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' ADDRESS ON I BY HON Delivered Before the Nortt at Montreat Realising that the press is the most potent of all agencies In molding sentiment, in shaping public policies, and to promoting all movements tot public welfare, I count it not only a pleasure and an honor, but a great opportunity m well, to speak to the members of the North Carolina Prcsf Association. In my opinion, with the exception of the teachers and others actively engaged in educational work, the editors of North Carolina have con-tributed more for less pay than any others to the educational progress of this state during the thirteen years of my administrutiou. With the exception of the public school, the public press is perhaps the greatest in' ntrumentality for public education. Appreciating your activity and assistance in this great work in the past, I shall take the liberty of talking to you today informally, as to friends and co-oworkcrs in a great cause for the common good, about some of the most important parts of our educational program. If time permitted, I should like to discuss with you three big problems that now l-.old important places on our program of educational work in thin state: 1. Rural education.?Its ndapta non 10 rur.ii me. 10 me evervday needs of the eountry people that constitute 82 per cent of our population, preparing them to make the most and to get the most out of all that is about them?soil, plant, and animal, the three great sources of wealth? and to use what they make and get In the best ways to enrich, weetcn, beautify and uplift country life socially, morally, intellectually, spiritually, making It the ideal life that men will seek and love to live The development of a type of country school by reasonable consolidation ? and local. taxation, of not less than three teachers, adequately equipped in all respects to give such preparation, vocational and cultural, to coun . try boys and girls, and to become the r social, intellectual, industrial, and civic center of the whole community. We have been working on this nrnhlem for some vears and we are beginning to have some encouraging success in the establishment in a number of counties of farm-life schools, rural high schools, and consolidated rural district or community schools prepared to give instruction and training in rural-life subjects. You are acquainted with this work etui have given it your hearty support in the past, and I bespeak the same in the future. 2. More Efficient Teaching and Supervision. ?Increased compensation, increased qualification, professional preparation, and professional protection for teachers and superin tendents of schools, raising the most delicate and* difficult of all work committed to man to the dignity of n profession requiring reasonable special preparation. 3. Adult Illiteracy and Its Elimination.?Tlte limitation of the time, However, *1)111 p* is in* id * tinuMii iii.vSI'lf with the briefest statement of the first two problems, with which von are already familiar, ami to devote the remainder of my time to the third problem, with which you are less familiar. With 12.:t per cent of the total white population over ten years of age and 14 per cent of the white voting population unable to read or write, according to the last census, the editors of North Carolina \ylll agree with the teachers and all othc** patriotic citizens, that the reduction and flnnl elimination of illiteracy is one of the first r.nd most urgent educational dutlo8--a duty already too long neglected. The recent decision of the United States supreme court in the Oklahoma suffrage amendment case adds new emphasis to this question of adult white illiteracy in North Carolina. In the enactment and enforcement of the compulsory attendance law for children between tho ages of 8 and 12, conservatively strengthened later, will be found a most effective means for the elimination of illiteracy in the rising generation and Its prevention in future generations. The present crop of adult illiterates already beyond the reach of the regular public schools must be ? reached by some other means. They constitute an army of 122,189 native white illiterates, of which 49,710 are a native white illiterates of voting age, 140 out of every thmisand white voters unable even to rOad their ballots ?an army marching under the black banner of 'gnorance, a prey to all the EDUCATION ! I. J. Y. JOYNER t Carolina Press Association , July 1, 1915. t ills that follow In the wake of ignor: ance, a menace to all that is best in , civilization, in democracy, doomed to darkness, inefficiency, Intellectual l and industrial bondage, ambitlonless, : hopeless, unless aome effective means ! be found and found quickly for their i relief and llborption. i This army of adult illiterates is an 5 inheritance from former generations, 1 from slavery, from an aristocratic ( ! instead of a democratic civilization. 