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PAGE TWO Negroes In C (F. Frank Gardiner in New York; "syndicate Times.) pendent c< Exploitation of the negro in Chi-j that distr cago, by politicians is regarded by, These gan many as the chief underlying cause of der the na the race riots in that city. The be-1 roll gainec stowal of political preferment, and' "Bill" I the license under which "everything; gambler, c went" in the Black Belt of the second fifth stree largest American city was tho intiam-j brazen wa mable part of the tinder which finally bling hous set the citv ablaze. did not b The influx of thousands of negroes down, and from the south In the last three years from the was a contributing factor. Their ar-( railroad s1 rival in an already congested district of seeming made expansion necessary. Steadily', lugs of tl the Black Belt, which stretches for drawn, five miles through the heart of the J Conclit densely populated south side of (.'hi- The nev cago, bulged out into what a few edly expos years ago was a choice residential dis-; Belt. Me trict. This continuous encroachment sometimes aroused protests and bitter feeling. I visited th The advance guard of the colored wrote loi race which moved into white neigh-, .Numerous borhoods was the better class of no- the police, gro families, who sought to escape so notorio the steady encroachment of the unde-j rets were sirable element of their own race, the Black They had no desire to antagonize 'luiet. exec their white neighbors. Their relations which wer had always been friendly. But they, Then ca were between two fires. Pressing al- the shape ways behind them was the influx of a reality dai lawless element of their own race, had no liq Few of the newcomers brought negro of them i women with them, and some Chicago didn't opei observers hold the absence of home or 1 a. m, life among them partly accountable which sur for the present trouble. the closing Political Power. ' sunrise. The second ward in Chicago is the| The old heart of the Black Belt. Eighty per! State strec cent of the voters in this ward are ing negro black. White men represented this country, I ward in the city council until 1915. halls. Th but now both aldermen are negroes. for a loni Two men control most of the negro lested, l>u vote in Chicago. They are Congress- council ps man Martin B. Madden of the First nance whi Illinois Distrist and George F. I lard-j on the nig ing, former alderman, later state sen- Cast spri ator, and now city controller. 'election c; It was the balance of power held by Thompson the negroes and swung by Harding election i that gave William Hale Thompson, i Black Belt more widely known as a pro-German When tl than for his kindnesses to negroes.'the lid w the nomination for mayor of Chicago! sorts whi. in the spring of 1915. Harding had ened. Th represented the second ward in Chi-! the centre cago for several years. He retired With tl and permitted Oscar Do Priest, a no- and prohi gro. to be elected. In return for this near futui favor the negroes swept the mayor- thorities ' alty nomination into Thompson's lap. stayed off Thompson won the nomination by a conditions margin of a few hundred votes. been unpr I)e Priest became one of the chief traveled t floor leaders in the city council for nowhere i the Thompson administration. His witnessed public career was cut short by his in- the notori dictment in connection with the al- on the sou logod collection of tribute in the State A Black Belt, but he was later acquit-1 Chicago a ted. Another negro succeeded him. blame for Then the second ward negroes grew the politic bolder, demanded both seats in the the negro, city council, and got them. | "The pc In his campaign for the nomination . j|ovno "h and election in 1915 Thompson ca-1 Pxtent bv iereu to trio negro voters. Alter h's white, on election he rewarded many of their afraid 5<? lcau?*i.-. with jobs. i with polit So openly did the Thompson crowd to have pc treat with the negroes that somebody Others dubbed the city hall "lTneie Tom's ings from Cabin." One man caused handbills to or three v be pr- setting forth a complete Munici{i cast .. characters, which included after sittii Mayor Thompson and other city hall court, wh jobholders, white and black. It got aj the offent big laugh, which is Chicago's usual women, sa good-natured way of disposing of her I "My op problems. in tliis cot Thompson had been mayor only a among col short time when evidence was appar-| erately fo ent that there was no lid so far as thej adminlstri Black Belt was concerned. From other thieves at sections of the city white men and lowed in t women of the old underworld, who colored pe had experienced some long, lean j pression, ' years, llorked to the neighborhood, as a warn White men bought saloons and caba- the law e rets, and pushed negroes to the front When ( as their ostensible