJltOAUCAsr Sbedinu.? II iving notice 1 a number of ditVerent opin i ions in regar 1 t>? drilling and broadcasting I am willing t> give tin experience on thi subject. I purcli i-i I, in company with t 1 neighbor, a drill ?>f J. M. Harvey an Son's inanuf icluvo, Amsterdam, N. V. (.1 | 1'. Koss's patent.) In the spring of 1855 the tirst sow ing w is a piece ol spring wheat I Not kn ovitig anything about the drilling -vatern, I -owed part with tlio drill atn pirt broi least iii the same held and in tlx same dav. Tli ,t put in with a drill w v more than a quarter better than that sown broadcast, h >:h i: -Iraw and grain. 1 Irietl : my ivis in Mie - vine manner; they were a! so bcttei where thev were drilled. I have sow 1 all my grain ^ nee with tlio drill, he iiiif - ir.-iif i uiai u i> 1110 on y proper mem el of | lilting grain into llio ground. My neighbor, ill in|,is l? i.'kwlioat, had put > >wn w i. i tli di ill urn! part broaden ! mid when hnrvist< 1, tin- <ii died was tibotil half bettor; it w .s n'l well t" led, while tlx broade ast u is hardly filled ?both pill in tiio same day and in the >11110 liold. I think it is hotter on other nceount.than broadcasting. It saves n quarter ol tho seed; l?)>i les it cnltivati > the land, and loaves it in good condition for the crops, hotter than can ho done with the harrow Tho grain is all put in at an even depth in tho soil, and I am satisfied that it is a paying machine. I also have a thresher and mower, and 1 think they are good run nines; 1ml mv drill pays 1110 the most of any. It takeless lime and seed, and hotter* the crop, and in dry seasons tlioy ate indispensable Knowing what I do ah vat tl e drill, I think farmers cannot afford to ow broadcast ii I thev can obtain a drill, i would like t< j have others give their v\,>< riein e on lli? 1 nil'- anhie.-t. 1 / >irnirr 51 I'rotn tlio ClmrlcKton Mercury. i The Dml Scott Case. i Mkssrs. liorroits: Thia ca*o having excited so much attention, both from its importance and novelty, it may not bo altogether uninteresting to know that one of tho points 1 mooted by it, and aUo novel to us, was het tied "of old," ("anliquitus,") by tho Roman - Law, vii: if tho slavo of a Roman pnssed , into the territory of a people by whose laws he ceased to be tho slavo of the Roman, : and then again returned eithor to Roma or j any State allied with her, his master's right ) to him (and, if a female, to her issue) im| mediately revived, and was, in fact, cotisid, ' orcd as norer suspended. I This was by the .Ins Poetliminii; which, in tho few remarks wo shall hero make, we 1 shall not attempt to discuss fully. This , would bo not only unnecessary, but beyond > tho ?copo of our purpose, as wo merely wish brietly to indicate tho strong, and perhaps curious coincidence, between the Dred Scott case docision and the Roman Law. Intend5 ing, therefore, to confino ourielvos strictly i to tho caso of slaves under this Law, we , shall at onco give our authority for applying it to them. It is as follows: "Postlimi' , niuin omnibus homiuibu* est, cujuscunquc 5 soxus condilionis vo sint, nec interest liberi ! an servi sint." "All men, whether bond or > fee, enjoy the law of Postliminium."?FY. # 1 19, 10 do capt. et do Postl. (49,16) cf; also fr. 12 7?14; fr. 10, 5, C, and fr. 30. b. t. "Postliminium," says Paulus, "is the law ' by which we recover from a foreign state a thing lost, and of restoring it to its pristine r condition." ("Postliminium eat jus amis, stc ret recijr.enct ah rxtraneo ct statum j i pristinum restitucntht")?FY. 19 pr. h. t. rrom m:s 11 touows mat a slave, winch 1 was lost to his Kotuan owner, by coming into the possession of some foreign people, and then again recovered froin them, vns e restored to his former stato, i. e. became again the slavo of bis quondam owner. Modern writeis upon international law ful ly admit that thin jut jtostliiniuii forms a I ; port cf it, but would seem to limit it to 8 times of war. However, though this is the j ' very natural result of the groat change . ; which has taken place in the intercourse : between foreign nations, and though we 1 freely admit that, now-a-days, llio chief and ' almost only practical uso of this law is in ] : times of war, still this restriction finds uo ^ justification either in Roman law, or in the earlier writers. * International law?tbejui inter gentes, k aitiorg the Romans, if such it may ho calli ed?consisted in denying to a stranger, when <>u foreign soil, alliMghl* wh?tC- 'ever, f ive siieii as were CXjUMMV eVMrtMlt him I?y lieaty, or sonte fMXsrtt agree i niuiit. I fence if a RomiWcitUMiff want in| to a country not hound to Iioine by some r ; treaty, ike., not only did all that ho had ( with him hecomu llio property of whoever 1 cluvo to seize it, hut lie himself became the slave of his captor. And so firmly was this c* established as a piinciplo of their law, that wo doubt much if llio Isumans over rodel inauded their citizen ^ti such a case.?Fr. . j 5. -\ ? Hut as limo rolled on, and commerce be came a necessity, the Romans formed treaties with