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I <_j I VOL. 12, NO. 33, MIN I DECIDES TO ARM ALL: DRASTIC ORDER \i AT WHITE HOUSI From Sick Red, President Ordered That Merch Ships Be Armed. Washington, March 0.?f Wilson, from a sick bed, tc dered the arming of AmeHc chant ships against Germans less submarine warfare and same time issued a proclamat inr an extra session of con, B meet April 16. The president's decision ca denly late this afternoon, fi the action of thr> ?onn?o vr>u?. revising its rules to permit action on important questio the submission of formal opii Secretary Lansing and Attorr eral Gregory that lie has th to arm merchantmen withou by congress. Details of the nient'B armed neutrality plani fending the merchant marli withheld to avoid endangerln leans and their ships by pe the Information to reach Ge The only statement at th< House and the navy departm that the president had det fully to protect American rig! Only the Next Step. The decision, coming at th a period of tense waiting, v erally hailed as the natural avoidable next step in th adopted by the president v broke ofT diplomatic relatio v- Germany, and gave warning United States could not tok tacks on American ships and in violation of international Fraught with the grave pr of war with Germany, the aci taken by President Wilson 01 he was convinced that Gem tually was proceeding with 1 paign of ruthlessness and hf efforts to plot with Mexico a i against the territorial integrii # United States. Long before the order w; from the White House, all 11 preparations for the arming chantmen had been complete navy department. Thrill in Senate. The president's decision thrill through the senate, mc special session, and in gov departments. Still hoping t with Germany will be avoit rials declared that the issue 1 tirely with Germany. Formal announcement of ernment's policy was given in lowing announcement issue the White House.' "Secretary Tumulty stated nection with the president's an extra session of congress president is convinced that the power to arm Americj chant ships and he Is free to It at one. Hut so much n legislation Is pressing for en tion that he is convinced tl fof the best interests of the A Kntfo *?1 -- 1 * ** ii' null mi mi iv ?i:n'.iiin or ir fifth congress, whoso support also need in all mntters colh tho dofonso of our merchant i The proclamation calling t session read: The president's proelnmati Ing the extra session of cong lows: "Whereas public Interests that the congress of the Unite should be convened in extra at 12 o'clock, noon, on the 1 of April, 1917, to receive su r.uinlcatlonn as may be made executive; Now, therefore. I. Woodr son, president or the Unitei America, do hereby prod; ^ declare that an extraordlnar Ion requires the congress United States to convene session at the capltol in the Washington, cm the 16th April, 1917, at 12 o'clock, i which all persons who shall time be entitled to act as r thereof are hereby requested notice. "Given under my hand seal of the United States of thp 9th day of March In the (Continued on Page Tw . "he l REM T-WTETT/ITT V "THE fclORIOUS CITY" SHIPS CAPTURED BY BRITIE 5SUED BAGDAD IS SURRENDERI 3. BY THE TURKS. Wilson Fall of Ancient Town Mea ant End of Dream Cherished bj the Germans. r Vesidint' Keeping up their strong offens )clny or- ognlnst the Turks along the Tip river, the British forces tinder (5 an merMaude captured the important c s ruth- of naK(iad, thereby bringing to at the successful climax an operation ion call- gun early in lit 15. gross to Likewise in Persia the Turks i receiving hard usage at the hm me slid ?f ,,le Russians, according to Pet grad. In northwest Persia the it allowing 8jans have captured the town erda"y in Sahna, and tiie Ottomans who w< prompt driven out of Ilamadnn still are ns and re^reat> 1? Asia Minor along i aions bvlS,Vas ro:ul tl,f! Turks attempted to ,on the offensive but were repulse iey^Gen-i | No action of great importance 1 e P?wor,foeen repor^e(j from any Qf the otl t notion theatres of war. The Germans n govern-jNouvron. north of the Aisne, hj * for de- been engaged in a violent artill ne were duel with the French. Northwest g Amor- Rheims and near Bezonvaux attai rmittlng against French positions were rmany. tempted but were repulsed. 