1 from civil war and the devastation, ' the poverty, and the destruction of ' ' our school system and Institutions ? i that followed. It must inevitably r handicap the progress of the state, 1 discourage immigration of the desir- ' able sort, and in the future, as in the past, invite the sneers of the scorner I and the defamation of the witling to the shame and injury of the state for i the next two or three generations, i unless we And and put into imraedi' ate operation some effective means of i reducing, and, if possible, eliminating adult illiteracy during this generation. It is our duty to the state and to these illiterates who are bono of our bone and flesh of our flesh, and who are not responsible for their illiteracy, to seek and And a way to reach and teach them without further delay. 1 These are the tragic facts about 1 white Illiteracy In North Carolina. ' I Let tliera speak for themselves? speak to the hearts of men, to the c love of humanity in men, to the 1 sense of duty in men. to the judgmeut r 1 and the patriotism of men, to the de- ' sire for safety and self-preservation 1 in men! r Ily the accident of birth, the. for- r I tune of environment, the love of our r j fellow-men, expressed in private and 1 I public schools for us, here sit wo ' smugly in the light; yonder at our ^ doors are our brothers, thousands of ' them, in the shadow of the world, in r the bitterness of darkness, in the ' bondage of illiteracy?mature men 1 and women, old men and women, but ^ < hildren still? r i ; J "Children crying in the night, f I Children crying for the light, <1 I And with no language but a crv." d That cry, from tho depths of some divine despair, rising from mountain- 11 top and rove, from plain and valley, r ringing in the ears of men, ascend- n ing to the courts of heaven?shell we ? rT not heed it? Duty points tho way. conscience lights the path. Shall we ' not go down to them, these grown- '' up children, these lame ones -lame of niind, lame of soul, lame, so many 1 of them, from their mother's womh. 1 lame, most of them, because, in tho '' | language of one of them, they j "hain't never had no chance?" Shall '' i wo not. go down to them, and hid ' ' h? m mi tho name ot .losus Christ of N"a::arcth, "lliso up and walk?" Shalt we not take them by the h: nd and lift them up, that tliey may gather strength to stand alone, to walk alone, to live in the light, to dwell i nthe darkness nor more forever? n Kd iters of North Carolina, yon ( i have it in vour power more than any ( j ntliers to get these facts before the '' ! people, to hammer them into their | minds and souls until they are arous- 1' ed to their manifest duty to these less i: fortunate brethren of theirs, to help s in the presentation and the suceesf ' ful execution of the plans for the 8 elimination of illiteracy in North n Carolina. '' I do not need to remind you that you would be great palners in the increased circulation, the appreciation, and the influence of your papers from the elimination of illiteracy r and the dissemination of intelllpence. O I make my appeal on hipher prounds ?o this body of men. confident that ' now, as in the past, They will respond ^ promptly and enthusiastically to the hiph call for the hetterment of their ^ fcllowmen and the honor and safety ri of their state I do not need to say more, then, than simply in conclusion to outline in brief our plan for the elimination , ti of illiteracy and indicate how you ^ may help, through your papers, In the ^ successful execution of these plans. g We have now In press for general distribution through the state de n partment of public InHtructton a bulletin of information giving the facta about illiteracy in the state and In each county, containing short argu- T' nients and appeals from the heads of " a number of professional, civic, soclal. Industrial, and agricultural or- <t gunizations and orders of the state ti that have pledged their enthusiastic co-operation In this work. This bul- ' "j letln will be used for carrying on the Cl THE LANCASTER N publicity campaign for getting tbe 'acts before tbe people and arousing hem to action. It will, of course, be lent to every newspaper in the state Irst, the contents to be used by the nlitcr as he sees tit, supplemented )f course, by editorials from week to veek. This bulletin will be followed by mother that will be a hand-book for he teachers and workers. This will tontain twelve lessons, three a week 'or four weeks, in reading, writing, ind artihmetic for adult illiterates, .ogether with suggestions to the .eachers. By an amendment to the ichool law, 1915 the names of all idults as well as non-adult illiterates n each school district are required o be reported in the school census >f the district. Personal invitations nd solicitation from friends, neigh>ors, associates in lodges and other irganizations, and all other tactful neans will be used to induce these lliterates to enroll in the "Moonlight schools," which are simply night ichools, conducted on moonlight lights, if possible, for the convenence of the country people in reading the school. These schools will be conducted In he schoolhouse or, if more convenent, In some other place, at least hree nights a week for at least four veeks. Of course, we shall have to mnl-l- -* - *' *..3 uj.niiijf up??u iue pudlie scnooi