almost ail the world; and hence r there was hut little necessity for this law, , save in time of war, when the treaty, &e., baring been solemnly declared by the Fedi alts broken, and tho Romans absolved from 5 its observance, everything relapsed into the - , old stale, and the hostile stranger was def i prived of all protection. And this is tho t reason, perhaps why, even in tho Digests, this law is mentioned chiefly in connoxion either with war or with the l'arthians and < Hermans, with whom alone of the then ) known world, the Hainan* probably bad generally no treaty, tfco. Again: when Christianity bad alrolisheJ, to a gr-nt extent, ancient barbarities, and bv to aching that there was but one Clod 1m t<>r all mankind, and not local, separate and independent gods for eacli country, with j power confined to its limits, had given to 1 the world a groat centre point of union ? thus laying the foundation for an altogelh' or dillerent law of intercourse between nations?ibis law of minium was still . less ncod.'d than before?in fact, oven less now in lime of war than anciently in peace. For, instead of being now the prey of any one who may seize him, even the bosti'e 1 stranger is, in any of the nation* of Christen 1 ?m, (bolwoen whom alone, strictly speaking, international law obtains,) safo from personal servitude, and from being 1 despoiled of his property. And it is not a little curious, as marking the change in the law, to notice the d:tior once with which successive writers on the law of nations have treated this subject. ! < Irotius (-/?' inn b> Hi et paeis, lib. 111, cap. 1 9) discusses fully the doctrine as laid down nv 111 e ii'Hiinn law, as obtaining ootti in pence and war; ami giving hs application 1 to land only a blight prominence, concludes ' with tlie-o words: "15 it in our time*, not only among Chris1 ti ins, hut also amongst most Mahometans, ha* tho tight t ? make captives, except in war, an<l with it the jus jH>stliminii also oca- i; tli - necessity for both being romov1 | e>l bv tho restored power of tho relationship > w iii.ii iritmc has willed should exist among men. 15ui this ancient law of nations may yet bo required, if wo ever have to deal 1 i w ith a nation so barbarous as should, without any notice or cause, treat as enemies all foreigners and their pioperty." And Vnttoi (Lo I ?roit des (Jens, liv. III., chap. 14, 204) in his definition of it ,con ' tines it expressly to times of wni: ("loss persoiinosct loo'liosus prises par renomie;") an I while atlirniing (*200) that ?utluraf/f/, all tilings are capable of being recovered by it. resiiictR it in fact to real estate onlv. And Wheat<?n (Klemenls do droit inter ! national, IV partie, chap. 2, 17) going still further, seems to restrict its practical imj -rt iiH f to the government land, alienated by the enomv when occupying it, to which no title is good until expressly coufirmod , by a treaty; as til! then it ii liable, jurr , /*> ihiuinii, to itour to its original owner, | the State. But such wai not llio case in llie Ronym Law; and as it is borrowed from this source, it is there that its full scope and mottling should be sought. There it is applied not only to land, but also to certain " res mobiles,"^laves, dreg and was used as a protection not^only in ; war, but also in peace, whenever afiy na! lion did not respect the Roman's property ; within its limits. This is ??> important a ; proposition, that wo must give in full the , chief authorities for it. "The law of postliminium prevails either in war or peace" (postliminii jus competit aut in belJo aut in jxtce.")?Kr. 5, pr. h. t. "In peace the postliminium is also given, for if we have neither friendship nor hospitality, nor a treaty made to establish | friendship with any nation, even though not hostile to us, still, whatever of ours comes into their possession becomes theirs; and the same is the case with whatever of theirs cotnca to us." And ngain, when stating tiial there was I no ju*postliminii between the Romans and j their allies, the question is asked: "For : what is the need of the Law of Poatlirainii uin between us and them, since they retain, ! on our soil, both their liberty and the doi minion over their property, as fully as if on their own; and since the same is true of us when with them." "Whatever we lose in war, or even without war, if wo recover it again, we are said to regain it by tho Law ot Postliminium." Compare, also, section 3 of this fragment, which states that a person was deemed to bo entitled to tho benefit of the Law of Postliminium (postliminio rediissc) as soon as be crossed the bounds of an allied nation, "because he was, for the first time, safe there by the public authority. From a caroful perusal of tho above, is it not apparent that this law applied to all those countries within whoso limits the Roman was not safe by the public authority*" (publico nomine tutus,) and where he did not retain "tho dominion over bis property" (dominium rcruvi suaram;) and that tlicso two circumstances really determined its application! Having thus