1 e White Roeaoh on the other hand carr ient was out successfully several surprise ermined tacks on German trenches. Her htH admits the retirement of the Germi before the British near Irles on S e end of urdflyras gen- ?n tke Russian front there hi and un- been only minor operations and e policy tillery activity. There still is rhen he npW8 concerning the situation ns with Roumania. that the | I-ocal artillery actions are in p rate at- Kre8B along the entire Austro-Ital citizens tront. law. An unofficial dispatch reports issibllity sinking ef the Danish steamer It tion was borg. while on a voyage from Ba rly after jmoro to Denmark. Six members inny ac ;,no rrew were killed. The dispai ier cam does not state whether the stean ul made was sunk by a submarine or a mi d Janno| fy of (ho l/AHOK PMCIHiKS SI TI'OItT is Riven'Offers Services to t'oiintry in <\ ecessnry! of War. of mor- Washington, March 12.?Organ *1 at the ed labor in America, through its prewentatives in conference here night, offered its services to I sent a country in every of activity eting in despite endeavorST and hopes, i ernment States should be drawn ii hat war war. led offl-j The action was taken by una rests en- |mous voto of more than 150 delega from national and international trr the g0v-|un,ons nfflUated with the Amerit ihe foi- Federation of T.n' or and 0v. < d from '''iat?d o-gauizations, including i great railroad brotherhoods, in eon- I *n a" about three million Arm call for cnn workers were represented in t that the ronferencet called to determine a he has announce the part to be claimed in mer-i'nl,or 'n national preparedn exercise P'ans. ecessar.v statement formally adopted a insiders- ,as,|p,l aftpr the meeting set forth int if Is addition to the offer, in case of w country various demands which were held te Sixty fundamentals in safeguarding I he will r *thts of v.orks in war times as w iteral to as ,n P??conarine." Militarism was protested again he extra '' was held that Industrial serv should be deemed equally meri Ion call- Hons as military service; that serv r*ess foi- should conform to trade union stai ards. and that organized labor shot require have representation on all agenc d States determining nnd administering pc session c'e8 of national defense and c< 6th day trolling publicity, ch com- The concluding paragraphs of 1 i by the statement, pledging labor's supp to the nation, follow: ow Wll-i "We. the officers of the natioi 1 States and international trade unions ?lm and America, in national conference y occaa- sembled in the capital of our nati of the hereby pled/pe ourselves In peace In extra 'n w??". in stress or in storm, i city of eland unreservedly by the standai day of liberty and the safety and p noon, of nervation of the Institutions a at that ideals of our republic, nembern, "In this solemn hour of our i to take tlon's life, It Is our earnest hope tl our republic may be safeguarded and the it* unswerving desire for peace; tl Afl'ierica People may be spared the horn year of and the burdens of war; that tl _ . may have the opportunity to cu o.) vate and develop the arts of pea AN CAS": LANCASTER, S. C., Tnosda "court of sessions escape now underway here kl 2D JUDGE S. W. G. SHIPP IS JOE CUN1 PRESIDING OFFICER. M ns Case Ageinst Evans Brothers Negro Mai , and RingstafT Has Been Set Near H; For Wednesday Week. Mor ive! The March term. Court of General "As a resu ;ris Sessions for Lancaster county, con- inflicted wh( en. vened yesterday morning with Judce the Lancai Itv S. W. G. Shipp presiding and Solid- Monday aft a tor J. K. Henry and Stenographer died In the be- Harry I. McCaw at their posts of Haile Gold duty. o'alork. Th nre The charge made by the presiding am N%,ls ' ",ds judge to the grand jury was brief but ^',irs ,ir r?- thoroughly interesting. He touched " tis- on the topics of good roads and edu- ^ 1,1,1 ... .. ... . . . Details ni o?;cation and the greater part of his , hut it appet Br<?, charge was confined to these two . a desperate in topics. 1 the I U1S i The first case called was that of s'farch -was Tom Harnett, charged with house- 8ljit that IVi ' breaking and larceny. The defend- fdund tho ( 1,18 ant entered a plea of guilty and sen- effect in tN tier tence of two years on the public nd once bee ear works was imposed. fatally won tve 7 , , pry I.em Strain, charged with assault nlnde to get of and battery of a high and aggravated *Tat medici nature and carrying a pistol was ar- RPve his lib aj. raigned and tried by jury. He was r|?nbl be a pj,e'convicted and sentenced to serve 18 ne8r? was ( i_,i1 months on the chaingang. i Cunningh the police i at- John Moses entered a plea of ba(j been ar din guilty to assault and battery of a (he Jast bei ins high and aggravated nature and was g,jn house at- sentenced to serve six months on the pjn in tbiH public works or to pay a fine of $50. court Qf Ke *\r The court this morning took up the and sentenc case of William Anderson, charged Coroner ( ^with enticing labor out of the State, this mornin " ... , , , ,. It is under A nolle prosse was entered in the L ,, . taches to t ro following cases: , ? . I the affair. 