eachers to volunteer for the teachnjr. Many of them have already inlicated their willingness to do this. )thers will he given opportunity to olunteer at summer sehools and eachers' institutes this summer an I ater at county teachers' associations. The teachers can alway^^e relie<l ipon to do their part in every al* ruistic movement for community ini rovemcnt and civic betterment. This art of the work will necessarily he argely under the direction of the ounty superintendent, tin* teachers, he county board of education and onimitteemen as it is distinctly eduational. The "Moonlight Schools" have roved successful In dealing with this irobletn of adult Illiteracy in other daces, notably in Kentucky, where hey wero first inaugurated about liree years ago, in Rowan county, by itrs. Cora Wilson Stewart, at tha; ime superintendent of schools of that ounty. The story of the movement n that state under her wonderful eadership is inspiring and the results lave been marvelous. Kargcly as the esult of the discussion of this subect nt the annual meeting the State Association of County Superintenents. at the Teachers' Assembly last Jovember, eighty-two "Moonligh; tchools" were conducted in twentyine counties in this stat" last yea'-, nrdllng sixteen hundred illiterates, f ::n average age of forty-five. most, f whom learned to rend and write, 'lie forthcoming bulletin contains an \:v t reproduction of a letter written v an adult illiterate on the fourth ight of bis attendance upon one o:' iicse schools in C ihiribus county. ... I III.-II I.III-, |M ;-u eyond the expt rinient.il stage. Adult illiteracy will lie one of the rincipal subjects emphasized this r during "Community Service" k early in October, and 1mmed: d\ following that week these Moonlight #S diools" will be opened nd conducted for at least a month i all parts of the state. Local organizations like the Fariers" I'nion, Jnnlor Order, Women's dubs. School Improvement Leagues, hnrches, Sunday schools, etc., will e asked to co-operate with teachers nd school authorities in securing atendance, in meeting any necessary acidental expenses, and in providing hort social entertainments of varans sorts to make the pupils of these chools feel at home and comfortable nd to make it pleasant and interest rig for them. The county papers will be asked'to ublish in their columns or in a little upplement each week's lessons a eek in advance. The names of nost fflce addresses of (he illiterates enolled in the schools will be furnish(1 the paper, with the request to send copy of the paper containing the reek's lessons to each pupil, who rill be directed to bring it to school ith him each night. The paper will e his text-book. As he learns to cad. he will, of course, have the alance of the paper for additional ractice in reading. Short news Items from each disrict, soni" of them about happenings 1 these schools, in words and senmces comprenhensible to adult beinners in reading, will be sent to ie paper weekly. In this way they an he interested and encouraged ' A Cough Remedy That Relieves. j It's prepared from the healing ] ine Italscim. Tar and Honey?all ! lixed in a pleasant, (toothing Cough vrup railed Dr. Hell's Plne-Taror.ey. Thousands have benefited by s use?110 need of your enduring tat annoying eoupli or risk'ng a mgerous cold. Go to your dealer, ?k for a 25c original bottle of Dr. ace ar.d get rid o? your cough and ; >ld. 2 EWS JULY 23, 1915. ' 1 *>' 1 J '1 L1 ' from the start. If the county papers ! will co-operate with us in this plan, I I believe that it will prove the most < successful plan yet devised for teaching udult illiterates. The printing of the lessons and the ^ locals and the extra copies of tho paper could not cost much. In addltion to the sweet reward of an ap- v proving conscience for a valuable s service rendered, the editors would, a I believe, soon reap a financial reward in advertisement and increas* . ed subscription list. A very large majority of those to whom the paper ' was sent, as soon as they learned to read, would become permanent buI>- f, Rcrlbers and grateful friends to the ^ paper. Tfie editors and the teachers of n North Carolina occupy the strategic t] position in this plan. Without their ^ voluntary services, involving some (| sacrifices on their part, these plans j( cannot be successfully carried out: r this work will fail, thousands of men and women, some of whom offered )( their lives for us in the time that Kied men's souls, will be doomed to stumble on in darkness to the end t) of a joyless journey. I know I can speak for the teachers of North Carolina. They never h yet have turned a deaf ear to any ti wnrtll V r?n 11 A\ , mt*y nevrr a yet have flinched at any reasonable fr sacriflce demanded therefor. They'll do their part! Editors of North Carolina, I've seen your mettle tried before and often I've learned of what line. K sturdy stuff these Tar Heel editors I ire made. I know you'll do your y I All toRcher, then, for the elimina- K lion of illiteracy in North Carolina, for the emancipation of every man, woman and child from its tragic limitations! J. * INFORM TIIE EDITOR. t. 4. J .. ?.