presented a brief outline ol the jus jwstliminii in its application to slaves, aud having shown that, though its practical importance has greatly diminished, it is still fullv recognised as a nart of the o " ( law of nations of tiio present day, may nol the Southern Slates fairly claim that the occasion?different, it is true, from that which Crotius, really contemplating the case of the Algerine pirates, foretold?has arisen, and the lime come when it should ho revived? The Northern, nnd most, il not all, of the Euro|>eau States, refuso to recognise and protect within their limits our proportv in slaves. There, we are no longer in this regard "safo hy the public authority,"?no longer retain "the dominion over our property." With thom we have no treaty assuring us of our rights; and international law must decide every question arising among nations, (and consequently. between the States of this Union,) which has not been settled by treaty. These remarks recall to us one of the most remarkable coincidences between am cient and modern times. The law we have just described existed among the Romans probably from the very foundation of their city, and perhaps earlier. Certainly it was >f such antiquity that even in Cicero's time its origin had become doubtful. Times change, and the law is either forgotten or j i ?collected only as one of the curious relics of the past. Century after century rolls on, and the times changing onco again, the question recurs--not in Italy, however, but in England; not in the metropolis ol j Heathendom, but in that of Christondom. The mightiest nation of antiquity is to be measured in legal knowledge with the mightiest race of modern times the one whoso laws have been termed its "most magnificent production" "more niagnifi, .'? .L . r -i .. .. lout itinu n? conquest ot i:ie worm; mo oilier, still engaged in forming its syster-i, but ono whicn we believe will, when fully developed l>y Anglo-Saxon enterprise and knowledge, as far excel that of Koine as tbe commerce of the former race excels that of tho latter State, and hs much as Christianity can raiso human nature above the pre; cepls of Heathenism. Not Sca;vo!a, nor Kufua, nor Laboo, nor Sabiuus nor l'roculus. nor the united voices of Papinianus, Ulpianus, (Jaius, Panics and Modostinua were called from their closets to answer a question studied and elaborated for centuI lies; but a single modern judge, in tbe heat ; and excitement of a warm dispute, was to decide, almost on tho spur of tho moment, a new and important case. And apparant I iy wiinoui any assistance (rent this ancient : law, without a reference to it, hut complaining that the case had been but indifferently argued, Lord StowelI decides, iu 1827, in the case of tho slave Orac'e, (2 H?gg. p. D4) exactly in accordance with the law of his mighty predecessors; and when desirous of ; having his opinion confirmed, he sends it for comment to another distinguished An glo Saxon Jurist?Justice Story?he finds it fully confirmed. Can any law claim high I er human sanction! Mr. Justice McLean, in his dissenting opinion in tho Dred Scott case, rolics, inter alia, upon international law as a part of the common law of Missouri, to prove that !>rcd, having gone into Illinois, became free, and that "once free for an hour (he was) forever free," and did not become a slave again hv his return to Missouri. And Mr. Justice Curtis repeats the idea in his dissenting opinion. They evidently consider it one of their strong |>oints, and cite several decisions from didetunt Southern States in support of it. St not being our purpose at all to criticize these decisions, we liave not examined thorn; but unless based r<? some particular State law, we may safely venture tho prediction that, after alien ' tion lias boon so strongly called by this i case to the opinions <>t Lord Stoweli and Justice Story,and alter Mr. Justice Nelson's lueid and able opinion on the subject, there will not ho many more such south of Ma son and Dixon's lino. lie that as it may, I however, as these dissenting opinions chiefly rely on international low, so they may be easily answered by the international jut postliminii, and by the great authority of Lord Stowell and j ustiee Story, Y. The Arctic Regions. bayard Taylor has returned to Stockholif) from his Northern trip, and in a letter to the Tribune, dated February Id, thus sums up the relative pleasure of travel in the Arctic and in tropical zone*: "It was precisely two months after our departure in December and in that time we had performed a journey of 2,200 miles, 260 of which were by reindeer, and neatly SOU inside of the Arctic Circle. Our frozen noses had peeled off, and the new skin showed no signs of the damage they had sustained?so that we had come out of the Gghl not only without a scar, but with a marked increase of robust vitality. "I must confess, however, that, interesting as the journey has been, and happily as we have endured its exposure, I should not wish to make it again. It is well to see the North, even after tho South; but, ns there is