'an Hen Hilton, charged with selling ? (hp'and transporting whiskey. TElTT<? os- \v. M. Montgomery, disposing of lti- . , ,, Had Afinoii 1,1 property under lien. or < . h K. L. I-yles, obtaining goods under false pretenses. Gent v a, 1or Tlie fall of ne. John Adams, assault with intent ,.st surprise to ravish. Recording to The <|ueslion was taken up yester- those rapit; day of whether Walter Evans, Walter Quite ret "*'* Hingstatt and Ernest Evans.will be German pap tried at the present term on the 'nR to *ho ''7" charge of murder. Attorneys appear- ments sent i rp*|iug for the accused men said that Itagdad cou 1f>~ they were representing clients in ^ expe "1P several other murder trials at the Mr'V result ir-; present term and would therefore H&fcdad by I "u> prefer that a postponement be *he recall o lto granted and the case continued. It fighting at j was tinally decided to set the case Ueyl n'"jfor Wednesday of next week, but wr'lGa 'n ' h there appears to be some doubt about "Unless i u'e whether or not it will be tried at constituted 'an that time. against the "lf ' city will d the hands of th HOUSEWIVES WILE SAVE I Kifaat Pa iff- BY TAKING PURCHASES ambassador the for Constan md siders the s j(V Chicago, March 10.?Under a plan e8S which bus been tried in Austin, a sec- >|lt. |,E' it ion on the west side of the city, and which will be adopted by grocers < ongressina i? there next Monday, housewives who tn spi ar go to market, pay easn for their pur,n chases and carry tlient home will Lexington the paVe ? cents. The grocers have de- ninn A. F. I pjj cided on a fixed charge of 5 cents for 'fp Miss Lev delivery of purchases and 1 cent for here from . 1 charging them. morning, an tween now Ice i , . Al vening ot tl to- HANK RKPORTW cm ei? __ . press at tl ire . | North Main 1(1j Washington. March 10.?The to rest up i comptroller of the currency today ing the sho i |' issued a call for the condition of all always the illnational banks at the close of bur.i- is a very bus in- ! , ness on Monday, March 5. work never Lever's doe ^ busy at hoi or' human brotherhood and a higher ten{jance up civilization. ington. na "Hut, despite all our endeavors and hopes, should our country be drawn EST I MA a I into the mealstrom of the European' ?n' conflict, we. with these ideals of lib- indications ? ;erty and Justice herein declared, as . the indispensable basis for national . . rds Washlngt policies, offer our services to our re- ..... ury reports < country in every field of activity to jm>n( from ( defend, safeguard and preserve the sj m |republic of the United States of n a , , * . , government in(; America against its enemies, whom- Q()0 jn Jqco |nj soever they may be. rent nscal } lat "We call upon our fellow workers half times nrs;nnd fellow citizens in the holy name preceding t> ley of justice, freedom and humanity to, internal rev Itl- devotedly and patriotically give like ed to excee ce, service." crease of n fer Ne v. Mn.ro.Vi 13 1D17 I COM IS RESUME OF WAR Ft LLEO BV OFFICER THE LAST FEW! XING HAM SHOT BY ONE DANISH STEAMEP [R. HEGLAR. j- BEEN SUNK. tie Break For Liberty In Persia the Turks Are F tile Gold Mine Late ing Hard Usage at Hand idav Afternoon. Russians. | lit of ;i gun shot wound. London. March 11.?Gen. >n he tried to escape from crick Stanley Maude, in comn ster county chaingang the entente forces in Meso] prnoon. Joe Cunningham telegraphed today the welcoui chaingang camp near the for the British of the occi Mine last night about 11 early Sunday of the city of 1 e dead man was a negro the chief Turkish city in Me rving a sentence of ten mia and formerly the capital son. The fatal shot was empire of the caliphs, nstable Heglar. a guard No details of the capture h iigang. been received, Gen. Maude's s r the/ killing are meagre, the operations carrying evenl irs that Cunningham was up to Saturday morning \vh character and when he British had driven iim Tn.b : ot-s!