owners. Soon the!0f (he nig Black Belt became known as the dis-l^ay, it is trict where everything "went." which irrc All-night cabarets were jammed <'abin" pa with whites and blacks until the; return. T morning sun streaked the sky over! 32, of win Lake Michigan. In other parts of tho tai of injn city saloons and cabarets closed at 1 patches n* a. m., but automobiles lined the curbs that perha for blocks all niuht in the Black Belt,'jured wltl and late comers stood in line forjthe police hours outside some of the more no- Governor torious "black and tan" cabarets wait- troops to > ing for a chance to get inside. Jazz mobs, tint bands filled the air with syncopated, Gen. Dick sound, while i:i the cabarets while and had been 1 blacks intermingled in carousal. It' Kor fivr was here that the "shimmy" dance by the riot is said to have originated. meats or i The rattle of dice and the click of Harding, t poker chips were seldom stilled in the ferment in heart of this district. Gambling was ence in t! conducted on a business basis. A bottles of THE LANCASTIT movement of supplies In thaV m ? tion was initiated at the same Negro undertakers began to pi for the burial of the dead. I the disturbance there had be funerals in the Black Belt, was formed, and no inde- Pre8Uniably Chicago has leai >uld operate successfully in ,esso|1 such as she never drew ct wit out its appro\al. numeroua surveys of negro .bling houses were run un- Uon8 ,n thftt cUy Qr frQm waf me of clubs, but a fat bank- Whether other American citie I easy admission to them. take tho ,esson to heart remaIm ..ewis, noted for years as a seen onducted a game in Thirty- Chlcago.8 negro population it near State street. * So fl . to estimate. The estlmat, s the conduct of this gam- from 50 000 to 175,000. There e that for a long time Lewis authentic information of recen other to pull the curtains on the subject. The Un|ted the games could be watched cengug taken m0 reports a platform of the elevated ,at,on of 44 1Q3 negroes ln c, :ation nearby. Finally, out In the ,agt three yearg howeV( * consideration for the feel- Increa8e has been enormous. T1 te police, the shades were ored population has grown moI idly in proportion to its number ions Generally Known. ftny Qther part Qf the cJty.g p vspapers of Chicago repeat- tb>n .ed conditions In the Black Juniug B WoQd of The C! mbers of the city council DaUy Newg who made an cxt denounced it. Reformers gurvey Qf lhe neRro problem ( e all-night cabarets and caRO e8tlraatod the colored p ng reports about them. U(m |n 1916 at ?5 000 Tho gtw complaints were made to flux of thoU8and8 of ncgroe8 frc Conditionsnnallybeca.no Soulh and (he contlnuous spn us that the all-night caba- the colored gect,on of the clt> closed. For a few weeks categ thnt the popuIation l8 mor Belt was comparatively 100 000 at present. It is a d 'Pt for tht> gambling games. population to count. Pr0bably e seldom molested. than 50 ppr cent are lodger8> me vice in ? new in Chlcago.8 IMack Belt is an a of clubs, which were in of haJf a mile w,de although lt .ce halls. These new places tQ Qne and tWQ mi,e8 |n w,dth . u?r "censes, although most tain pointg From Twenty_s sold intoxicants, and they street u rung gouth beyond a their doors until midnight tMrd 8treet South state 8treet . They caught the crowds backbone The south slde e]l ged out of the cabarets at raIlroad riIns through ,he heart ; hour and held them until di8trict Ug entire ,ength The State street surface car line is p Pekin theatre at 2.700 lzed almost exclu8lvely by nc t. for years one of the lend- Most of the Qthe, 8Urface car amusement houses in the ... _ ... .. .... coiiiiecunK me loop, v nica^u lecame one of these dance ineas distrlct> wlth the south 8ld tey were openly conducted throURh part of lhe nogro dl8tr i? time without being mo- Tho ea8(ern edge of the Ulac it early in 1918 the city ls a handsome residential distr issed an anti-cabaret ordi- wh|ch (hp negroes have pnon ch put a damper for a time 8teadily for year8. Its western ht life of the city. dary ,s a rajjroad and industri; lug. however, th emayoralty trict There are othpr rolore fime around again. Mayor tions the p,ty tWQ on the was a candidate for re- s,dp and onp on the wegt Rjd md was re-elected. The they aro reatrlcted in area. did its duty. Advantages of Negroes, .e primary campaign opened For vears neRroes lived in C as tossed overboard. He- vvlthoul f,.lctlon and without d! ch had been closed re-op- anrps of any kin(, f eadcs e Illack llelt became again racp held positlons ()f fru,.. of night actiiit.es. sands of them bought homes, he elections over in April of them achievod SUPre88 as la bition looming up in the phvs,cIans, and business, e. the hearts of the city an- ohlldren went to the public s (vore softened, and the lid wlth whitP childn,n. There w In the last lew months segregation. Some negroes hel in the ltl.uk lhdt have j?t. offioo. both elective and appo ecedented. Men who have Twe|Ve negroes have served he country over say that niinols 8(ate |0gislaturo. n the United States have ? has bpen 8a|d ,hat ,.h such scenes as they saw in probably wield more power l ous "black-and-tan" resorts, nt.g|.0es than with anv other th side In Chicago. class in'the United States. Ti ttomey Maclay lloyne of ored people in Chicago have few days ago laid the churches, which had a member* the race riots at the door of 1910 of 111.870. Their metnb dans, who, he said, taught is probably much'larger now. s disrespect for the law. nro fi 11 :i ti < !: 11 v nm<nftfmic nml >liee department," said Mr. ?