no one who visits the tropics without longing ever after to return again, so, I imagine, there is no one who, having seen n winter inside the Aretrc Circle, would ever wi h to see another. In spite of the warm* gorgeous, and ever-changing play of color hovering over the path of the unseen sun? in spite of tho dazzling auroral dances and the magical transfiguration of tlm foreste? the absence of true daylight, anil of all sigos of warmth and life, exercise at last a de' pressing influence on the spirits. The snow, so beautiful while the sunrise-setting illumination lasts, wears a ghastly monotony at all other times, and the air, so exhilarating, oven at the lowest temperature, becomes an oneiny to bo kept out when you know his terrible power to benumb and destroy. "To tho nativo of a warmer zoue this presence of an unseen destructive force in nature weighs like a night-mare upon the mind. The inhabitants of the North also seem to undergo a species of hibernation aa well as the animals. Nearly half their time is passed in sleep; they are silent in comr parison with the natives of the other parts , of tho world; there is little exuberant gaye i ty and cheerfulness, but patience, indiffer, once, apathy almost. Aspects of nature i which appear to be hostile to man often develop and brine into nlav his best enercries. i but there are others which depress and para, lyze his powers. I am convinced that the i extreme North, like the tropica, is unfavorai ble to the best mental and physical condition of the human race. The proper zone of man lies between 30 and 35 deg. north, i "To one who has not an unusual capaet\ ly to enjoy ihe experiences of varied travel, I should not recommend such a journey, i With me the realization of a long-cherished desire, the sense of novelty, the opportunity for contrasting extremes, and the interest with which the people inspired me, far outweighed all inconveniences aud privations. In fact, I was not fully aware of the gloom and cold in which I bad lived until we returned far enough southward to enjoy eight hours of sunshine and a temperature above the freezing point. It wan a second birth into a living world. Although we had experienced litllo positive suffering from the intense cold, except on the return from Muoniovora to Ilaparanda, our bodies had already accommodated themJ selves to a low temperature, and the sudden transition to 30 deg. above zero came upon us like the warmth of Juno. "My friend. Dr. Kane, once described to mo tho comfort lie felt when the mercury rose to 7 deg. below zero, making it pleasf ant to be on deck. Tho circumstance was then incomprehensible to nre, but is now ( quite plain. I can also realize the terrible sufferings of himself and his men, exposed t to a storm in a teniperntnro of 47 deg., when the same degree of cold, with a very light wind, turned my own blood to ice. "Most of our physical sensations are relative, and the mere enumeration of so many degrees of beat or cold gives no idea of their etlect upon the system. I should havo frozen at homo last winter at a temperature which I found very comfortable in Laplaud, with my solid diet id meat and ; butter. xnd rnv ammonia of reindeer. Tha f j 0 - 7 ? following is a correct scale of the physic#! effect of cold, calculated for the latitude of G5 deg. to 70 deg. north: " 15 deg. abovo zero?unpleasantly warra. ' Zero?tnild and agreeable. "lOdeg. below zeio?pleasantly fresh and bracing. "20 deg. below zero?sharp, but not severely cold. Keep your fingers and toes iu motion, and rub your nose occasionally. "30 deg. below zeio?very cold; tako particular care of your nose and exlremities: cat the fattest food, and plenty of it. "40 deg. l>elow?intensely cold; keep awake at all hazards, muffle tip to the eyes, and test your circulation frequently, that it may not stop somewhere l?cforo you know it. "50 deg. below ? a struggle for life. Tiie Yf.rdkna.?Verbena may be plant* od out in b(<W or mazes R" their various j colors. This is n method now in universal u*c, and by which the most gorgeous and beautiful cffcoU aie produced. The beds aro generally cut out of the nod, in the flower garden or lawn, of figures to suit the ! fancy, and oath bed tilled with plants of one color, which, as they grow, aro to be I pegged cIojwj to the ground, and not permitted to bloom, but nipped back frequently, until the bed is completely covered. A w itoiing with weak liquid manure, or with soap suds, will greatly assist in (lie brilliant effect nroduced. and great care is ncoesearr lo keep up a uniform and symmetrical i growth of 11 to plant*. Ladiea, who cultivate llio verbena in tiro house, will find it essential to secure an e?piablo temperature, with abundance of light and air, especially during the winter, for the plant is impatient of cold, and is injured by a few degree* of frost. For tho purpose of decoration, in littlo ciiv lot*, the verbena i* peculiarly adapted, as its grow th i* rpiite rapid, nnd it* profusion of da/Jiiing cluater* ?>t (lower* render* it beautifully ornamental, -Porter** Spirt!,