*.vay an immediate to within thre< miles of Bitgd instituted, with the ro- is evident, however, tliat the r. Heglar fired when he have been unable to offer any ;?nvict. The bullet took resistance since the fall of > negro's abdomen and it Amara. ame evident that he was | Tho Turks were said to t inded. An eflort was r|edly summoning reinforc him to ( olumbia. hoping ,but the distances to be covers il attention there mightjso great that additional force e, but before this idea unable to arrive in time to k; uccessfully executed the anoient city which, after Mec -ea<^- leupied first place in the Mol am had a bad record with dan mind. and county officials. lie The faU Qf Hagdad besidp8 rested on several charges. Qerman hopRR of Nfiar ^ ng that he had burned a I . . . ? . " i minion, based on a Berlin60 bales of cotton and a ; .. . . ,, , railway, it is believed, will mo countv. He was tried at . ..... . T, ... . rehabilitate British prestige neral sessions in Octobei ? ? , . ? . , ., I Far East, damaged by the ed to serve 10 years. . , ..... . , loss of Kut-el-Amara. ^askey went to tli.j scene . . . 1 \ Perhaps no more welcom g to hold an in?iuest, but . , . .. could come at a time when tt stood that no blame at- . . . ,. , .. lish public for the first time, o he chaingang guard for ,, . , . . the submarine war. is hegini feel the efTects of the ws greatly reduced food supply JS W hltK SI HPBISKI) being thrown into depression revelations of the Dardane iH'Ctl It.-igdad I'oiild Held port. Eater news must be i Bit Indefinitely. before it is known whothci via Pari.- March 12. ^Rude mado Important capt Bagdad caused the greats T,l,kish or runs. # in Berlin and Vienna. Apparently the occupation news i'ppp ...I r footed without resistance .n> i only slight 108868. EVI n if thf :ently the Austrian and ?" extricating al ters announced that, ow- force8- the 1,,sp of Bagdad is : large Turkish reinforce- b!ov to ,hom- as the oi,>* ha from Aleppo and Smvrna the base of al1 Turkish opera Id hold nut Indefinitely ,>ftraia- "P to witbin a re' eted here that one of the a*?' the Tu,ks occupied ah 8 of the occupation of'000 s''uare ilos of Persia* he British troops will he ,or>'- but wi,h ,b" Russians p f all Turkish contingents,,hem c,?8e,y fr?m Kirmnasl the various fronts. wel1 as froni tho direction oi er. the military critic. rum- indications point to a e Journal des Geneve: junction of the British and 1 i new Ottoman army is foroes wbich wou,d soon rom for a new campaign Turkish evacuation of Persia. forces of Gen. Maude, the Befalls Gi\en. efinitely remain i: t,. T1i? statement was issued e English oeipt of a te'egrani from Gen. isha. the former Turkish 8a>in* ,b? "Hfish fore s ha, at Paris, left here today Bagdad early Sunday m tinople. He says he con- details of the capture of t ituation serious. contained. During today the fol'ov 5ng i'KIt \T I\GT< >\ report was rec-iv. d. ?v tions up to Saturday morn'nj n Trying to Get Brief He- :,,M Turks had been forced * ite From Labor. within tlveo m'les w t an' west of the citv. i. March 12.?Congress- ?0up forros onEafed ,v .ever, Mrs. Lever and lit Tnrks on (ho DiaH ,,no the n er. arrived at their home (ho gfh suocppded d, th? Washington on Friday moonl,Kht in pffertln., a s d wll spend the time he- (>rossjnE of fhp nia,fl ind p,( and the time of the con intr o l!trnn? .. ^ .% ?r??rv| (Ml I II*" I mil ie special session of con (hereof. Meanwhile on the leir attractive home on ,pjf of ;ho 8fh tho TigrJs h?v!) street. Mr. Lever expect* fogged nj some distance is much as possible ?lur- n1roini a Rritish deta-hmc-.t rt period, bet row. as * ^ l|p ?'pht hank and foti case with Mr. Lever, he enerny holding a position ah> ly man. A congressman s mjjp?, southwest of Ragdad. ends at any rate MY. "The enemy was driven frc b not for he is just as pnf,jfjnn f0 another position tw ne as he is while n .a.- |n rpar During the night on the sessions at V? ash ft paMage 0f the Diala wj ed and our troops advancet four miles towards Ragdad. TK ON INCOMK TAX "During 'he n?h n'ir forcps right hank (Tigris) drove the Are (internment Will from his second position. 1 t $aoo.ono,o<M?. ing on the ground gained. T on. March 12.?Prelimin- vantage, notwithstanding a t to the treasury depirt- dust storm and a violent gr >verv section of the court- pressed on the morning of th arch 1. indicate that th-- the Turks being Torced back t will collect $.200.ooo.- in three miles west and sot me taxes during the cur- of Bagdad." rear, or about two and a Bagdad's capture marks oh much aa during the nex to one of the most dram* velve months. In all. the picturesque phases of thf 'enue receipts are expect- war. The city which has ff d $700,000,000, an in- British arms links the prese early $200,000,000. past so distant that it is sen ws $1.50 A YEAR in Irurnw nnnftimi mi jk tvrm hjsibiliit MVS THAI WAR IS COMING t HAS ARMED NEUTRALITY SURE TO CAUSE BREACH. teceiv- President Hopes That He Will Is of Have No Cause to Ask For Declaration. Fred- Washington. March !