>f the larger ones maintain ei as been demoralized to such inent agencies. Many of then the politicians,' black and duct day nurseries where child r the south side that they are car. for while their mothers w arrest and prosecute men Chicjfgo has two institution ieal backing or who claim ducted by colored people for m< tlitical influence." of their own race, which are i have issued similar warn- of their kind. One is toe fro time to time in the last two hospital, at 16 West Thirt: ears. street, which has figured promt >al Judge Harry M. Fisher, in the day's news concerning th r.g for a time in the morals ing. The other is the Wahnsl ere the larger per cent of nue department of the Young lers were negro men and Christian association, at .1.7611 lid: Wabash avenue, conducted exc inion. based on observation 'y lor colored men. irt, is that crime conditions The Provident hospital Is tin ored people are being delib- ing institution of its kind in th< stered by the present citv ed States. With the Natlian M I ition. Disorderly cabarets, $30,000 homes for nurses, the id depraved women are al- represents an investment of $1'J he section of the city where and is free of debt. Its affai ople live. They have an ex- conducted exclusively by negro< the law is around tonight.' about one-third of the sufferers ing to behave, so seldom is for there are charity patients, nforced." for the establishment of this i hicago began to come out tion was Kiven by Philip I). Ai htniare of rioting last Frl- Marshall Field, and tleorge M probable that the smiles man- deceased, and H. II. Kohl: seted that "Uncle Tom s retired newspaper publlsheer. rody had worn off, never to Negro In.situtions. he city's roster of dead was The Y. M. ('. A. establishmet >m 14 were white. The to- $185,000. It has more than ired was given in press dis- members, and 150 young men ? 300, with the probability its dormitories. The negroes ips 200 others had been In- their own stores and theatre: tout making any report to there is a bank conducted by a and hospital authorities, and patronized almost exelusi-. Low den had sent 6,000 members of his race. Many ni <uard the city and c|uell the pers are published by and for n lor the direction of Adjt. 111 * man, and apparently quiet "Unl-Snap Heats the Host lra| restored. Made," Mrs. P.nii'y Shaw Sa i days the district affected . ' "M* h,'8btt"? 11 bought a 50c box of RAT-SNA I ing had been without iresh jrap only caught 3 rats but /egetables. City Controller SNAP killed 12 in a week. I'm vho owes his political pre- without RAT-SNAP. Reel i large measure to his influ- raise chicks withou . ,,i - ., i* . ? RAT-SNAP conies in cakes, ho Black Belt, sent 2.000 gjzps 26(, 50c $, on an(| milk into that area and the anteed by Bennett-Terry Co. NEWS, LANCASTER, S. C. ulrec-j in Chicago. Some are local, but oth- VMM time. | ers have national circulation. The repare) Defender, published by R. S. Abbott. Q| .|| luring' has the largest circulation of its kind en no in the United States. In Chicago, as elsewhere, negro ned a negro families of the better class have weakened from always been ambitious to get into bet- This bei condi- ter homes and better surroundings, gaStive^o nings. | This has been one of the chief causes working i s will | of complaint. The entrance of colored Joyed* by1 3 to be residents into highclass white neigh- Por ov< j borhoods has always been met with weak'nees is dif- protests, and sometimes with threats, vanclng : es run Sometimes real estate operators were d?otlon!m< s is 110 back of these invasions. They hoped loclosed I _. , ? . containing t date to protit by affecting real estate value, thorn as y States A study of the negro housing prob- KVKV popu-j lent in Chicago made by the Chicago ??? licago. School of Civics and Philanthropy re- . .. . Ill UUIU Ui *r, thejvealed that colored tenants paid dis- Week tie col-j proportionately higher rent for their merce sul] o rap-] apartments, which, as a rule, were In Ju;nt jegj, s than, poorer repair than those of their lm- reconuner opula- migrant neighbors. bm t}] hicago DAYLIGHT SAVING BILL W"1 be cc state com ensive WILL COME UP TODAYI resentativ n Chi-^ , advisory c idyU|n ' 'lia' Will lk* Made to Over- The pi ?m the! ride Presidential Veto and approved ^ad 0ri ?