- t-.t..?..t..t. ? ? ~ T, r r" V . "'1*. 1 ' *T* r . * flreer Observer. One of the most difficult of the editor's jobs is to get farts about births, marriages and deaths. If not that, the birth, marriage or death is of such importance in the immediate family that it is presumed the editor will bo informed by some wireless or Just grow into the information. Then when the paper comes out, and no mention is made of the event, the litor is blamed for not running a good newspaper or for not getting all the news. Remember there nr> a good many people in this county. If the editor knew each of them by name, besides their family history and tb<* chief events in the lives of every individual, lie wouldn't be an editor, lle'd be a demi-god, rcnt'ii : his feet on a cloud and sipping ambrosia instead of inhabiting a broken do wn office chair and wontl 'r; t where the money for the next \vh t T paper bill 13 coming from. Tim I f;l* 1 !i:? nvorni* i r% n*.re rw ?? ; - It r ty one. Gathering news is sec-nd j nature to liir.i, like picking his t with the ofllieo pen and cussing t nilico towel. lust the same, there's limit to his omniscience. Last we ! we thought of a million, eight hue tired and forty nine thousand tl I hundred and sixty four things of i:u portnilce. besides a couple of huo're 1 thousand small items unworthy o' mention. Uul it was a slow u We're anxious for news for the pat)' r and it won't put you out numb > L drop by the office or telephone us w hats ltappening at your house. Then if the item doesn't get into the pmcr. i you nave me rigni to com.' down ;t.i 1 ,j. I kick the stuffing out of the cat. Other ' wise, don't blame us. tel A Party of | Fishermen? | Out of Mt. Croghan, sitting -! around the camp fire, were dis, cussing the COFFEE tltey had just drunk. ALL OK THEM + agreed 4* "IT WAS JEST I INK." + One man said, while they were V talking, that he "Just Could Not Stand That ? + "fiVZIAXNE COFFEE," + but wanted Straight Coffee. The $ cook told him that "IT WAS VjCZIA X NE" | they had just finished drinking. a and actually had to "show T him" the can before he would , ; i believe It. The trouble with * | this fellow was. He Had Not Taken Proper Care in making + I Coffee out of l.l'ZIAXXE. LUZIANNE I IS coon \l,l, THE TIME. IK) NOT BAY-BY TOO K<M)N. 'otton Should Kcccivr Sliullow Cultivat ion Throughout Growth. Clemson College, July '22. -It is rrong to lay-by cotton at an early ate, though many farmers seem to k*ish to do that very thing. .Cotton hould be cultivated until many bolls re mature and to lay-by the crop a onsiderable time before maturity is o take chances of suffering heavily rom drought. Shallow cultivation is one of th" armor's most effective ways of sav ;ig moisture ill his soil. It puts a ust blanket over the soil and the loisture is unable to evaporate hrough this dust blanket. The lanket, or mulch, is destroyed when lie ground has baked hard or when rains and it must be renewed by ultivating after every rain. There is no wisdom in leaving cot- i >n to shift for itself during the lat- I r part of its growth. If cultivation j lops and the crop Is htid-hy the soil ! lay lose its moisture, a drought may | illow, and the cotton will suffer. Clcmson College is advising shal>%v cultivation of cotton until mairity, to prevent, loses of moisture ml to help to prevent the fruit from illlng. W ,gj THREE-QUARTERS OF A CENT! IN THE TRAINING OF YOUNG A time-seasoned institution ofh training of the intellect ind the devel Christian influences. Situated in a q religious in life and atmosphere; in! Health conditions unexcelled. Buildings equipped and arranged in college work and administration. Ci | young men. The Wylie H omc, a hands provides every modern dormitory equi acre campus; out-door sports and cxerc Literary and science courses of col degrees. Library of 10.0C0 volumes; I School. Government based upon an apper tuition to young ladies in Wylie Home. 7?'?c>l ' dress ' Jnn Moff ctiiccm COLLK Collcr.r a* iKrfinrut ?, ? Christian Influ J J iome-likc Sui ?J Select Student ' * ? 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Trains n its students for lives of fullest I efficiency and responsibility. |i Equipment, faculty, courses of Sau 'jy, una cultural n.tluences are I entirely in harmony with present- I 1 day requirements. ! \?!fu?nls*vst5orj. n? ruction ond dor 11 , ;.jj mt'ory buililiti"* <"iulpi>c(l itlom: tin> I j.,! "! -t ininii'rn lilies. i<>r convenient, K ':(j F.ntraa** rcquiroi: -n.s upoi 1 - unit batii. Iff '! t!: v ..uiiiii rd < o'.iisi'v t?-acl?n- to b. a.. 131 Hi;. I.. . ii?i M. a. ditni1'. i.tii'r.ituro, |H I. u!?ni:i;:. . Sciences. I'riictii :il train- IB in. in Imine '.iryoii'liCC. !>uiici-iiCourse. |n V leading to diploma. Tljirouuli course- lending to cllnlo III."1- ; 'l Com* .attryof Mu >. 'I.'lmrtmciils H 3j ' i An. fc?yr*tv<.p, I'hjnc-.l Cvllurr. Kmdrrjir ||4 | (to. Normal Trtinios Coari*. IR ej 'Ibis institution el ins to nlTord tlie Ml; jl best cihumionu I ml vantages <>>>Uii liable ij ..I ' mlniuiutu cost. ForCatdojo* addrm ; D WID M. 1MMSAY, D. D? Pres. 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