>.?Armed land of neutrality will he the status of the ptamia. United States the moment tlie first c news merchant ship under the \iie-itan upatlon flag puts to sea with cannon mountSagdad, ed for defense. President Wilson made this char ot the jn |,js address to congress February 26 when he asked specific authority ave yet to arm merchant shins for defense tory of against submarines the steps he oris only dercd today upon his own responslen the Lility. s hack Writers on international law li tre ad- 11 j,eld tliat armed neutrality orsfsts Turks jn pincing the country in a position serious (p (j,.fen,i jtsolf and its i "'p-ality . ^frainut ? 1 * ~ "1_ vtn cmcuru (IlltirKS ' F 111 ? roads by belligerents. >e hut- This staflo of preparedness may einents ]ast an indefinite length of time, d were through good fortune In avoiding ?s were contact with belligerent forces afloat ive the or ashore, or through the design of ca, oc- the heligerent to confine its declaralarame tion of purpose to infringe the neutrality of a country mere threatl ending unsupported by action. *rn do- On the other hand, the status o Bagdad armed neutrality may change to on* re than of actual hostility through a collisin the ion?such as a submarine attack on earlier an armed merchantman. President Wilson has said that it e news may not he necesssary to put armed le Brit- forces anywhere into action. All will wing t depend upon the future attitude of tiing to Germany and the treatment of A merit in a lean ships by German submarine besides commanders. by the In his address to congress the lies re- president said: "I am not now proiwaited posing or contemplating war or any I r Gen. *tops that lead to it. I merely re- 1 uros i' nuest that you will accord -no by your own vote ami definite bestowal1 ' was of- the m-ao and authority to safeguard. \ '1 with in prnct: e 'he right of a great pro ? T irk- pie who r. .?t peace and who are ( II th>'i- desirous of exercising none hut the ' l grave tights of peace to follow the pur- ' is been suit of peace in quietness and good* lions in will.- | iv days ?? lit JO,- ions. The hi?tory of Bagdad reaches.; ' i terri hack for 4.tH>0 years to the shadowy ressing times of King Nebuchadnezzar of tail, as Babylon, a quay built by the Scrip? f Krze- tnral monarch still existing submerg? speedy r,i the Tigris. Within its precinotB; Russian also there still stand the tombs of pel the the Jewish prophets Joshua. Ezra and * Ezekiel and the well of Daniel. 3 Done after the Babylonian dynas- " i'"' re- tv had ceased '<> t>? mo c than * Mn'iil memory Bagdad rose to splendor as J l oeru- tpp artistic, literary, scientific and * ornine. religious capital of the world. The ^ he c>ty heart of the great Islamic empire o * the caliphs for h tied reds of years, t * offici i' was known throughout the world at ? "the glorious city' and was thi *1 r when - one of the fmtastie e\n'oits of Ha- * > \1 Rps"h: ' the vo*?ntate H M'th >. e magnicavio i- m. 1 ;n ^ the Arabian Nights. ' 1 ith the Onee IxmI World I i ht of \hont 800, A. I)., B? a * ctt ilit.fi ith a population of : urprlse 000 souls and war easily th- first, aid s'-. ty of the world in wealth and com-' t hank merce. With the fall of the caliphn* morn- before the Turkish sultans, the de-. ip hern cline of Bagdad commenced. It waftdown successively the prey of Turks. Mon-'l march- gols, Tartars and Persians, but lfd ind the was not until 1 ^8 that the city he- L out six came definitely a part of the Tur- ' kish empire. Its ancient importance r >m this was largely due to the fact that 11' 0 m'les istood at the centre of the lines of of the communication between India and' es fore- Persia and the West, hut th<*openinjf 1 some of new routes by way of TrebizoneP and through Armenia diverted iti on the trade and was a vital factor In it#' cnomv decline. i* >lVouae-i The British campaign against Bar his ad- dad was opened early in 1915 whef* dinding an Anglo-Indian force under Ma; ?le wa-- Gen. Charles Vere Ferrers Towi? e 10th shend was launched at the head <^: o with the Persian gulf and moved rapidf*1 uthwesf up the Tigris. The primary obje <" iof th-> expedition was to obtain the cli valuable oil wells in the region ' itic and th?> mouth of the Tigris, hut the tT s world timate and far greater object was t ^ illen to shattering of the great Germ r* nt to a It ui-rabu- (Continued on Page 9) W I