<? to Sun Time. mittee. w , | the senat r Indl- , , . have righ e than | Washington, Aug. 18.?Despite the |g proposi IfflcultJ pre-eminence of the peace treaty con- measure 1 more troversy and the high cost of living . ... | Final s< I question, much other important legls-, verage^ iation faces congress this week. J over repei flares. Railroad legislation will be pressed 's planned it cer-j an effort second! _ __ ___ _ ___ _ _ president' Sixty-! C* UNBURN failure re la the; Apply V.poRub Mry two" pvated. |iKhtly?it soothes Previous of the the tortured skin. the last V' South ?-f-\TA D/YOf house fail atron-1 J YAFOKUD^l the law w (groes. ' OUR BODYGUARD"-30f. 60?CTT2Q Secreta linos s bus le. run i iot. | k Belt >ached j 4 4Smoke \ bOUn-j 111 dis-! (1 HOCHOUth e, but EH1 ffcfi hicapo ^B ^B ^B Isturbn;r: r? /\i out Their no J / 'mmm H E '"- w JLJ urehes it* IB ditp in ership ^_ Tliev I jfi ami ii conen sire fe ?1 d JLJS.CJ.k3 nodels vident a /-sixth ^ yiHJ Men's Sou,h From] the 1 been the worlt ]It has been Freer! Centuries. To plant in cigarettes tl r, 0?";1 combined. Oi Z. and! of Virtf inia-Ca Money! And only nstitu-' V iritlnla-Caro rn'?"r all of that relli . F'ull9aatt a ' . Put the pro it rost j 1,500 live M 7Tt/> TJ5 m a ... r: tied \ The! RAT-1 never. con I' t It."I Three1, guart TUESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1919. AGE STARTS WITH YOUR KIDNEYS aya that old aire begins with swallow of water. The oil stimulate* kidneys and digestive organs, the kidney action and enables the ing true. It Is easy to believe organs to throw off the poisons which keening the kldneva end dl- cause premature old age. New life aud rgans cleansed and In proper strength incase as you continue th? order old age can be deferred treatment. When comp etely restored irolonged far beyond that en- continue taking a capsule or two each i the average peraon. **7- <*>?-? M&DAL. Haarlem Oil Capaulee will keep you In health and vlgoi >r 200 years GOLD MEDAL, and prevent a return of the dteeaae. Of) has been relieving the Do not wait until old age or disease es and disability due to ad- have settlnd down for good. Oo to youi fears. It la a standard old- druggist and got a box of OOLC remedy and needs no Intro- MEDAL. Haarlem Oil Capsulss. Money SOLD MEDAL Haarlem Oil Is refunded If they do not help you. Three n odorless, tasteless oapsuDs sizes. But remember to ask for tht ( about 6 drops each. Take original Imported GOLD MEDAL brand, ou would a pill, with a amall In sealed packages. ranches. Before the end of on a permanent military policy to the i the senate Interstate com* senate military committee' tomorrow, ' committee, drafting pcrina- in further hearings on the war deflation, hopes to report its partment bill to create an army of idations with a tentative S76.000 men, with compulsory mllle full committee. Hearings lary training for 19-year-old youths, intinued by the house inter- Legislation to change army courtmerce committee with rep-, martial procedure is up for consldera iruium acco ; m ade d I beginning Virginia-Carolina has d's favorite tobacco. cultivated and Improved for three day?five time* more of it Is smoked ban all the foreign-grown tobaccos lly the lively taste and rich flavor rollna tobacco can account for this. In a cigarette made entirely of Una do you get the full flavor and ?h and zest. of up to Piedmont. >. _ /l * ryima* Carolina Cigarette Imont I 4 es of the railway executives*] tion tomorrow by a senate military :ommittee to be heard today, sub-committee. Former Judge Advoohibition enforcemenridll. cate General Samuel T. Ansell is to by the senute judiciary com- appear in criticism of present military ill be reported favorably to! ju?tico methods and to suggest ree. Other minor bills now forin Th0 ncw oil land leasing bill t of way in the senate, but it , . , . . . ... . , ,, '. . . is to be taken up tomorrow by the ;d to call up the prohibition ate in the week. senate, and after its disposition bills ettlement of the controversy to develop whatever powers are to be il of the daylight saving law framed by committees. 1 Tuesday in the house, with Vaughan, Farmer, Tells How He to pass the bill over the I^jst All His Prize Nee<l Corn. s veto. In view of the house , ... . "Sometime ago sent away tor some cently to muster the neces- pe,||Kreetj see(j corn. Put it in a gunthirds vote to override the ney aaok and hung it on a rope susveto, it is doubted whether pended from roof. Hats got it all? eto can be annulled. If the how beats me. but they did becase 1 I. 10 override the new veto. ?? V?" p .'it after trying RAT-SNAP. Three sizes. ill stand Indefinitely. 25c, 50c, $1.00. Sold and guaranteed ry Baker will give his views by Bennett-Terry Co. t Virginia- Carolina Straight9 9 JI 1,. . . / I V- . 3 years ? ? ? >. rginia